Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry最新文献

{"title":"Influence of Polishing Protocols on Surface Roughness and Color Properties of a Zirconia-Based Nano-Hybrid Resin Composite.","authors":"Eduarda Carla da Silva Souza, Larissa de Jesus Gomes, Leonardo Santos Barros, Débora Alves Nunes Leite Lima, Cecilia Pedroso Turssi, Fabiana Mantovani Gomes França, Roberta Tarkany Basting, Waldemir Francisco Vieira-Junior","doi":"10.4317/jced.63745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.63745","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study evaluated the impact of polishing procedures on the surface texture and color stability of two nano-hybrid resin composites, with or without zirconia filler.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Cylindrical specimens (6 × 2 mm) were fabricated using a nano-hybrid resin composite containing zirconia (Forma, Ultradent) or a composite without zirconia (Empress Direct, Ivoclar Vivadent). Specimens were subjected to two finishing and polishing protocols (n = 12): aluminum oxide abrasive disks (Sof-Lex, 3M) or disk-shaped abrasive rubbers (Jiffy, Ultradent). Roughness (Ra, µm) and color (CIEL*a*b* system, CIEDE2000, Vita shade guide units [SGU]) were measured at baseline, after polishing protocol, and after immersion in coffee solution.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>were evaluated using linear mixed-effects models for repeated measures, along with Tukey-Kramer, Mann-Whitney, Friedman, and Nemenyi tests ( = 0.05). Results: All groups exhibited an increase in Ra after polishing, with the highest values observed in specimens polished with abrasive rubbers (p &lt; 0.05). SGU values significantly increased for both resin composites following coffee exposure, although the zirconia-based composite showed lower overall SGU changes (p &lt; 0.05). After staining, Eab and E00 values were greater for the abrasive rubber groups compared to the aluminum oxide disk groups and were also higher for the non-zirconia resin composite compared to the zirconia-based material (p &lt; 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Polishing with aluminum oxide abrasive disks resulted in smoother surfaces and reduced susceptibility to staining. Nevertheless, the zirconia-containing resin composite demonstrated superior color stability regardless of the polishing method.</p>","PeriodicalId":15376,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry","volume":"18 3","pages":"e317-e325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13119595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial control and a simple regenerative endodontic protocol achieve durable apical healing and long-term root development: A 10-year case report.","authors":"Mario Andrés Cumplido-Mendoza, Eliana Pineda-Vélez, Anny Marcela Vivares-Builes, Carlos M Ardila","doi":"10.4317/jced.63482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.63482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Regenerative endodontics offers a biologically driven alternative to apexification for immature teeth with necrotic pulps and apical periodontitis. We report the management of an 11-year-old girl with a history of dentoalveolar trauma and an immature maxillary left central incisor (tooth 21) presenting with gray discoloration, negative sensibility, and a defined apical radiolucency (Nolla stage 9). Treatment followed a conservative, accessible protocol: disinfection with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, placement of triple-antibiotic paste (ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, amoxicillin), and, at two weeks, irrigation with 17% EDTA, apical bleeding induction by controlled over-instrumentation, placement of a collagen matrix, and sealing with white mineral trioxide aggregate under a definitive composite restoration. A separate endodontic treatment was later performed on tooth 11 for mastication pain unrelated to the regenerative site. Long-term follow-up showed progressive and stable tissue regeneration. At 4 years, periapical radiography revealed early hard-tissue deposition in the middle and apical thirds and a slight increase in root length. At 8 years, marked root elongation and dentinal wall thickening were evident, improving structural prognosis. Cone-beam CT at 10 years confirmed complete apical closure, absence of periapical pathology, and substantial thickening of canal walls. Clinically, periodontal health remained intact and the tooth recovered a positive response to cold testing, consistent with true pulpal regeneration. This case demonstrates that meticulous microbial control combined with a simple, cost-conscious regenerative protocol may be associated with durable apical healing, continued root development, and functional recovery in an immature traumatized incisor. Although this is a single case and the findings are not generalizable, the sustained radiographic and clinical outcomes over a decade suggest that regenerative endodontics can be a feasible option in selected comparable cases when performed under appropriate clinical conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15376,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry","volume":"18 3","pages":"e413-e419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13119665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of ChatGPT's Accuracy, Repeatability, and Reasoning Ability in Prosthodontics Education: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study with Prosthodontists.","authors":"Naila Perween, Punit Raj Singh Khurana, Anju Aggarwal, Aditya Chaudhary, Kartika Nitin Kumar, Sahba Hassan, Athulya R Sekhar","doi":"10.4317/jced.63583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.63583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) tools like ChatGPT in dental education is increasing, yet their accuracy, reasoning quality, and reliability remain underexplored in specialized fields like prosthodontics. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of ChatGPT in answering prosthodontics-based questions by comparing its accuracy with that of experienced Prosthodontists, as well as assessing its repeatability and reasoning ability.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using 36 validated prosthodontics-based questions, categorized by difficulty (easy, medium, hard) and type (theoretical, clinical). Responses were obtained from a panel of Prosthodontists via Google Form and from ChatGPT 4-o mini version, twice daily for 15 days. Each group generated 1080 responses. Accuracy of ChatGPT's responses was compared with Prosthodontists' responses. ChatGPT's reliability was assessed using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Standard Error of Measurement (SEM), and Coefficient of Variation (CV). Five subject matter experts rated ChatGPT's reasoning quality on a 3-point Likert scale, and Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between reasoning and accuracy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prosthodontists outperformed ChatGPT in overall accuracy (p &lt; 0.05), with significant differences observed particularly for medium-difficulty and clinical questions. ChatGPT demonstrated fair reliability (ICC = 0.427), with SEM of 25.18 and CV of 61.7% indicating moderate variability. Reasoning analysis showed that 38.9% of ChatGPT's responses were rated strong, while 36.1% were rated poor. A significant positive correlation was found between reasoning quality and accuracy (r = 0.353, p = 0.035).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ChatGPT demonstrates moderate ability in delivering accurate theoretical information but lacks consistency and clinical judgment. Its role should be limited to a supplementary aid in dental education, with expert oversight required to ensure accuracy and contextual relevance.</p>","PeriodicalId":15376,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry","volume":"18 3","pages":"e342-e350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13119599/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of impacted and supernumerary teeth among young Peruvians: A large cross-sectional study.","authors":"Lilian Damián-Navarro, Manuel Esquivel-Ortega, Jhoana Mercedes Llaguno-Rubio, Gustavo Adolf Fiori-Chincaro, Luis Ernesto Arriola-Guillén","doi":"10.4317/jced.63746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.63746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To determine the prevalence of impacted teeth (IT) and supernumerary teeth (ST) in young Peruvian individuals aged 13 to 20 years based on panoramic radiographs taken between 2020 and 2025. Materials and.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional and retrospective study complied with all ethical standards. Digital panoramic radiographs from two radiological centers in Peru (n = 7,903) were evaluated to analyze and detect the presence of impacted and supernumerary teeth. All DPRs were assessed by two previously trained and calibrated investigators. Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression analyses were used, with a significance level set at p &lt; 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found a prevalence of impacted teeth (IT) of 58.7%, with no significant difference between sexes (p = 0.361). The prevalence of supernumerary teeth (ST) was 3.9% (males 5.5%, females 2.5%; p &lt; 0.001). Single ST were observed in 68.9% of cases, with no sex-related differences (p = 0.195). No maxillary or mandibular predominance was found (p = 0.717); however, a higher frequency of ST was recorded in the posterior region (56.1%, p = 0.088) and of the supplemental type (51.9%), with no differences by sex (p = 0.185). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed a higher risk of ST in males (B = 2.28, p &lt; 0.001), with no influence of age (p = 0.200). The most frequently impacted teeth were third molars (n = 3,579), followed by canines (n = 1,101) and incisors (n = 60).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of impacted teeth in young Peruvian patients was within the high range reported in the literature, with no significant differences by sex or age. Third molars were the most commonly impacted teeth, followed by canines. The prevalence of supernumerary teeth was within the average range reported in previous studies, being higher in males, predominantly single and located in the posterior region, with no age-related effect. Periodic radiographic evaluations during adolescence are recommended for early detection, as well as further research in young patients during the critical period of completion of permanent dental maturation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15376,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry","volume":"18 3","pages":"e377-e385"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13119684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use and misuse of ANOVA in in vitro biomaterials studies: A methodological analysis of the last ten years in the Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry.","authors":"Marco Sánchez-Tito","doi":"10.4317/jced.63758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.63758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to estimate the frequency and characterize the nature of methodological errors related to the selection, application, and interpretation of ANOVA and related tests in in vitro biomaterials studies published in the Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry (JCED) over the last ten years.