Masoumeh Seghatoleslam, M. Jalali, D. H. Alamdari, M. Hoseini, A. Fazel, Georgios Koliakos
{"title":"Optimal incubating time of in vitro bromodeoxyuridine labeling of human umbilical cord blood- mononuclear cells and their functional assessment in ICH rats","authors":"Masoumeh Seghatoleslam, M. Jalali, D. H. Alamdari, M. Hoseini, A. Fazel, Georgios Koliakos","doi":"10.5897/JCAB12.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB12.009","url":null,"abstract":"Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) is a thymidine analog that is ready to be incorporated into DNA and can be used as a marker for in vitro pre-labeling of isolated stem cells. The objective of this study was to explore the optimal incubating time of in vitro BrdU labeling for human umbilical cord blood - derived mononuclear cells (HUCB-MCs). The mononuclear cells were isolated by the standard density gradient technique and were labeled with 10 µM/L BrdU. Then, the cells were incubated at 37°C for 1, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. Immunocytochemistery was performed respectively to calculate the labeling index and the cells' activity for different time. Efficacy of BrdU positive HUCB-MCs was evaluated by in vivo study in intra-cerebral hemorrhage (ICH) rat model. The current findings indicated that labeling ratio significantly increased after 24 incubating hours. Cell viability remained high (75%) after 24 h. There was a significant recovery in behavioral performance 2 weeks after HUCB-MCs infusion to ICH rats and BrdU+ cells were localized by immunohistochemistry in the injured area of brain. This study shows that the most appropriate time for BrdU labeling HUCB-MCs is 24 h and these BrdU+ cells have high efficacy and stability in cell therapy. Key words:","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82144011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of four serological tests to detect prevalence of bovine brucellosis in Khartoum State","authors":"Adil M. A. Salman, H. Nasri","doi":"10.5897/JCAB11.072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB11.072","url":null,"abstract":"To estimate the prevalence rate of bovine brucellosis in Khartoum State of Sudan and to compare the different serological tests, 636 stratified random samples of milk from farms and markets in the state were collected. Individual milk and blood samples were also collected from farms which showed positive reaction to the bulk milk ring test. All these samples were tested for Brucella antibodies using the milk ring test (MRT), Rose Bengal plate test (RBPT) and indirect ELISA test on milk and serum. The prevalence of Brucella antibodies was higher in milk compared with serum samples. In Enzyme-linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) test using milk samples, it was 34.7%, followed by Milk Ring Test 32.5%, while the prevalence when using the serum was 27% with the Rose Bengal Plate Test and 24.4% when using serum-ELISA. The sensitivity and specificity of MRT were 85 and 95% and for RBPT were 92 and 94%, respectively. There were association between the MRT and milk-ELISA (p < 0.01) and between RBPT and serum-ELISA (p < 0.05). The percentage agreement among MRT and milk- ELISA was 83% Kappa (p < 0.01), while the percentage agreement between RBPT and serum-ELISA was 86% Kappa (p < 0.01). When comparing the sensitivity, specificity and percentage agreement between milk-ELISA and serum-ELISA for the same cows, sensitivity for milk-ELISA was 92.8% and the specificity was 98.8%. The percentage agreement between milk-ELISA and serum-ELISA was 79% Kappa (p < 0.01). Milk-ELISA will provide an easy and significant contribution to detect brucellosis compared to other serological tests. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Sudan, milk, ELISA, serology, serum-ELISA, brucellosis.","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"26 1","pages":"140-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89268767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Antibiotic resistance profile of Escherichia coli isolated from apparently healthy domestic livestock in South-East Nigeria","authors":"Chijioke A. Nsofor, C. U. Iroegbu","doi":"10.5897/JCAB12.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB12.005","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to determine the antibiotic resistance profile of Escherichia coli isolated from apparently healthy domestic livestock viz: cattle, goats, poultry and swine from three states in South East of Nigeria. E. coli was isolated using Eosin Methylene Blue agar (EMB) and identified by conventional microbiological technique. The isolates were tested against 14 antibiotics using the disc diffusion method. A total of 42 different antibiotics resistance profiles were observed, with each isolate showing resistance to at least four or more drugs tested. Generally, the 80 E. coli isolates showed resistance rates of 85% to Ampicillin; 90% to Cotrimaoxazole, 90% to Cephalothin; 77.5% to Streptomycin, 62.5% to Nitrofurantoin; 68.8% to Tetracycline; 55% to Chloramphenicol; 56.3% to Amoxicillin clavulanic acid; 58.8% to Cefpirome; 47.5% to Cefpodoxime; 43.8% to Cefotaxine; 22.5% to Ceftriaxone; 18.8% to Cefoxitin; 16.3% to Nalidixic acid and 12.5% to Gentamycin. Statistical analysis showed that average number of resistance phenotypes per isolate was significantly higher for goat and poultry compared with cattle and swine (P<0.0001). A significant public health concern observed in this study is that multidrug-resistant commensal E. coli strains may constitute a potential reservoir of resistance genes that could be transferred to pathogenic bacteria. