Journal of Biomedical Optics最新文献

{"title":"Multispectral label-free <i>in vivo</i> cellular imaging of human retinal pigment epithelium using adaptive optics fluorescence lifetime ophthalmoscopy improves feasibility for low emission analysis and increases sensitivity for detecting changes with age and eccentricity.","authors":"Karteek Kunala, Janet A H Tang, Keith Parkins, Jennifer J Hunter","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.29.S2.S22707","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.29.S2.S22707","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Adaptive optics fluorescence lifetime ophthalmoscopy (AOFLIO) provides a label-free approach to observe functional and molecular changes at cellular scale <i>in vivo</i>. Adding multispectral capabilities improves interpretation of lifetime fluctuations due to individual fluorophores in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE).</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To quantify the cellular-scale changes in autofluorescence with age and eccentricity due to variations in lipofuscin, melanin, and melanolipofuscin in RPE using multispectral AOFLIO.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>AOFLIO was performed on six subjects at seven eccentricities. Four imaging channels ( <math> <mrow> <msub><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow> <mrow><mi>ex</mi></mrow> </msub> <mo>/</mo> <msub><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow> <mrow><mi>em</mi></mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> ) were used: 473/SSC, 473/LSC, 532/LSC, and 765/NIR. Cells were segmented and the timing signals of each pixel in a cell were combined into a single histogram, which were then used to compute the lifetime and phasor parameters. An ANOVA was performed to investigate eccentricity and spectral effects on each parameter.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A repeatability analysis revealed <math><mrow><mo><</mo> <mn>11.8</mn> <mo>%</mo></mrow> </math> change in lifetime parameters in repeat visits for 532/LSC. The 765/NIR and 532/LSC had eccentricity and age effects similar to previous reports. The 473/LSC had a change in eccentricity with mean lifetime and a phasor component. Both the 473/LSC and 473/SSC had changes in eccentricity in the short lifetime component and its relative contribution. The 473/SSC had no trend in eccentricity in phasor. The comparison across the four channels showed differences in lifetime and phasor parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Multispectral AOFLIO can provide a more comprehensive picture of changes with age and eccentricity. These results indicate that cell segmentation has the potential to allow investigations in low-photon scenarios such as in older or diseased subjects with the co-capture of an NIR channel (such as 765/NIR) with the desired spectral channel. This work represents the first multispectral, cellular-scale fluorescence lifetime comparison <i>in vivo</i> in the human RPE and may be a useful method for tracking diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"29 Suppl 2","pages":"S22707"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11221116/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141498156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial neural networks trained on simulated multispectral data for real-time imaging of skin microcirculatory blood oxygen saturation.","authors":"Marcus Larsson, Maria Ewerlöf, E Göran Salerud, Tomas Strömberg, Ingemar Fredriksson","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.29.S3.S33304","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.29.S3.S33304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Imaging blood oxygen saturation ( <math> <mrow> <msub><mrow><mi>SO</mi></mrow> <mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> ) in the skin can be of clinical value when studying ischemic tissue. Emerging multispectral snapshot cameras enable real-time imaging but are limited by slow analysis when using inverse Monte Carlo (MC), the gold standard for analyzing multispectral data. Using artificial neural networks (ANNs) facilitates a significantly faster analysis but requires a large amount of high-quality training data from a wide range of tissue types for a precise estimation of <math> <mrow> <msub><mrow><mi>SO</mi></mrow> <mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> .</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aim to develop a framework for training ANNs that estimates <math> <mrow> <msub><mrow><mi>SO</mi></mrow> <mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> in real time from multispectral data with a precision comparable to inverse MC.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>ANNs are trained using synthetic data from a model that includes MC simulations of light propagation in tissue and hardware characteristics. The model includes physiologically relevant variations in optical properties, unique sensor characteristics, variations in illumination spectrum, and detector noise. This approach enables a rapid way of generating high-quality training data that covers different tissue types and skin pigmentation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ANN implementation analyzes an image in 0.11 s, which is at least 10,000 times faster than inverse MC. The hardware modeling is significantly improved by an in-house calibration of the sensor spectral response. An <i>in-vivo</i> example shows that inverse MC and ANN give almost identical <math> <mrow> <msub><mrow><mi>SO</mi></mrow> <mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> values with a mean absolute deviation of 1.3%-units.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ANN can replace inverse MC and enable real-time imaging of microcirculatory <math> <mrow> <msub><mrow><mi>SO</mi></mrow> <mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> in the skin if detailed and precise modeling of both tissue and hardware is used when generating training data.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"29 Suppl 3","pages":"S33304"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11234456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141579807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introducing the Special Issue on Label-Free Quantitative Phase Imaging Honoring Prof. Gabriel Popescu, a Pioneer in Biomedical Optics.","authors":"Stephen A Boppart, Catherine A Best-Popescu, Randy A Bartels, Kevin Eliceiri","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.29.S2.S22701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.29.S2.S22701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The editorial introduces the JBO special issue honoring Prof. Gabriel Popescu, Pioneer in Biomedical Optics.