Journal of biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Enhanced accumulation of important bioproducts in Chlorella vulgaris through AGPase gene silencing coupled with polyethylene glycol treatment","authors":"Sumedha Saha ,&nbsp;Delrin Shaina Xaxa ,&nbsp;Sudip K. Ghosh ,&nbsp;Mrinal K. Maiti","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.04.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgae with rapid growth rate, ability to be cultivated in non-agricultural land, and producing numerous bioactive compounds have attracted attention for biofuel production and extraction of valuable co-products. This work focuses on the development of an industrially viable <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em> strain more suitable for biorefinery by downregulating the ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) enzyme involved in starch biosynthesis. Transgenic lines of <em>C. vulgaris</em> generated through RNA interference (RNAi) demonstrated diminished starch content with an average of 6.7 % (dry cell weight, DCW) from 10 % (DCW) in the untransformed control, after 5 days of shake flask culture in tris acetate phosphate medium with 16 h:8 h light:dark cycle. Under the same growth condition, the total carbohydrate content decreased by an average of 23.5 %, while the lipid content and carotenoid level improved by an average of 19.3 % and 23 %, respectively, in the RNAi lines compared to the control. RNAi lines showed a higher yield of other important co-products, like protein and exopolysaccharide by an average of 30.6 % and 19.6 %, respectively, compared to the control. Interestingly, when polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 (0.5 % w/v) was supplemented in the culture medium of <em>C. vulgaris</em> grown till mid-log phase, RNAi lines along with the untransformed control exhibited enhanced level of valuable metabolites after 7 days of PEG treatment. The average carotenoid content of 25.5 μg/mg was recorded in PEG-treated RNAi lines compared to 15.34 μg/mg in PEG-untreated untransformed control alga. Under the similar growth condition, the average lipid content increased to 22.5 % (DCW) in PEG-treated RNAi lines compared to 16.28 % (DCW) in PEG-untreated untransformed control. Overall, the study encompasses use of genetic engineering tool in combination with the application of biochemical modulator PEG to divert the carbon flux from starch biosynthesis towards improved production of important metabolites in microalga.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15153,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology","volume":"403 ","pages":"Pages 81-92"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143828386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced production of extracellular triacylglycerol lipase for bioplastic degradation by replacing signal peptide","authors":"Jinok Oh ,&nbsp;Nara Shin ,&nbsp;Gaeun Lim ,&nbsp;Yebin Han ,&nbsp;Jeong Chan Joo ,&nbsp;Woo-Young Jeon ,&nbsp;Jungoh Ahn ,&nbsp;Hee Taek Kim ,&nbsp;Shashi Kant Bhatia ,&nbsp;Yung-Hun Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the increase in plastic production, efficient and timely plastic degradation are urgently needed. In that point, biodegradable plastics have attracted attention as potential solutions for environmental pollution of plastics. However, finding of superior degrading strains and enzymes such as esterase, cutinase, and triacylglycerol lipase (TGL) of bioplastic are still needed together with the efficient secretion systems of degrading enzymes. As a result, we investigated methods to enhance protein expression and secretion of novel bioplastic degrading enzyme by using signal peptides. The genes encoding TGL from <em>Bacillus</em> sp. JY35 and various secretory (Sec) pathway signal peptides were cloned together by replacing the original signal sequence, and they were expressed under T7 promoters in <em>Escherichia coli</em> BL21 (DE3). Esterase activity with <em>p</em>-nitrophenol esters, a plate assay, and SDS-PAGE were performed to screen and evaluate signal peptide efficiency. As a result, the PhoA-TGL combination was the most effective against bioplastic degradation, achieving a Polycaprolactone (PCL) degradation efficiency of 77 %, which was approximately 3.3 times higher than that of TGL with the original signal peptide. Furthermore, Polybutylene succinate (PBS) degradation under similar conditions was 1.5 times higher. Overall, this study showed signal peptide engineering could enhance the extracellular secretion and degradation system of triacylglycerol lipase (TGL) and highlights the potential of PhoA signal peptides and <em>E. coli</em> host to enhance production and secretion of plastic-degrading enzyme and degrading system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15153,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology","volume":"403 ","pages":"Pages 93-102"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic engineering and high-cell-density fermentation of Corynebacterium glutamicum to improve isopropanol production","authors":"Young Jin Ko ,&nbsp;Ha-Young Shin ,&nbsp;Wu-Young Jeong ,&nbsp;Myeong-Eun Lee ,&nbsp;Sung Ok Han","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Isopropanol is a major chemical used