Journal of biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Structure-guided engineering of 4-coumarate: CoA ligase for efficient production of rosmarinic acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae","authors":"Xiuqi Zhou ,&nbsp;Jiayan Du ,&nbsp;Jinyuan Zhu ,&nbsp;Xueqing Pang ,&nbsp;Xinjian Yin ,&nbsp;Pingping Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The utilization of genetically modified microbial cells for rosmarinic acid (RA) production is gaining increased attention as a cost-effective and sustainable approach. However, the substrate promiscuity of 4-coumarate: CoA ligase and RA synthase has been considered as a critical factor for low RA yields. In this study, we rationally engineered the substrate preference of 4-coumarate: CoA ligase (OPc4CL2) from <em>Petroselinum crispum</em>, resulting in a significant enhancement in RA production. Particularly, the introduction of the Y240C mutation led to a remarkable 176 % increase in RA yield. Subsequent enzymatic analysis of OPc4CL2 variants revealed diminished activity towards <em>p</em>-coumaric acid, resulting in insufficient time for the transformation of <em>p</em>-coumaric acid to 4-coumaroyl CoA to generate byproduct. Furthermore, to minimize the formation of undesired byproducts, the overexpression of 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-monooxygenase (OHpaB) and NADPH-flavin oxidoreductase (HpaC) was carried out to facilitate the conversion of <em>p</em>-coumaric acid to caffeic acid and 4-hydroxyphenyllactate to salvianic acid A, thus achieving a significant increase in RA yield of up to 329.9 mg/L (16.5 mg/g yield on glucose) in shake-flask cultivation. Finally, the engineered strain YRA113–24BHM achieved a notable RA production of 3.6 g/L (about 20.2 mg/g yield on glucose) by fed-batch fermentation. This study serves as a foundation for the sustainable biosynthesis of RA and other caffeic acid derivatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15153,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology","volume":"396 ","pages":"Pages 140-149"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142621085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimisation of coumaric acid production from aromatic amino acids in Kluyveromyces marxianus","authors":"Joel A. Akinola ,&nbsp;Arun S. Rajkumar ,&nbsp;John P. Morrissey","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Yeasts are attractive hosts for the production of heterologous products due to their genetic tractability and relative ease of growth. While the baker’s yeast <em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em> is a powerful workhorse of the biotechnology industry, the species has metabolic limitations and it is critical that we develop alternative platforms that will facilitate the development of bioprocesses that rely on sustainable feedstocks. In this study, we used synthetic biology tools to construct coumaric acid–producing strains of <em>Kluyveromyces marxianus,</em> a yeast whose physiological traits render it attractive for biotechnology applications. Coumaric acid is a building block in the synthesis of many different families of aromatics and is a key precursor for the synthesis of complect phenylpropanoid molecules, including many flavours and aromas. The starting point for this work was a <em>K. marxianus</em> chassis strain that has increased flux towards the synthesis of tyrosine and phenylalanine, the aromatic amino acids that can serve as starting points for coumaric acid synthesis. Following principles of synthetic biology, a modular approach was taken to identify the best solution to different metabolic possibilities and these were then combined in different ways. For the first step, it was established that the route from phenylalanine was superior to that from tyrosine and the combined overexpression of <em>PlPAL</em>, <em>AtC4H</em> and <em>AtCPR1</em> delivered the highest yield of coumaric acid. Next, it was established that while Pdc5 and Aro10 both had phenylpyruvate decarboxylase activity, inactivation of <em>ARO10</em> was sufficient to prevent flux loss in the pathway. Since phenylalanine is the starting point, efforts were made to improve efficiency of its production. It was found that glutamate was a preferred nitrogen source for coumaric acid production, and this knowledge was used to engineer a strain that overexpressed <em>S. cerevisiae GDH1</em> and delivered higher yields of coumaric acid. Ultimately, this strategy led to the development of strains that has yields of up to 48 mg coumaric acid /g glucose. Strains were evaluated in bioreactors to investigate the effects of different process parameters. These analyses indicated that engineered strains face some redox balance challenges and further work will be required overcome these to develop strains that can perform well under industrial conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15153,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology","volume":"396 ","pages":"Pages 158-170"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142621017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Markerless deletion of the putative type I and III restriction-modification systems in the cellulolytic bacterium Clostridium cellulovorans using a codBA-based counterselection