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"29 Suppl 2","pages":"S22701"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11656486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142864281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To label or not: the need for validation in label-free imaging.","authors":"Joseph M Szulczewski, Filiz Yesilkoy, Tyler K Ulland, Randy Bartels, Bryan A Millis, Stephen A Boppart, Kevin W Eliceiri","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.29.S2.S22717","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.29.S2.S22717","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Advances in label-free imaging have impacted many areas of biological and biomedical imaging ranging from cell biology and cancer to pathology and neuroscience. Despite the great progress and advantages of these methods, it is clear that to realize their full potential, validation by extrinsic labels and probes is critically needed.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This perspective calls for developing and applying innovative labels and probes to validate both existing and emerging label-free imaging methods.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>Major representative types of label-free imaging methods are briefly presented discussing their advantages and differing contrasts. Their biological applications are also reviewed with a focus on how validation of label-free methods with carefully developed labeling approaches will greatly aid in further intrinsic contrast imaging adoption and likely lead to more sophisticated image-based biomarkers and a better understanding of the underlying signals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Expanded efforts in extrinsic label validation will significantly push forward the utilization and adoption of label-free methods both in basic research and clinical models.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"29 Suppl 2","pages":"S22717"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11660684/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142877294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient-specific arterial input function for accurate perfusion assessment in intraoperative fluorescence imaging.","authors":"Yue Tang, Shudong Jiang, Joseph S Sottosanti, Thomas Usherwood, Xu Cao, Logan M Bateman, Lillian A Fisher, Eric R Henderson, Ida Leah Gitajn, Jonathan Thomas Elliott","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.29.S3.S33306","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.29.S3.S33306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>The arterial input function (AIF) plays a crucial role in correcting the time-dependent concentration of the contrast agent within the arterial system, accounting for variations in agent injection parameters (speed, timing, etc.) across patients. Understanding the significance of the AIF can enhance the accuracy of tissue vascular perfusion assessment through indocyanine green-based dynamic contrast-enhanced fluorescence imaging (DCE-FI).</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We evaluate the impact of the AIF on perfusion assessment through DCE-FI.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>A total of 144 AIFs were acquired from 110 patients using a pulse dye densitometer. Simulation and patient intraoperative imaging were conducted to validate the significance of AIF for perfusion assessment based on kinetic parameters extracted from fluorescence images before and after AIF correction. The kinetic model accuracy was evaluated by assessing the variability of kinetic parameters using individual AIF versus population-based AIF.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individual AIF can reduce the variability in kinetic parameters, and population-based AIF can potentially replace individual AIF for estimating wash-out rate ( <math> <mrow> <msub><mrow><mi>k</mi></mrow> <mrow><mi>ep</mi></mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> ), maximum intensity ( <math> <mrow> <msub><mrow><mi>I</mi></mrow> <mrow><mi>max</mi></mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> ), ingress slope with lower differences compared with those in estimating blood flow, volume transfer constant ( <math> <mrow> <msup><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow> <mrow><mi>trans</mi></mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math> ), and time to peak.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Individual AIF can provide the most accurate perfusion assessment compared with assessment without AIF or based on population-based AIF correction.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"29 Suppl 3","pages":"S33306"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11379448/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142154205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stain-free enucleation of mouse and human oocytes with a 1033 nm femtosecond laser.","authors":"Alina A Osychenko, Alexandr D Zalessky, Alexey V Bachurin, David Yu Martirosyan, Maria S Egorova, Viktor A Nadtochenko","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.29.6.065002","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.29.6.065002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Preparation of a recipient cytoplast by oocyte enucleation is an essential task for animal cloning and assisted reproductive technologies in humans. The femtosecond laser is a precise and low-invasive tool for oocyte enucleation, and it should be an appropriate alternative to traditional enucleation by a microneedle aspiration. However, until recently, the laser enucleation was performed only with applying a fluorescent dye.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This work is aimed to (1) achieve femtosecond laser oocyte enucleation without applying a fluorescent dye and (2) to study the effect of laser destruction of chromosomes on the structure and dynamics of the spindle.