Journal of Biomedical Optics最新文献

{"title":"<i>In vivo</i> assessment of airway wall compliance during inhalation injury response using anatomical optical coherence elastography.","authors":"Yinghan Xu, Srikamal Soundararajan, Scott H Randell, Nicusor Iftimia, Gopi Maguluri, John Grimble, Carlton J Zdanski, Amy L Oldenburg","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.7.076001","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.7.076001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Inhalation injury, a critical complication in patients with severe burns, contributes substantially to morbidity and mortality. Current diagnostic practices suffer from subjectivity and lack quantitative metrics. Enhanced diagnostic accuracy is imperative for improving treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Our objective was to develop normalized cross-sectional compliance (nCsC) of the airway wall, as measured by anatomical optical coherence tomography (aOCT), to reflect the severity of trachea inhalation injury.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>We employed a customized aOCT system that incorporates an intraluminal pressure probe to assess nCsC <i>in vivo</i> in pigs subjected to steam-induced inhalation injuries. Multiple steam intensity levels of injury were induced, and nCsC was measured from the carina to the larynx at time points up to 6 h using aOCT. Histological analysis was performed post-mortem.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We revealed that airway wall nCsC decreased initially after injury but exhibited recovery at 4 h. This is supported by ANOVA results showing that nCsC was significantly influenced by time ( <math><mrow><mi>p</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.002</mn></mrow> </math> ). Linear regression indicated that nCsC was negatively correlated with anatomical position ( <math><mrow><mi>p</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.047</mn></mrow> </math> ), whereas histological injury grade was positively correlated with position ( <math><mrow><mi>p</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0.015</mn></mrow> </math> ). In other words, nCsC decreased and injury grading increased when closer to the site of steam introduction.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Airway wall nCsC is a promising quantitative metric for assessing inhalation injury. Future translation of this aOCT-based technology to humans may potentially enhance clinical management of inhalation injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 7","pages":"076001"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12223793/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144575559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser coagulation of blood vessels at 454 nm wavelength for neurosurgical interventions.","authors":"Christina Giesen, Elisa Jarry, Lazar Bochvarov, Achim Lenenbach","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.7.078001","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.7.078001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>In neurosurgery, where operations take place near tissue structures with high functionality, precise devices for microsurgical procedures such as blood vessel coagulation are crucial. Currently, bipolar forceps that deliver up to 60 W with high alternating current are used for vascular coagulation (hemostasis) to thermally seal blood vessels and stop bleeding. However, the high current can disturb electrophysiological monitoring and cause nerve damage from heat spread.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Therefore, a safer and more efficient microsurgical procedure is required to seal individual blood vessels.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>Our approach uses a wavelength of 454 nm, which closely matches the hemoglobin absorption peak to directly heat the blood and avoid thermal damage to surrounding tissue. In experiments on blood vessels at the vascular tree of pig hearts, occlusion rates of different vessel diameters, the thermal damage, and the dynamics of the coagulation process using optical coherence tomography were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings show that laser radiation of 454 nm wavelength can reliably coagulate vessels up to <math><mrow><mn>400</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>m</mi></mrow> </math> in diameter with small thermal damage zones. Further research will be necessary to occlude larger vessels with a blood pressure of more than 120 mmHg.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, we present a laser process that can fundamentally improve the safety and operation time in neurosurgical interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 7","pages":"078001"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12266081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144649592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automatic photoacoustic monitoring of perinatal brain hypoxia with superior sagittal sinus detection.","authors":"Baichuan Jiang, Ernest Graham, Mathias Unberath, Russell H Taylor, Raymond C Koehler, Jeeun Kang, Emad M Boctor","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.7.076004","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.7.076004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Despite advances in perinatal medicine over decades, perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) remains a significant cause of fetal cerebral palsy and can lead to other severe medical sequelae or death. Therefore, it is highly desirable to effectively detect brain hypoxia during labor and postnatally for HIE management.