Journal of Biomedical Optics最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing the efficiency of achieving optical transparency in live animals using absorbing molecules.","authors":"Ting Sun, Jing Su, Yanjie Zhao, Xin Tie","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.31.5.054702","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.31.5.054702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong><i>In vivo</i> optical imaging is crucial for studying disease mechanisms but is limited by light scattering and poor penetration in biological tissues. While tissue-clearing reagents (hydrophilic/hydrophobic) and bioluminescent probes improve imaging, achieving effective optical transparency in live tissues remains a challenge. This study builds on recent work using absorbing dyes (tartrazine and 4-aminoantipyrine) to enhance <i>in vivo</i> tissue clearing, aiming to optimize efficacy and biosafety.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aimed to develop a mixed solution of tartrazine and 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AA) that improves optical transparency, accelerates clearing, and reduces toxicity compared to individual dyes, enabling safer and more efficient deep-tissue imaging in live animals.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>The study employed a multi-pronged experimental approach: solution optimization involved testing varying ratios of tartrazine and 4-AA (5:1, 10:1) to characterize their optical properties through UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy and refractive-index measurements, while simultaneously evaluating <i>ex vivo</i> skin-clearing efficacy; <i>in vivo</i> validation was conducted by applying the optimized gels to depilated mouse skin and systematically recording key parameters including transparency-onset time, maximum clearing duration, and light transmittance; concurrent biosafety assessments monitored critical health indicators such as animal survival rates, longitudinal weight changes, and liver/kidney function markers [alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and creatinine (CREA)] during the post-treatment period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The optimized mixed solutions (5:1 and 10:1 tartrazine:4-AA ratios) demonstrated superior clearing efficiency, achieving faster tissue transparency than tartrazine alone while matching the performance of 4-AA but with significantly reduced toxicity. Optical characterization revealed stable refractive indices ( <math><mrow><mo>∼</mo> <mn>1.42</mn></mrow> </math> ) and strong absorption across visible/NIR wavelengths for all formulations. While 4-AA alone exhibited severe hepatorenal toxicity and 100% mortality (3/3 mice), the 5:1 mixed solution maintained efficacy with no mortality and only mild ALT/AST elevation. Transmittance measurements showed 4-AA gels achieved <math><mrow><mo>∼</mo> <mn>40</mn> <mo>%</mo></mrow> </math> light transmission, whereas mixed gels reached <math><mrow><mo>∼</mo> <mn>15</mn> <mo>%</mo></mrow> </math> due to tartrazine's residual absorption in the red-NIR spectrum, suggesting an optimal balance between clearing performance and biosafety in the composite formulations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The 5:1 tartrazine:4-AA cocktail optimally balances speed, clarity, and biosafety, advancing <i>in vivo</i> tissue-clearing technology. This strategy addresses key limitations of stand-alone dyes and expands potential ap","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"31 5","pages":"054702"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12904770/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146201812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the sensitivity limit of ICG imaging in the presence of tissue autofluorescence.","authors":"Yuriy Belozerov, Jorge Ripoll, Ilya Turchin","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.31.5.056001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.31.5.056001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Fluorescent imaging (FI) using indocyanine green (ICG) is a powerful tool in medical diagnostics and surgery. Although numerous studies have focused on optimizing injection protocols and suppressing excitation light leakage, tissue autofluorescence has not been widely recognized as a fundamental factor limiting sensitivity.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aim to quantitatively determine the sensitivity limit for ICG detection in biological tissues, accounting for background signals from both scattered excitation light and tissue autofluorescence.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>We combine experiments on tissue phantoms with varying ICG concentrations and Monte Carlo numerical simulation of light transport in media with different optical properties. Human skin autofluorescence was quantified <i>in vivo</i> using a nonfluorescent reference and a model medium with a known ICG concentration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was established that skin autofluorescence is the dominant source of background, exceeding the scattered light by 4 to 25 times in the imaging system used. The determined ultimate sensitivity for ICG detection in biological tissue is <math><mrow><mn>8</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow> <mrow><mo>-</mo> <mn>12</mn></mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math> to <math><mrow><mn>3</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow> <mrow><mo>-</mo> <mn>11</mn></mrow> </msup> <mtext>  </mtext> <mi>M</mi></mrow> </math> when accounting for the autofluorescence signal.