Journal of Biomedical Optics最新文献

{"title":"Development and characterization of a combined fluorescence and spatial frequency domain imaging system for real-time dosimetry of photodynamic therapy.","authors":"Alec B Walter, E Duco Jansen","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.S3.S34103","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.S3.S34103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Current methods of measuring dosimetry for photodynamic therapy (PDT) have proven to be inadequate in their inability to provide accurate, real-time, and spatially resolved monitoring without interrupting the PDT treatment.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Our goal was to develop and validate a combined treatment and dosimetry system capable of monitoring implicit and explicit dosimetry in real time during non-contact PDT.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>By employing both fluorescence imaging and spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI), designed with low-cost, off-the-shelf components, the combined imaging system would be able to provide information on the spatial distributions of photosensitizer concentrations, tissue oxygenation, and delivered light dose, all while monitoring the photobleaching dynamics of the photosensitizer. Although the concept behind the combined system is not specific to any one photosensitizer, we focused on designing the system for the endogenous PDT of Gram-positive bacteria which utilizes coproporphyrin III as the photosensitizer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall performance of the system was assessed, with the accuracy, precision, and resolution of the SFDI-derived optical property maps being determined to fall within comparable ranges to other systems, despite the <math><mrow><mn>1.0</mn> <mtext> </mtext> <msup><mrow><mi>mm</mi></mrow> <mrow><mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn></mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math> spatial frequency utilized for the shorter wavelengths. After validating the ability of the system to correct for tissue-like optical properties, and thus produce accurate quantitative fluorescence images, a preliminary assessment of antimicrobial PDT photobleaching dosimetry was performed, and high correlations were found between the fluorescence and PDT outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, the developed imaging system showcases the potential to enable a more thorough analysis of PDT dosimetry and the impact of different variables on treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 Suppl 3","pages":"S34103"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12118877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward fluorescence digital twins: multi-parameter experimental validation of fluorescence Monte Carlo simulations using solid phantoms.","authors":"Mayna H Nguyen, Ethan P M LaRochelle, Edwin A Robledo, Alberto J Ruiz","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.S3.S34104","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.S3.S34104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>As fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) gains clinical adoption, robust and experimentally validated computational models for tissue fluorescence are increasingly essential. Although there have been several developments in modeling fluorescence with Monte Carlo simulations, the scope of the experimental validation has been limited in the parameters tested and phantoms used.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aim to present and experimentally validate a graphics processing unit (GPU)-accelerated, voxel-based Monte Carlo fluorescence framework capable of modeling varying fluorophore concentrations, optical properties, and complex three-dimensional (3D) geometries.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>A two-step approach (MCX-ExEm) based on Monte Carlo eXtreme was developed for simulating fluorescence. Both commercial reference targets and custom 3D-printed phantoms with well-characterized optical properties were imaged for varying parameters-including absorption, scattering, fluorophore concentrations, and geometries-and compared against simulations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Strong agreement is observed between simulated and experimental fluorescence across all tested parameters. MCX-ExEm accurately captures nonlinear quenching at high fluorophore concentrations, variations driven by scattering and absorption, intensity scaling with volume, and depth-dependent attenuation and resolution. Minor deviations occur primarily under low-scattering or low-absorption regimes, where optical characterization presents greater uncertainties.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By integrating experimentally validated simulations with a broad range of solid phantoms, this framework establishes a foundation for developing fluorescence digital twins, enabling faster and more systemic testing of fluorescence imaging systems. These findings can help accelerate the design and optimization of FGS and other fluorescence-based biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 Suppl 3","pages":"S34104"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12119851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduction of photobleaching effects in photoacoustic imaging using noise agnostic, platform-flexible deep-learning methods.","authors":"Avijit Paul, Christopher Nguyen, Tayyaba Hasan, Srivalleesha Mallidi","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.S3.S34102","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.S3.S34102","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Significance: &lt;/strong&gt;Molecular photoacoustic (PA) imaging with exogenous dyes faces a significant challenge due to the photobleaching of the dye that can compromise tissue visualization, particularly in 3D imaging. Addressing this limitation can revolutionize the field by enabling safer, more reliable imaging and improve real-time visualization, quantitative analysis, and clinical decision-making in various molecular PA imaging applications such as image-guided surgeries.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim: &lt;/strong&gt;We tackle photobleaching in molecular PA imaging by introducing a platform-flexible deep learning framework that enhances SNR from single-laser pulse data, preserving contrast and signal integrity without requiring averaging of signals from multiple laser pulses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Approach: &lt;/strong&gt;The generative deep learning network was trained with an LED-illuminated PA image dataset and tested on acoustic resolution PA microscopy images obtained with single-laser pulse illumination. &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;ex vivo&lt;/i&gt; samples were first tested for demonstrating SNR improvement, and then, a 3D-scanning experiment with an ICG-filled tube was conducted to depict the usability of the technique in reducing the impact of photobleaching during PA imaging.