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Antibiotic resistance, Escherichia coli, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"34 2 1","pages":"129-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80140971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study of the wildlife acarology (Acari: Oribatida) in the palm groves of Biskra","authors":"Ghezali Djelloul, Zaydi Djamel-Eddine","doi":"10.5897/JCAB12.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB12.001","url":null,"abstract":"This study, conducted in the region of Biskra, allows to define eight species of oribatid living in two palm groves of 7 and 10 years, seven species in palm groves of one and three years and finally, three species in a palm grove of five years. No species has been found in the witness palm grove. The prevailing species in all these palm groves is Scheloribates sp. with 450 individuals. This study shows that man’s influence can be beneficial to the natural environment. Indeed, installing an oasis helps both modify the Saharan landscape and create a specific biotope that allows ground-acari to thrive. This biotope is characterized by a multitude of ecological factors that are of a great importance for these acari, they are mainly the microclimate and the feeding support. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Oribatida, palm groves, Biskra, ecological factors, oasis ecosystem, nutritional substrate.","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"18 1","pages":"115-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86936075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qi-qi Mao, Dong-ni Qiu, Xiao-dong Fu, Yi Liu, Wen-jian Wang, Xue-Jiao Sun
{"title":"Effect of Fufang Jiangzhi No. 3 on cholesterol-bile acid metabolism in New Zealand white rabbit fed with cholesterol-rich diet","authors":"Qi-qi Mao, Dong-ni Qiu, Xiao-dong Fu, Yi Liu, Wen-jian Wang, Xue-Jiao Sun","doi":"10.5897/JCAB12.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB12.010","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of Fufang Jiangzhi No. 3 on cholesterol-bile acid metabolism in New Zealand white rabbit fed with cholesterol-rich diet was studied. 24 male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned into control group (Group A), hypercholesterolemia model group (Group B), and Fufang Jiangzhi No. 3 treatment group (Group C). Groups B and C were fed with cholesterol-rich diet (containing 1% cholesterol) 120 g/day during 4 weeks’ administration in order to establish hypercholesterolemia model while Group A was fed with common rabbit fodder 120 g/day. Group C received Fufang Jiangzhi No. 3 by intragastric administration (0.5 bag/20 ml distilled water, every morning) at the same time as the start of the cholesterol-rich diet exposure. Serum CHO, LDL-C and BA assessment of 24 rabbits was performed at the end of the experiment. The activity of CYP7A1 in the liver was measured by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISAs). The expressions of CYP7A1 mRNA, bile salt export pump (BSEP) mRNA and small heterodimer partner (SHP) mRNA in the liver were measured by real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Serum CHO in Group B was much higher than that in Group A (P<0.05), moreover, the serum CHO in Group C was lower than that in Group B ( P<0.05). The level of BSEP mRNA and SHP mRNA in Group C were much lower than those of Group B ( P<0.01). These results suggested that Fufang Jiangzhi No. 3 can up-regulate the expression of CYP7A1 mRNA and enhance the activity of CYP7A1. It may be one of the mechanisms involved in its preventive effect in cholesterolrich diet-induced hyperchlesterolemia in New Zealand white rabbit.","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78841157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Aliabadi, Arash Esf, Maryam Farahm, A. Mahjoor, S. Mojaver
