Journal of biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Characterization of Single Cell Protein produced by Cupriavidus necator grown on various nitrogen and carbon sources","authors":"Siwar Ismail ,&nbsp;Géraldine Giacinti ,&nbsp;Christine Delagado Raynaud ,&nbsp;Sandrine Alfenore ,&nbsp;Stéphane E. Guillouet ,&nbsp;Nathalie Gorret","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.08.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microorganisms can serve as Single Cell Proteins (SCP) used as an alternative and non-conventional protein source to meet the protein shortage and increasing demand. The objective of this research was to characterize growth and biomass composition of the bacterium <em>Cupriavidus necator</em>, cultivated on various nitrogen (ammonium sulfate and urea) and carbon (glucose, formic acid and oleic acid) sources. Under well-controlled conditions, a mono-factorial approach was employed to study the impact of the nature of the substrates on biomass growth and composition in bioreactors. Cultures were performed in batch culture mode, except for formic acid for which a fed-batch mode was selected due to its toxicity on cell growth. Results were compared in terms of growth, cell morphology, cell membrane permeability, biomass composition in proteins, nucleic acids, amino acids and polyhydroxyalkanoates. The results showed high protein amounts and an impact of substrate on biomass composition. Independently, ammonium sulfate, as nitrogen source, and formic acid, as carbon source provided better results in term of growth and biomass composition. The highest total proteins (83 %_DW), the lowest PHA amount (1.7 %_DW) and the lowest changes in cell size and granularity profiles were obtained using the organic acid, showing the more attractive SCP composition. Despite interesting amino acid contents, the results showed that their distribution is affected by the nature of the substrates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15153,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology","volume":"408 ","pages":"Pages 288-304"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144859238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced volatile fatty acids production from Chinese cabbage waste by pretreatment","authors":"Yingmeng Shen,&nbsp;Longlong Liu,&nbsp;Sen Yang,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Ji,&nbsp;Zhengang Chen,&nbsp;Jiying Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effects of cellulase pretreatment, thermal pretreatment, and a combined cellulase–thermal pretreatment on the anaerobic fermentation performance of Chinese cabbage waste (CCW) were investigated. The combined pretreatment enhanced the structure loosenness and porosity of CCW, resulting in a 10.2 % increase in the hydrolysis rate and a 7.4 % increase in reducing sugar content. In this group, acid productivity and caproic acid yields were 0.57 g VFA/g VS and 7351 mg COD/L, respectively, which were 18.1 % and 30 % higher than those in the control group. Cellulase pretreatment significantly enhanced the butyrate production, which was consistent with the higher <em>Clostridium</em> spp. abundance observed in this group. Although thermal pretreatment significantly enhanced the release of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), resulting in substantial increases of 38.7 % in acetic acid and 73.8 % in propionic acid production, respectively, it did not improve the total volatile fatty acids (VFAs) yield. <em>Lactobacillus</em> and <em>Weissella</em> were selectively enriched in this group, leading to lactic acid accumulation during the initial fermentation stage and a high yield of propionic acid in the later stages. In the cellulase-thermal pretreatment group, the relative abundance of <em>Prevotella</em> increased to 20.70 %. This major rumen bacterium can degrade polysaccharides in plant cell walls, thereby facilitating carboxylic acid production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15153,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology","volume":"408 ","pages":"Pages 91-100"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145057170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-effective melanin production using engineered Escherichia coli with autonomous tyrosine biosynthesis","authors":"Ling Zou ,&nbsp;Jian Liu ,&nbsp;Yidan Hu ,&nbsp;Yan Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaobo Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.09.