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Tissue autofluorescence is a fundamental factor limiting the sensitivity of ICG FI in the near-infrared range. The developed approach will allow for future optimization of imaging equipment and protocols for ICG and other contrast agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"31 5","pages":"056001"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13138607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147838538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High dynamic range shortwave infrared imaging of mice with an InGaAs camera.","authors":"Amish Patel, Xingjian Zhong, Mallory Moffett, Yidan Sun, Allison M Dennis","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.31.5.054704","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.31.5.054704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Although shortwave infrared (SWIR) imaging provides superior tissue penetration and reduced autofluorescence for preclinical applications, quantitative fluorescence analysis is hindered by the limited dynamic range (DR) of InGaAs cameras, forcing a focus on either bright or dim anatomical features.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We develop a high dynamic range (HDR) imaging method specifically adapted for the high-noise characteristics of InGaAs detectors to enable quantitative fluorescence imaging across wide intensity ranges. We demonstrate that one-time camera calibration based on a series of images encompassing the range of radiance intensities enables all subsequent image processing.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>We modified classical HDR algorithms with exposure-time-dependent dark current subtraction, preprocessing to exclude saturated and noisy pixels before camera response function recovery, and dynamic weighting range adjustment to account for shrinking intensity ranges at longer exposures. High dynamic range image processing effects on preclinical imaging outcomes were analyzed using indocyanine green and SWIR-emitting PbS/CdS quantum dots in mouse models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>High dynamic range imaging achieved a 22-dB improvement in DR over single exposures, enabling simultaneous quantification across more than three orders of magnitude of fluorophore concentration. <i>In vivo</i> studies showed improvements in contrast-to-noise ratios across all anatomical features, with improvements in vascular contrast while maintaining quantitative accuracy. After one-time camera calibrations, this approach enables rapid processing of subsequent datasets.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This software-based HDR SWIR imaging approach eliminates exposure parameter optimization and enables comprehensive biodistribution analysis across all anatomical structures from a single acquisition sequence, significantly streamlining preclinical imaging workflows while preserving quantitative accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"31 5","pages":"054704"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13067109/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147672868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining label-free Raman spectroscopy and machine learning to identify early biomarkers of COVID-19 disease severity and mortality.","authors":"Maryam Heidarifard, Katherine Ember, Frédérick Dallaire, Elsa Brunet-Ratnasingham, Yiheng Chen, Nassim Ksantini, Myriam Mahfoud, Guillaume Sheehy, Hugo Soudeyns, Philippe Jouvet, Sze Man Tse, Caroline Quach, Brent Richards, Daniel E Kaufmann, Frédéric Leblond, Mathieu Dehaes","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.31.4.046005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.31.4.046005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Early prediction of COVID-19 severity and mortality is crucial for optimizing clinical care and patient outcomes, but remains challenging.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aim to develop a screening tool combining label-free Raman spectroscopy and machine learning modeling to predict COVID-19 severity and mortality.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>Patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 ( <math><mrow><mi>N</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>58</mn></mrow> </math> ) were recruited during the first wave of COVID-19 and stratified based on respiratory support. Blood samples were collected during hospitalization and analyzed using Raman spectroscopy and metabolomics. Machine learning models based on Raman spectra were developed to classify (1) survivors versus nonsurvivors, (2) critical patients with noninvasive versus invasive ventilation, and (3) noncritical (no respiratory support or oxygen via nasal cannula) versus critical patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Raman peaks assigned to proteins, glucose, lactic acid, fatty acids, urea, and lipids were extracted by the models. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranged between 0.83 and 0.94, with sensitivities and specificities ranging between 80% and 83% and 75% and 92%, respectively. Accuracy for detecting mortality, invasive ventilation, and critical disease was 90%, 87%, and 78%. A complementary metabolomic analysis confirmed some molecular differences between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest the potential of Raman spectroscopy and machine learning modeling to stratify COVID-19 patients at admission, individualize care, and improve survival rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"31 4","pages":"046005"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13082742/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147698861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient denoising in LED-based optoacoustic tomography with squeeze-and-excitation deep convolutional networks.","authors":"Yuan Xu, Xiang Liu, Xosé Luis Deán-Ben, Sandeep Kumar Kalva, Daniel Razansky","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.31.4.046003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.31.4.046003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Low-cost optoacoustic imaging based on light-emitting diodes (LEDs) offers an affordable alternative to traditional laser-based systems, potentially broadening the reach of this technology into resource-limited settings. However, LEDs are only able to excite very weak optoacoustic responses, which leads to prominent noise artifacts in the reconstructed images.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aim to mitigate noise-related artifacts in LED-based optoacoustic tomography and thereby enhance the image quality and usability of these low-cost systems.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>We propose a squeeze-and-excitation U-Net-based model (SE-UNet) for noise artifact reduction. The network incorporates a VGG19 convolutional neural network mid-layer feature extractor as a loss evaluation module. It is trained on noisy data paired with high-quality reference images generated using a conventional solid-state pulsed laser source.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our model achieves consistent improvements on no-reference image-quality metrics (NIQE and BRISQUE) and in the contrast-to-noise ratio, effectively reducing noise artifacts while preserving image structure and details. In addition, it exhibits a rapid processing time of <math><mrow><mo>∼</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mrow><mtext> </mtext></mrow> <mrow><mtext> </mtext></mrow> <mi>ms</mi></mrow> </math> per <math><mrow><mn>480</mn> <mo>×</mo> <mn>480</mn> <mrow><mtext> </mtext></mrow> <mrow><mtext> </mtext></mrow> <mrow><mtext>pixel</mtext></mrow> </mrow> </math> image on a GTX 2070 GPU, utilizing 627 MB of memory.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results highlight the potential of the proposed SE-UNet model for optimizing the performance of LED-based optoacoustic imaging systems, offering both high efficiency and improved image quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"31 4","pages":"046003"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13037428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147592301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noninvasive diffuse optical monitoring of cerebral blood flow and oxygenation responses to intermittent hypoxia in neonatal rats.","authors":"Pegah Safavi, Mehrana Mohtasebi, Chowdhury Azimul Haque, Faezeh Akbari, Xuhui Liu, Yiqi Yuan, Li Chen, Lei Chen, Guoqiang Yu","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.31.4.047001","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.31.4.047001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is common in preterm neonates and can cause hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Simultaneous monitoring of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygenation is essential to detect oxygen delivery-extraction mismatches and guide intervention.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aimed to adapt and test an innovative diffuse speckle contrast flow oximetry (DSCFO) system for continuous monitoring of cerebral hemodynamics during IH in neonatal rats, a model approximating human neonates.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>Two compact laser diodes and a miniature CMOS camera were integrated into a fiber-free probe for continuous monitoring of changes in relative CBF (rCBF) and oxy- and deoxy-hemoglobin concentrations (Δ[HbO₂] and Δ[Hb]) in 8-day-old neonatal rats. Sham rats ( <math><mrow><mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>6</mn></mrow> </math> ) underwent 10 min of normoxia, whereas IH rats ( <math><mrow><mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>8</mn></mrow> </math> ) experienced 10 cycles of sequential 2-min hypoxia (8% O₂) and 2-min hyperoxia (100% <math> <mrow><msub><mi>O</mi> <mn>2</mn></msub> </mrow> </math> ).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sham rats maintained stable cerebral hemodynamics under normoxia, whereas IH rats exhibited pronounced periodic fluctuations during IH. Hypoxic episodes caused instantaneous decreases in rCBF and <math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi> <mo>[</mo> <msub><mi>HbO</mi> <mn>2</mn></msub> <mo>]</mo></mrow> </math> and increases in <math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi> <mo>[</mo> <mi>Hb</mi> <mo>]</mo></mrow> </math> , whereas hyperoxic episodes reversed these effects, reducing hypoxic stress. However, the pronounced cerebral hemodynamic fluctuations during IH may still contribute to brain injury.