Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics最新文献

{"title":"Acknowledgement to scientific referees 2025.","authors":"","doi":"10.1007/s10815-025-03479-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-025-03479-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15246,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) protects ovarian follicle loss by downregulating granulosa cell function in in vitro and in vivo models.","authors":"Laura Detti, Michael C Mari, Michael P Diamond, Ghassan M Saed","doi":"10.1007/s10815-025-03473-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-025-03473-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>AMH inhibits hormone production in luteinized granulosa cells (GCs) and stalls ovarian follicle development in vitro and in vivo. We sought to confirm AMH's mechanism of action through SMAD activation and investigate AMH inhibition of follicle development and function, in vitro and in vivo.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A primary culture of GCs isolated from follicular fluid was used, and cells were treated with recombinant AMH (rAMH) or placebo for 24 h. For the mouse model, 18-weeks old C57BL female mice were either euthanized at the beginning or treated with rAMH or normal saline for 3 weeks. Primordial (PDF), primary follicle (PRF), secondary (SEF), and tertiary follicles (TEF) were calculated. Real-time RT-PCR and ELISA were performed to quantify GC gene expression and protein translation of human SMAD 1, 5, and 8, FSH-R and mouse FSH-R, inhibin B, caspase 3, Ki67, BMP15, GDF9, and the epigenetic regulators miRNAa and b.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In vitro, rAMH-treated GC showed activation of the SMAD 1, 5 and downregulation of SMAD 8, with greater magnitude at increasing rAMH doses (p < 0.04) and consequential control of downstream regulators. In vivo, the rAMH-treated mice showed increased SEFs and decreased PRFs while PDFs, TEFs, were unchanged compared with baseline. Compared with Placebo, the rAMH group showed increased PDFs, while PRFs, and TEFs were significantly decreased, and SEFs were unchanged.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>AMH caused SMAD activation in a dose-dependent manner, with downstream downregulation of cell function and replication, also through activation of miRNAs. These mechanisms were confirmed by the in vivo findings with ultimate downregulation of follicular development and preservation of the ovarian follicle number. Counteracting follicular depletion, AMH could be used to protect the ovarian follicle reservoir.</p>","PeriodicalId":15246,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spindle observation aids decision-making for early rescue ICSI.","authors":"Yang Gao, Jiahong Zhu, Shun Xiong, Jiang Wang, Xiangwei Hao, Haiyuan Liao, Wei Han, Junxia Liu, Guoning Huang","doi":"10.1007/s10815-025-03474-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-025-03474-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate whether spindle visualization using polarized light microscopy (PLM) can assist in identifying unfertilized oocytes prior to early rescue intracytoplasmic sperm injection (R-ICSI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included 356 early R-ICSI cycles, of which 24 were excluded from the analysis. The remaining 332 cycles were divided into study group and control group based on whether spindle observation had been performed before early R-ICSI. The fertilization rate, embryo development, and clinical outcome were compared between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 356 participants included, 332 completed follow-up analysis. The study group demonstrated a significantly higher normal fertilization rate (82.55% vs. 71.49%, P < 0.01) and a lower 3PN rate (3.17% vs. 8.89%, P < 0.01) after following R-ICSI. For oocytes without visible spindles in the study group or those with fragmented polar bodies in the control group, in vitro fertilization (IVF) was performed, resulting in a higher normal fertilization rate in the study group (53.37% vs. 36.43%, P < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of embryo development and implantation potential. In the high-age subgroup (over 35 years old), the normal cleavage rate was significantly higher in the spindle examination group compared to the non-observation group (38.60% vs. 22.47%, P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Utilizing PLM for spindle observation can effectively identify oocytes suitable for early R-ICSI to improve fertilization outcomes and optimize embryo development in women over 35 years old.