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbial melanin production traditionally relies on expensive tyrosine supplementation, making the cost-effective production of melanin challenging. To address this substrate dependency, we engineered an <em>Escherichia coli</em> strain capable of autonomous tyrosine synthesis through the co-overexpression of the tyrosine synthetase gene (<em>aroG</em>^<em>fbr</em> or <em>tyrA</em>^<em>fbr</em> with feedback resistance) and the tyrosinase gene <em>tyr1</em>. By further integrating the tyrosinase gene <em>tyr1</em> into this engineered strain, we achieved melanin yields ranging from 5.58 to 7.57 mg/mL in the absence of exogenous tyrosine, thereby reducing production costs by 70 %–73.33 % compared to conventional methods that require exogenous tyrosine supplementation. This study establishes a robust and cost-effective platform for sustainable melanin production, with significant implications for the industrial manufacturing of microbial pigments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15153,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology","volume":"408 ","pages":"Pages 151-157"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of a pilot scale pressurized deep-jet gas bioreactor for SCP production with Cupriavidus necator H16","authors":"Kay Domenico Novak ,&nbsp;Petra Heidinger ,&nbsp;Daniel Schwendenwein ,&nbsp;Florian Haneder ,&nbsp;Daniel Martinjak ,&nbsp;Christoph Hochenauer ,&nbsp;Helmut Schwab ,&nbsp;Christoph Reisinger","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.08.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.08.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Single cell protein (SCP) production has the potential for significant contribution to global protein supply. The ground-breaking approach presented here demonstrates the industrial potential of <em>Cupriavidus necator</em> H16, a chemolithoautotrophic bacterium uniquely capable of converting CO₂ into high quality SCP. The study, conducted in a custom 300-L pressurized deep-jet bioreactor optimized for extremely efficient gas-liquid transfer, provides crucial insights for scalable SCP production. It highlights the significant influence of the inoculum type on the efficiency of fermentation. Heterotrophic inoculum caused a 10-hour lag phase, which limited the efficiency of the fermentation process, while chemolithoautotrophic inoculum achieved almost immediate productivity without a lag phase. This marked difference in performance underscores the importance of inoculum selection in maximizing yield. Fermentation with chemolithoautotrophic inoculum reached 300 g L⁻¹ cell wet weight (CWW) in only 35 h – a remarkable 44 % faster than the 63 h required with heterotrophic inoculum. By repeated removal of larger broth samples, the biomass concentration could be further increased to 360 g L⁻¹ CWW, which corresponds to to 90 g L⁻¹ cell dry weight (CDW). This demonstrates the feasibility of continuous operation and scalable production. The highest gas transfer and consumption rates were observed approximately 35 h after the start of fermentation: H₂ at 0.82 kg h⁻¹, O₂ at 4.1 kg h⁻¹and CO₂ at 1.95 kg h⁻¹. These high transfer rates underline the efficiency of the bioreactor in gas utilization, a critical factor for industrial-scale applications. The biomass showed a very high crude protein content of 80 % with an amino acid profile comparable to that of commercial fishmeal. This positions the SCP as a high-quality, sustainable alternative for application in aquaculture and poultry feed, meeting global protein needs while reducing environmental impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15153,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology","volume":"408 ","pages":"Pages 1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene hunting and semi-rational design of β-xylosidase from Aspergillus aculeatus for highly efficient hydrolysis of astragaloside","authors":"Yuanyuan Zheng,&nbsp;Huaxia Cao,&nbsp;Yu Liu,&nbsp;Feng Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cycloastragenol (CA), the triterpenoid aglycone of astragaloside (ASI), is a telomerase activator and potential anti-aging drug with broad application prospects. Due to the rapid increase of its market demand in recent years, efficient production of CA has attracted increasing attention. In this study, the novel β-xylosidase XylO2 from <em>Aspergillus aculeatus</em> was identified through genome mining. It is capable of hydrolyzing ASI into cycloastragenol-6-O-β-D-glucoside (CMG), a significant precursor in the preparation of CA. Subsequently, structure-guided semi-rational design and virtual screening were used to obtain the highly active variant C23T, which exhibited more than 1.94 and 2.10-fold improvement of catalytic activity with ASI and <em>p</em>-nitrophenyl-β-D-xylopyranoside, respectively. According to structural modelling and molecule docking, the reduced volume of the binding pocket as well as the decreased distance between the substrate and active site residues positively influenced the catalytic activity. Moreover, the conversion yield of 1 g/L ASI increased to 99.10 %, suggesting the potential application of this variant in CA production. This study not only provides a novel enzyme for glycoside hydrolysis, but also offers theoretical insights for understanding and modifying these enzymes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15153,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology","volume":"408 ","pages":"Pages 80-90"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145023402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A universal single-plasmid, single-promoter system for efficient protein display and RNA encapsulation in MS2 virus-like