Journal of Cell and Animal Biology最新文献

{"title":"Reproductive and productive performance of Kereyu Sanga cattle in Fentalle District of Oromia Region, Ethiopia","authors":"Shiferaw Garoma","doi":"10.5897/JCAB2014.0404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB2014.0404","url":null,"abstract":"This study was carried out to generate information on some productive and reproductive performance of Kereyu Sanga cattle in their home tract. The data was collected through questionnaire from 114 Kereyu Sanga cattle owners. Fifty four third parity lactating Kereyu Sanga cows were randomly selected for milk yield measurement. According to the respondents, the mean age at puberty, age at first calving, lactation length and calving interval for Kereyu Sanga cows were 47.5, 54.1, 8.5 and 18 months, respectively, with associated lifetime calf crop production of 7.1 and reproductive lifespan of 13.2 year. The overall fertility rate of Kereyu Sanga cows was 55.4%. The mean reported age at puberty and reproductive life span for Kereyu Sanga bulls were 49 months and 9.2 years, respectively. The mean reported daily and lactation milk yield of Kereyu sanga cows were 1.8 and 463.1 L, respectively, whereas the mean measured third parity daily and lactation milk yield were 2 and 543 L, respectively. The reported variations both in some productive and reproductive performance and the observed variations in measured milk yield among the individual animals under such harsh environment indicate the possibility of improving the performance of this adapted Sanga breed through selection in their home tract so as to enhance their contribution towards poverty alleviation. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Cattle, fertility, Kereyu Sanga breed, lactation, milk yield, reproduction.","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"54 1","pages":"28-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78378165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increase of Ace-1 resistance allele in the field population of Anopheles gambiae following a large scale indoor residual spraying (IRS) implementation using bendiocarb in Atacora region in Benin, West Africa","authors":"Nazaire Aïzoun, A. Sovi, Olivier Oussou, R. Govoétchan, V. Gnanguénon, Frédéric Oké-Agbo, R. Ossè, M. Akogbeto","doi":"10.5897/JCAB2013.0399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB2013.0399","url":null,"abstract":"R mutation was found in both An. gambiae s.s. and An. coluzzi with frequency of 7.33 and 7.35%, respectively. The high proportion of homozygous susceptible specimens that survived from the WHO bioassays suggests the implication of biochemical resistance mechanisms. These results are of prime importance in the effort to document multiple impacts of operational control programmes on mosquito vectors, and to conceive sustainable control strategies for future malaria control programmes.","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"6 1","pages":"15-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80163977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological responses of dairy animals to recombinant bovine somatotropin: A review","authors":"B. Soliman E., A. A. EL-Barody M.","doi":"10.5897/JCAB12.043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB12.043","url":null,"abstract":"Recombinant bovine somatotropins (rbST) have been synthesized and manufactured using recombinant DNA (rDNA) techniques. The rbST has increased milk production in dairy animals, including cow, sheep and goats. There are management factors including dosage of rbST, injection interval, genetic potential and environmental conditions which affect the magnitude of the animal-response to rbST. For dairy cows, the optimal dose of rbST treatment is between 25 and 50 mg/day. Daily injection of rbST may produce better response, but sustained-release formulations of rbST are more practical. The magnitude of milk production response to rbST range from 10 to 35% in dairy cows. The rbST has no or little effects on the milk composition, processing properties and taste. The rbST did not affect digestion of feeds or the efficiency of utilizing absorbed nutrients for milk synthesis, and it has no or little effect on rumen fermentation, flow of nutrients to the small intestine and total tract digestibility, but it improves the feed efficiency in dairy cows. The rbST induced significant increase in serum bST. It has a galactopoietic effect, since it increase the metabolic activity of mammary cells or slow their involution, thereby allowing more secretory cells to persist over time and contribute to increasing milk synthesis and yield. It has a great impact on mammary gland development and subsequently milk-producing capacity in dairy heifers. The rbST increase the hypothyroid status of lactating cows and maintain euthyroid condition in the mammry gland, thus enhancing its metabloic priority. The rbST did not adversely affect reproduction, and the observed decreases in reproductive performance in rbST-treated cows may be attributed more to the increases in milk yield than to direct effect of rbST. The increased production responses to rbST in heat-stressed dairy cows is less than that under more moderate conditions. The incidence of mastitis in rbST-treated cows is due more to increased milk yield than to any direct effects of rbST. The rbST was efficacious in increasing milk yields in sheep and goats without adverse effects. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Recombinant bovine somatotropin, dairy animals, physiological responses.","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82303591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of antibiotic resistance genes of Escherichia coli from domestic livestock in south east Nigeria with DNA microarray","authors":"Chijioke A. Nsofor, Christian U. Iroegbu Douglas R. Call, M. Davies","doi":"10.5897/JCAB2013.0386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB2013.0386","url":null,"abstract":"DNA microarray was developed for detection of up to 90 antibiotic resistance genes in Escherichia coli by hybridization. Each antibiotic resistance gene was represented by two specific oligonucleotides chosen from consensus sequences of gene families. A total of 203 oligonucleotides (50-100 base) were spotted onto the microarray. The sequence identity of each gene was compared with GenBank sequen-ces, biotin was used as the positive control and 16s rRNA as orientation. Of the 40 E. coli isolates analyzed in this study, 37 were identified as having, at least, one antibiotic resistance gene. Among the different antibiotic resistance genes detected, bla-CMY-2 and strA were the most prevalent occurring in 28 (70%) of the isolates, respectively. Other common genes included were TEM1 11(27.5%), Sul2 14 (35%) and TetA 21(52.5%). The microarray genotyping corresponded with the phenotype of the strains. The disposable microarray presents the advantage of rapidly screening bacteria for the pre-sence of known antibiotic resistance genes. This technology has a large potential for applications in basic research, food safety, and surveillance programs for antimicrobial resistance. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: DNA microarray, antibiotic resistance, Escherichia coli.","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"14 1","pages":"149-163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77118767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii samples from Dakar","authors":"A. Ndiaye, P. M. Sembène, N. Faye, D. Ndiaye, D. Ajzenberg, Sall Nd, Ben Sikina Toguebaye","doi":"10.5897/JCAB2013.0382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB2013.0382","url":null,"abstract":"Toxoplasmosis is an anthropozoonosis of medical and veterinary importance, caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. Oocysts shed by felids play a key role in parasite transmission as they contaminate meat-producing animals, vegetables and water consumed later by humans. In this work, we aimed to identify T. gondii isolated in Dakar (Senegal). The modified multiplex PCR technique based on length polymorphism of 15 microsatellite markers was used on a total of 10 isolates. The study shows that stem called Africa 1 or Type I / III (90%) and Africa 2 or Type I / II / III (10%) circulate in Dakar. Toxoplasma isolates and DNA extraction for genotyping analysis was performed directly on clinical samples for 56 patients and indirectly on infected mouse tissue (brain or ascitic fluid) or infected cell cultures after inoculation of clinical samples for 32 patients. These first results need to be followed by more extensive investigations. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Genotype, toxoplasmosis, Toxoplasma gondii.","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"74 1","pages":"144-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77182762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of longevity traits and lifetime productivity of crossbred dairy cows in the Tropical Highlands of Ethiopia","authors":"K. Effa, Diriba Hunde, Molla Shumiye, Roman H. Silasie","doi":"10.5897/JCAB2013.0375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB2013.0375","url":null,"abstract":"Longevity traits, lifetime milk and calf productivities are one of the primary interests of dairy cattle producers. We used lifetime data of 523 crossbred dairy cows that born between 1980 and 2003 in the central tropical highlands of Ethiopia with the purpose to evaluate longevity traits and associated lifetime milk and calf productivity. Based on the type of sires used and level of exotic gene inheritances, the crossbred dairy cows were classified in to six genetic groups. These include F1 Friesian x Boran (F1 FxBo), F1 Jersey x Boran (F1 JxBo), F2 Friesian x Boran (F2 FxBo), F2 Jersey x Boran (F2 JxBo) and 75% Friesian and Jersey inheritances. A Generalized Linear Model in the statistical analysis system (SAS, 2004) was used to analyze the data. The overall least squares means ± s. e. for total life (TL), herd life (HL), productive life (PL), lifetime milk yield (LTMY) and lifetime calf crop production were 4036 ± 126.3 days, 2675.74 ± 201.7 days, 1951.00 ± 173.8 days, 10460.6 ± 1117.4 L and 5.70 ± 0.2 calves, respectively. The overall least squares means ± s. e. for lifetime milk yield per day of total life (LTMY/TL), lifetime milk yield per day of herd life (LTMY/HL) and lifetime milk yield per day of productive life (LTMY/PL) were 2.56 ± 0.2, 3.97 ± 0.3 and 5.26 ± 0.3 L, respectively. In conclusion, first generation crosses of all types, particularly those sired by Jersey semen were superior in all the lifetime performance traits considered in this study while second generation (F2) crosses were inferior in all the lifetime productivity indicators. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Herd life, lifetime milk yield, longevity, productive life.","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"254 1","pages":"138-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91304021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations in the epithelial cords of the ovaries of a microchiropteran bat, Hipposideros speoris (Schneider) during reproductive cycle: An enzymic approach","authors":"M. S. Sastry, S. Pillai","doi":"10.5897/JCAB07.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB07.013","url":null,"abstract":"The ovaries of Hipposideros speoris were studied histologically and histochemically for the enzymes, 3β-hydroxysteriod dehydrogenase (3β-HSDH), Succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) and lipid from July 2005 to 2006. The interstitial cells or so called “epithelial cords” showed variations in their distribution, morphology, enzymic and their association with other ovarian structures. These cords appear to be formed in the ovarian cortex by the transformation of granulosa of the primordial follicles and small preantral follicles whose ova regress and disappear. Mostly these cords were conspicuous, hypertrophied, abundant and in clusters or in zones occupying a major portion of the cortex during 4 to 5 months of gestation and also during lactation. Both histological and histochemical studies revealed their significance as steroidogenic cells. The frequency with which these structures were observed during pregnancy made it obligatory to conclude that they have a certain significant role in ovarian physiology in overtaking the function of corpus luteum after its regression. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Chiroptera, Hipposideros, ovary, epithelial cords.","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"101 1","pages":"132-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73639728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of supplementing grazing Arsi-Bale sheep with molasses-urea feed block on weight gain and economic return under farmers management condition","authors":"T. Geleta, T. Negesse, G. Abebe, A. Goetsch","doi":"10.5897/JCAB11.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB11.030","url":null,"abstract":"Sheep fattening with Molasses-urea feed block (MUB) was undertaken in Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha District at Aneno and Arba villages for 87 days during both dry (from 22 March to 17 June) and during wet season (from 19 August to 10 November, 2009). A study was conducted to determine the performance and profitability obtained from MUB supplemented grazing sheep. Molasses, urea, wheat bran, finely ground haricot bean haulm, salt, and bindinder (cement and termite mould) were used as ingredients to produce three different MUBs; Treatment two (T2), Treatment three (T3) and Treatment four (T4) with 17.72, 20.96 and 24.6% CP, respectively. Six sheep were randomly allotted to each of T1, T2, T3 and T4 during both dry and wet seasons at each village. Sheep in T4 had higher overall average daily weight gain (ADWG) (74.8 ± 11.13 g/head/day followed by T2, T3 and T1 (72.88 ± 9.27, 58.5 ± 12.98 and 33.67 ± 3.03) g/head/day, respectively. Over all total body weight gain (TBWG) of T4 was higher (6.26 ± 0.53) kg, followed by T2, T3 and T1 (6.13 ± 0.46, 4.92 ± 0.64 and 2.83 ± 0.39) kg, respectively. Differences (P 0.05). ADWG (67.96 ± 10.31) g/head/day and TBWG (5.91 ± 0.87) kg of sheep at Aneno village was significantly (P<0.05) higher than the ADWG (51.79 ± 9.41) g/head /day and TBWG (4.51 ± 0.75) kg of sheep at Arba village. Significant difference (P<0.05) in ADWG and TBWG was observed between seasons with the higher gain during wet season ( 67.33 ± 11.43) g/head/day growth rate and 5.86 ± 0.43 kg total weight gain as compared to dry season ( 52.07 ± 8.3) g/head/day growth rate and 4.53 ± 0.39 kg total weight gain. The interaction of season by village was not significantly influenced both ADWG and TBWG of sheep. Marginal rate of return of T2 is higher (123.46) followed by T3.77.16) and T4 (65.64). From the biological and economic data analysis, we can conclude and recommend that MUB with 17.72% CP could be used as supplement for sheep fattening in mid rift valley of Ethiopia. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Feed block, crude protein, weight gain, growth rate, return.","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"83 6 1","pages":"125-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77521409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of supplementation of Satureja essential oils in drinking water on immune performance of broiler chickens reared under heat stress","authors":"R. Parvar, H. Khosravinia, A. Azarfar","doi":"10.5897/JCAB2013.0392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB2013.0392","url":null,"abstract":"Phytogenic feed additives, also called as phytobiotics or botanicals, are plant-derived compounds added into diets to enhance the productivity of poultry. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of administration of Satureja khuzestanicaessential oils (SKEO) through drinking water on immune performance of broiler chicken using 720 one-day-old Arian chicks. The birds were raised under standard production practices up to 42 days of age. The birds continuously received drinking water treated with Tween 80 (Cont+; 500 ppm) or SKEO at 0 (Cont-), 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm. The mean hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) antibody titer was not significantly different among the treatments at 15, 21, 28 and 35 days of age (P>0.05). No significant differences were pointed out for relative weight of spleen, bursa and thymus at 21 days. Thymus weight reduced for the birds that received treated water but a difference was only significant for 400 ppm SKEO. The mean hetrophyle lymphocyte ratio was not significantly differing among the treatments. It is concluded that supplementation of broiler chicken drinking water with S.khuzestanica essential oils has no favorite impact on immune response of heat stressed broiler chicken. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Satureja khuzestanica, immune system, broiler chicken.","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"1 1","pages":"121-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83128432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reproductive biology of Oreochromis niloticus in Lake Beseka, Ethiopia","authors":"Lemma Abera Hirpo","doi":"10.5897/JCAB2013.0388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB2013.0388","url":null,"abstract":"Reproductive biology of Oreochromis niloticus in Beseka was studied. Samples of O.niloticus were collected monthly during September 2010 to August 2011 using different centimeter mesh sizes of gillnets. The relationship between total length and total weight was curvilinear and sex ratio was different throughout the sampling periods. The 50% sexual maturity length (L50) was estimated at 14 cm TL for females and 17 cm TL for males. Estimated fecundity was linearly related with total length and total weight of the fish. Absolute fecundity was estimated in number and range from 125 to 251 with a mean of 161 ± 2.5. The frequency of ripe gonads suggested that O. niloticus in Lake Beseka breeds throughout the year and intensive breeding coincided with the rainy seasons. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Breeding season, length-weight, Oreochromis niloticus, sex ratio, fecundity, Lake Beseka.","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"49 1","pages":"116-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85869592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}