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We recently validated the feasibility of transcranial photoacoustic (PA) imaging for oxyhemoglobin saturation measurement at the superior sagittal sinus ( <math> <mrow> <msub><mrow><mi>O</mi></mrow> <mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> </msub> <msub><mrow><mi>Sat</mi></mrow> <mrow><mi>ss</mi></mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> ) in the neonatal piglet brain, at which overall oxygen supply status can be reflected as a primary collective vein. We aim to automate the PA-based workflow of at-risk subject detection and enable fully autonomous and continuous perinatal monitoring.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>We proposed a two-step algorithm that focuses on the most informative region of the brain for oxygenation status, the superior sagittal sinus (SSS). First, a convolutional neural network (U-Net) is trained to detect the location of SSS in the coronal cross-section PA images. Then, an optimized region of interest patch around the predicted SSS location is cropped from the spectral unmixed image and averaged as the <math> <mrow> <msub><mrow><mi>O</mi></mrow> <mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> </msub> <msub><mrow><mi>Sat</mi></mrow> <mrow><mi>ss</mi></mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> measurement. A confidence score can be computed for the measurement via Monte Carlo dropout (MCD), which infers the prediction uncertainty for better clinical decision-making.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The algorithm was evaluated on an <i>in vivo</i> piglet brain imaging dataset containing 84 independent experimental settings from 10 piglet subjects. A 10-fold leave-one-subject-out cross-validation experiment reports 85.2% sensitivity and 93.3% specificity for healthy/hypoxia classification with an <math><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow> </math> -squared value of 0.708 and a confidence score of 94.06% based on MCD computation, well agreed with our ground-truth given by blood gas measurements.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The proposed automatic <math> <mrow> <msub><mrow><mi>O</mi></mrow> <mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> </msub> <msub><mrow><mi>Sat</mi></mrow> <mrow><mi>ss</mi></mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> monitoring solution demonstrated a hypoxia detection capability comparable to the human expert manual annotation on the same task. We concluded with high feasibility for a noninvasive PA-based continuous monitoring of the perinatal brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 7","pages":"076004"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12245645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144626490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Terahertz Mie scattering in tissue: diffuse polarimetric imaging and Monte Carlo validation in highly attenuating media models.","authors":"Erica Heller, Kuangyi Xu, Zachery B Harris, M Hassan Arbab","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.6.066001","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.6.066001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Changes in the structure of tissue occur in many disease processes, such as the boundaries of cancerous tumors and burn injuries. Spectroscopic and polarimetric alterations of terahertz light caused by Mie scattering patterns have the potential to be a diagnostic marker.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We present an analysis of Monte Carlo simulation of Mie scattering of polarized terahertz light from cancerous tumor budding, compare the simulation with experimental results obtained in phantom models, and present an analysis of a polarization-sensitive terahertz scan of an <i>ex vivo</i> porcine burn injury.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>Using a Monte Carlo simulation, we modeled the changes in diffuse intensity and degree of polarization of broadband off-specular terahertz light due to scattering particles in highly attenuating tissue. We extracted the Mueller matrix of the tissue using this model and analyzed the Lu-Chipman product decomposition matrices. We compared this model with experimental data from four phantoms consisting of polypropylene particles of varying sizes embedded in gelatin. Finally, we induced a full-thickness burn injury in <i>ex vivo</i> porcine skin samples and compared experimental data captured over burned and healthy regions of the tissue.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Simulation revealed contrast in the Stokes vectors and Mueller Matrix elements for varying scattering particle sizes. Experimental phantom results showed contrast between different sizes of scattering particles in degree of polarization and diffuse intensity in agreement with Monte Carlo simulation results. Finally, we demonstrated a similar diffused imaging signal contrast between burned and healthy regions of <i>ex vivo</i> porcine skin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Polarimetric terahertz imaging has the potential to detect structural changes due to biological disease processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 6","pages":"066001"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12135335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined optical-electromechanical wearable sensors for cardiac health monitoring.","authors":"Michal Katan, Rui M R Pinto, Shiran Arol-Wiegand, Bar Atuar, Alon Tzroya, Hamootal Duadi, K B Vinayakumar, Dror Fixler","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.6.067002","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.6.067002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Integrating multiple biosensors improves the sensitivity and precision of physiological measurements in healthcare monitoring. By combining sensors that target different physiological parameters, a more comprehensive assessment of a subject's health can be achieved.