Journal of Cardiovascular Echography最新文献

{"title":"Rheumatoid Arthritis Presenting with Multivalvular Regurgitation, Conduction Block, and Multisite Aneurysms: A Case Report With Histologic Confirmation.","authors":"Mattia Alberti, Maria Grazia Delle Donne, Vitantonio Cito, Giulia Martinelli, Doralisa Morrone, Paolo Caravelli, Michele Celiento, Andrea Colli, Francesca Bosco, Angela Pucci, Giovanni Donato Aquaro, Emanuele Neri, Raffaele De Caterina, Paola Capozza","doi":"10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_5_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_5_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiac involvement in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is uncommon and often clinically silent, but may encompass valvular, structural, and conduction system abnormalities. Involvement of the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa (MAIVF) and the membranous interventricular septum is exceptionally rare and has not been previously described in RA. A 61-year-old man with longstanding seropositive RA presented with syncope due to intermittent complete atrioventricular block. Multimodality imaging revealed severe degenerative mitral regurgitation, moderate-to-severe aortic regurgitation, a pseudoaneurysm of the MAIVF extending into the left ventricular outflow tract, and a membranous interventricular septal aneurysm. Infective and congenital etiologies were excluded by repeated negative blood cultures, 18F-FDG PET, and comprehensive imaging. The patient underwent successful surgical mitral and aortic valve replacement. Histopathological analysis demonstrated rheumatoid nodules within both excised valves, confirming immune-mediated valvular involvement. Persistent conduction abnormalities required permanent pacemaker implantation. This report describes the first documented case of a MAIVF pseudoaneurysm in a patient with RA, associated with multivalvular disease and high-grade conduction disturbance. The findings highlight the potential for severe, atypical cardiac manifestations of RA in the absence of active systemic inflammation and underscore the pivotal role of multimodality imaging and multidisciplinary evaluation in establishing diagnosis and guiding management.</p>","PeriodicalId":15191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Echography","volume":"36 3","pages":"335-339"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13485271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence and Echocardiography: From Literacy to Leadership, Redefining Roles, Responsibilities, and Sustainability in the Artificial Intelligence-driven Echocardiography Era.","authors":"Andrea Barbieri, Francesca Mantovani, Mattia Malaguti, Francesca Bursi","doi":"10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_29_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_29_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly reshaping echocardiography, evolving from experimental applications to regulated clinical tools that automate acquisition, quantification, and outcome prediction. Yet for many practitioners, AI terminology remains elusive and disconnected from routine care. This review provides an educational and conceptual framework to bridge technical innovation with clinical reasoning. We outline the foundations of AI literacy, covering machine learning, deep learning, dataset construction, and validation, while appraising the literature through contemporary methodological standards for cardiovascular imaging AI. We then describe four progressive levels of clinical value, from automation and standardization to disease phenotyping, prognostic modeling, and sustainability. Particular emphasis is placed on explainable AI, governance models, AI-ready laboratories, and the need for external validation and postdeployment accountability. Beyond efficiency, AI has ethical and societal implications: Cloud-based platforms and hub-and-spoke models may democratize access to high-quality echocardiography, supporting more equitable global care. Finally, we discuss evolving professional roles, educational frameworks, and the integration of generative and multimodal AI. The overarching goal is to guide clinicians from basic literacy to informed leadership in an era where echocardiography is increasingly AI-integrated rather than merely AI assisted.</p>","PeriodicalId":15191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Echography","volume":"36 4","pages":"355-365"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13601924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149038567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recurrent Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Severe Aortic Stenosis: A Case of Heyde's Syndrome.","authors":"Prajakta Kakde, Vangala Uday Kumar, Shourya Acharya, Sunil Kumar, Saket Satyasham Toshniwal, Anusha Jha","doi":"10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_20_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_20_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heyde's syndrome is a recognized but often underdiagnosed cause of recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding in elderly patients, characterized by the triad of severe aortic stenosis, gastrointestinal angiodysplasia, and acquired von Willebrand factor (vWF) deficiency. We report the