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Our generative deep learning model outperformed traditional nonlearning, filter-based algorithms and the U-Net deep learning network when tested with &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;ex vivo&lt;/i&gt; single pulse-illuminated images, showing superior performance in terms of signal-to-noise ratio ( &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;93.54&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;6.07&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; , and &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;92.77&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;10.74&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; compared with &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;86.35&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;3.97&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; , and &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;84.52&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;11.82&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; with U-Net for kidney, and tumor, respectively) and contrast-to-noise ratio ( &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;11.82&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;4.42&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; , and &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;9.9&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;4.41&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; compared with &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;7.59&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;0.82&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; , and &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;6.82&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;2.12&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; with U-Net for kidney, and tumor respectively). The use of cGAN with single-pulse rapid imaging has the potential to prevent photobleaching ( &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;9.51&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;3.69&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mo&gt;%&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; with cGAN, and &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mn&gt;35.14&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;5.38&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mo&gt;%&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; with long-time laser exposure by averaging 30 pulses), enabling accurate, quantitative imaging suitable for real-time implementation, and improved clinical decision support.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;We demonstrate the potential of a platform-flexible generative deep learning-based approach to mitigate the effects of photobleaching in PA imaging by enhancing signal-to-noise ratio from single pulse-illuminated data, the","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 Suppl 3","pages":"S34102"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12118878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144179917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Terahertz Mie scattering in tissue: diffuse polarimetric imaging and Monte Carlo validation in highly attenuating media models.","authors":"Erica Heller, Kuangyi Xu, Zachery B Harris, M Hassan Arbab","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.6.066001","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.6.066001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Changes in the structure of tissue occur in many disease processes, such as the boundaries of cancerous tumors and burn injuries. Spectroscopic and polarimetric alterations of terahertz light caused by Mie scattering patterns have the potential to be a diagnostic marker.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We present an analysis of Monte Carlo simulation of Mie scattering of polarized terahertz light from cancerous tumor budding, compare the simulation with experimental results obtained in phantom models, and present an analysis of a polarization-sensitive terahertz scan of an <i>ex vivo</i> porcine burn injury.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>Using a Monte Carlo simulation, we modeled the changes in diffuse intensity and degree of polarization of broadband off-specular terahertz light due to scattering particles in highly attenuating tissue. We extracted the Mueller matrix of the tissue using this model and analyzed the Lu-Chipman product decomposition matrices. We compared this model with experimental data from four phantoms consisting of polypropylene particles of varying sizes embedded in gelatin. Finally, we induced a full-thickness burn injury in <i>ex vivo</i> porcine skin samples and compared experimental data captured over burned and healthy regions of the tissue.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Simulation revealed contrast in the Stokes vectors and Mueller Matrix elements for varying scattering particle sizes. Experimental phantom results showed contrast between different sizes of scattering particles in degree of polarization and diffuse intensity in agreement with Monte Carlo simulation results. Finally, we demonstrated a similar diffused imaging signal contrast between burned and healthy regions of <i>ex vivo</i> porcine skin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Polarimetric terahertz imaging has the potential to detect structural changes due to biological disease processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 6","pages":"066001"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12135335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined optical-electromechanical wearable sensors for cardiac health monitoring.","authors":"Michal Katan, Rui M R Pinto, Shiran Arol-Wiegand, Bar Atuar, Alon Tzroya, Hamootal Duadi, K B Vinayakumar, Dror Fixler","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.6.067002","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.6.067002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Integrating multiple biosensors improves the sensitivity and precision of physiological measurements in healthcare monitoring. By combining sensors that target different physiological parameters, a more comprehensive assessment of a subject's health can be achieved.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We evaluate the performance of two biosensors for extracting cardiac parameters: a textile-based strain sensor for measuring respiratory rate and an optical sensor for measuring heart rate, <math> <mrow> <msub><mrow><mi>SpO</mi></mrow> <mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> , and respiratory rate. The objective is to determine optimal placement conditions for each sensor and assess their feasibility for integration into a single wearable system.