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We evaluate the performance of two biosensors for extracting cardiac parameters: a textile-based strain sensor for measuring respiratory rate and an optical sensor for measuring heart rate, <math> <mrow> <msub><mrow><mi>SpO</mi></mrow> <mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> , and respiratory rate. The objective is to determine optimal placement conditions for each sensor and assess their feasibility for integration into a single wearable system.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>Two experimental setups were tested. In the first, the strain sensor was placed on the subject's shirt, while the optical sensor was positioned on the external wrist. In the second, both sensors were placed on the chest, under the shirt. The accuracy and performance of each sensor were analyzed in both configurations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optical sensor demonstrated improved accuracy when placed on the chest compared to the wrist, whereas the strain sensor provided similar results for both configurations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We demonstrate that sensor placement significantly affects measurement quality, emphasizing the importance of optimizing placement when integrating multiple biosensors. Future work will focus on developing a unified wearable system that leverages the strengths of both sensors for comprehensive physiological monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 6","pages":"067002"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12152588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indocyanine green angiography processing and analysis pipeline for the assessment of indeterminate burn wounds.","authors":"Héctor A García, Mary I Junak, Bailey Donahue, Aiping Liu, Adam Uselmann, Brian W Pogue, Angela L F Gibson","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.6.065002","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.6.065002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Determining the depth of injury in burn wounds is critical to inform surgical decision-making and enhance outcomes. Clinical assessment yields poor accuracy in the early post-burn period, and histologic analysis of biopsies (the gold standard) is time-consuming and clinically unfeasible. Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) has provided very promising results; however, the evidence is still limited, and the details on instrumentation, measurement setup, and data processing/analysis (when reported) are considerably heterogeneous.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>A processing and analysis pipeline was developed to interpret ICGA data from experimental burn studies in a way that provides objective, generalizable, and reproducible interpretation.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>Different burns were created on the dorsal aspect of adult pigs, and ICGA was performed. ICGA measurements were then compared with different processing steps. Features were extracted from the indocyanine green angiography (ICG) kinetics curves at specific regions of interests and ran individual and group analyses to decide on the wound severity. To this end, the features were analyzed both separately and groupwise.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The repeatability of the study was enhanced by processing steps where ICG curves were normalized by their area under the curve (AUC). Peak value ( <math> <mrow><msub><mi>I</mi> <mi>MAX</mi></msub> </mrow> </math> ), residual AUC (rAUC), mean transit time (MTT), full width at half maximum (FWHM), and ingress ( <math> <mrow><msub><mi>s</mi> <mn>1</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> ) and egress ( <math> <mrow><msub><mi>s</mi> <mn>2</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> ) slopes presented the strongest correlation with burn severity. MTT and FWHM were almost independent of the processing steps included in the pipeline, providing high reliability between imaging sessions and inter-subject comparisons. Superficial burns presented significantly higher <math> <mrow> <msub><mrow><mi>I</mi></mrow> <mrow><mi>MAX</mi></mrow> </msub> </mrow> </math> , rAUC, <math> <mrow><msub><mi>s</mi> <mn>1</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> , and <math> <mrow><msub><mi>s</mi> <mn>2</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> , as well as lower FWHM, when compared with the ICG kinetics from normal tissue, whereas the contrary happens for deep burns.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We highlight the utility of a pre-processing step and judicious choice of parameters to use when interpreting ICGA data from indeterminate depth burn wounds to maximize the accuracy in severity estimation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 6","pages":"065002"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12184791/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144475408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structured light imaging mesoscopy: detection of embedded morphological changes in superficial tissues.","authors":"Mahsa Parsanasab, Aarohi Mahesh Mehendale, Kavon Karrobi, Darren Roblyer, Vasan Venugopalan","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.6.065001","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.6.065001","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Significance: &lt;/strong&gt;Current paradigms for the optical characterization of layered tissues involve explicit consideration of an inverse problem which is often ill-posed and whose resolution may retain significant uncertainty. Here, we present an alternative approach, structured light imaging mesoscopy (SLIM), that leverages the inherent sensitivity of raw spatial frequency domain (SFD) reflectance measurements for the detection of embedded subsurface scattering changes in tissue.