case of a 72-year-old male who presented with recurrent melena over 6 months, associated with progressive anemia and fatigue. Despite multiple hospitalizations and repeated upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy, no bleeding source was identified. Further evaluation revealed severe calcific aortic stenosis on echocardiography and evidence of acquired vWF deficiency. Capsule endoscopy identified angiodysplasia in the proximal jejunum. The patient was initially managed with supportive and endoscopic measures; however, due to persistent bleeding, he underwent surgical aortic valve replacement. Following valve replacement, gastrointestinal bleeding resolved completely, hemoglobin levels normalized, and vWF multimers were restored. This case highlights the importance of recognizing the diagnostic triad of Heyde's syndrome and supports aortic valve replacement as definitive therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Echography","volume":"36 4","pages":"485-487"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13600633/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149038834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prognostic and Diagnostic Role of Atrial Strain in Cardiomyopathies: A Literature Review.","authors":"Beatrice Dal Passo, Renè Tezze, Federica Frascaro, Sofia Meossi, Carmen Izzo, Laura Rotondo, Giorgio Sciaramenti, Edoardo Menzato, Elisabetta Tonet, Federico Marchini, Matteo Serenelli, Anna Cantone, Gianluca Campo, Rita Pavasini","doi":"10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_184_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_184_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atrial strain assessment, both by speckle-tracking echocardiography and feature tracking cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), represents a useful tool in all the spectrum of cardiomyopathies. The most robust evidence available in the literature concerns cardiomyopathies with a hypertrophic phenotype, in which left atrial strain (LAS) has demonstrated to be able to differentiate each phenotype, with cardiac amyloidosis (CA) having the lowest LAS values compared to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), Fabry cardiomyopathy (FD), and hypertensive heart disease. LAS is also able to predict the occurrence of atrial arrhythmias, in particular atrial fibrillation in CA and HCM, and major adverse cardiac event (MACE) in all the phenotypes. Interestingly, both in HCM and FD, improvement in LAS values has been detected during disease-modifying therapy. In cardiomyopathies with a dilated phenotype as well, LAS, which has been more extensively evaluated through CMR compared to other cardiomyopathies, appears to have prognostic value with respect to left ventricular reverse remodeling and the occurrence of MACE and can help to differentiate dilated cardiomyopathy from ischemic heart disease with left ventricular dilatation. Finally, in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, right atrial strain has also demonstrated prognostic power, particularly for the occurrence of both atrial and ventricular arrhythmic events. Interestingly, impaired values of right atrial strain have been detected even in the absence of dilatation of the right atrium, suggesting an earlier involvement by fibro-fatty replacement and fibrosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":15191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Echography","volume":"36 3","pages":"227-236"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13485267/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Blood Speckle Tracking Fluid Dynamics before and after Ventricular Septal Defect Surgery.","authors":"Sahar Shaker Sheta, Giovanni Di Salvo, Ahmed Behairy, Baher Matta Hanna, Mohamed Eltoukhy, Mohamed Samir","doi":"10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_169_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_169_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Blood circulation within the cardiovascular system manifests in several forms, including laminar, turbulent, or vortical flow. This study was designed to evaluate the clinical applicability and diagnostic value of the innovative blood speckled tracking (BST) echocardiography technique modality in the diagnosis and hemodynamic assessment of patients with ventricular septal defect (VSD) in the pediatric age group.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This is a case-control analytical study with 40 patients with VSD who underwent surgical closure, and 20 age and sex matched controls with normal cardiovascular status. Participants were evaluated using BST echocardiography preoperatively and at least 3 months after surgery at a tertiary university-based pediatric hospital.