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>Two experimental setups were tested. In the first, the strain sensor was placed on the subject's shirt, while the optical sensor was positioned on the external wrist. In the second, both sensors were placed on the chest, under the shirt. The accuracy and performance of each sensor were analyzed in both configurations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optical sensor demonstrated improved accuracy when placed on the chest compared to the wrist, whereas the strain sensor provided similar results for both configurations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We demonstrate that sensor placement significantly affects measurement quality, emphasizing the importance of optimizing placement when integrating multiple biosensors. Future work will focus on developing a unified wearable system that leverages the strengths of both sensors for comprehensive physiological monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 6","pages":"067002"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12152588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structured light imaging mesoscopy: detection of embedded morphological changes in superficial tissues.","authors":"Mahsa Parsanasab, Aarohi Mahesh Mehendale, Kavon Karrobi, Darren Roblyer, Vasan Venugopalan","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.6.065001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.30.6.065001","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Significance: &lt;/strong&gt;Current paradigms for the optical characterization of layered tissues involve explicit consideration of an inverse problem which is often ill-posed and whose resolution may retain significant uncertainty. Here, we present an alternative approach, structured light imaging mesoscopy (SLIM), that leverages the inherent sensitivity of raw spatial frequency domain (SFD) reflectance measurements for the detection of embedded subsurface scattering changes in tissue.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim: &lt;/strong&gt;We identify wavelength-spatial frequency ( &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;λ&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mtext&gt;-&lt;/mtext&gt; &lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;f&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/msub&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; ) combinations that provide optimal sensitivity of SFD reflectance changes originating from scattering changes in an embedded tissue layer. We specifically consider the effects of scattering changes in the superficial dermis which is a key locus of pathology for diverse skin conditions such as cancer, aging, and scleroderma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Approach: &lt;/strong&gt;We used Monte Carlo simulations in a four-layer skin model to analyze the SFD reflectance changes resulting from changes in superficial dermal scattering across wavelength ( &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;λ&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;471&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; to 851 nm) and spatial frequency ( &lt;math&gt; &lt;mrow&gt; &lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;f&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/msub&gt; &lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; to 0.5/mm). Within this model, we consider different values for epidermal melanin concentration to simulate variations in skin tone.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Monte Carlo simulations revealed that scattering changes within the superficial dermis produce SFD reflectance changes which are maximized at specific ( &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;λ&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mtext&gt;-&lt;/mtext&gt; &lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;f&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/msub&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; ) pairs and vary with skin tone. For light skin tones, SFD reflectance changes due to scattering reductions in the superficial dermis are maximized at &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;λ&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;621&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mtext&gt;  &lt;/mtext&gt; &lt;mi&gt;nm&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; and spatial frequency &lt;math&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;f&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt; &lt;mo&gt;≈&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;0.33&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mi&gt;mm&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; . By contrast, for darker skin tones, maximal SFD reflectance changes occur at wavelengths in the near-infrared ( &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;λ&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mo&gt;≥&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;811&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mtext&gt;  &lt;/mtext&gt; &lt;mi&gt;nm&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; ) at a spatial frequency of &lt;math&gt; &lt;mrow&gt; &lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;f&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/msub&gt; &lt;mo&gt;≈&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;0.25&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mi&gt;mm&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; . Interestingly, the change in SFD reflectance produced by such scattering changes is most uniform across all skin tones when using the longest wavelength tested ( &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;λ&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;851&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mtext&gt;  &lt;/mtext&gt; &lt;mi&gt;nm&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; ) and a spatial frequency of &lt;math&gt; &lt;mrow&gt; &lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;f&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/msub&gt; &lt;mo&gt;≈&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;0.22&lt;/mn","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 6","pages":"065001"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12175002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144325891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Ex vivo</i> investigation of a smart endotracheal tube for identifying esophageal intubation.","authors":"Brett Gadsby, Sergiy Korposh, Ricardo Correia, Chenyang He, Barrie R Hayes-Gill, Andrew M Norris, Jonathan G Hardman, David W Hewson, Stephen P Morgan","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.6.067003","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.6.067003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Unrecognized intubation of the esophagus instead of the trachea results in rapid and severe consequences for the patient. Utilizing the spectral properties of the tissues could reduce incidents of these events.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aim to investigate the design and implementation of a smart endotracheal tube (ETT) with integrated optical fiber sensors to distinguish esophageal and tracheal tissues.