Idriss Braima Gad Alkareem, A. E. Abdelgadir, K. Elmalik
{"title":"苏丹阿卜耶伊地区牛寄生虫病流行病学研究","authors":"Idriss Braima Gad Alkareem, A. E. Abdelgadir, K. Elmalik","doi":"10.5897/JCAB11.065","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Accepted 1 March, 2012 This study was designed to compare information on parasitic diseases occurrence in nomadic cattle herds in Abyei area. Collection of data from the veterinary records, Veterinary drug centres, questionnaire and external parasites, faecal and blood samples from animals were carried out for one year. The clinical records showed that, parasitic diseases constitute a major problem, and formed 53% of the total diseases recorded in the clinical records. Veterinary drug centers records also revealed that, within parasitic drugs, anthelmentic drugs were the most used in high quantities constituting 48%, then blood parasites as 37% and external parasites drugs which were 15%. During the wet season, many cattle herds were found in a restricted area sharing the available water and pasture. There were no proper slaughter houses, and also disposal of the offals and carcasses during meat inspection. Cattle parasitic diseases were surveyed at four administrative units in the study area at Muglad, Mayram, Abyei and Dibab. Faecal samples, blood smear, ticks and biting flies were collected. The results of this survey showed the followings: the faecal samples from cattle using floatation and sedimentation methods showed that: Paramphistomum sp. constituted 11.25%, Fasciola gigantica 5.00% , Schistosoma bovis, 1.50%, Oesophagustomum sp. 2.50% , Moniezia sp. 0.63% and Eimeria sp. 4.38%. The occurrence of internal parasites was found higher during the wet season. Blood smear examination revealed that there were Theileria species and Babesia sp. at prevalence rates of 5.88 and 5.15% respectively. Theileria sp. was more prevalent in Muglad compared to other locations, while Babesia was more frequently detected in Mayram. It is noticeable that the overall prevalence is almost the same for the two parasites. Herds were found to be 100% infested with hard ticks. 9 different tick species were identified. They belong to three genera: Amblyomma, Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus. Identified tick species collected from cattle, sheep, goats and camel were: Amblyomma lepidum, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus evertsi, Rhipicephalus simus. simus, Boophilus decoloratus, Hyalomma marginatum rufipes, Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum, Hyalomma truncatum and Hyalomma dromedarii . The most abundant tick species were R. sanguineus (38.60%), A. lepidum (29.06%) and H. m. rufipes (27.91%). The total count of ticks showed that A. lepidum and Hyalomma m. rufipes were actively distributed throughout the year among the hosts with relative preference to cattle and camel. Similarly R. sanguineus had a significant distribution in sheep with restricted presence on other animal species. The biting flies identified revealed; Atylotus agrystus, Atylotus fuscipus, Tabanus taeniola and Ancala latipes . The total count showed that, A. agrystus and T. taeniola were actively distributed in the area. Parasitic disease burden as calculated for individual animals revealed that examined animals (100%) were infested with ticks. 64% of the animals were infested with ticks only. The rest showed 32% with one internal parasite and ticks, and 4% with two internal parasites and ticks. The nomads were found scattered during the dry season, whereas they were found in concentration in five locations during the wet season. The main water sources in the wet season are Rahad, Butta, Hafeir and Al Wadi. Whereas in the dry season, the main water sources are Ragaba and Downki and other additional sources such as Hafeir, Id and Bahr Al Arab. The animal owners have a good knowledge about the parasitic diseases and their symptoms, but their knowledge about the treatment and control was not adequate. They ranked the most important diseases as follows: mixed infection (Alk) 71%, Ticks and tick-borne diseases 27%, Biting flies and Trypanosomosis 20%, Foot and mouth disease and Black quarter as 20% each. The majority of the livestock keepers were 58.60% treating their animals several times throughout the year, and they find the drug in the temporary markets and sometimes in the (Farig). Ticks were 61 and 39%for biting flies were found during wet season, whereas, in the dry season 91% ticks and 9% biting flies.","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"190 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2012-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"14","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Study on Prevalence of Parasitic Diseases in Cattle in Abyei Area – Sudan\",\"authors\":\"Idriss Braima Gad Alkareem, A. E. Abdelgadir, K. Elmalik\",\"doi\":\"10.5897/JCAB11.065\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Accepted 1 March, 2012 This study was designed to compare