Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants最新文献

{"title":"Optimization of ginger-derived exosome-like nanoparticle isolation: Synergistic effects of polyethylene glycol, filtration, and pH","authors":"Sara Ahmadi Shokooh,&nbsp;Masoud Fereidoni","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PELNPs) represent promising bioactive agents, with ginger-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (GELNPs) exhibiting notable therapeutic potential due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. While polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based extraction offers a cost-effective alternative to ultracentrifugation for PELNP isolation, methodological refinements are needed to enhance yield, stability, and reproducibility. This study systematically optimizes GELNP isolation by integrating PEG6000 precipitation with pH adjustment and 0.45 µm filtration, building upon existing ginger nanovesicle protocols. We present the first comparative evaluation of pH modulation versus filtration, demonstrating distinct trade-offs: pH-adjusted GELNPs achieved smaller size, whereas filtered GELNPs exhibited superior colloidal stability and lower polydispersity index (PDI). Furthermore, we identify previously unreported seasonal variations in GELNP properties, with July-derived nanoparticles displaying enhanced stability and reduced size compared to those isolated in other months. Comprehensive physicochemical characterization—including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), particle size analysis (PSA), zeta potential analysis, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR)—confirmed differences in morphology, size distribution, surface charge, and biomolecular composition. These findings highlight the necessity for seasonally adjusted, optimized isolation protocols to ensure batch-to-batch consistency and maximize therapeutic efficacy, particularly for drug delivery applications. By addressing critical methodological gaps and introducing temporal considerations, this work establishes a framework for scalable, high-quality GELNP production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"48 ","pages":"Article 100649"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144771136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective SSR markers for assessing population structure, genetic diversity, and volatile compounds in Atractylodis Rhizoma","authors":"Haotian Zhong ,&nbsp;Lina Chen ,&nbsp;Lei Chen ,&nbsp;Xiao Huang ,&nbsp;Ling Gong ,&nbsp;Juan Hu ,&nbsp;Yuling Zeng ,&nbsp;Kun Yu ,&nbsp;Lin Sen","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we aimed to develop SSR molecular markers for assessing the population structure and genetic diversity of <em>Atractylodes lancea</em> (AL) and <em>Atractylodes chinensis</em> (AC), with a focus on their volatile compounds. By utilizing transcriptome data from AL, we successfully developed 29 pairs of highly polymorphic SSR primers, generating 264 distinct alleles. Cluster analysis revealed three distinct populations: Mao Mountain, Dabie Mountain, and samples from other locations and primers with high discriminatory power were selected. Additionally, a representative core subset of 106 samples was selected from the original germplasm, capable of representing over 99 % of the genetic variation. This core subset provides an efficient resource for future studies on population genetics and trait association. The Support Vector Machine (SVM)-based method achieved an accuracy of 98.8 % in distinguishing Atractylodis Rhizoma (AR) varieties. GC-MS screening identified 24 potential differential metabolites between the two species, with correlation analysis showing significant association. This study successfully developed SSR molecular markers for analyzing genetic diversity in AL and AC and established a reliable method for identifying AR medicinal varieties. These findings provide a solid foundation for future quality control of AR and the selection of superior germplasm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100642"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144472219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resolving taxonomic complexities in medicinal Aralia: Genome-scale phylogeny and super-barcoding advance species identification and conservation","authors":"Yanan Cao ,&nbsp;Menghao Wang ,&nbsp;Jiamei Li ,&nbsp;Ying Yang ,&nbsp;Hao Wang ,&nbsp;Yanyan Liu ,&nbsp;Hongwei Wang ,&nbsp;Risong Na","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Aralia</em> section <em>Dimorphanthus</em> represents the largest section in Araliaceae and has been employed in East Asian traditional medicine for centuries. However, the morphological complexity and the prevalence of hybridization/introgression posed a great challenge for accurate species identification, thereby hindering the development, conservation and application of these medicinal plants. In this study, we employed sequences of hundreds of nuclear loci and the complete plastomes to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships, and evaluated the