technique","authors":"Luciana Almeida,&nbsp;Aline Schöllkopf,&nbsp;Holger Edelmann,&nbsp;Armin Ehrenreich ,&nbsp;Wolfgang Liebl","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cellulose from lignocellulosic biomass (LB) is of increasing interest for the production of commodity chemicals. However, its use as substrate for fermentations is a challenge due to its structural complexity. In this context, the highly cellulolytic <em>Clostridium cellulovorans</em> has been considered an interesting microorganism for the breakdown of LB. <em>C. cellulovorans</em> does not naturally produce solvents in useful concentrations, but this could be achieved by metabolic engineering. Unfortunately, this is hampered by the lack of tools for genetic engineering. We describe a genetic system that allows strain engineering by the allelic-coupled exchange method. First, the Gram-positive origin of pUB110 was identified as a suitable clostridial 'pseudo-suicide' origin of replication for the construction of deletion vectors. Second, an efficient counterselection strategy based on a <em>codBA</em> cassette and the use of 5-fluorocytosine as the counterselective compound was employed. Third, since the prevention of DNA transfer by host restriction-modification (RM) systems is a critical barrier to genome engineering, deletion plasmids containing flanking regions for the putative type I (Clocel_1114) and III (Clocel_2651) RM systems were constructed and transferred into <em>C. cellulovorans</em>. The restriction-less strains <em>C. cellulovorans ΔClocel_1114</em> and <em>C. cellulovorans ΔClocel_2651</em> exhibit high conjugation efficiency and can be easily used for further metabolic engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15153,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology","volume":"397 ","pages":"Pages 22-31"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142621012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanding the high-pH range of the sucrose synthase reaction by enzyme immobilization","authors":"Hui Liu ,&nbsp;Annika J.E. Borg ,&nbsp;Bernd Nidetzky","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The glycosylation of an alcohol group from a sugar nucleotide substrate involves proton release, so the reaction is favored thermodynamically at high pH. Here, we explored expansion of the alkaline pH range of sucrose synthase (SuSy; EC 2.4.1.13) to facilitate enzymatic glycosylation from uridine 5’-diphosphate (UDP)-glucose. The apparent equilibrium constant of the SuSy reaction (UDP-glucose + fructose ↔ sucrose + UDP) at 30 °C increases by ∼4 orders of magnitude as the pH is raised from 5.5 to 9.0. However, the SuSy in solution loses ≥80 % of its maximum productivity at pH ∼7 when alkaline reaction conditions (pH 9.0) are used. We therefore immobilized the SuSy on nanocellulose-based biocomposite carriers (∼48 U/g carrier; ≥ 50 % effectiveness) and reveal in the carrier-bound enzyme a substantial broadening of the pH-productivity profile to high pH, with up to 80 % of maximum capacity retained at pH 9.5. Using reaction by the immobilized SuSy with automated pH control at pH ∼9.0, we demonstrate near-complete conversion (≥ 96 %) of UDP-glucose and fructose (each 100 mM) into sucrose, as expected from the equilibrium constant (<em>K</em>_eq = ∼7 × 10²) under these conditions. Collectively, our results support the idea of glycosyltransferase-catalyzed synthetic glycosylation from sugar nucleotide donor driven by high pH; and they showcase a marked adaptation to high pH of the operational activity of the soybean SuSy by immobilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15153,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology","volume":"396 ","pages":"Pages 150-157"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142621000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient biosynthesis of three rare formononetin derivatives by newly discovered Bacillus velezensis LQ5","authors":"Jiaqi Liu ,&nbsp;Fan Yang ,&nbsp;Wenxin Ji ,&nbsp;Lin Zhao ,&nbsp;Jing Han ,&nbsp;Liangliang Chen ,&nbsp;Fucheng Zhu ,&nbsp;Jinao Duan ,&nbsp;Sen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Formononetin is a natural flavonoid existing widely in plants with many pharmacological effects. However, its application is limited by structure, poor water solubility and low bioavailability. In this study, <em>Bacillus velezensis</em> LQ5 was isolated from the inter-root soil of <em>Glycyrrhiza uralensis</em> Fisch for the first time and formononetin was firstly structurally modified by whole-cell catalysis of LQ5 to obtain formononetin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (FG), formononetin-7-O-β-(6''-O-succinyl)-D-glucoside (FGS) and formononetin-7-O-phosphate (FP). The selective preparation of the three products was achieved by adjusting the content of yeast extract, type and content of sugars, metal ions, pH and ATP content. The result confirmed that FP had the ideal drug-likeness properties and showed a greater ability to reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and regulate oxidative enzymes. This work successfully established a biotransformation method for the efficient transformation of formononetin to produce high-value formononetin derivatives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15153,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology","volume":"396 ","pages":"Pages 116-126"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142621095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detrimental effects of UV-A radiation on antioxidant capacity and photosynthetic efficiency on a tropical microalga","authors":"Anna Isaia ,&nbsp;Noémie Coulombier ,&nbsp;Loïc Le Dean ,&nbsp;Vincent Mériot ,&nbsp;Thierry Jauffrais","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.10.