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>We applied polarized light microscopy for spindle visualization and performed stain-free mouse and human oocyte enucleation with a 1033 nm femtosecond laser. Also, we studied transformation of a spindle after metaphase plate elimination by a confocal microscopy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We demonstrated a fundamental possibility of inactivating the metaphase plate in mouse and human oocytes by 1033 nm femtosecond laser radiation without applying a fluorescent dye. Irradiation of the spindle area, visualized by polarized light microscopy, resulted in partly or complete metaphase plate destruction but avoided the microtubules impairment. After the metaphase plate elimination, the spindle reorganized, however, it was not a complete depolymerization.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This method of recipient cytoplast preparation is expected to be useful for animal cloning and assisted reproductive technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"29 6","pages":"065002"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11133223/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141175865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ninety years of pulse oximetry: history, current status, and outlook.","authors":"Valentina Quaresima, Marco Ferrari, Felix Scholkmann","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.29.S3.S33307","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.29.S3.S33307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>This year, 2024, marks the 50th anniversary of the invention of pulse oximetry (PO), which was first presented by Takuo Aoyagi, an engineer from the Nihon Kohden Company, at the 13th Conference of the Japanese Society of Medical Electronics and Biological Engineering in Osaka in 1974. His discovery and the development of PO for the non-invasive measurement of peripheral arterial oxygenation represents one of the most significant chapters in the history of medical technology. It resulted from research and development efforts conducted by biochemists, engineers, physicists, physiologists, and physicians since the 1930s.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The objective of this work was to provide a narrative review of the history, current status, and future prospects of PO.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>A comprehensive review of the literature on oximetry and PO was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusions: </strong>Our historical review examines the development of oximetry in general and PO in particular, tracing the key stages of a long and fascinating story that has unfolded from the first half of the twentieth century to the present day-an exciting journey in which serendipity has intersected with the hard work of key pioneers. This work has been made possible by the contributions of numerous key pioneers, including Kurt Kramer, Karl Matthes, Glenn Millikan, Evgenii M. Kreps, Earl H. Wood, Robert F. Show, Scott A. Wilber, William New, and, above all, Takuo Aoyagi. PO has become an integral part of modern medical care and has proven to be an important tool for physiological monitoring. The COVID-19 pandemic not only highlighted the clinical utility of PO but also revealed some of the problems with the technology. Current research in biomedical optics should address these issues to make the technology even more reliable and accurate. We discuss the necessary innovations in PO and present our thoughts on what the next generation of PO might look like.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"29 Suppl 3","pages":"S33307"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11330276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142000056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generalized 3D registration algorithm for enhancing retinal optical coherence tomography images.","authors":"Tiffany Tse, Yudan Chen, Mahsa Siadati, Yusi Miao, Jun Song, Da Ma, Zaid Mammo, Myeong Jin Ju","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.29.6.066002","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.29.6.066002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has emerged as the standard of care for diagnosing and monitoring the treatment of various ocular disorders due to its noninvasive nature and <i>in vivo</i> volumetric acquisition capability. Despite its widespread applications in ophthalmology, motion artifacts remain a challenge in OCT imaging, adversely impacting image quality. While several multivolume registration algorithms have been developed to address this issue, they are often designed to cater to one specific OCT system or acquisition protocol.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aim to generate an OCT volume free of motion artifacts using a system-agnostic registration algorithm that is independent of system specifications or protocol.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>We developed a B-scan registration algorithm that removes motion and corrects for both translational eye movements and rotational angle differences between volumes. Tests were carried out on various datasets obtained from two different types of custom-built OCT systems and one commercially available system to determine the reliability of the proposed algorithm. Additionally, different system specifications were used, with variations in axial resolution, lateral resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, and real-time motion tracking. The accuracy of this method has further been evaluated through mean squared error (MSE) and multiscale structural similarity index measure (MS-SSIM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results demonstrate improvements in the overall contrast of the images, facilitating detailed visualization of retinal vasculatures in both superficial and deep vasculature plexus. Finer features of the inner and outer retina, such as photoreceptors and other pathology-specific features, are discernible after multivolume registration and averaging. Quantitative analyses affirm that increasing the number of averaged registered volumes will decrease MSE and increase MS-SSIM as compared to the reference volume.