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We demonstrate an affordable, noninvasive, wearable, fiber-free DSCFO system for continuous monitoring of rCBF, <math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi> <mo>[</mo> <msub><mi>HbO</mi> <mn>2</mn></msub> <mo>]</mo></mrow> </math> , and <math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi> <mo>[</mo> <mi>Hb</mi> <mo>]</mo></mrow> </math> during IH in neonatal rats. The system captured hypoxia-induced cerebral deoxygenation and hyperoxia-driven recovery, revealing episode-dependent protective and disruptive mechanisms. Future work will correlate DSCFO findings with neurological and histological outcomes to guide IH interventions in large neonatal animal models and human infants.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"31 4","pages":"047001"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13086530/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147722956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeatability and reliability of retinal arterial hemodynamics measurement using Doppler holography.","authors":"Olivier R Martinache, Robert L Draham, Valerie C Snyder, Jay Chhablani, José-Alain Sahel, Ethan A Rossi, Michael Atlan","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.31.4.046001","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.31.4.046001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Reliable quantification of retinal arterial blood flow is important for diagnosing and monitoring ocular and systemic diseases. Existing techniques are limited by invasiveness, motion artifacts, or a lack of quantitative flow estimation.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim is to assess the repeatability, reproducibility, and robustness of laser Doppler holography (LDH) for measuring retinal arterial hemodynamics.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>We acquired LDH data at 67 kHz in healthy volunteers (14 eyes intra-day and 4 eyes inter-day) and quantified blood volume rate, resistivity index (RI), and vessel diameter. Additional measurements evaluated sensitivity to axial displacement and gaze lateral positioning.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>LDH successfully measured retinal arterial blood volume rate in all eyes, with a coefficient of variation (CoV) of 18.5% for the mean arterial blood volume rate and a CoV of 11% for RI. Inter-day reproducibility remained acceptable ( <math><mrow><mi>CoV</mi> <mo>≈</mo> <mn>20</mn> <mo>%</mo></mrow> </math> ). The mean arterial diameter estimation showed a CoV of <math><mrow><mo><</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo>%</mo></mrow> </math> . Moderate axial or lateral shifts introduced small changes in hemodynamic values ( <math><mrow><mo><</mo> <mn>15</mn> <mo>%</mo></mrow> </math> CoV) compared with inter- or intra-day tests.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>LDH provides reliable and robust measurements of retinal arterial hemodynamics and maintains performance under typical imaging variations (axial or gaze position). These findings support its potential for longitudinal studies and future clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"31 4","pages":"046001"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13009143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147512335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal PSOCT-NIRS catheter for guided ablation of atrial fibrillation.","authors":"Michael Douglass, Reza Mohammadpour, Walter Hoyt, Ohad Ziv, Kenneth R Laurita, Christine Hendon, Andrew M Rollins","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.31.4.046004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.31.4.046004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Atrial fibrillation is treated with thermal ablation to isolate ectopic signals. Although this is the current standard of care, recurrence occurs in up to 40% of cases. Clinicians have no reliable way to predict treatment durability intraoperatively. Adding the capability of direct optical measurement of the tissue to an ablation catheter could help better guide the treatment.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>A radiofrequency ablation catheter was developed with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PSOCT) and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to demonstrate, for the first time, simultaneous monitoring of thermal lesion formation.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>We fabricated the multimodal PSOCT-NIRS ablation catheter and validated optical metrics using known targets of tissue-like phantom, deoxygenated blood, and atrial tissue. We then demonstrated recording PSOCT and NIRS data during <i>ex vivo</i> ablation of swine atria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PSOCT-NIRS metrics showed expected values in known targets. Measurements during ablation also exhibited previously reported patterns-OCT scattering increases, PSOCT birefringence decreases, and NIRS lesion optical index increases. Furthermore, simultaneous measurement revealed varying rates of change and magnitudes of response to different powers of thermal ablation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PSOCT-NIRS can measure tissue response to thermal energy delivery, and the optical metrics are complementary. By collecting more information during thermal energy delivery, PSOCT-NIRS metrics could contribute to understanding treatment durability in future investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"31 4","pages":"046004"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13053061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147633478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polarized