effectiveness of 12 distinct barcode systems for distinguishing Chinese species of <em>Aralia</em> sect. <em>Dimorphanthus</em>. We found that plastome length, gene content, and order of these species were highly conserved, while the inverted repeat regions showed variability between temperate and tropical/subtropical lineages, providing novel markers for geographical traceability. Phylogenetic relationships constructed based on the genome-scale data confirmed that Chinese <em>Aralia</em> sect. <em>Dimorphanthus</em> was monophyletic and comprised three well-supported lineages. Incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization were identified as the main factors contributing to the phylogenetic conflicts among trees. Species discrimination analysis revealed that super-barcoding strategies integrating complete plastomes and nrDNA sequences, achieved a 92 % species identification accuracy among the 14 studied species of <em>Aralia</em> sect. <em>Dimorphanthus</em>, outperforming standard barcodes. While this system resolved most taxonomic ambiguities, the inclusion of universal nuclear markers is crucial to resolve ambiguities in highly variable taxa like <em>A. elata</em>. These advancements directly support industrial needs for reliable species authentication and biodiversity conservation in pharmacologically important species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100643"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supercritical fluid extraction of Bidens pilosa L. oil: Kinetics evaluation and antitumor activity","authors":"Ramon G. Paschoal ,&nbsp;Marianne L. Higino ,&nbsp;Ana Paula G. Alves ,&nbsp;André Luiz F. Sampaio ,&nbsp;Dulcineia F. Teixeira ,&nbsp;Leonardo Lucchetti ,&nbsp;Marisa F. Mendes","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100641","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100641","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Different plants have been used, around the world, in the treatment of primary diseases as an alternative or popular medicine. In Brazil, the Health Minister introduced a national politic for the phytotherapy use in the Single Health System (SUS). Due to that, <em>Bidenspilosa</em> L. (Asteraceae) was chosen because it is one of the medicinal plants present in the Single Health System list, called RENISUS. <em>Bidens pilosa</em> L. is a popular plant used in the treatment of different diseases (malaria, cancer tumors, fever, diabetes, infections, inflammations, angina, etc.) and is widely disseminated throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The biological activities of the plant are attributed to the presence of flavonoids, polyacetylenes and terpenes. Therefore, this study evaluated the biological activities of the oil extraction using supercritical CO₂ at different pressure and temperature conditions, due to the scarcity of studies comparing supercritical fluid extraction to conventional techniques (Soxhlet and maceration). The experimental procedure used 8 g of previously dried and milled leaves at different conditions according to an experimental design (150 bar - 60 °C; 179 bar - 46 °C; 179 bar - 74 °C; 250 bar - 40 °C; 250 bar - 80 °C; 321 bar - 46 °C; 321 bar - 74 °C, 350 bar - 60 °C, 250 bar - 60 °C). According to the results, the best yield was 0.082 % (6.6 mg) at 321 bar and 74 °C. The analyses of the experiments done at 321 bar at 74 °C and 250 bar at 40 °C, showed ultraviolet spectra characteristic of terpenes. The extracts analyzed showed promising inhibition in the two tumor cell lines: melanoma, SK-MEL-28 (68 %) and leukemia K562 (90 %), both at a concentration of 150 μg/mL. The results suggested the importance of the bioactive components from <em>Bidens pilosa</em> to contribute to a new anticancer drug using supercritical technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100641"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blockchain technology in herbal medicines: Applications, trends, and prospects","authors":"Mingyu Han ,&nbsp;Qiang Hu ,&nbsp;Yuanzhong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The quality and safety of Herbal medicines (HMs) not only affect the development of the industry chain, but also the life safety rights and interests of patients. Traditional HMs supply chains suffer from opaque information and easy tampering, but blockchain intervention can significantly improve the security and traceability of information. The combination of blockchain and herb chain will be the future trend. This paper uses bibliometric statistics to analyze the practical application scenarios of blockchain and summarizes the challenges faced in HMs supply chain. It further explores the application potential of blockchain in the field of HMs and designs a traceability system for HMs based on blockchain technology. A large number of literature surveys found that the application scope of blockchain in HMs is relatively small, and comprehensive coverage of blockchain applications has a high coefficient of difficulty. This paper provides more possibilities for the application of blockchain