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim: &lt;/strong&gt;We identify wavelength-spatial frequency ( &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;λ&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mtext&gt;-&lt;/mtext&gt; &lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;f&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/msub&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; ) combinations that provide optimal sensitivity of SFD reflectance changes originating from scattering changes in an embedded tissue layer. We specifically consider the effects of scattering changes in the superficial dermis which is a key locus of pathology for diverse skin conditions such as cancer, aging, and scleroderma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Approach: &lt;/strong&gt;We used Monte Carlo simulations in a four-layer skin model to analyze the SFD reflectance changes resulting from changes in superficial dermal scattering across wavelength ( &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;λ&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;471&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; to 851 nm) and spatial frequency ( &lt;math&gt; &lt;mrow&gt; &lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;f&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/msub&gt; &lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; to 0.5/mm). Within this model, we consider different values for epidermal melanin concentration to simulate variations in skin tone.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Monte Carlo simulations revealed that scattering changes within the superficial dermis produce SFD reflectance changes which are maximized at specific ( &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;λ&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mtext&gt;-&lt;/mtext&gt; &lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;f&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/msub&gt; &lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; ) pairs and vary with skin tone. For light skin tones, SFD reflectance changes due to scattering reductions in the superficial dermis are maximized at &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;λ&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;621&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mtext&gt;  &lt;/mtext&gt; &lt;mi&gt;nm&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; and spatial frequency &lt;math&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;f&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt; &lt;mo&gt;≈&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;0.33&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mi&gt;mm&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; . By contrast, for darker skin tones, maximal SFD reflectance changes occur at wavelengths in the near-infrared ( &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;λ&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mo&gt;≥&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;811&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mtext&gt;  &lt;/mtext&gt; &lt;mi&gt;nm&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; ) at a spatial frequency of &lt;math&gt; &lt;mrow&gt; &lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;f&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/msub&gt; &lt;mo&gt;≈&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;0.25&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mi&gt;mm&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; . Interestingly, the change in SFD reflectance produced by such scattering changes is most uniform across all skin tones when using the longest wavelength tested ( &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;λ&lt;/mi&gt; &lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;851&lt;/mn&gt; &lt;mtext&gt;  &lt;/mtext&gt; &lt;mi&gt;nm&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/math&gt; ) and a spatial frequency of &lt;math&gt; &lt;mrow&gt; &lt;msub&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;f&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;x&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt; &lt;/msub&gt; &lt;mo&gt;≈&lt;/mo&gt; &lt;mn&gt;0.22&lt;/mn","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 6","pages":"065001"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12175002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144325891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Ex vivo</i> investigation of a smart endotracheal tube for identifying esophageal intubation.","authors":"Brett Gadsby, Sergiy Korposh, Ricardo Correia, Chenyang He, Barrie R Hayes-Gill, Andrew M Norris, Jonathan G Hardman, David W Hewson, Stephen P Morgan","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.6.067003","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.6.067003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Unrecognized intubation of the esophagus instead of the trachea results in rapid and severe consequences for the patient. Utilizing the spectral properties of the tissues could reduce incidents of these events.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aim to investigate the design and implementation of a smart endotracheal tube (ETT) with integrated optical fiber sensors to distinguish esophageal and tracheal tissues.