Journal of Cell and Animal Biology最新文献

{"title":"Plasmid profile of antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli isolated from domestic animals in South-East Nigeria","authors":"Chijioke A. Nsofor, C. U. Iroegbu","doi":"10.5897/JCAB2013.0390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB2013.0390","url":null,"abstract":"Plasmid profiling is among the methods used to determine and characterize antibiotic resistance traits in bacteria. In this study, a total of 80 Escherichia coli isolate from four domestic livestock comprising cattle, goats, poultry and swine in three states of South East Nigeria were screened for antibiotic susceptibility and plasmid profiles. The isolates were tested against 14 antibiotics using the disc diffusion method while plasmid DNA was extracted using the alkaline SDS method and separated by agarose gel electrophoresis. A total of 42 different antibiotic resistance profiles were observed, with each isolate showing resistance to at least four or more drugs tested. Plasmids of different sizes were detected in the isolates. Isolates with high multi-drug resistance profiles were found to possess multiple plasmids with large sizes in the range of 1 to 120 KB. Very high resistance levels (>75%) were detected against Ampicillin, Cotrimaoxazole, Cephalothin and Streptomycin, while Nalidixic acid and Gentamycin recorded the least resistance levels of 16.3 and 12.5% respectively among the isolates. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key word: Plasmid profile, Escherichia coli, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"43 1","pages":"109-115"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77404200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermotolerance and induction of HSP70 in Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818)","authors":"R. S. Cantinha, S. I. Borrely, N. Oguiura, A. Campos, Bragança Pereira, E. Nakano","doi":"10.15580/GJCAB.2013.1.EB08291301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15580/GJCAB.2013.1.EB08291301","url":null,"abstract":"Thermotolerance is a temporary resistance against lethal temperatures. Induction of heat shock proteins (HSP), mainly HSP70, has been correlated to this response. Our research demonstrated the pre-exposure to sublethal temperatures of 30, 33 and 36 °C increased the survival of Biomphalaria glabrata to lethal temperature of 42 °C. This animal is a freshwater snail recognized as a suitable organism for experimental research. Additionally, it was observed an induction of HSP70 expression in digestive gland in all temperatures tested but not in ovotestis and head/foot tissues. Despite the higher expression of HSP70 had been detected at 30 °C, the animals exposed to 33 °C presented the highest survival. Our results indicate the increase of HSP70 is involved in the resistance to lethal temperature in B. glabrata as well other proteins.","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"3 1","pages":"001-006"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91013820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of insulin and alpha lipoic acid treatment on laminin expression in sciatic nerve of diabetic rats","authors":"M. Aldaghi, M. Jalali, M. Nikravesh, A. Fazel, M. Sankian","doi":"10.5897/JCAB2013.0372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB2013.0372","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic neuropathy is associated with changes in composition of extracellular matrix. Laminin is a major component of extracellular matrix. In this study, we investigated protective effects of insulin and alpha lipoic acid on improving of blood glucose levels, body weight and laminin expression of sciatic nerve in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in the rats by 55 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) via an intraperitoneal injection. 12 weeks after STZ treatment, laminin expression in sciatic nerves was evaluated by immunohistochemical study and real time polymerase chain reaction. Laminin expression increased in the perineurium, endoneurium and blood vessels walls in sciatic nerve of untreated diabetic rats compared to control rats. Insulin treatment significantly reduced overall laminin immunoreactivity but alpha lipoic acid treatment significantly decreased it only in the blood vessels walls. Laminin β1 mRNA level in sciatic nerve of untreated diabetic group increased 0.6 fold compared to control group. Although, alpha lipoic acid decreased this up regulation but unlike insulin, this reduction was not significant. These findings suggest that untreated diabetic neuropathy in rats might be associated with increased laminin expression and also it implies that insulin therapy is more effective than alpha lipoic acid treatment in improving hyperglycemia and laminin up-regulation in diabetic nerves. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Diabetic neuropathy, laminin, alpha lipoic acid, insulin.","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"1999 12","pages":"102-108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91548490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of transportation and thermal stress on donkeys in the Northern Guinea Savannah zone of Nigeria: A review","authors":"Ake, Ayo, Aluwong","doi":"10.5897/JCAB2013.0370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB2013.0370","url":null,"abstract":"The paper reviews transportation stress and its negative effects on physiological parameters of livestock, with emphasis on the Guinea Savannah zone of Nigeria. Stress factors acting on animals during road transportation are numerous and the responses of animals to them are complex, non-specific and often detrimental to their health and productivity. In spite of the numerous recommendations and guidelines by many countries on the welfare of animal transport order and their strict compliance by transporters, several studies report severe welfare problems during road transportation of food animals. The impact of the stress on donkeys was also reviewed. It is concluded that measures to alleviate the adverse effects of road transportation stress in livestock will improve their welfare and health. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Transportation stress, donkeys, stress, welfare, health.","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"11 1","pages":"92-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87439600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The protective effects of vitamin C and folic acid against methylmercury teratogenicity in chick embryo","authors":"G. Bekhet, M. Al-Kahtani, A. Abdel-Moneim","doi":"10.5897/JCAB2013.0368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB2013.0368","url":null,"abstract":"This study was undertaken with the aim of investigating the teratogenic effects of methylmercury (MeHg) on the chick embryos and evaluating the protective role of vitamin C and folic acid. Fertilized eggs received MeHg dose (2.5 mg/egg) alone or with addition of vitamin C (100 mM) and folic acid (100 mM) or with vitamin C and folic acid alone. Control eggs received saline. The eggs were injected on day zero of incubation. On day five, embryos were examined for viability, gross retardation and gross malformation and the hearts were processed for light and electron microscopy. Results showed that MeHg decreased the survival rate of embryos and caused gross malformations such as hypomorphic hearts, abnormal position of atria, exencephaly, hydrocephaly, anencephaly, everted viscera, microphthalmia, twisted body, limb malformation and hemorrhage, compared with control embryos. Histological examination of the hearts clearly revealed that the heart tissues have failed to develop correctly in the MeHg treated embryos. The corresponding pathological alterations were mainly characterized as cell death at the ultrastructural level. Embryos injected with MeHg plus vitamin C and folic acid were almost comparable to the control. Data obtained in this study suggest that supplementation with vitamin C and folic acid during pregnancy may prevent defects in heart development brought about by MeHg and other environmental xenobiotics. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Chick embryo, methylmercury, vitamin c, folic acid, teratogenicity.This study was undertaken with the aim of investigating the teratogenic effects of methylmercury (MeHg) on the chick embryos and evaluating the protective role of vitamin C and folic acid. Fertilized eggs received MeHg dose (2.5 mg/egg) alone or with addition of vitamin C (100 mM) and folic acid (100 mM) or with vitamin C and folic acid alone. Control eggs received saline. The eggs were injected on day zero of incubation. On day five, embryos were examined for viability, gross retardation and gross malformation and the hearts were processed for light and electron microscopy. Results showed that MeHg decreased the survival rate of embryos and caused gross malformations such as hypomorphic hearts, abnormal position of atria, exencephaly, hydrocephaly, anencephaly, everted viscera, microphthalmia, twisted body, limb malformation and hemorrhage, compared with control embryos. Histological examination of the hearts clearly revealed that the heart tissues have failed to develop correctly in the MeHg treated embryos. The corresponding pathological alterations were mainly characterized as cell death at the ultrastructural level. Embryos injected with MeHg plus vitamin C and folic acid were almost comparable to the control. Data obtained in this study suggest that supplementation with vitamin C and folic acid during pregnancy may prevent defects in heart development brought about by MeHg and other environmental xenobiotics. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Chick embryo,","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"83 1","pages":"77-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76067667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of hemicell enzyme on the performance, growth parameter, some blood factors and ileal digestibility of broiler chickens fed corn/soybean-based diets","authors":"A. Azarfar","doi":"10.5897/JCAB2013.0373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB2013.0373","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aimed to investigate the effects of supplementing diet of broiler chickens with hemicell enzyme on performance, carcass characteristics, growth parameter, blood parameters and ileal digestibility of nutrients. One hundred and eighty day-old Ross 308 strain broiler type chickens were randomly assigned to three treatments with five replicate pens containing 12 birds in each experimental diets containing 0, 0.5, and 1 g/kg of hemicell enzyme. All diets were calculated to be iso-nutritive to meet or exceed the nutrient requirements recommended by the National Research Council (NRC, 1994) for broilers. Growth parameters were estimated for each group using Gompertz model (2008). At day 35, titanium oxide (1 g/kg of feed) was added to all diets for five days and used as an analytical marker to determine digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and crude fat. At 6 weeks of age, blood samples were collected via wing vein to harvest plasma for biochemical analyses. During the starter phase, grower phase and the course of study, body weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) did not significantly differ among the treatments (P>0.05). Hemicell enzyme in broiler diets had no significant effect on dressed weight, kitchen carcass, breast muscle, thigh and gizzard percentages (P>0.05), but had significant effect on heart and liver percentages (P 0.05). Dietary inclusion of hemicell enzyme significantly increased plasma concentration of glucose (P = 0.064). Plasma concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) were not affected by the dietary treatments (P>0.05). Plasma concentrations of high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration were significantly affected by enzyme supplementation (P<0.05). The ileal digestibility of fat and protein was significantly improved by hemicell enzyme addition (p<0.05). The results of this study showed that supplementing broiler diets by hemicell enzyme did not improve production performance and ileal digestibility of crude fat and crude protein in broiler chickens. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Hemicell enzyme, broiler chickens, growth parameter, blood factors, ileal digestibility.","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"42 1","pages":"85-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80602619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytoarchitecture of the cerebellum in fluoride and aluminium toxicity","authors":"I. Akinrinade, O. Ogundele, Memudu Ae, S. Obia","doi":"10.5897/JCAB2013.0366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB2013.0366","url":null,"abstract":"Drinking water is a major source of fluoride and aluminium intake and these substances are known to cross the blood-brain barrier and alter the structure and function of neural tissues. One concern that has not been fully investigated is the link between fluoride, aluminium and their effects on the central nervous system. Twenty female Wistar rats were used for this investigation. Fifteen which served as the treatment group were given sodium fluoride, aluminium fluoride and their combination. The control was given distilled water for 21 days. The cerebellum was excised and histological investigations were carried out using routine Haematoxylin and Eosin, Periodic-acid Schiff and Cresyl violet stains. Results revealed appearance of vacuolar spaces, cellular fragmentation and ghost-like appearance of neuronal cells of the treatment group, while the cells of the control group appeared intact with regular cell morphology and intact cellular integrity. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Sodium fluoride, aluminium chloride, cerebellum, neurotoxicity","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"55 1","pages":"67-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81456093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human amoebiasis in Multan, Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"Z. Tasawar, M. H. Lashari, Asma Anjum, Fariha Aziz","doi":"10.5897/JCAB2013.0377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB2013.0377","url":null,"abstract":"To determine the overall prevalence of human amoebiasis at Nishtar Hospital Multan, Punjab, stool samples (n = 766) were collected from patients visiting Nishtar Hospital Multan. Temporary mounts were prepared for determine amoebiasis. Out of 766 patients, 66 were infected with Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar/Entamoeba moshkovskii. The overall prevalence of parasites was 8.61%. It was more prevalent in females (9.46%) as compared to males (8.15%). The relationship between sex and human amoebiasis was non-significant (P>0.05). The prevalence of amoebiasis was highest in age group of 33 to 48 years (16.67%) and lowest in 49 to 63 years (3.45%). The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The high prevalence may be attributed to low sanitary conditions in the region. The protozoan parasites did not show gender specific differences. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Prevalence, age, sex, amoebiasis, humans.","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"10 1 1","pages":"73-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80927264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of adding different dietary levels of guar meal on productive performance of laying hens","authors":"S. Hassan","doi":"10.5897/JCAB2013.0362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB2013.0362","url":null,"abstract":"This study was set up to evaluate the effect of different dietary levels of guar meal (GM) on productive performance of laying hens. One hundred and eighty 25-weeks-old Hisex laying hens were randomly distributed among 5 treatments with 6 replicates of 6 hens each. Hens were fed layer diets supplemented with either 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 or 20.0% GM for 8 weeks trail period (25 to 33 weeks). Body weight, mortality rate, body weight gain, egg production, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, egg weight, egg mass, egg specific gravity, Haugh unit and egg yolk color were recorded. The results obtained in the present study showed that final body weight and body weight gain were significantly the lowest in hens fed 10.0 and 20.0% GM when compared with the other treatments, but no significant differences were noticed among hens fed either 0.0, 2.5, 5.0, or 10.0% GM. Mortality rate was significantly higher in hens fed 0.0% GM than those fed 5.0 or 20.0% GM, but no differences were observed between hens fed either 2.5 or 10.0% GM and the other treatments. Hens fed 20.0% GM showed significantly the lowest egg number and percentage produced, feed consumption, egg weight, and egg mass per hen when compared with the remaining treatments. However, hens fed 20.0% GM exhibited the highest feed conversion ratio and egg specific gravity when compared with the other treatments. Hens fed 5.0 and 10.0% GM produced eggs with more yellowness values than those fed 0.0% GM, but there were no differences between hens fed either 2.5 or 20.0% GM and the other treatments. We conclude that GM can be added into diet up to 10.0% without adverse effects on productive performance of laying hen. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Egg Production, performance, guar meal, laying hens.","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"40 1","pages":"57-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78604333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary arginine supplementation altered expression of IGFs and IGF receptors in weaning piglets","authors":"Rongjun Chen, Wence Wang, Shengbin Liu, Jie Pan, Tiejun Li, Yulong Yin","doi":"10.5897/JCAB12.053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JCAB12.053","url":null,"abstract":"Young piglets have a high requirement of arginine for growth and metabolic function, but the sow milk or endogenous synthesis cannot provide enough arginine for maximal growth. Dietary Arginine supplementation can improve the immunity of early-weaned piglets and enhance the skeletal muscle synthesis for growth. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway is an important regulatory factor in regulating fetal and placental growth, proliferation, differentiation, migration and aggregation, and inhibits apoptosis of mammalian cells. However, how the insulin-like growth factor system expression altered in piglets with dietary arginine supplementation, and whether arginine plays a role in IGF system secretion is little noticed. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary arginine supplementation in modulation IGF system of weanling piglets. Twelve 21-day-old healthy piglets (Landrace×Yorkshire) with a mean body weight (BW) were assigned randomly to two treatments representing diets supplemented with 0.6% L-arginine and 1.23% L-alanine (isonitrogenous control). At 28 days of age, 12 piglets were killed and longissimus muscle, liver and kidney were collected. Components of IGF signaling pathway mRNA expression were examined in three tissues, IGF1 was increased in three tissues of arginine group (P<0.05). IGF2 was increased in muscle of arginine group. Both muscle and liver had a higher level of IGFBP5 with arginine supplementation (P<0.05). These data suggest an important role of arginine in modulation of IGF signal pathway and the involvement of IGF and IGF receptors in the improved growth performance. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: L-Arginine, IGFs, early-weaned piglets.","PeriodicalId":15216,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cell and Animal Biology","volume":"76 1","pages":"44-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83122911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}