{"title":"Evaluation of the effects of bovine demineralized bone matrix and coralline hydroxyapatite on radial fracture healing in rabbit","authors":"A. Aliabadi, Arash Esf, Maryam Farahm, A. Mahjoor, S. Mojaver","doi":"10.5897/JCAB11.085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB11.085","url":null,"abstract":"Stimulating bone production may be applied to the management of fractures, non-unions, and osteomyelitis. Hydroxyapatite is compatible and osteoconductive for bone regeneration. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of osteoinductive activity of xenogenic demineralized bone matrix (DBM) in combination with osteoconductive hydroxyapatite (HA) in osseous location. Twenty four adult New Zealand white rabbits (male, weight: 2.5 to 3.0 kg) were randomly divided into four groups. All rabbits were anesthetized with intramuscular administration of ketamin and xylazine. After preparing the operation site, the right radius was exposed, and a full thickness 5 mm defect was created in the mid-diaphyseal region. The defects were filled with DBM and hydroxyapatite in Group I, DBM in Group II, hydroxyapatite in Group III and Group IV was considered as a control group. The formation and healing of bone were determined by histological and mechanical analysis during 8 weeks. Implantation of combination of DBM and hydroxyapatite yielded significant (p < 0.05) bone formation resulting in histological, and mechanical evidence of union compared to other groups. The second group which received DBM showed better bone healing compared to the third group. No instances of union were observed in the hydroxyapatite and control groups. Our results suggest that bovine DBM may be more useful in combination with hydroxyapatite as a therapeutic adjuvant in clinical situations when local formation of bone is needed. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Demineralized bone matrix, coralline hydroxyapatite, bone healing, rabbit.","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"22 1","pages":"109-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81704092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Si-Nan Zhang, Yi-ling Hou, W. Hou, Xiang Ding, Chunlian Wu
{"title":"cDNA, genomic sequence cloning and over-expression of ribosomal protein P2 gene ( RPLP2 ) from the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca )","authors":"Si-Nan Zhang, Yi-ling Hou, W. Hou, Xiang Ding, Chunlian Wu","doi":"10.5897/JCAB11.091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB11.091","url":null,"abstract":"RPLP2 is a component of the 60S large ribosomal subunit encoded by RPLP2 gene and directly participate in protein synthesis, which is located in the cytoplasm. The cDNA and genomic sequence of RPLP2 were cloned successfully from the Giant Panda using RT-PCR and Touchdown-PCR technology, respectively. The results showed that the cDNA fragment cloned is 394 bp in size, containing an open reading frame of 348 bp. The length of the genomic sequence is 1838 bp, with four exons and three introns. The deduced protein is composed of 115 amino acids with 11.66 KD of estimated molecular weight and 4.14 of pI. Alignment analysis indicated that the nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence are highly conserved to other four species reported, including Homo sapiens , Bos taurus , Mus musculus and Rattus norvegicus . The homologies for nucleotide sequences of Giant Panda PRLP2 are 90.80, 87.64, 88.79 and 87.64% to those of the four species, while the homologies for amino acid sequences are 88.27, 85.20, 86.31 and 85.20%. The RPLP2 gene was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21, and the result indicated that fusing RPLP2 with the N-terminally His-tagged form gave rise to the accumulation of an expected 17.5 KD polypeptide, in accordance with the predicted protein, which could be used to purify and investigate the function of this protein.","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73969826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli O 157:H7/NM isolated from feaces of ruminant animals in Iran","authors":"E. Rahimi, F. Nayebpour","doi":"10.5897/JCAB11.082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB11.082","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents is a phenomenon problem, and the understanding of resistance acquisition and transmission can contribute to the development of new strategies to the clinical and socio-economic implication of this phenomenon, especially in ruminant animals. A total of 327 fecal samples of ruminant animals were examined for E. coli O157:H7/NM and the antibiotic susceptibility testing was determined by disc diffusion according to the Clinical Laboratory Institute. Isolates were tested for susceptibility to antimicrobial drugs by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method using MIellar-Hinton agar according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute. Twenty-five (7.6%)Escherichia coli O157:H7/NH were isolated, 24(96%) were resistant to one or more antibiotic agent. Six (24%) E. coli were resistant to one antibiotic agent, 11(44%) to two agents and 28% exhibited multi drug resistance. Gentamycin resistance phenotype was the most common (56.0%), followed by ampicillin (48.0%), erythromycin (40.0%), amoxicillin (16.0%), tetracycline (12.0%), chloramphenicol (8.0%) nalidixic acid (8.0%), and streptomycin (4.0%) and all E. coli O157 isolates were susceptible to cefuroxime. Considering the clinical implication of E. coli in veterinary medicine, surveillance of the bacterial pathogens became imperative for better understanding and infection control approach. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Escherichia coli O 157, ruminant feces, antibiotic resistance, Iran.","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"44 1","pages":"104-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85683968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Growth curve estimation in pure goat breeds and crosses of first and second generation in Tunisian oases","authors":"A. Gaddour, M. Ouni, S. Najari","doi":"10.5897/JCAB12.