particles","authors":"Ping Chen ,&nbsp;Hao-Min Li ,&nbsp;Chu-Yu Huang ,&nbsp;Jie-Jing Liu ,&nbsp;Lin-Yi Luo ,&nbsp;Jing Luo ,&nbsp;Xing-Jun Huo ,&nbsp;Mei Huang ,&nbsp;Ying-Lin Yin ,&nbsp;Lei Mou ,&nbsp;Yong-Chang Ouyang","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacteriophage MS2 virus-like particles (VLPs) represent a promising platform for biomedical applications. However, challenges remain in integrating protein display, RNA encapsulation, and convenient purification methods. Here, we developed a universal single-plasmid single-promoter system (USS) that enables modular assembly of multifunctional VLPs through designated <em>Pst</em>I (protein insertion) and <em>Kpn</em>I (RNA encapsulation) sites. The USS system achieved: 1) Efficient display of large protein molecules (e.g., EGFP, Nanobody N16) on each VLP surface while encapsulating target RNA; 2) Rapid one-step purification via His-tag affinity chromatography, bypassing ultracentrifugation; 3) The resulting VLPs exhibit thermal stability (60°C for 15 min) and nuclease resistance. Functional validation demonstrated: 1) Diagnostics: <em>CoviN</em>-encapsulated VLPs served as RT-qPCR controls for COVID-19 detection (linear range: 10²–10⁸ copies/μL); 2) Dual functionality for co-delivery: N16-VLPs with <em>shPCSK9</em> suppressed protein PCSK9 expression by 68 % (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) in Hepa1–6 cells and bound PD-L1 with nanomolar affinity (EC50 = 1.6 μg/mL). Crucially, the simplicity of USS eliminated the need for multi-plasmid constructs, providing a streamlined approach to VLPs production that is both efficient and scalable for applications from molecular diagnostics to combination therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15153,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology","volume":"408 ","pages":"Pages 132-141"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145053486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic strategy for high-yield 2,3-butanediol and acetoin production in Bacillus licheniformis MW03 based on metabolic engineering","authors":"Yinhao Gao ,&nbsp;Yazi Zhou ,&nbsp;Liqian Wang ,&nbsp;Na Zhang ,&nbsp;Weishuai Qin ,&nbsp;Wu Meng ,&nbsp;Cuixia Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Bacillus licheniformis</em> is an efficient platform for 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) and acetoin production due to its rapid glucose utilization rate and adaptability to industrial fermentation conditions. Here, we isolated the <em>B. licheniformis</em> strain MW03 with high yield of acetoin and 2,3-BD, which carried genetic mutations in <em>acoR</em> and <em>budC</em>, respectively encoding an acetoin dehydrogenase regulator and meso-2,3-BD dehydrogenase. To further confirm the physiological effects on acetoin and 2,3 BD biosynthesis, gene editing was performed using the CRISPR-Cas9 system, followed by phenotypic screening and genotype validation. The knockout of <em>acoR</em> and <em>budC</em> increased the acetoin maximum titer by 21.2 % and 49.2 %, respectively. Moreover, the optical purity of D-(-)-2,3-BD reached 92.7 % following the knockout of <em>budC</em>. Heterologous expression of <em>acoR</em> from <em>B. licheniformis</em> 2709 in both the wild type and <em>acoR</em> knockout mutant strongly inhibited acetoin accumulation compared to native <em>acoR</em>, which emphasized the regulatory role of AcoR in acetoin accumulation. Conversely, complementation of <em>budC</em> restored the synthesis of meso-2,3-BD synthesis, emphasizing its importance in this process. Overexpression of <em>alsD</em> in the <em>acoR</em> mutant increased the 2,3-BD titer by 61.9 % to 121.97 g/L, while the productivity reached 2.03 g/L·h. Finally, co-expression of <em>bdhA</em> and <em>gldA</em> increased 2,3-BD production by 25.6 %. This study elucidated the dual regulatory roles of <em>acoR</em> and <em>budC</em> in acetoin and 2,3-BD metabolism, establishing a \"knockout-overexpression\" synergic strategy, which offers theoretical support and practical guidance for further strain optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15153,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology","volume":"408 ","pages":"Pages 232-243"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145080838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of charged particles on beta-glucosidase and its molecular dynamics mechanism: A deep insight into the effects of charged peptides on enzyme activity and conformation","authors":"Qi Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Yang ,&nbsp;Lulu Wang ,&nbsp;Jiayi Ji ,&nbsp;Xinyue Jiang ,&nbsp;Liang Dong ,&nbsp;Chunying Liu ,&nbsp;Shaohua Dou","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.08.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.08.