in the chemical industry as a chemical intermediate, organic solvent, and hand sanitizer. In this study, engineered <em>Corynebacterium glutamicum</em> strains capable of high-cell-density fermentation were developed to efficiently produce isopropanol. Transcriptome analysis identified genes that showed significant expression changes under high-cell-density fermentation condition. Based on this analysis, metabolic pathways involved in fermentation byproducts were inhibited, leading to improved isopropanol production under high-cell-density fermentation. To address the metabolic imbalance caused by this metabolic redesign, a glycolysis bypass was introduced, which improved glucose consumption and isopropanol production. High-cell-density fed-batch fermentation under an optimal condition achieved a production titer of 30.66 ± 1.24 g/L, a yield of 0.53 ± 0.03 mol/mol, and a productivity of 511.08 ± 20.72 mg/L/h, representing the highest isopropanol production in <em>C. glutamicum</em>. The development of this strain capable of high-cell-density fermentation demonstrates great potential for the industrial production of isopropanol.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15153,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology","volume":"404 ","pages":"Pages 55-62"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing secondary metabolite biosynthesis from ethnomedicinal plant Solanum nigrum L. through cytogenetically stable mass propagation, transgenic hairy root induction, and using different LED light and culture vessels for hairy root culture","authors":"Diptesh Biswas ,&nbsp;Tarun Halder ,&nbsp;Biswajit Ghosh","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed for stepwise enhancement of bioactive compound production in ethnomedicinal plant <em>Solanum nigrum</em> through novel approaches of micropropagation, hairy root induction, and treatment of hairy roots with various physical conditions. Polyamines were first-time used for <em>in vitro</em> shoot multiplication of <em>S. nigrum</em>, where highest shoot numbers (55.70 ± 0.64) were observed in Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium with 0.2 mg/L thiadiazuron + 20 mg/L spermine, whereas maximum root numbers (34.20 ± 0.80) were observed in ½MS medium with 0.5 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid. Pioneer studies of cytogenetical fidelity assessment through inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and start codon targeted (SCoT) markers, and chromosome analysis approved genetic uniformity in regenerated plants. Cent percent hairy roots were induced from <em>in vitro S. nigrum</em> leaves (25–30 roots/explant) using <em>Agrobacterium rhizogenes</em> (A4 strain). PCR of transgenes confirmed the transformed nature and absence of bacterial contamination in hairy roots. HPLC studies indicated greater secondary metabolites in hairy roots than <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> plants. Hairy root culture with different culture vessels revealed overall better biomass gain in tightly sealed vessels. However, hairy root cultures treated with red light showed highest biomass accumulation in fresh (2380.13 ± 16.83 mg) and dry (174.66 ± 4.68 mg) weight with maximum solasodine (3.25 ± 0.04 mg/g) and diosgenin (1.03 ± 0.02 mg/g) contents, whereas optimal production of caffeic (3.51 ± 0.05 mg/g), coumaric (2.53 ± 0.06 mg/g), ellagic (0.18 ± 0.02 mg/g), and ferulic (2.17 ± 0.03 mg/g) acid production was found in blue light. These reproducible protocols can be utilized in future bioreactor-mediated mass-culture of hairy roots for commercial-level secondary metabolite production from <em>S. nigrum</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15153,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology","volume":"404 ","pages":"Pages 63-82"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation and properties of eggshell-sodium alginate composites and their application in rhizobium culture","authors":"Libo Jiang ,&nbsp;Yanjun Cui ,&nbsp;Tuo Yao ,&nbsp;Aolei He ,&nbsp;Peng Tu ,&nbsp;Bing Hu ,&nbsp;Jia Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, six kinds of eggshell powder and polysaccharide composites with varying raw material ratios were prepared as bacteria carriers using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium alginate (SA), and eggshell powder as raw materials. <em>Rhizobia</em> were immobilized by cultivating them with the eggshell-SA/PVA composites. The composites before and after immobilization were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and simultaneous thermal analysis, and their degradation properties were measured. After <em>rhizobia</em> immobilization, the storage properties of the prepared materials were investigated under different pH and temperature conditions. The results showed a large number of <em>rhizobia</em> were fixed on the composite. Infrared and thermogravimetric results indicated good cross-linking of PVA and SA. The biodegradability results suggest that the prepared composite materials can be degraded by microorganisms in the environment. The storage performance test results showed that immobilized <em>rhizobia</em> had the best survival activity after 60 days of storage at pH 6.5, with bacterial content remaining above 