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study demonstrates that diastolic vortex dimensions by BST were larger with VSD physiologic in relation to postoperative state and controls; and positive correlations with left ventricle (LV) dimensions, as well as heart rate, age and anthropometric measurements. During systole, a decrease was revealed following surgery, with no difference compared to controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings indicate that vortex dimensions are influenced by LV dimensions and may infer on the hemodynamic impact of the VSD; it may also indicate the progress in function associated with VSD closure. Correlations with heart rate, age, and anthropometrics might point to the need to develop normograms for standardization and stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":15191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Echography","volume":"36 3","pages":"277-286"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13485254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Echocardiographic Strain-derived Predictors of Coronary Disease Burden Assessed by SYNTAX Score in Non-ST-elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome.","authors":"Džan Horozić, Azra Durak-Nalbantić, Mirad Hujdur, Omer Jusić, Amir Redžepović, Azra Đokić Vjezović, Zenisa Gljiva-Gogić, Indira Melezović, Alden Begić, Nedim Vanis, Alen Džubur","doi":"10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_175_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_175_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to evaluate whether global longitudinal strain (GLS), early systolic lengthening (ESL), and postsystolic shortening (PSS), individually and combined, predict anatomical disease severity and significant coronary artery stenosis in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We prospectively enrolled 112 NSTE-ACS patients with preserved LVEF and no regional wall motion abnormalities. GLS, ESL, and PSS were measured using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. Significant coronary artery disease (CAD) was defined as ≥90% stenosis in at least one major epicardial artery, and anatomical burden was quantified using the SYNTAX score. Linear and logistic regression, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, DeLong comparison, and internal validation were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GLS and PSS were significant predictors of SYNTAX score in univariate linear regression. In the multivariable model, only GLS remained independently associated with SYNTAX (<i>P</i> < 0.001), explaining 26.2% of variance (adjusted <i>R</i>² =0.24; variance inflation factor <5). Significant stenosis was present in 70 patients (62%). ESL (<i>P</i> = 0.028) and PSS (<i>P</i> = 0.001) predicted ≥ 90% stenosis in univariate analysis, whereas GLS reached significance only in multivariable analysis (odds ratio 1.28, 95% confidence interval 1.09-1.51, <i>P</i> = 0.003). The multimarker model (GLS + ESL + PSS) had the highest ROC area under the curve (AUC) (0.726) but did not significantly outperform GLS alone (AUC 0.707; <i>P</i> = 0.390). Model-predicted probabilities correlated with SYNTAX (ρ =0.480, <i>P</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GLS is the strongest strain-derived predictor of both significant stenosis and anatomical CAD burden in NSTE-ACS with preserved LVEF. Strain-based analysis may aid early, noninvasive risk stratification in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":15191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Echography","volume":"36 4","pages":"380-386"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13600635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149038605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Hemodialysis-related Volume Changes on Left and Right Ventricle and Left Atrial Function in Dialysis Patients: A Speckle Tracking Echocardiography Study.","authors":"Aysenur Ceylan Isler, Cansin Tulunay Kaya, Muge Akbulut, Gizem Kumru, Sayeste Akkan Eren, Sule Sengul, Sim Kutlay","doi":"10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_73_25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_73_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The acute effect of hemodialysis (HD) on myocardial function is still controversial, even with the use of new echocardiographic indices. This study is designed to evaluate these acute changes after HD.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>One hundred and four patients receiving standard thrice-weekly HD for more than 6 months were examined just before and after a HD session with tissue Doppler and two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2DSTE).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mitral E, mitral A, mitral E/A, medial e', average E/e', tricuspid E, tricuspid E/A, tricuspid e', tricuspid a', and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion showed significant decreases after HD. The increase in mitral deceleration time, medial myocardial performance index (MPI), and tricuspid MPI after HD was significant. We observed statistically significant changes in global longitudinal strain (GLS)-left ventricular, GLS-right ventricular (RV), free wall strain (FWS)-RV, left atrial reservoir strain, and left atrial conduit strain after HD (<i>P</i> = 0.000, <i>P</i> = 0.000, <i>P</i> = 0.000, <i>P</i> = 0.03, and <i>P</i> = 0.002, respectively). None of the diastolic parameters studied before and after HD, like diastolic strain rate during early diastole (DSRE), diastolic strain rate during atrial diastole (DSRA), E/DSRE, and E/DSRA, changed significantly (<i>P</i> = 0.716, <i>P</i> = 0.117, <i>P</i> = 0.114, and <i>P</i> = 0.211, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HD has a worsening effect on strain values of both ventricles and the left atrium. It was interesting that DSRE, DSRA, E/DSRE, and E/DSRA HD were parameters which did not change after HD. This observation with 2DSTE may show that DSRE and DSRA are less volume and cardiac preload-dependent indices.