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB12.018","url":null,"abstract":"Five non-linear statistical models were tested to fit the growth curve parameters of the kids of indigenous, Alpine and Damascus goats and their crosses. Data from 16 years’ periodical weight study was used to adjust the growth curve of 1,687 suckling kids before they attained the age of five months. Among the tested models, the iterative procedure made it possible for the Gompertz model to be identified as the best for use to adjust kids’ growth evolution. Brody, Richards, Logistic and Polynomial models showed some convergence problems of accuracy. Curve parameters were fitted by Gompertz model after about 16 iterations with a coefficient of determination (CD) value of 71%. Growth parameters were established by genetic groups and the shape of the curve changed with kids’ genotypes. Crossbreeding allowed for a better growth kinetic in indigenous kids. After birth, kids’ weights increased rapidly to an asymptotic weight at an early age. The best growth performances were obtained in the first generation of crossbreeding due to heterosis. The growth curve adjustment helped in better flock management and in the fattening of kids according to the potentialities of each genotype.","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79905429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Idriss Braima Gad Alkareem, A. E. Abdelgadir, K. Elmalik
{"title":"Study on Prevalence of Parasitic Diseases in Cattle in Abyei Area – Sudan","authors":"Idriss Braima Gad Alkareem, A. E. Abdelgadir, K. Elmalik","doi":"10.5897/JCAB11.065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB11.065","url":null,"abstract":"Accepted 1 March, 2012 This study was designed to compare information on parasitic diseases occurrence in nomadic cattle herds in Abyei area. Collection of data from the veterinary records, Veterinary drug centres, questionnaire and external parasites, faecal and blood samples from animals were carried out for one year. The clinical records showed that, parasitic diseases constitute a major problem, and formed 53% of the total diseases recorded in the clinical records. Veterinary drug centers records also revealed that, within parasitic drugs, anthelmentic drugs were the most used in high quantities constituting 48%, then blood parasites as 37% and external parasites drugs which were 15%. During the wet season, many cattle herds were found in a restricted area sharing the available water and pasture. There were no proper slaughter houses, and also disposal of the offals and carcasses during meat inspection. Cattle parasitic diseases were surveyed at four administrative units in the study area at Muglad, Mayram, Abyei and Dibab. Faecal samples, blood smear, ticks and biting flies were collected. The results of this survey showed the followings: the faecal samples from cattle using floatation and sedimentation methods showed that: Paramphistomum sp. constituted 11.25%, Fasciola gigantica 5.00% , Schistosoma bovis, 1.50%, Oesophagustomum sp. 2.50% , Moniezia sp. 0.63% and Eimeria sp. 4.38%. The occurrence of internal parasites was found higher during the wet season. Blood smear examination revealed that there were Theileria species and Babesia sp. at prevalence rates of 5.88 and 5.15% respectively. Theileria sp. was more prevalent in Muglad compared to other locations, while Babesia was more frequently detected in Mayram. It is noticeable that the overall prevalence is almost the same for the two parasites. Herds were found to be 100% infested with hard ticks. 9 different tick species were identified. They belong to three genera: Amblyomma, Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus. Identified tick species collected from cattle, sheep, goats and camel were: Amblyomma lepidum, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus evertsi, Rhipicephalus simus. simus, Boophilus decoloratus, Hyalomma marginatum rufipes, Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum, Hyalomma truncatum and Hyalomma dromedarii . The most abundant tick species were R. sanguineus (38.60%), A. lepidum (29.06%) and H. m. rufipes (27.91%). The total count of ticks showed that A. lepidum and Hyalomma m. rufipes were actively distributed throughout the year among the hosts with relative preference to cattle and camel. Similarly R. sanguineus had a significant distribution in sheep with restricted presence on other animal species. The biting flies identified revealed; Atylotus agrystus, Atylotus fuscipus, Tabanus taeniola and Ancala latipes . The total count showed that, A. agrystus and T. taeniola were actively distributed in the area. Parasitic disease burden as calculated for individual animals revealed that examined ani","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"190 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78048147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}