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>Computational methods are investigated to characterize and classify nine pairs of <i>ex vivo</i> porcine organs using spectral properties. Two classifiers [ <math><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow> </math> -nearest neighbor and linear discriminant analysis (LDA)] are investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the tissues sampled, 100% are correctly distinguished, with LDA being the preferred choice when considering both performance and applicability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In clinical practice, this approach offers a method for confirming correct tracheal intubation using the spectral properties of the tissues, performed in a single step with no other invasive medical device than the ETT required to detect the spectral measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 6","pages":"067003"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12165595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-powered remote monitoring of brain responses to clear and incomprehensible speech via speckle pattern analysis.","authors":"Natalya Segal, Zeev Kalyuzhner, Sergey Agdarov, Yafim Beiderman, Yevgeny Beiderman, Zeev Zalevsky","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.6.067001","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.6.067001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Functional magnetic resonance imaging provides high spatial resolution but is limited by cost, infrastructure, and the constraints of an enclosed scanner. Portable methods such as functional near-infrared spectroscopy and electroencephalography improve accessibility but require physical contact with the scalp. Our speckle pattern imaging technique offers a remote, contactless, and low-cost alternative for monitoring cortical activity, enabling neuroimaging in environments where contact-based methods are impractical or MRI access is unfeasible.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aim to develop a remote photonic technique for detecting human brain cortex activity by applying deep learning to the speckle pattern videos captured from specific brain cortex areas illuminated by a laser beam.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>We enhance laser speckle pattern tracking with artificial intelligence (AI) to enable remote brain monitoring. In this study, a laser beam was projected onto Wernicke's area to detect brain responses to a clear and incomprehensible speech. The speckle pattern videos were analyzed using a convolutional long short-term memory-based deep neural network classifier.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The classifier distinguished brain responses to a clear and incomprehensible speech in unseen subjects, achieving a mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (area under the curve) of 0.94 for classifications based on at least 1 s of input.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This remote method for distinguishing brain responses has practical applications in brain function research, medical monitoring, sports, and real-life scenarios, particularly for individuals sensitive to scalp contact or headgear.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 6","pages":"067001"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12148044/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal optical coherence tomography and two-photon light sheet fluorescence microscopy for embryo imaging.","authors":"Md Mobarak Karim, Ruijiao Sun, Behzad Khajavi, Manmohan Singh, Yogeshwari S Ambekar, Alexander W Schill, Salavat R Aglyamov, David Mayerich, Kirill V Larin","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.6.060501","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.6.060501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Structural and molecular imaging of the developing embryo can provide deep insights into the development of various pathologies, but few techniques enable the simultaneous detection of these parameters. We demonstrate the first use of combined optical coherence tomography and two-photon light sheet fluorescence microscopy (2P-LSFM) for simultaneous structural and molecular imaging.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aim to develop a multimodal high-resolution embryonic system that facilitates simultaneous structural and molecular embryonic imaging.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>We have developed a multimodal imaging system in which the optical coherence tomography (OCT) and light sheet illumination beams were optically co-aligned and scanned through the galvanometer-mounted mirrors and the same illumination objective.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The swept-source OCT system provides a lateral resolution of <math><mrow><mo>∼</mo> <mn>15</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>m</mi></mrow> </math> and an axial resolution of <math><mrow><mo>∼</mo> <mn>7</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>m</mi></mrow> </math> . The 2P-LSFM light sheet thickness was <math><mrow><mo>∼</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>m</mi></mrow> </math> , and the transverse resolution was <math><mrow><mo>∼</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>m</mi></mrow> </math> . We have demonstrated the system's capabilities using fluorescent microbeads and fluorescently tagged mouse embryos.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The co-alignment of the OCT and 2P-LSFM systems enables simple image registration and high-throughput multimodal imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 6","pages":"060501"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12152587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resorbable optical fibers for interstitial photodynamic therapy-assessment of photosensitizer spatial distribution in tumors.","authors":"Jawad T Pandayil, Stefan Šušnjar, Muhammad Daniyal Ghauri, Sanathana Konugolu Venkata Sekar, Johannes Swartling, Davide Janner, Nadia G Boetti, Nina Reistad","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.5.058001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.30.5.058001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Optical-quality bioresorbable implants, which gradually dissolve within the body, are gaining increasing interest due to their potential to eliminate the need for revision surgeries. These implants show significant promise in treating deep-seated tumors in high-risk areas, such as the brain, and offer extended capabilities for monitoring interstitial physiological parameters or pharmacokinetics through photonic technologies.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>A proof-of-principle validation has been conducted on calcium phosphate glass (CPG)-based bioresorbable optical fibers to assess their capability to monitor the spatial distribution of photosensitizing (PS) drugs in tumors-an essential parameter to optimize for enhanced treatment outcomes in photodynamic therapy (PDT).</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong><i>Ex vivo</i> validation was performed on liquid phantoms with solid tumor-mimicking inclusions containing the fluorescent PS drug. In-house developed bioresorbable fibers, with optical characteristics similar to silica fibers used in current PDT systems, were utilized. For the first time, these fibers were used for the interstitial acquisition of fluorescent signals, followed by the tomographic reconstruction of the drug distribution in the phantom. The results were compared with those obtained from a standard clinical system equipped with silica fibers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The reconstructed drug distribution with bioresorbable fibers agreed with that obtained using the same system with standard silica fibers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We reveal the potential of further exploring CPG bioresorbable optical fibers for interstitial PDT.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 5","pages":"058001"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12076020/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}