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The multivolume registered data obtained from this algorithm offers significantly improved visualization of the retinal microvascular network as well as retinal morphological features. Furthermore, we have validated that the versatility of our methodology extends beyond specific OCT modalities, thereby enhancing the clinical utility of OCT for the diagnosis and monitoring of ocular pathologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"29 6","pages":"066002"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11091473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140922369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistical estimation theory detection limits for label-free imaging.","authors":"Lang Wang, Maxine Varughese, Ali Pezeshki, Randy Bartels","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.29.S2.S22716","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.29.S2.S22716","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>The emergence of label-free microscopy techniques has significantly improved our ability to precisely characterize biochemical targets, enabling non-invasive visualization of cellular organelles and tissue organization. However, understanding each label-free method with respect to the specific benefits, drawbacks, and varied sensitivities under measurement conditions across different types of specimens remains a challenge.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We link all of these disparate label-free optical interactions together and compare the detection sensitivity within the framework of statistical estimation theory.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>To achieve this goal, we introduce a comprehensive unified framework for evaluating the bounds for signal detection with label-free microscopy methods, including second-harmonic generation, third-harmonic generation, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, coherent Stokes Raman scattering, stimulated Raman loss, stimulated Raman gain, stimulated emission, impulsive stimulated Raman scattering, transient absorption, and photothermal effect. A general model for signal generation induced by optical scattering is developed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on this model, the information obtained is quantitatively analyzed using Fisher information, and the fundamental constraints on estimation precision are evaluated through the Cramér-Rao lower bound, offering guidance for optimal experimental design and interpretation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We provide valuable insights for researchers seeking to leverage label-free techniques for non-invasive imaging applications for biomedical research and clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"29 Suppl 2","pages":"S22716"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11379408/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142154208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the impact and influence of melanin on frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy measurements.","authors":"Shidhartho Roy, Jingyi Wu, Jiaming Cao, Joel Disu, Sharadhi Bharadwaj, Elizabeth Meinert-Spyker, Pulkit Grover, Jana M Kainerstorfer, Sossena Wood","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.29.S3.S33310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.29.S3.S33310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive optical method that measures changes in hemoglobin concentration and oxygenation. The measured light intensity is susceptible to reduced signal quality due to the presence of melanin.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We quantify the influence of melanin concentration on NIRS measurements taken with a frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy system using 690 and 830 nm.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>Using a forehead NIRS probe, we measured 35 healthy participants and investigated the correlation between melanin concentration indices, which were determined using a colorimeter, and several key metrics from the NIRS signal. These metrics include signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), two measurements of oxygen saturation (arterial oxygen saturation, <math> <mrow><msub><mi>SpO</mi> <mn>2</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> , and tissue oxygen saturation, <math> <mrow><msub><mi>StO</mi> <mn>2</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> ), and optical properties represented by the absorption coefficient ( <math> <mrow><msub><mi>μ</mi> <mi>a</mi></msub> </mrow> </math> ) and the reduced scattering coefficient ( <math> <mrow> <msubsup><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow> <mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow> <mrow><mo>'</mo></mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </math> ).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found a significant negative correlation between the melanin index and the SNR estimated in oxy-hemoglobin signals ( <math> <mrow><msub><mi>r</mi> <mi>s</mi></msub> <mo>=</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mn>0.489</mn></mrow> </math> , <math><mrow><mi>p</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.006</mn></mrow> </math> ) and <math> <mrow><msub><mi>SpO</mi> <mn>2</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> levels ( <math> <mrow><msub><mi>r</mi> <mi>s</mi></msub> <mo>=</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mn>0.413</mn></mrow> </math> , <math><mrow><mi>p</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.023</mn></mrow> </math> ). However, no significant changes were observed in the optical properties and <math> <mrow><msub><mi>StO</mi> <mn>2</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> ( <math> <mrow><msub><mi>r</mi> <mi>s</mi></msub> <mo>=</mo> <mo>-</mo> <mn>0.146</mn></mrow> </math> , <math><mrow><mi>p</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.44</mn></mrow> </math> ).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found that estimated SNR and <math> <mrow><msub><mi>SpO</mi> <mn>2</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> values show a significant decline and dependence on the melanin index, whereas <math> <mrow><msub><mi>StO</mi> <mn>2</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> and optical properties do not show any correlation with the melanin index.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"29 Suppl 3","pages":"S33310"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11423252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142347389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}