</p>","PeriodicalId":15191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Echography","volume":"36 3","pages":"268-276"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13485257/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148793558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrocardiographic Identification and Correction of Left Ventricular Pacing Latency.","authors":"T R Muralidharan, D R Nivetha, S Sanjith, M Venkat Naveen, A Arun Shriram, K V Logavengatesh, R Swaminathan Veerasamy, C S Aravind, Kavitha Babu","doi":"10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_1_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_1_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pacing latency, defined as the delay between a pacemaker stimulus and myocardial depolarization, is an uncommon but clinically relevant phenomenon in patients with permanent pacing systems. Its presence may be mistaken for a lead malfunction, exit block, or device failure, leading to unnecessary interventions. A 55-year-old male with a history of nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (left ventricular [LV] ejection fraction-30% on standard two-dimensional echocardiography; 17% on speckle-tracking assessment) and severe systolic dysfunction, previously implanted with a cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator (CRT-D), was admitted with progressive abdominal distension, bilateral lower limb edema, and weight gain of 5-6 kg over 2 weeks. Examination revealed hypotension (90/60 mmHg), elevated jugular venous pressure, pedal edema, and basal crepitations. Laboratory evaluation showed elevated N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (4750 pg/mL). He was treated with intravenous diuretics and guideline-directed medical therapy, resulting in clinical improvement and weight reduction from 75 to 70 kg. During hospitalization, device interrogation confirmed stable parameters. However, a 12-lead electrocardiography demonstrated consistent pacing latency with an 80 ms delay between the pacing spike and QRS onset. Electrolytes were normal, and no offending medications were identified. The patient was discharged in New York Heart Association Functional Class II after symptomatic improvement. This case highlights the mechanical and electrophysiological consequences of LV pacing latency in a patient with CRT-D and worsening heart failure. Pacing latency required active correction to restore effective biventricular resynchronization. Recognition of this entity is essential to guide targeted device optimization and prevent unnecessary interventions. Advanced echocardiographic techniques play a critical complementary role in assessing the mechanical impact of pacing latency and the efficacy of its correction.</p>","PeriodicalId":15191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Echography","volume":"36 4","pages":"462-466"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13600630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149038547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ventricular Septal Defect as a Bail-out Shunt in Prosthetic Tricuspid Valve Obstruction.","authors":"Hadi Fowaz, Salim Adawi, Amir Aker","doi":"10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_151_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_151_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prosthetic valve thrombosis or obstruction is a feared complication of mechanical valve replacement. The risk is highest in the tricuspid position, with an estimated incidence of 0.7%-1.2% per patient-year, largely attributable to the low-pressure, low-flow environment of the right heart. Clinical presentation is usually acute, with symptoms of right-sided heart failure and cardiogenic shock necessitating urgent intervention. We present an unusual case of a chronic, completely stuck prosthetic tricuspid valve discovered incidentally with no hemodynamic compromise. The patient's hemodynamic stability was sustained by a preexisting ventricular septal defect, which provided an alternative pathway for systemic blood flow. This case highlights the critical interplay between complex coexisting congenital anomalies in patients with prosthetic mechanical valves.</p>","PeriodicalId":15191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Echography","volume":"36 2","pages":"202-204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13322593/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148368459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Metaverse in Fetal Cardiology.","authors":"Maria De Fátima Monteiro Pereira Leite, Nathalie Jeanne Bravo-Valenzuela, Edward Araujo Júnior, Heron Werner","doi":"10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_43_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_43_26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15191,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Cardiovascular Echography","volume":"36 2","pages":"205-206"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13322577/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148368535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}