hyperspectral and polarized light microscopic imaging for enhanced visualization of white blood cells.","authors":"Ximing Zhou, Hasan K Mubarak, Ling Ma, Edward A Medina, Bradley B Brimhall, Marisa Whitted, Doreen Palsgrove, Madhu Shrestha, Baowei Fei","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.31.4.046501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.31.4.046501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>White blood cells (WBC) are hematopoietic cells of the immune system that protect the body by recognizing and eliminating infectious agents. Abnormalities in WBC production, maturation, or function can lead to disease and associated morphologic changes that, when systematically characterized, support diagnostic classification and clinical decision-making.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aim to investigate polarized hyperspectral imaging (PHSI) and polarized light imaging (PLI) microscopy for the visualization of WBCs.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>We developed a dual-modality microscopic imaging system that performs both polarized hyperspectral imaging and polarized light imaging. In the dual imaging setup, we used a snapscan hyperspectral camera and an RGB camera to acquire images separately and further calculate four Stokes parameters (S0, S1, S2, and S3) as well as three Stokes vector-derived parameters, namely, the degree of polarization, degree of linear polarization, and degree of circular polarization. Synthetic RGB images of Stokes vectors and Stokes vector-derived parameters were generated for the visualization of cellular components with PHSI images. The spectral signatures of representative WBCs, e.g., granulocytes and lymphocytes, were extracted for qualitative comparison.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The preliminary results demonstrate that Stokes vector parameters can enhance the visualization of granules in granulocytes, the visualization of surface structures of lymphocytes, and the morphologic visualization of the monocyte nucleus. Furthermore, the results also reveal that the measured spectra of Stokes vector parameters could enhance the differentiation of WBCs in the spectral dimension, represented by the qualitative comparison between granulocytes and lymphocytes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Utilizing the spatial and spectral information from the Stokes vector data, our customized polarized hyperspectral microscopic imaging system enhances the visualization of WBCs and may provide a tool for the diagnosis of disorders related to white blood cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"31 4","pages":"046501"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13082741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147698824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-resolution megahertz optical coherence tomography prototype rectoscope for enhanced visualization of colorectal microstructures.","authors":"Sazgar Burhan, Berenice Schulte, Madita Göb, Awanish Pratap Singh, Bayan Mustafa, Simon Lotz, Wolfgang Draxinger, Philipp Lamminger, Yasmeine Saker, Tim Eixmann, Martin Ahrens, Marvin Heimke, Tillmann Heinze, Thilo Wedel, Maik Rahlves, Mark Ellrichmann, Robert Huber","doi":"10.1117/1.JBO.31.4.046002","DOIUrl":"10.1117/1.JBO.31.4.046002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Significance: </strong>Endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a valuable tool for rectal imaging, enabling noninvasive visualization of transmural structures with near-histological resolution, critical for accurate tumor staging and diagnostic/therapeutic monitoring. However, anatomical variability of the rectum and the resulting changes in tissue-to-probe distance challenge optimal circumferential imaging.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>We aim to develop a dual-mode endoscopic OCT system, enabling real-time switching between high-detail and extended-range imaging for improved assessment of rectal wall morphology under varying anatomical conditions.</p><p><strong>Approach: </strong>A single fiber-optic ferrule containing two fibers with differing mode fields was integrated into a MHz-OCT rectoscope, enabling an extended-range mode for full circumferential imaging and a high-detail mode for close examination of fine structures with seamless live switching mechanism. The system was tested <i>in situ</i> on a postmortem human rectum preserved with ethanol-glycerol-lysoformin fixation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Postmortem rectum imaging demonstrated the feasibility of real-time switching between the two modes. Extended-range imaging provided full circumferential coverage, whereas high-detail imaging revealed distinct rectal wall layers and fine transmural structures, validated by histological correlation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The dual-mode MHz-OCT system offers a flexible and practical solution for adaptive rectal imaging, providing high-resolution detail and full circumferential coverage with the potential to enhance diagnostics and treatment monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":15264,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Biomedical Optics","volume":"31 4","pages":"046002"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13022929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147574153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}