in HMs, which will promote the development of a benign cycle of the HMs industry chain and protect the rights and interests of consumers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100645"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144588674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xenia effect enhance pod and seed quality in Gleditsia sinensis","authors":"Qingying Zeng ,&nbsp;Yang Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiurong Wang ,&nbsp;Meixuan Xie ,&nbsp;Fuhua Liu ,&nbsp;Xingfu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Gleditsia sinensis</em> is a tree species with high economic value, but the pairing of male and female trees is often overlooked in its cultivation practices. The fruit quality of <em>G. sinensis</em> under natural pollination tends to be inconsistent, resulting in lower economic value. Therefore, understanding the xenia effects of <em>G. sinensis</em> on fruit and seed quality is crucial for improving their overall quality. In this study, The <em>G. sinensis</em> as the female parent and <em>Gleditsia japonica var. delavayi</em>, <em>Gleditsia japonica</em>, <em>G. sinensis</em>, and <em>Gleditsia fera</em> as male parents for hybridization. By observing and comparing the inflorescence characteristics of different male parents, as well as the fruit set rates, pod phenotypes, and seed yield under various pollination combinations, we found that artificial pollination significantly increased the yield of pods and seeds, and distinct xenia effects were observed in the fruits and seeds of <em>G. sinensis</em>. Through comprehensive evaluation, <em>G. fera</em> was identified as the optimal pollen source for interspecific hybridization with <em>G. sinensis</em>, significantly increasing fruit set rate, saponin content, and seed yield. Pollination with <em>G. japonica</em> resulted in a higher seed abortion rate and poorer seed quality, but significantly increased the amino acid and starch content in the pods. <em>G. delavayi</em> pollen is more inclined to produce high-quality seeds. These findings provide valuable insights for the selection of <em>G. sinensis</em> pollinating trees and the improvement of <em>G. sinensis</em> fruit quality.</div></div><div><h3>Data availability</h3><div>All data generated in this study are presented within the manuscript. Further information and requests could be directed to the lead contact, Prof. Yang Zhao ([email protected])</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100644"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing trait-specific populations and genetic diversity patterns in clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.) using SSR markers","authors":"Niketa Yadav ,&nbsp;Mohar Singh ,&nbsp;Asmita Saini ,&nbsp;Pratibha Pandey ,&nbsp;Garima Thakur ,&nbsp;Ramesh Chauhan ,&nbsp;Satbeer Singh ,&nbsp;Sanatsujat Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100646","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Clary sage (<em>Salvia sclarea</em> L.) is an aromatic and medicinal herb grown widely across Europe, Western Asia, Maghreb, the Mideast, and countries like India. The purpose of this study was to assess genetic diversity of clary sage genotypes from the Western Himalayas, aiming to support future breeding efforts. A total of 72 genotypes of clary sage from six distinct populations were examined using 49 simple sequence repeat markers. In total, 323 alleles were detected ranging from 1 to 16 with an average of 6.54 alleles per locus. Among these, 78.33 % were common alleles, 1.86 % were rare, and 19.81 % were frequent alleles. The results revealed an overall polymorphic information content of 93.88 %, with an average of 0.71 ranging from 0.00 to 0.93 at each marker locus, indicating high genetic variability among the studied material. The detected heterozygosity (0.52) was lower than expected heterozygosity (0.71), pointing a heterozygotes deficit populations. Analysis of variance showed considerable variability for biomass yield. Molecular analysis of variance (AMOVA) showed that genetic diversity was greater within individuals than among populations. Unweighted neighbour-joining, principal coordinate analysis, and population structure showed that the genotypes from different geographic regions and various biomass yield groups were predominantly admixed across clusters. The cluster-III represented the Bharmour population was the highest biomass performer group. The observed diversity patterns will facilitate plant breeders to make choices for breeding programs aiming for higher biomass yield in this plant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"47 ","pages":"Article 100646"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Dendrobium officinale species and authentication of commercial products by DNA barcoding and high-resolution melting analysis","authors":"Zhilong He ,&nbsp;Zhao Yang ,&nbsp;Cui Dong ,&nbsp;Shanshan Yan ,&nbsp;Jing Lin ,&nbsp;Hexigeduleng Bao ,&nbsp;Fan Tang ,&nbsp;Leilei Zhang ,&nbsp;Cheng Zhu ,&nbsp;Yan Hu ,&nbsp;Yanfei Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Dendrobium