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Beta-Glucosidase(BGL) is an enzyme present in all organisms and plays a key role in a variety of biological processes. In this study, three short peptides Z1, O1, and F1 with positive, neutral, and negative charges, respectively, were designed and synthesised, which were added to the BGL system of action, and the changes in BGL activity and conformation induced by the charged short peptides were investigated by measuring changes in enzyme activities and zeta potentials, as well as by applying spectroscopy and computer simulation. The results showed that Z1 increased BGL activity and zeta potential by 54.6 %, on the contrary, the negatively charged short peptide F1 inhibited its enzyme activity and decreased the potential by 38.3 %, and O1 had less effect on BGL. The results of spectroscopy and computer simulation showed that the addition of the charged short peptide led to significant changes in the apparent morphology and structure of BGL, but it did not bind to BGL to form a complex, but rather affected its surface charge distribution and altered the enzymatic activity and structure of BGL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15153,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology","volume":"408 ","pages":"Pages 112-120"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145040234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modular engineering of the doxorubicin biosynthetic gene cluster based on component functional clustering in Streptomyces","authors":"Tianqi Cui,&nbsp;Chanjuan Jiang,&nbsp;Jiale Li,&nbsp;Shuo Wang,&nbsp;Lingdi Li,&nbsp;Ji Luan,&nbsp;Hailong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.09.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.09.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The anticancer drug doxorubicin is synthesized through the synergistic action of the type II polyketide synthases, along with an array of modification enzymes in <em>Streptomyces</em>. The 33 doxorubicin biosynthetic genes are scattered across at least 15 distinct transcriptional units, posing challenges for their regulatory control. In this study, we firstly achieved heterologous production of doxorubicin in a range of <em>Streptomyces</em> hosts by supplementing functional genes essential for biosynthesis of the sugar moiety. Then, employed a modular engineering approach to reconstruct the doxorubicin gene cluster, grouping the genes responsible for each biosynthetic module into 6 well-defined subclusters. Based on these 6 subclusters, we identified that the glycosylation and post-modification subcluster is the module with the greatest capacity to boost doxorubicin production. When introduced into the heterologous host <em>S. albus</em> J1074, the combination of the reconstructed modular gene cluster and the glycosylation and post-modification module resulted in a doxorubicin production rate that was 15 times greater than that of the natural gene cluster. Modular engineering of the doxorubicin gene cluster, which involves clustering based on component functionality, will streamline the regulatory control of the biosynthetic pathway and facilitate its transplantation into desired hosts for production optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15153,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology","volume":"408 ","pages":"Pages 265-274"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a robust and scalable platform for AAV8 production","authors":"André Nascimento ,&nbsp;Tiago Q. Faria ,&nbsp;Tiago Nunes ,&nbsp;Joana G. Oliveira ,&nbsp;José Mendes ,&nbsp;António Roldão ,&nbsp;Cristina Peixoto","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Creating robust and scalable bioprocesses is essential for the production of viral vectors, particularly adeno-associated virus (AAV), which are in growing demand for gene therapy applications. This study presents the design and implementation of a scalable AAV8 production platform, leveraging extensive in-house expertise. Three production campaigns were conducted: two at the 2-liter scale and one at the 50-liter scale. The robustness of the upstream and downstream processes was confirmed in the 2-liter campaigns, yielding consistent titers and recoveries close to 80 %. Scalability was validated, demonstrating successful translation from the 2–50 L scale without compromising titers, recoveries, or product quality with a 3-fold enrichment of full capsids. Key modifications, such as adjustments to inoculation concentration, the choice of nuclease, and the direct loading of clarified material onto affinity chromatography, were evaluated to enhance process economics. These modifications did not adversely impact the production process and resulted in significant cost savings. Noteworthy, this study highlights a three-fold enrichment of full capsids, showcasing the process's ability to deliver a higher quality product. While the process is optimized for AAV8, only the polishing step is serotype-specific. The rest of the operations can be broadly applied to other AAV serotypes with minor adjustments. This flexibility suggests potential for wider applications in gene therapy and other fields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15153,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology","volume":"408 ","pages":"Pages 72-79"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145040267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}