information on parasitic diseases occurrence in nomadic cattle herds in Abyei area. Collection of data from the veterinary records, Veterinary drug centres, questionnaire and external parasites, faecal and blood samples from animals were carried out for one year. The clinical records showed that, parasitic diseases constitute a major problem, and formed 53% of the total diseases recorded in the clinical records. Veterinary drug centers records also revealed that, within parasitic drugs, anthelmentic drugs were the most used in high quantities constituting 48%, then blood parasites as 37% and external parasites drugs which were 15%. During the wet season, many cattle herds were found in a restricted area sharing the available water and pasture. There were no proper slaughter houses, and also disposal of the offals and carcasses during meat inspection. Cattle parasitic diseases were surveyed at four administrative units in the study area at Muglad, Mayram, Abyei and Dibab. Faecal samples, blood smear, ticks and biting flies were collected. The results of this survey showed the followings: the faecal samples from cattle using floatation and sedimentation methods showed that: Paramphistomum sp. constituted 11.25%, Fasciola gigantica 5.00% , Schistosoma bovis, 1.50%, Oesophagustomum sp. 2.50% , Moniezia sp. 0.63% and Eimeria sp. 4.38%. The occurrence of internal parasites was found higher during the wet season. Blood smear examination revealed that there were Theileria species and Babesia sp. at prevalence rates of 5.88 and 5.15% respectively. Theileria sp. was more prevalent in Muglad compared to other locations, while Babesia was more frequently detected in Mayram. It is noticeable that the overall prevalence is almost the same for the two parasites. Herds were found to be 100% infested with hard ticks. 9 different tick species were identified. They belong to three genera: Amblyomma, Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus. Identified tick species collected from cattle, sheep, goats and camel were: Amblyomma lepidum, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus evertsi, Rhipicephalus simus. simus, Boophilus decoloratus, Hyalomma marginatum rufipes, Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum, Hyalomma truncatum and Hyalomma dromedarii . The most abundant tick species were R. sanguineus (38.60%), A. lepidum (29.06%) and H. m. rufipes (27.91%). The total count of ticks showed that A. lepidum and Hyalomma m. rufipes were actively distributed throughout the year among the hosts with relative preference to cattle and camel. Similarly R. sanguineus had a significant distribution in sheep with restricted presence on other animal species. The biting flies identified revealed; Atylotus agrystus, Atylotus fuscipus, Tabanus taeniola and Ancala latipes . The total count showed that, A. agrystus and T. taeniola were actively distributed in the area. Parasitic disease burden as calculated for individual animals revealed that examined animals (100%) were infested with ticks. 64% of the animals were infested with ticks only. The rest showed 32% with one internal parasite and ticks, and 4% with two internal parasites and ticks. The nomads were found scattered during the dry season, whereas they were found in concentration in five locations during the wet season. The main water sources in the wet season are Rahad, Butta, Hafeir and Al Wadi. Whereas in the dry season, the main water sources are Ragaba and Downki and other additional sources such as Hafeir, Id and Bahr Al Arab. The animal owners have a good knowledge about the parasitic diseases and their symptoms, but their knowledge about the treatment and control was not adequate. They ranked the most important diseases as follows: mixed infection (Alk) 71%, Ticks and tick-borne diseases 27%, Biting flies and Trypanosomosis 20%, Foot and mouth disease and Black quarter as 20% each. The majority of the livestock keepers were 58.60% treating their animals several times throughout the year, and they find the drug in the temporary markets and sometimes in the (Farig). Ticks were 61 and 39%for biting flies were found during wet season, whereas, in the dry season 91% ticks and 9% biting flies.\",\"PeriodicalId\":15216,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology\",\"volume\":\"190 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2012-03-30\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"14\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB11.065\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB11.065","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
摘要