</p>","PeriodicalId":15246,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143803394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) combined different doses of letrozole for treating anovulatory infertility in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Jingyi Li, Yuan Peng, Xin Dai, Ling Zhang, Xuefeng Long, Xiuping Wang, Weiwei Li, Yuqing Fang, Wenqian Xiong, Yi Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10815-025-03455-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-025-03455-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To optimize ovulation induction protocols for infertile women with PCOS, ovulation effect and adverse reactions of different doses of letrozole (2.5 vs 5.0 mg) combined sequentially HMG therapy were compared in infertility PCOS patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This open-label randomized controlled trial (RCT) included 174 infertile women aged 18-40 who met the Rotterdam criteria for PCOS at the Wuhan Union Hospital of China from May 2021 to January 2022. They were randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio to 2.5 mg LE or 5.0 mg LE on cycle days 3-7 with sequential HMG injections (n = 87 for each).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There is no difference in ovulation rate between LE (2.5 mg) + HMG group and LE (5.0 mg) + HMG group in infertile women with PCOS (85.1 vs 85.1%). The ongoing pregnancy rate was no different between the two groups (33.3 vs 25.3%). The percentage of type B endometrial tissues on HCG injection day was higher in the LE (2.5 mg) + HMG group (88.5% vs 69.0%). The monofollicular development rate was significantly higher in the LE (2.5 mg) + HMG group (67.8% vs. 46.0%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Application of 5.0 mg LE followed with HMG does not improve the pregnancy rate compared to 2.5 mg LE in infertile women with PCOS. An increased dose of LE to 5.0 mg may increase the risks of OHSS and multiple pregnancies. Therapy of LE (2.5 mg) + HMG may be a more beneficial and optimal treatment protocol for improving endometrial receptivity and promoting mono-follicle development for patients with PCOS.</p>","PeriodicalId":15246,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143795583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryopreserved ovarian tissue autotransplantation in an acute myeloid leukaemia survivor following extensive minimal residual disease screening: first reported live birth in Europe.","authors":"Michelle Soares, Ingrid Segers, Michael De Brucker, Alessandra Camboni, Camille Hossay, Ileana Mateizel, Iebe De Quick, Ellen Van Moer, Dominik Selleslag, Steven Hellebaut, Marie-Madeleine Dolmans, Michel De Vos","doi":"10.1007/s10815-025-03447-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-025-03447-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We report successful autotransplantation of ovarian tissue in a sterile acute myeloid leukaemia survivor after comprehensive minimal residual disease (MRD) screening.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>At age 18, the patient underwent ovarian tissue cryopreservation while in complete remission prior to allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Premature ovarian failure and the wish to conceive led her to request transplantation of her cryopreserved ovarian tissue 12 years later. Extensive MRD screening of frozen-thawed biopsy specimens, including histology, immunohistochemistry, PCR and 6-month xenotransplantation to immunodeficient mice, was conducted before ovarian tissue transplantation (OTT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Histology and immunohistochemistry (MPO, p53, CD4, CD45) of thawed ovarian fragments showed no malignant cell contamination. Nested RT-PCR (MLL::AF9) was negative and the mouse grafted with ovarian tissue showed no disease after 6 months. The xenografted tissue was analyzed again (histology, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR) and showed no contamination. Laparoscopic transplantation to the patient restored ovarian function after 4 months. Modified natural cycle IVF resulted in pregnancy. At 29 weeks, the patient had preterm premature rupture of membranes and delivered a healthy boy at 34.5 weeks. Three years post-transplantation, the patient remains disease-free.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Concerns about malignant cell contamination limit cryopreserved OTT in leukemia survivors. This is the first reported European live birth in an acute myeloid leukemia survivor following frozen-thawed OTT. Safe OTT was achieved by retrieving ovarian tissue during complete remission and conducting thorough screening before transplantation. Obstetrical risks in leukemia survivors who had total body irradiation should also be thoroughly discussed during decision making before attempting motherhood.</p>","PeriodicalId":15246,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights gained from a cleavage-stage embryo freeze-all policy in in vitro maturation cycles.","authors":"Ingrid Segers, Lisbet Van Landuyt, Maria-Petra Agius, Linde Mostinckx, Wilfried Cools, Celine Schoemans, Koen Wouters, Neelke De Munck, Michel De Vos","doi":"10.1007/s10815-025-03469-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-025-03469-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Cycles of in vitro maturation (IVM) of oocytes show asynchrony between embryo development and endometrial receptivity. Hence, elective embryo vitrification/warming (V/W) for embryo transfer (FET) is routinely performed. However, clinical outcomes after IVM are lower compared to conventional ovarian stimulation, mainly due to lower embryo quality. Vitrification at cleavage stage, rather than blastocyst