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.10.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antioxidants are molecules able to neutralize reactive oxygen species with potential applications in the cosmetic or nutraceutical industries. Abiotic stressors, such as light intensity, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, or nutrient availability, can influence their production. In the perspective of optimizing and understanding the antioxidant capacity of microalgae, we investigated the effects of UV-A radiation on growth, and antioxidant and photosynthetic activities on <em>Tetraselmis</em>, a microalga genus known for its high antioxidant capacity. Cultures were exposed to UV-A radiation alongside to photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) in photobioreactors operated in continuous culture. UV-A exposure affects both the photosynthetic and antioxidant activities of <em>Tetraselmis</em>. Photosynthetic parameters suggest that UV-A has a negative effect on photosynthetic efficiency, particularly on the electron transport chain on short-term exposure (1–2 days). However, a resilience of most physiological parameters was observed over the experiment (10 days) suggesting a photochemical adaption over long-term exposure to UV-A radiation. Concerning the antioxidant capacity, UV-A exposure reduced the antioxidant capacity in <em>Tetraselmis</em> suggesting the use of antioxidant molecules to counteract reactive oxygen species production and prevent damage to photosystem II. Finally, the highest antioxidant capacity never observed with a <em>Tetraselmis</em> sp. was measured in cultures without UV addition, with an IC₅₀ of 2.87 ± 0.24 µg mL⁻¹, a value close to the reference compounds Trolox and α-tocopherol. This study showed the great potential of <em>Tetraselmis</em> as a source of antioxidants under favorable culture condition and without UV-A radiations. Indeed, we discourage the use of UV-A to enhance antioxidant capacity in this species due to its negative impact on it and on the photosynthetic efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15153,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology","volume":"396 ","pages":"Pages 104-115"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142604648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combinatorial metabolic engineering strategy of precursor pools for the yield improvement of spinosad in Saccharopolyspora spinosa","authors":"Li Cao ,&nbsp;Xirong Liu ,&nbsp;Danlu Yang ,&nbsp;Ziyuan Xia ,&nbsp;Zirui Dai ,&nbsp;Lin Sun ,&nbsp;Jing Fang ,&nbsp;Zirong Zhu ,&nbsp;Duo Jin ,&nbsp;Jie Rang ,&nbsp;Shengbiao Hu ,&nbsp;Liqiu Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.10.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spinosad is an insecticide produced by <em>Saccharopolyspora spinosa</em>, and its larvicidal activity is considered a promising approach to combat crop pests. The aim of this study was to enhance the synthesis of spinosad through increasing the supply of acyl-CoAs precursor by the following steps. (i) Engineering the β-oxidation pathway by overexpressing key genes within the pathway to promote the synthesis of spinosad. The results showed that the overexpression of <em>fadD</em>, <em>fadE</em>, and <em>fadA</em>1 genes, as well as the co-expression of <em>fadA</em>1 and <em>fadE</em> genes, increased the yield of spinosad by 0.36-fold, 0.89-fold, 0.75-fold and 1.25-fold respectively. (ii) Employing combinatorial engineering of the β-oxidation pathway and ACC/PCC pathway to promote the synthesis of spinosad. The results showed that the co-expression of <em>fadE</em> and <em>pccA,</em> as well as <em>accC</em> and <em>fadE</em>, resulted in a 1.77-fold and 1.43-fold increase in spinosad production respectively. (iii) When exogenous triacylglycerol was added to the fermentation medium, the solely engineering of the β-oxidation pathway increased the yield of spinosad by 7.13-fold, reaching 427.23 mg/L. While the combinatorial engineering of both the β-oxidation pathway and ACC/PCC pathway increased the yield of spinosad by 9.61-fold, reaching 625.17 mg/L, and further optimization of the culture medium resulted in an even higher yield of spinosad, reaching 1293.43 mg/L. The results of this study indicate that the above combination strategy can promote the efficient biosynthesis of spinosad.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15153,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology","volume":"396 ","pages":"Pages 127-139"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An overview of engineering microbial production of nicotinamide mononucleotide","authors":"Boting Li,&nbsp;Xiangfeng Meng,&nbsp;Weifeng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.10.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.10.