Journal of Cell and Animal Biology最新文献

{"title":"Biological targeting and drug delivery in control of Leishmaniasis","authors":"Partha Roy, R. G. Auddy, A. Mukherjee","doi":"10.5897/JCAB11.096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB11.096","url":null,"abstract":"Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Leishmania. Visceral leishmaniasis is the most severe type and is transmitted by the phlebotomine sandflies of genera Lutzomyia (New World) or Phlebotomus (Old World) to human and other vertebrates. Leishmaniasis is widespread in developing countries with current mortality rate of 50 thousand deaths per year. The parasites adopt different biochemical approaches to evade the host immune system. Knowledge in chemical control of leishmaniasis is currently emerging and not many drugs are available. Control of parasite is complex and WHO has put an ardent appeal for development of drugs and delivery devices against leishmaniasis. Main-stay in treatment of leishmaniasis is pentavalent antimonials but second-line drugs like amphotericin B and pentamidine are available. Clinical acceptability of drugs is poor due to severe toxicity, poor bioavailability, improper localization and recent appearance of resistant variants. Interest in leishmanicidal chemotherapy is therefore renewed and biochemical strategies or improved delivery appear to be a solution. Trends in control of leishmaniasis also include specific applications of low-cost, locally available plant drugs in different delivery devices. This work attempts to present a comprehensive overview of the different approaches to targeted leishmanicidal chemotherapy.","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"2013 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82661873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth arrest induction of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by serum starvation and their differentiation by the hormonal adipogenic cocktail","authors":"Zhenhui Cao, Hui Yang, Ling-guo Kong, Dahai Gu, Zhan-Long He, Zhiqiang Xu, Junjing Jia, C. Ge, Qiuye Lin","doi":"10.5897/JCAB11.074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB11.074","url":null,"abstract":"The current methods for differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes start with growth arrest by contact inhibition. However, on day 6, 3T3-L1 preadipocytes reliably detach and differentiation could no longer proceed. In the present study, we used serum starvation to induce growth arrest in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and investigated their differentiation by the modified hormonal adipogenic cocktail. About 85% of 3T3-L1 cells were in G0/G1 stage under serum deprivation. There were no significant difference between the percentage of cells in G0/G1 phase under these serum deprivation condition and that of post-confluent cells. Growth assays indicated that cells under serum starvation condition grew slow, two-days later than growing and post-confluent cells. We determined that 0.5% FBS for 48 h was the optimal condition to arrest 3T3-L1 cells at the G0/G1 phase. The grow-arrested 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were induced to differentiation by hormonal adipogenic cocktail. After 19 days of differentiation, over 90% 3T3-L1 cells exhibited adipocyte morphology with ring-like lipid droplet in cytoplasm. The mRNA levels of critical transcriptional factor CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins-α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ were determined to validate the differentiation. These results indicated that serum starvation effectively arrested the growth of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and prevented cells from detachemnt caused by contact inhibition at confluence. Furthermore, growth arrested 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by serum starvation successfully differentiated into adipocytes by the hormonal adipogenic cocktail.","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77559654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of mice, sheep and human IgG and IgE antibody responses against the mice Crude Hydatid Cyst Fluid (HCF) antigens","authors":"A. Khosravi, M. Shamsi, N. Sadeghifard, G. Sobhan","doi":"10.5897/JCAB11.098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB11.098","url":null,"abstract":"Hydatidosis is a dangerous parasitic disease which commonly occurs in humans and animals. It annually causes many economic and health problems throughout the world. The existing diagnostic kit uses sheep cystic fluid antigen as an available antigen to evaluate the human IgG antibody. The current study was designed to evaluate an alternative antigen which is the mice HCF antigen for such diagnosing kit. For this purpose the IgG responses in sera of human, mice and sheep against the mice crude hydatid fluid antigens was applied using ELISA and Western Blot. Thirty Balb/c mice were immunized using sheep hydatid cyst and complete freunds adjuants. The hydatid cyst fluid antigens of human and sheep were obtained from naturally infected human and sheep and for mice from experimentally infected mice with protoscolices of hydatid cysts (HC). Antigens were used in ELISA and SDS PAGE after their concentrations were measured applying Bradford procedure. Thirty positive samples sera from mice, sheep and human were employed as the case and 30 healthy sera from each as the control group. The statistic analysis tests were ANOVA and post Hoc Analysis Model. The highest mice antibody response against mice HCF antigens was IgGAM antibody (with mean OD value 0.4) while the lowest was IgE (with mean OD value 0.26).  The best antibody response was seen for human total IgG against mice HCF with mean OD value of 0.71 while the lowest response against this antigen belonged to human IgG3 and IgE each with mean OD value of 0.12.  ANOVA analysis indicated significant differences between the human IgG class and subclass responses to mice HCF antigens (P < 0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA for antibody responses to this antigen was mostly more than 90% almost for all sera of different hosts. The mean OD value of sheep IgG against mice HCF antigen was 0.34. The studied sera (mice, human and sheep) considerably showed a positive response against mice HCF antigens by ELISA test. The human and mice sera showed a higher response over the sheep sera in that their mean OD values and their OD ratio were significantly higher than that for the sheep. Totally there are some immune responses from the serum of each animal recognizing the crude hydatid cyst fluid antigen of mice. According to the results of the current study the mice HCF is an appropriate candidate for diagnosing of hydatidosis of human and animal. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Hydatid cyst, cross-reaction, IgG response, hydatid cyst fluid.","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"22 1","pages":"66-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87518015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological characteristic of an embryonic fibroblast line from Xiaoshan chicken for genetic conservation","authors":"W. Guan, Dianjun Wang, C. Bai, Ming-hai Zhang, Changli Li, Yuehui Ma","doi":"10.5897/JCAB11.089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB11.089","url":null,"abstract":"A fibroblast line from embryos of Xiaoshan chicken was established successfully by direct culture of explants and cryopreservation techniques. The cells were morphologically consistent with fibroblasts, and the population doubling time (PDT) was about 46.72 h. According to karyotyping and G-banding, the diplontic cells with 78 chromosomes accounted for 98.58±1.27% of the total cells. The cells were tested for microbial contamination and they were free of infections from bacteria, fungi, viruses and mycoplasmas. There were no cross-contamination from other cell lines as revealed by isoenzyme polymorphism analysis of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH). Three fluorescent protein genes were transfected into the Xiaoshan chicken embryonic fibroblasts and the transfection efficiencies of these genes were between 12.72 and 35.89%. All the tests showed that the quality of the cell line conformed to the quality criteria of the American type culture collection (ATCC). This work had not only preserved the precious genetic resources of Xiaoshan chicken, but also explored a new protocol to preserve the endangered animal breeds. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Xiaoshan chicken, fibroblasts, genetic conservation, biological characteristics.","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":"46-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74344147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of zearalenone contamination in wheat and rice in Chaharmahal va Bakhtyari, Iran","authors":"M. Rashedi, Mohammad Ali Ashjaazadeh, H. Sohrabi, H. Azizi, E. Rahimi","doi":"10.5897/JCAB11.097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB11.097","url":null,"abstract":"Zearalenone (Mycotoxin F2) is a mycotoxin produced by genus Fusarium in cereals. This mycotoxin is a non-steroidal metabolite with esterogenic-like effects that causes reproductive problems in animals specially swine (infertility, abortion) and hyperestrogenism in women. The current study explores zearalenone contamination in wheat and rice. A total of 35 samples were collected from ShahreKord (Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari Province) in spring and summer 2010, which contained 15 wheat samples and 20 rice samples. The samples were analyzed by using direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dcELISA). In 35 analyzed samples, zearalenone was found in 2 samples (5.7%) with a mean level of 89 µg kg-1. Only in rice samples zearalenone were detected (10%), while there was not any contamination in wheat samples. The results of this study show zearalenone from exposed wheat and rice would not be of health concern for Public Health in Iran. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Zearalenone (ZEN), wheat, rice, direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dcELISA), Iran.","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"6 1","pages":"54-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87939853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulating effects of quercetin on aldehyde oxidase (OX-LDL) and hepatocytes injury in Streptozotocin- induced diabetic rat","authors":"Mina Bakhshaeshi, A. Khaki, F. Fathiazad, S. Imani, A. Khaki, Elham Ghadamkheir","doi":"10.5897/JCAB11.084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB11.084","url":null,"abstract":"Quercetin (QR) is a strong antioxidant and long-term treatment for STZ-diabetic animals and it has been shown to reduce oxidative stress. Antioxidants have essential effect on liver diseases. Enhanced oxidative stress and changes in antioxidant capacity are considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic diabetes mellitus. Wistar male rat (n = 40) were allocated into three groups, control group (n = 10) and (QR) groups that received 15 mg/kg, (n = 10) and diabetic group that received 55 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) (n = 20) which was subdivided to two groups of 10; STZ group and treatment group. Treatment group received 55 mg/kg STZ plus 15 mg/kg QR, daily for 4 weeks, respectively; however, the control group just received an equal volume of distilled water daily. Diabetes was induced by a single injection of STZ (55 mg/kg). Animals were kept in standard condition. In 28 day after inducing diabetic, serums were collected for total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde concentration (MDA) and oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) levels and liver tissues of rat in whole groups were removed then prepared for apoptosis analysis by Tunel method. TAC was significantly decreased in diabetics group (P<0.05) in comparison to control and (QR) groups, MDA and Ox-LDL were significantly increased in diabetics groups (P<0.05). Conclusively, in our study 15 mg/kg QR, has significant preventive the effect on liver cells damages so it seems that using it can be effective for treatment in diabetic rat. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Antioxidant, cell injury, diabetes.","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"204 1","pages":"41-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72922940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of selenium and vitamin E and night or day feeding on performance of Holstein dairy cows during hot weather","authors":"A. Tahmasbi, M. Kazemi, Mohammad Mahdi Moheghi, J. Bayat, A. Shahri","doi":"10.5897/JCAB11.049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB11.049","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was carried out to evaluate the selenium-vitamin E and night time or day time feeding on performance of Holstein dairy cows in heat stress. A total of 20 Holstein dairy cows (86±10 days postpartum and 600±20 kg BW) were randomly assigned to 4 treatments in a 2×2 factorial design and received a ration according to National Research Council (NRC) 2001 formulation. All dairy cows were divided into four groups, two groups were fed day time (5 cows for each group) and two groups were fed night time. One group from each day time and night time feeding groups was injected intramuscularly with 10 ml from a solution of selenium-vitamin E (each ml contains 0.5 mg selenium as sodium selenite and 50 mg vitamin E as dl-α-tocopheryl acetate) every 2 week. Night time feeding with selenium-vitamin E group was observed to have higher feed intake (kg DM/day), milk yield and milk persistency than other treatments (p>0.05). Night time feeding group had a higher dry matter intake (DMI) (kg/weight metabolic) than day time feeding group (p 0.05). The respiration rate for day time feeding group was observed to be higher than night time feeding group (p>0.05). Also blood plasma parameters, NH3-N and pH of rumen fluid were not affected by the treatments. Although night time feeding with selenium-vitamin E group in comparison of other treatments had no significant effect on milk production, DMI, blood plasma parameters, rumen fluid and physiologic condition, but it seems the performance of dairy cow for night time feeding with selenium-vitamin E can alleviate the effects of heat stress. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Dairy cows, heat stress, day time feeding, night time feeding, selenium-vitamin E.","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"33-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82369962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the potential of human mesenchymal stem cell engrafted after in utero transplantation in murine model","authors":"I. Groza, D. Pop, M. Cenariu, P. Emoke","doi":"10.5897/JCAB11.076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB11.076","url":null,"abstract":"Mesenchymal stem cells derived from human placenta (hPMSc) is an important alternative source of adult stem cells. These cells with multilinear capacity represent a biological material important for regenerative medicine. In this study, we established a mouse model for in utero transplantation of hPMCs to investigate if these cells would affect long-term, organ-specific engraftment. Murine model results can be extrapolated in human medicine in the treatment of various diseases. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words:  Placenta, mesenchymal stem cells, engraftment, in utero transplantation.","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"60 1","pages":"21-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87638553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new species of the genus Hilethera Uvarov (Oedipodinae: Acrididae: Orthoptera) from Pakistan","authors":"B. A. Bughio, R. Sultana, M. Wagan","doi":"10.5897/JCAB12.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB12.008","url":null,"abstract":"The subfamily Oedipodinae has considerable economic importance in Pakistan. It poses constant threat to pastures, orchards and variety of crops in both irrigated and rain-fed areas. Amongst its members, the genus Hilethera has not been studied extensively and it was described by Uvarov in 1925. It comprised two species: Hilethera hierichonica Uvarov and Hilethera aeolopoides Uvarov, but at present, we have added one new species, Hilethera balucha to this genus. This new species is closely related to Trilophidia annulata Thunberg because it has a refined body form but can easily be separated from the same on the following bases: it has the structure of pronotum; its anterior projections are conical, extending outwardly. It has lateral plates with convex median process, has shorter ancorae placed angularly, and has hyaline wings that are transparent with a smoky marginal band, and slightly greenish at the base. This insect has been collected from rocky areas with scattered vegetation that consists of grasses and herbs. H. balocha new species is described from Balochistan Province of Pakistan. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Oedipodinae, new species, Hilethera Balocha, Balochistan.","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"49 1","pages":"29-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86726149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New host records for fish nematodes from Iran","authors":"J. Pazooki, F. N. Chamak, M. Masoumian","doi":"10.5897/JCAB11.073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB11.073","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the infections of nematodes in fish. A total of 244 fish specimens were examined in four stations (Halil, Shur, Konarooieh and Jafar Abad) of Kerman province southeastern Iran from June 2009 to June 2010. The fish under investigation were: Capoeta damascina (109 specimens), Cyprinion watsoni (79 specimens), Schistura sargadensis (34 specimens) and Channa gachua (22 specimens). The detected parasites were Rhabdochona macrostoma, Rhabdochona denudata, Contracaecum micropapillatum and Hepaticola petruschewkii. Of these C. damascina, C. watsoni, S. sargadensis and C. gachua were introduced as new hosts for these nematodes. The parasites R. macrostoma and C. micropapillatum were the first to be recorded for these nematodes in Iran. The overall prevalence and the mean intensity of infections were 69.67 and 11.17%, respectively. Nematode parasites are frequent in freshwater fish of different regions in Iran and must be taken into consideration for aquaculture. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Parasites, Kerman Province, rhabdochonidae, anisakidae, capillaridae, cyprinidae, chanidae.","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"35 1","pages":"15-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72650564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}