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A methodological review was conducted of original in vitro biomaterials articles published in JCED between 2016 and 2025. Studies reporting the use of ANOVA or derived procedures were included. Data were extracted on publication characteristics, statistical tests applied, verification of statistical assumptions, post hoc procedures, and statistical software. ANOVA use was classified as inappropriate when inconsistencies between reported and applied methods were identified, when assumption verification was inadequate or not specified, when post hoc procedures were inappropriate, or when statistical methods were incompletely reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 345 in vitro biomaterials studies were included. Although ANOVA was widely used, complete verification of statistical assumptions based on model residuals was uncommon. The most frequent methodological errors associated with misused ANOVA were failure to specify the post hoc test used (50.0%) and inappropriate application of post hoc procedures (31.6%). Additional issues included incompatible post hoc tests following global analyses and discrepancies between methods and results.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite its central role in in vitro dental research, ANOVA is frequently misused or inadequately reported in biomaterials studies. Strengthening statistical training and enforcing clearer editorial standards may substantially improve the validity, transparency, and reproducibility of experimental dental research.</p>","PeriodicalId":15376,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry","volume":"18 3","pages":"e294-e302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13119564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Confidence in Endodontics: A Cross-Sectional Study of Undergraduate Students' First Patient Experience.","authors":"Isabel Gálvez, Ana Antoranz, Natalia Navarrete, Marta Muñoz-Corcuera","doi":"10.4317/jced.63542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.63542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endodontics is a complex and often stressful dental procedure for undergraduate students, requiring the development of fine motor skills and manual dexterity. Performing this treatment for the first time on patients can be particularly challenging. This cross-sectional observational study aims to evaluate the perceptions and self-reported confidence levels of fifth-year dental students when performing their first endodontic treatment on patients.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Following their first root canal treatment performed in the clinical setting under the supervision of an endodontics instructor, fifth-year students completed a structured questionnaire. The survey included Likert-scale items assessing perceived case difficulty and confidence across various stages of the procedure. Additionally, an open-ended question was included to gather qualitative feedback for potential improvements in endodontic education.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 179 students completed the questionnaire, yielding a 89.5% response rate. Molars were reported as the most challenging teeth to treat, while premolars were the most frequently treated. Students identified root canal obturation as the most complex phase of the procedure and reported the lowest confidence during working length determination.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Enhancing the number of preclinical workshops prior to patient-based endodontic treatments may improve students' confidence and help them develop the manual skills necessary for successful clinical performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":15376,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry","volume":"18 3","pages":"e351-e357"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13119514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of hard palate bone thickness on cone -beam computed tomographs for orthodontic mini-implant placement: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"Silvia Huaynate-Cuadrado, Manuel Gustavo Chávez-Sevillano, Daniel Blanco-Victorio, Sandra P Palomino-Gomez, Jessica Arieta-Miranda, Catia Cardoso Abdo Quintão, Luis Fernando Pérez-Vargas","doi":"10.4317/jced.63661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.63661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to determine the bone thickness of the hard palate using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to identify suitable sites for orthodontic mini-implant placement.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Fifty CBCT scans were analyzed, comprising 31 women (mean age, 25.77 ± 7.16 yr.) and 19 men (mean age, 26.16 ± 6.92 yr.), aged 18-45 yr. Measurements were obtained using Real Scan 2.0 software on coronal sections at 4, 8, 12, and 16 mm posterior to the incisal foramen (IF) and at 0, 3, and 6 mm lateral to the midsagittal plane (MSP) on both sides. Statistical analysis was performed in Stata v15 using the Shapiro--Wilk, Mann--Whitney U, Wilcoxon, Kruskal--Wallis, and Dunn's post hoc tests, with a 95% confidence level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant differences were observed between the right and left sides. The greatest mean bone thickness was found at slice 4 along the MSP (5.91 ± 1.72 mm). A significant decrease in bone thickness was noted toward the lateral and posterior regions, except at slice 16. Men exhibited significantly greater bone thickness than women at 4, 8, and 12 mm. Slice 4 corresponded to the region between the first and second premolars in 48% of participants, whereas slice 8 corresponded to the level of the second premolar in 76% of participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The region of the hard palate with the greatest bone thickness was identified at slice 4 (4 mm posterior to the IF) at 0, 3, and 6 mm lateral to the MSP, located in 48% of subjects between the first and second premolars. Men demonstrated significantly greater bone thickness than women at all slices except slice 16.