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>Computational methods are investigated to characterize and classify nine pairs of <i>ex vivo</i> porcine organs using spectral properties. Two classifiers [ <math><mrow><mi>K</mi></mrow> </math> -nearest neighbor and linear discriminant analysis (LDA)] are investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the tissues sampled, 100% are correctly distinguished, with LDA being the preferred choice when considering both performance and applicability.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In clinical practice, this approach offers a method for confirming correct tracheal intubation using the spectral properties of the tissues, performed in a single step with no other invasive medical device than the ETT required to detect the spectral measurements.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 6","pages":"067003"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12165595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-powered remote monitoring of brain responses to clear and incomprehensible speech via speckle pattern analysis.","authors":"Natalya Segal, Zeev Kalyuzhner, Sergey Agdarov, Yafim Beiderman, Yevgeny Beiderman, Zeev Zalevsky","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.6.067001","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.6.067001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Functional magnetic resonance imaging provides high spatial resolution but is limited by cost, infrastructure, and the constraints of an enclosed scanner. Portable methods such as functional near-infrared spectroscopy and electroencephalography improve accessibility but require physical contact with the scalp. Our speckle pattern imaging technique offers a remote, contactless, and low-cost alternative for monitoring cortical activity, enabling neuroimaging in environments where contact-based methods are impractical or MRI access is unfeasible.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aim to develop a remote photonic technique for detecting human brain cortex activity by applying deep learning to the speckle pattern videos captured from specific brain cortex areas illuminated by a laser beam.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>We enhance laser speckle pattern tracking with artificial intelligence (AI) to enable remote brain monitoring. In this study, a laser beam was projected onto Wernicke's area to detect brain responses to a clear and incomprehensible speech. The speckle pattern videos were analyzed using a convolutional long short-term memory-based deep neural network classifier.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The classifier distinguished brain responses to a clear and incomprehensible speech in unseen subjects, achieving a mean area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (area under the curve) of 0.94 for classifications based on at least 1 s of input.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This remote method for distinguishing brain responses has practical applications in brain function research, medical monitoring, sports, and real-life scenarios, particularly for individuals sensitive to scalp contact or headgear.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 6","pages":"067001"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12148044/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144258171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal optical coherence tomography and two-photon light sheet fluorescence microscopy for embryo imaging.","authors":"Md Mobarak Karim, Ruijiao Sun, Behzad Khajavi, Manmohan Singh, Yogeshwari S Ambekar, Alexander W Schill, Salavat R Aglyamov, David Mayerich, Kirill V Larin","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.6.060501","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.30.6.060501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Structural and molecular imaging of the developing embryo can provide deep insights into the development of various pathologies, but few techniques enable the simultaneous detection of these parameters. We demonstrate the first use of combined optical coherence tomography and two-photon light sheet fluorescence microscopy (2P-LSFM) for simultaneous structural and molecular imaging.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aim to develop a multimodal high-resolution embryonic system that facilitates simultaneous structural and molecular embryonic imaging.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>We have developed a multimodal imaging system in which the optical coherence tomography (OCT) and light sheet illumination beams were optically co-aligned and scanned through the galvanometer-mounted mirrors and the same illumination objective.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The swept-source OCT system provides a lateral resolution of <math><mrow><mo>∼</mo> <mn>15</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>m</mi></mrow> </math> and an axial resolution of <math><mrow><mo>∼</mo> <mn>7</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>m</mi></mrow> </math> . The 2P-LSFM light sheet thickness was <math><mrow><mo>∼</mo> <mn>10</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>m</mi></mrow> </math> , and the transverse resolution was <math><mrow><mo>∼</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>μ</mi> <mi>m</mi></mrow> </math> . We have demonstrated the system's capabilities using fluorescent microbeads and fluorescently tagged mouse embryos.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The co-alignment of the OCT and 2P-LSFM systems enables simple image registration and high-throughput multimodal imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"30 6","pages":"060501"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12152587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}