本研究旨在比较阿卜耶伊地区游牧牛群寄生虫病发生情况。从兽医记录、兽药中心、调查问卷和动物的外部寄生虫、粪便和血液样本收集数据进行了一年的研究。临床记录显示,寄生虫病是一个主要问题,占临床记录疾病总数的53%。兽药中心的记录还显示,在寄生虫药物中,用量最大的是驱虫药,占48%,其次是血寄生虫,占37%,外寄生虫占15%。在雨季,许多牛群被发现在一个限制区域共享可用的水和牧场。没有适当的屠宰场,在肉类检查期间也没有处理内脏和尸体。在Muglad、Mayram、Abyei和Dibab研究区的四个行政单位对牛寄生虫病进行了调查。采集粪便、血涂片、蜱、叮蝇等。结果表明:采用浮沉法采集的牛粪标本中,副吸虫占11.25%,巨片吸虫占5.00%,牛血吸虫占1.50%,食道吸虫占2.50%,莫尼兹虫占0.63%,艾美耳虫占4.38%。体内寄生虫的发生率在雨季较高。血涂片检查检出伊氏菌属和巴贝斯虫属,检出率分别为5.88%和5.15%。与其他地区相比,巴贝斯虫在Muglad更为普遍,而巴贝斯虫在Mayram更为常见。值得注意的是,这两种寄生虫的总体流行率几乎相同。发现畜群100%感染了硬蜱。鉴定出9种不同的蜱类。它们属于三个属:弱视、透明和鼻头。从牛、绵羊、山羊和骆驼身上采集到的蜱虫鉴定种有:鳞片无足蜱、血头蜱、角头蜱和狐头蜱。斑马鱼、脱色肉芽肿、斑马鱼、斑马鱼、斑马鱼、斑马鱼、斑马鱼和斑马鱼。孳生最多的蜱种分别为血蜱(38.60%)、鳞片蜱(29.06%)和红唇蜱(27.91%)。蜱总计数表明,鳞片蜱和红肿透明眼蜱全年活跃分布在寄主中,相对偏好牛和骆驼。同样地,多血散球菌在绵羊中也有显著的分布,在其他动物种群中的分布有限。鉴定出的咬蝇显示;土莲、褐皮土莲、田葵和安卡拉。总计数表明,该地区稻穗棘球绦虫和带状绦虫活跃分布。对单个动物计算的寄生虫病负担显示,被检查的动物(100%)感染了蜱虫。64%的动物只感染了蜱虫。其余32%的人体内有一种寄生虫和蜱虫,4%的人体内有两种寄生虫和蜱虫。在旱季,游牧民被发现是分散的,而在雨季,他们被发现集中在五个地点。雨季的主要水源是拉哈德、布塔、哈菲尔和瓦迪。而在旱季,主要水源是Ragaba和Downki以及其他额外的水源,如Hafeir, Id和Bahr Al Arab。动物主人对寄生虫病及其症状有较好的了解,但对治疗和控制的了解不足。他们认为最重要的疾病是:混合感染(Alk)占71%,蜱和蜱传疾病占27%,咬蝇和锥虫病占20%,口蹄疫和黑斑病各占20%。58.60%的牲畜饲养者全年多次给牲畜治疗,他们在临时市场发现药物,有时在农场发现药物。湿季蜱和叮蝇分别占61%和39%,干季蜱和叮蝇分别占91%和9%。
Study on Prevalence of Parasitic Diseases in Cattle in Abyei Area – Sudan
Accepted 1 March, 2012 This study was designed to compare information on parasitic diseases occurrence in nomadic cattle herds in Abyei area. Collection of data from the veterinary records, Veterinary drug centres, questionnaire and external parasites, faecal and blood samples from animals were carried out for one year. The clinical records showed that, parasitic diseases constitute a major problem, and formed 53% of the total diseases recorded in the clinical records. Veterinary drug centers records also revealed that, within parasitic drugs, anthelmentic drugs were the most used in high quantities constituting 48%, then blood parasites as 37% and external parasites drugs which were 15%. During the wet season, many cattle herds were found in a restricted area sharing the available water and pasture. There were no proper slaughter houses, and also disposal of the offals and carcasses during meat inspection. Cattle parasitic diseases were surveyed at four administrative units in the study area at Muglad, Mayram, Abyei and Dibab. Faecal samples, blood smear, ticks and biting flies were collected. The results of this survey showed the followings: the faecal samples from cattle using floatation and sedimentation methods showed that: Paramphistomum sp. constituted 11.25%, Fasciola gigantica 5.00% , Schistosoma bovis, 1.50%, Oesophagustomum sp. 2.50% , Moniezia sp. 0.63% and Eimeria sp. 4.38%. The occurrence of internal parasites was found higher during the wet season. Blood smear examination revealed that there were Theileria species and Babesia sp. at prevalence rates of 5.88 and 5.15% respectively. Theileria sp. was more prevalent in Muglad compared to other locations, while Babesia was more frequently detected in Mayram. It is noticeable that the overall prevalence is almost the same for the two parasites. Herds were found to be 100% infested with hard ticks. 9 different tick species were identified. They belong to three genera: Amblyomma, Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus. Identified tick species collected from cattle, sheep, goats and camel were: Amblyomma lepidum, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus evertsi, Rhipicephalus simus. simus, Boophilus decoloratus, Hyalomma marginatum rufipes, Hyalomma anatolicum excavatum, Hyalomma truncatum and Hyalomma dromedarii . The most abundant tick species were R. sanguineus (38.60%), A. lepidum (29.06%) and H. m. rufipes (27.91%). The total count of ticks showed that A. lepidum and Hyalomma m. rufipes were actively distributed throughout the year among the hosts with relative preference to cattle and camel. Similarly R. sanguineus had a significant distribution in sheep with restricted presence on other animal species. The biting flies identified revealed; Atylotus agrystus, Atylotus fuscipus, Tabanus taeniola and Ancala latipes . The total count showed that, A. agrystus and T. taeniola were actively distributed in the area. Parasitic disease burden as calculated for individual animals revealed that examined animals (100%) were infested with ticks. 64% of the animals were infested with ticks only. The rest showed 32% with one internal parasite and ticks, and 4% with two internal parasites and ticks. The nomads were found scattered during the dry season, whereas they were found in concentration in five locations during the wet season. The main water sources in the wet season are Rahad, Butta, Hafeir and Al Wadi. Whereas in the dry season, the main water sources are Ragaba and Downki and other additional sources such as Hafeir, Id and Bahr Al Arab. The animal owners have a good knowledge about the parasitic diseases and their symptoms, but their knowledge about the treatment and control was not adequate. They ranked the most important diseases as follows: mixed infection (Alk) 71%, Ticks and tick-borne diseases 27%, Biting flies and Trypanosomosis 20%, Foot and mouth disease and Black quarter as 20% each. The majority of the livestock keepers were 58.60% treating their animals several times throughout the year, and they find the drug in the temporary markets and sometimes in the (Farig). Ticks were 61 and 39%for biting flies were found during wet season, whereas, in the dry season 91% ticks and 9% biting flies.