</p>","PeriodicalId":15376,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry","volume":"18 3","pages":"e309-e316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13119694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prevalence of Early Implant Failure and Associated Risk Factors: A Retrospective Study.","authors":"U-Rachanee Yuyuen, Kanyawat Rattanasuwan, Akkapol Banlue","doi":"10.4317/jced.63517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.63517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and associated factors of early implant failure at Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Dental Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry of Mahidol University.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>All implant placements performed between 2016 and 2023 were collected from the hospital's database (SSB program) using specific treatment codes. Failed implants were retrieved from the claimed implant list and categorized as early or late failures based on the timing of final restoration. Early failures were selected for further analysis, with data extracted from their respective treatment records, including patient's demographic data, periodontal status, and implant's characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 7,368 dental implants were placed, of which 114 failed before final restoration and were subsequently removed. The prevalence of early implant failure was 1.55%. Univariate analysis revealed associations between early implant failure and a history of periodontitis, diameter of implant, location of implant placement, level of implant platform as determined by radiographic analysis, covering materials of implants. Moreover, length of implant was also having a trend toward association with early implant failure (p=0.052). From multivariate logistic regression analysis, only diameter (p=0.003) and length of implant (p=0.022) were associated with early implant failure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that implant diameters less than 3.5 mm and lengths less than 10 mm are associated with an increased risk of early implant failure. Further research is warranted to clarify the influence of other potential contributing factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":15376,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry","volume":"18 3","pages":"e358-e365"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13119645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"30th SESPO CONGRESS. Prevention leads dentistry. Madrid, 17-18 October 2025.","authors":"","doi":"10.4317/jced.1122335667807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4317/jced.1122335667807","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15376,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry","volume":"18 Suppl 1","pages":"S1-S29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12861062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146105654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Primary Chronic Granulomatous Sialadenitis of the Parotid Gland: A Rare Case Report\".","authors":"Pedro Tapia-Contreras, Pauline Morgan, María José Flores","doi":"10.4317/jced.63394","DOIUrl":"10.4317/jced.63394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parotid gland tumors account for 1-3% of head and neck tumors and approximately 70-80% of all salivary gland neoplasms, most of which are benign and predominantly occur in adults. However, non-neoplastic parotid lesions, such as chronic granulomatous sialadenitis, are rare entities with an estimated incidence of 1.7%. They may present as slow-growing, painless masses that are clinically indistinguishable from benign tumors, representing a diagnostic challenge.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>We report the case of a patient with a left parotid mass of two years' evolution, initially evaluated by fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) (reported as Milan category II, non-neoplastic) and subsequently treated with surgical excision. Histopathological analysis revealed chronic granulomatous sialadenitis, with no evidence of infectious agents or apparent systemic involvement, suggesting a possible autoimmune or idiopathic origin.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>FNAB is the initial diagnostic method of choice due to its low cost, accuracy, and minimal complication rate. It shows a sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 97%, positive predictive value of 90%, and negative predictive value of 94%. However, when cytological findings do not allow confirmation of the nature of the lesion, or when the clinical course is atypical, surgical excision with subsequent histopathological evaluation becomes necessary. Ideally, intraoperative biopsy analysis should be available to establish the definitive diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Granulomatous reactions in the parotid gland may result from ductal obstruction, specific infections, or systemic granulomatous diseases, making clinico-pathological and immunohistochemical correlation essential. This case highlights the importance of considering inflammatory lesions in the differential diagnosis of parotid masses and the need for a stepwise approach that combines cytology, imaging, and selective surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":15376,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry","volume":"18 2","pages":"e279-e283"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13016572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147521173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}