8 lg CFU/g. Furthermore, it was observed that lower pH (4.5) and low temperatures (4°C) significantly impacted <em>rhizobia</em> survival activity, and the amount and particle size of eggshell powder in the carrier influenced bacterial survival. However, under extreme conditions, the eggshell-PVA/SA composite prepared in this experiment exhibited good protection for <em>rhizobia</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15153,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology","volume":"404 ","pages":"Pages 27-38"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xylose isomerase: From fundamental research to applied enzyme technology","authors":"Matheus Quintana Barreto ,&nbsp;Carolina Victal Garbelotti ,&nbsp;Douglas Christian Borges Lopes ,&nbsp;Jéssica de Moura Soares ,&nbsp;Richard John Ward","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Xylose isomerases (XI, EC 5.3.1.5) are key enzymes for the metabolism of pentoses by microorganisms. The importance of XIs goes beyond academic biochemical research and the catalysis of aldo-ketose conversion by XIs is among the most successful examples of industrial enzyme technology in a market that generates multibillion dollar annual revenues. Here we present an in-depth review of how structural information has contributed to the current understanding of XI catalysis, and discuss topics related to the ongoing efforts to elucidate key aspects of the catalytic mechanism. An overview of XI immobilization is also provided that illustrates how the discoveries in basic enzyme technology research can generate opportunities for novel uses of XI, and we review not only historical aspects but also more recent applications in HFCS, biofuels and other applications. The systems biology revolution will impact all aspects of XI research and application, and we finalize by reviewing the contemporary efforts of metabolic and protein engineering using XI and the future roles of the enzyme in the expanding bioeconomy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15153,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology","volume":"404 ","pages":"Pages 39-54"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced tolerance of Clostridium tyrobutyricum to lignin-derived phenolic acids by overexpressing native reductases","authors":"Hailing Wei ,&nbsp;Yuexin Wang ,&nbsp;Yu Zeng ,&nbsp;Na Yang ,&nbsp;Yuntao Jiang ,&nbsp;Yukai Suo","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ferulic acid (Fer) and <em>p</em>-coumaric acid (Coum) are major phenolic inhibitors in lignocellulosic hydrolysates that severely hinder the growth and metabolism of <em>Clostridia</em> species. This study demonstrates that the reduction of Fer and Coum to dihydroferulic acid and phloretic acid by <em>Clostridium tyrobutyricum</em> significantly alleviates their toxicity. Overexpression of the <em>dho</em>1 and <em>sdr</em>1 genes, encoding Fer and Coum reductases, respectively, in <em>C. tyrobutyricum</em> can significantly enhance tolerance to these phenolic acids. As a result, the recombinant strain ATCC 25755/<em>ds</em>, which co-overexpresses <em>dho</em>1 and <em>sdr</em>1, exhibited a marked increase in butyrate production compared to the wild-type strain under phenolic acid stress. In fed-batch fermentation with a 1.0 g/L mixture of Fer and Coum (1:1, w/w), ATCC 25755/<em>ds</em> showed a 35.1 % increase in butyrate production and a 61.1 % higher productivity. These results indicate that enhancing phenolic acid reduction can significantly improve <em>Clostridia</em>’s tolerance to phenolic acids, thereby strengthening the biotransformation of lignocellulose hydrolysates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15153,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology","volume":"404 ","pages":"Pages 9-17"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term effect of biologically treated sugarcane vinasse on the growth of Triticum aestivum L. (wheat) and soil properties","authors":"Macarena María Rulli ,&nbsp;Luciana Melisa Del Gobbo ,&nbsp;Juan Daniel Aparicio ,&nbsp;Verónica Leticia Colin","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.03.020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.03.020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sugarcane vinasse management is one of the biggest challenges of distilleries around the world. Vinasse can be used for crop fertigation, but it requires a prior conditioning treatment. This study investigates the short-term effect of the fertigation with raw vinasse (V₀) and vinasse biologically treated with the filamentous fungus <em>Aspergillus</em> sp. V2 (V_t) on the growth of <em>Triticum aestivum L.