stage, is used to optimize embryo utilization while maintaining acceptable pregnancy rates. The aim of this study is to ascertain the vulnerability to V/W of IVM-derived cleavage-stage embryos and to identify characteristics that predict pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this single-center retrospective cohort study, 442 day-3 IVM-derived embryos from PCOS patients were investigated. Cell survival upon warming, cell cycle progression during overnight culture and clinical outcome in 425 FET cycles were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 442 V/W embryos, 85% were fully intact. Cell loss reduced the cell cycle progression after overnight culture of V/W embryos (p = 0.047) and tended to lower clinical pregnancy rates (16% vs 23%, p = 0.22) compared to intact embryos. Better fresh embryo quality was associated with enhanced cell cycle resumption after overnight culture (p < 0.0001). Cell cycle resumption was required for pregnancy to occur. Additionally, the extent of cell cycle progression (OR = 0.439, CI = 0.24-0.78, p < 0.001) and the number of available top-quality embryos (OR = 0.174, CI = 0.04-0.32, p = 0.01) were indicative for success.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A clinical pregnancy rate of 23% per FET with V/W IVM-derived cleavage-stage embryo was obtained with cell cycle resumption after overnight culture as dominant predictive factor.</p>","PeriodicalId":15246,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacogenetic analysis using artificial intelligence (AI) to identify polymorphisms associated with sub-optimal ovarian response and hyper-response.","authors":"José A Ortiz, B Lledó, L Luque, R Morales, S Myles, María Pérez, J Guerrero, A Bernabeu","doi":"10.1007/s10815-025-03471-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-025-03471-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To identify genetic variants associated with an increased likelihood of sub-optimal ovarian response or hyper-response by machine learning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective observational study, conducted between March 2018 and April 2022, analyses 495 ovarian stimulations in oocyte donors. Only each donor's first ovarian stimulation was considered. The egg donors were healthy women aged 18 to 35 years. Donor characteristics and ovarian stimulation data were recorded, as well as genotypes of 31 polymorphisms previously identified as modulators of ovarian response. Models to predict the type of ovarian response (sub-optimal, normal, or hyper-response) were performed using 5 different classification machine-learning algorithms. The most important variables were determined by SHAP (Shapley-Additive-exPlanations) values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Despite being young with good ovarian reserves and using similar stimulation protocols, 15.15% of oocyte donors had a sub-optimal response (4-9 oocytes), while 27.27% showed a hyper-response (over 20 oocytes). The best predictive model was random forest, with an AUC of 0.822. Six significant genetic polymorphisms were identified: three in hormone receptors-oestrogen receptor (ESR2; c.*39G > A, c.984G > A), follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR; p.Asn680Ser, c.-29G > A), and AMH receptor (AMHR2; c.622-6C > T) and one in growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9; c.398-39G > C). Four polymorphisms (ESR2, FSHR) were linked to sub-optimal response, while two (AMHR2, GDF9) were associated with hyper-response.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By using a predictive model to asses ovarian response, we identified six genetic polymorphisms associated with ovarian response. Women who carry these genetic variants may be suitable candidates for personalised ovarian stimulation treatments to help prevent inadequate responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":15246,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective survey exploring decision-making among patients pursuing oocyte and/or embryo cryopreservation prior to gonadotoxic therapy: Seeking certainty or harboring hope?","authors":"Jennifer B Bakkensen, Jessica Almgren-Bell, Kristin Smith, Angela K Lawson, Kara N Goldman","doi":"10.1007/s10815-025-03466-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-025-03466-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the extent to which patients pursuing medically-indicated fertility preservation (FP) prioritize reproductive certainty vs. hope, and to correlate specific FP strategies with post-cycle satisfaction, anxiety, and optimism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prospective survey of patients with ovaries 18-45y requiring fertility-compromising therapy having completed a FP consult at an academic fertility center from 10/2021-2/2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 136 eligible patients, 70 completed the survey. Of those planning FP, 35 planned egg freezing (57.4%), 16 embryo freezing (26.2%), and 10 both (16.4%). Those freezing eggs were younger (29.7 ± 6.5y) vs. those freezing embryos (35.8 ± 4.5y) or both (30.9 ± 6.1y) (p = 0.01). While those freezing embryos were more likely to be married (12/16, 75%), 33% of married individuals froze at least some eggs. Of those freezing embryos, 88.5% said they would want to know if their embryos were abnormal; however, only 46.2% planned pre-implantation genetic testing (PGT). Fifty-three patients ultimately completed ≥ 1 cycle: 64.1% eggs, 30.2% embryos, and 5.7% both. Among those completing the post-cycle survey (n = 42), cycle satisfaction varied by FP strategy, from 62% for embryos to 96% for eggs and 100% for both (p = 0.013). Anxiety measure scores were higher pre- vs. post-cycle (median [IQR] = 8 [6-12] vs. 6 [0-8], p < 0.001), whereas optimism measure scores were similar throughout.