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the human body gradually ages, the cellular level of NAD⁺ will decline, which has been found to be related to a variety of age-related diseases. As a precursor of NAD⁺, NMN is able to effectively promote the synthesis of NAD⁺ with no significant side effects. Microbial production of NMN holds the potential to lower the production cost and facilitate its wide application. In this review, based on the metabolic pathway of NAD⁺, we summarize recent advances of metabolic engineering strategies for NMN biosynthesis. An outlook for future optimization to improve NMN production is also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15153,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology","volume":"396 ","pages":"Pages 80-88"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142568470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of population heterogeneity in CHO cells by genome-wide DNA methylation analysis and by multi-modal single-cell sequencing","authors":"Elias Böhl ,&nbsp;Günter Raddatz ,&nbsp;Suki Roy ,&nbsp;Lingzhi Huang ,&nbsp;Jasrene Kaur Sandhu ,&nbsp;Emeka Ignatius Igwe ,&nbsp;Manuel Rodríguez-Paredes ,&nbsp;Florian Böhl ,&nbsp;Frank Lyko","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.10.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.10.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CHO cells are major hosts for the industrial production of therapeutic proteins and their production stability is of considerable economic significance. It is widely known that CHO cells can rapidly acquire genetic alterations, which affects their genetic homogeneity over time. However, the role of non-genetic mechanisms, including epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, remains poorly understood. We have now used whole-genome bisulfite sequencing to establish single-base methylation maps of eight independent CHO cell lines. Our results identify CpG islands and low-methylated regions as conserved elements with dynamic DNA methylation. Interestingly, methylation patterns were found to cluster clearly along the three main branches of CHO evolution, with no directional changes over short culture periods. Furthermore, multi-ome single-cell sequencing of 9833 nuclei from three independent cultures revealed dynamic subpopulation structures characterized by robust expression differences in pathways related to protein production. Our findings thus provide novel insights into the epigenetic landscape and heterogeneity of CHO cells and support the development of epigenetic biomarkers that trace the emergence of subpopulations in CHO cultures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15153,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology","volume":"396 ","pages":"Pages 72-79"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142564514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The transcription factor MfbHLH104 from Myrothamnus flabellifolia promotes drought tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana by enhancing stability of the photosynthesis system","authors":"Zhuo Huang ,&nbsp;Xiangying Xiang ,&nbsp;Wenxin Xu ,&nbsp;Li Song ,&nbsp;Rong Tang ,&nbsp;Duoer Chen ,&nbsp;Qiao Li ,&nbsp;Yujue Zhou ,&nbsp;Cai-Zhong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.10.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.10.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The resurrection plant <em>Myrothamnus flabellifolia</em> can survive extreme drought and desiccation conditions, and quickly recover after rewatering. However, little is known about the mechanism underlying the drought tolerance of <em>M. flabellifolia</em>. In this study, <em>MfbHLH104</em> was cloned and introduced into <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> due to the lack of a transgenic system for <em>M. flabellifolia.</em> MfbHLH104 is localized in the nucleus. Its N-terminal region has transactivation ability in yeast, and the C-terminal region may inhibit the transactivation ability. Overexpressing <em>MfbHLH104</em> significantly increased drought and salt tolerance of <em>A. thaliana</em> at both seedling and adult stages<em>.</em> It enhanced leaf water retention capacity by decreasing water loss rate and increasing drought- and abscisic acid (ABA) -induced stomatal closure. Additionally, it boosted osmolyte accumulation and ROS scavenging ability by up-regulating genes associated with osmolyte biosynthesis and antioxidant enzymes, and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities. The expression of ABA-responsive genes were also promoted by MfbHLH104. Remarkably, RNA-seq analysis indicated that MfbHLH104 significantly up-regulated 32 genes (FDR &lt; 0.05 and fold change ≥1.5) involved in photosynthesis related pathways (KEGG pathway No: ko00195, ko00196) under drought, which account for 18.7 % of the total up-regulated genes and the most enriched KEGG pathways. This result suggested that it may help to maintain the stability of the photosynthesis system under drought conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15153,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology","volume":"396 ","pages":"Pages 89-103"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142557882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}