</em> (wheat), soil nutrient replenishment and soil enzyme activities. Effects of commercial chemical fertilizer (NPK) and water tap (W_t) on the parameters studied were also analyzed. The fertigation with V_t had positive effects on wheat, increasing all the plant growth parameters compared with V₀, NPK and W_t. Fertigation with V_t also induced positive changes in soil with respect to the other solutions tested, favoring the replenishment of organic matter and nutrients such as potassium (K), phosphorous (P), and magnesium (Mg). Moreover, soil enzymes (particularly dehydrogenase enzyme) responded differentially to changes in the fertigation conditions tested, providing reliable information on system quality. These results demonstrate that a fungal-based pretreatment improves the vinasse properties for agricultural uses, contributing to the advance towards a bio-based circular economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15153,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology","volume":"404 ","pages":"Pages 1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome mining of an endophytic natural yeast isolate Rhodotorula sp. Y090 and production of the potent antioxidant ergothioneine","authors":"Yu-Zhen Li ,&nbsp;Qi Wang ,&nbsp;Cheng Cheng ,&nbsp;Chao Chen ,&nbsp;Feng-Li Zhang ,&nbsp;Yue Zou ,&nbsp;Jun Li ,&nbsp;Xin-Qing Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.03.019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.03.019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Endophytic yeast strains are promising sources of various valuable bioactive compounds. However, studies on endophytic strains derived from lichen samples remain limited. In this study, we isolated and characterized <em>Rhodotorula</em> sp. Y090 from a <em>Usnea longissima</em> lichen sample, and investigated its biosynthetic potential. Genome mining revealed distinct genetic features that differed from its closest relative strain <em>R. graminis</em> WP1. Ergothioneine (EGT) is a potent antioxidant and rare sulfur-containing histidine derivative. However, so far, the EGT biosynthetic enzymes by natural yeast strains have been limitedly studied. In this study, combining genome mining and transcriptomic analysis, genes encoding the potential enzymes for the production of EGT and xylose utilization were identified in <em>Rhodotorula</em> sp. Y090. Further studies demonstrated that <em>Rhodotorula</em> sp. Y090 was capable of producing EGT using xylose, glucose, glycerol, or sucrose as the sole carbon source, and the highest titer reached 363.6 mg/L in shake flask culture, which is significantly higher than that of the most reported levels in the other natural yeasts. <em>Rhodotorula</em> sp. Y090 also exhibited a good ability of EGT export, which could facilitate cost-effective production. These findings suggest that the lichen-derived endophytic yeast <em>Rhodotorula</em> sp. Y090 represents a promising natural candidate for bio-production of the potent antioxidant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15153,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology","volume":"404 ","pages":"Pages 18-26"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal elicitors increase cell biomass, pyrroloquinazoline alkaloids production and gene expression levels of biosynthetic pathways in Adhatoda vasica Nees cell cultures","authors":"Bharat Singh ,&nbsp;Anuja Saxena ,&nbsp;Ram Avtar Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.03.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbiotec.2025.03.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Adhatoda vasica</em> Nees (Fam. - Acanthaceae) is used in the treatment of cold, cough, chronic bronchitis, and asthma. The plant species contain vasicine, vasicinone, 2-acetyl benzyl amine, adhatodine, vasicinolone, deoxyvasicinone, and vasicine acetate. To examine the effects of fungal elicitors on the production of pyrroloquinazoline alkaloids, five fungal elicitors (<em>Alternaria alternata, Rhizoctonia solani, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum capsica</em>, and <em>Puccinia thwaitesii</em>) were used. Four concentrations (2.5, 5.0, 10, and 20 %) of 5 fungal elicitors were added in the MS culture medium. The concentrations were designed to observe their effects (minimal to maximal) on growth and production of alkaloids in cell cultures. The seedlings of this species were transferred onto Murashige and Skoog medium containing IAA (1.5 mg/L) and BA (1.0 mg/L). The maximum quantity of vasicine (1.25 ± 0.023 %; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) was recorded in 6 weeks old callus. The quantity of vasicine was lower in callus (1.25 ± 0.023 %; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) than aerial parts (6.64 ± 0.034 %; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01) and roots (5.97 ± 0.097 %; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). <em>Alternaria alternata</em> (10 %) increased the growth of cell biomass as well as anthranilate synthase and anthranilate N-methyl transferase activities. Similarly, <em>Alternaria alternata</em> showed maximum increase in the production of vasicine whereas other elicitors displayed moderate increase in alkaloid production. The expression quantities of 10 genes, involved in pyrroloquinazoline alkaloids biosynthesis, were determined in this study. The maximum expression level (11.38-fold) of anthranilate synthase was observed in elicited cells treated with <em>A. alternata</em>. The study results suggest widespread use of fungal elicitors in increasing the production of secondary metabolites as well as gene expression levels in plant cell cultures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15153,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biotechnology","volume":"403 ","pages":"Pages 40-51"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}