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FP decisions are nuanced and individualized. Notably, patients freezing eggs who therefore had less concrete information about reproductive potential endorsed higher cycle satisfaction. More thorough understanding of this complex decision-making may help optimize counseling and support.</p>","PeriodicalId":15246,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of life, spiritual needs, and well-being of people affected by infertility and its treatment: quantitative results of a mixed-methods study.","authors":"Madeleine Bernet, Alexander M Quaas, Michael von Wolff, Alessandro Santi, Isabelle Streuli, Dorothea Wunder, Eva Soom Ammann, Arndt Büssing","doi":"10.1007/s10815-025-03463-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-025-03463-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Infertility is a growing global health issue that significantly affects quality of life (QoL). Understanding its impact on QoL is essential for developing effective healthcare interventions. This study explored QoL, well-being, and spiritual needs among individuals affected by infertility, with implications for healthcare provision.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Standardized questionnaire data from an anonymous mixed-methods study that was conducted from October 2022 to January 2023 in Switzerland and addressing QoL (FertiQoL), spiritual needs (SpNQ-20), and psychological well-being (WHO-5) of individuals undergoing fertility treatments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis included 326 participants. FertiQoL scores were lowest in the emotional domain (M = 46.35) and highest in the relational domain (M = 68.51), with a mean overall score of 56.69, indicating moderate QoL impacts. Participants without children reported significantly lower FertiQoL and WHO-5 well-being scores than those with children (p < 0.05). The WHO-5 mean score indicated moderate well-being (M = 13.89). SpNQ-20 results showed the highest needs in inner peace (M = 1.82), followed by generativity (M = 1.09) and existential needs (M = 0.86), with religious needs scoring the lowest (M = 0.43). Participants without children had significantly higher spiritual needs (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the emotional and spiritual challenges of infertility, revealing differences in experiences between individuals with and without children. It emphasizes the importance of addressing mental health and well-being in infertility care. Further research should focus on the psychological impacts of fertility treatments, including depressive mood states.</p>","PeriodicalId":15246,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congenital anomalies observed in children conceived through assisted reproductive technology-a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Paripoorna Bhat, Vijay Shree Dhyani, Vani Lakshmi, Shubhashree Uppangala, Satish Kumar Adiga, Prashanth Adiga, Pratap Kumar, Aditi Gupta","doi":"10.1007/s10815-025-03454-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10815-025-03454-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Congenital anomalies (CAs) are a leading cause of perinatal and child mortality. With the increasing use of assisted reproductive technology (ART), there is a growing need for research on the health outcomes of children conceived through ART. This systematic review was performed to assess the incidence of CAs in ART-conceived children compared to those conceived naturally. This review followed the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and was registered with PROSPERO. A total of 113 studies were included in this meta-analysis, comprising 768,929 children in the ART group and 40,709,337 children in the control group which comprised spontaneously conceived (SC) children. The primary findings indicated that ART-conceived children have a marginally higher risk of CAs compared to the control group. Subgroup analyses showed that children conceived via ICSI, Day 3 transfer, and fresh embryo transfer (ET) had a slightly higher risk of CAs than those conceived via IVF, Day 5 transfer, or frozen embryo transfer (FET). The study highlights a slightly increased incidence of CAs among ART-conceived children over SC children, underscoring the importance of improving ART methods and closely monitoring the health of these children to reduce the risk of CAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":15246,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}