officinale</em> is widely used as a precious traditional medicinal plant and health food in China. However, because of its high nutritional and medicinal value, it is often targeted for adulteration or mislabeling. This work aims to exploit DNA barcoding combined with high-resolution melting analysis to differentiate <em>Dendrobium officinale</em><strong>（</strong><em>D. officinale</em>）species from non-<em>D. officinale</em> species and to further identify its botanical origin. The internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) was targeted as a candidate barcode for <em>Dendrobium</em> species identification. High resolution melting（HRM）method allowed differentiating the six <em>Dendrobium</em> species in three clusters with 95 % confidence interval, which is consistent with the sequencing analysis. ITS2 sequencing results implied that 43 % of commercial <em>Dendrobium</em> products may be mislabeled. Thus, ITS2 DNA barcoding with HRM assay could be used as a simple, specific and cost-effective tool to identify different <em>Dendrobium</em> species and commercial <em>Dendrobium</em> products, and to authenticate the origin of <em>D. officinale.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100633"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the quality of plant material in commercial products of ground ivy herb (Glechomae hederaceae herba)","authors":"Karolina Grabowska,&nbsp;Weronika Ziółkowska-Żygas,&nbsp;Agnieszka Galanty,&nbsp;Dagmara Wróbel-Biedrawa,&nbsp;Irma Podolak","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>G. hederacea</em> has a well-established position in traditional medicinal systems of Europe and Asia. Despite the significant increase in the number of products based on this plant on the European market, there is as yet no European Pharmacopoeia monograph on <em>Glechomae herba,</em> therefore legally binding quality standards of medical-grade ground ivy herb in member states that ratified Convention on the elaboration of a European Pharmacopoeia. This study aimed to investigate differences in the quality of the commercially available single-herb loose <em>G. hederacea</em> products in the aspects of authentication, purity of plant material and content of bioactive substances. As the therapeutic potential of <em>G. hederacea</em> is related to the presence of phenolic compounds, the study on qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolics by HPLC method was performed. The analysis revealed significant differences in the quality of ground ivy plant material, in terms of the content of bioactive compounds. The determined levels of rosmarinic acid, chlorogenic acid, gallic acid and rutin in the products ranged from 0.10 to 4.55 mg/g DW; 0.18–1.57 mg/g DW; 0.02–1.28 mg/g DW; to 6.01 mg/g DW, respectively. Additionally, the products varied significantly in the sum of determined polyphenols (1.5 – 7.16 mg/g DW). The findings highlight the need to establish the standards and requirements for bioactive phenolic content to ensure high-quality plant material with significant medicinal value. Additionally, our study suggests that rosmarinic acid, rutin, chlorogenic acid, and the total polyphenol content could serve as quality markers for <em>Glechomae hederaceae herba</em> in pro-health applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100634"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accurate and intelligent quantification of adulterated Angelicae Sinensis Radix by a novel ensemble method with near-infrared spectroscopy","authors":"Xihui Bian ,&nbsp;Yuxia Liu ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Xie ,&nbsp;Chunyan Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaoyao Tan ,&nbsp;Weilu Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2025.100640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integrity and authenticity of Chinese medicinal materials are essential for ensuring the efficacy of medicines and safety of patients. <em>Angelicae Sinensis Radix</em> (ASR), a highly valued traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is often substituted or mixed with lower-cost alternatives. In this study, a novel method was proposed for the quantification of adulterated ASR using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics. Binary and ternary adulterated ASR samples were prepared by mixing ASR with <em>Angelicae Pubescentis Radix</em> (APR) and <em>Chuanxiong Rhizoma</em> (CR), and their NIR spectra were measured in the range of 1000–1800 nm. Sample subsets were initially selected using Monte Carlo (MC) sampling, followed by the application of whale optimization algorithm (WOA) to select variables and establish an extreme learning machine (ELM) model, referred to as MC-WOA-ELM. The iteration number and percentage of training subsets for MC-WOA-ELM were optimized to further improve the predictive performance of model. The predictive ability of the proposed method was compared with partial least squares (PLS), ELM and WOA-ELM for both binary and ternary adulterated ASR samples. The results indicate that MC-WOA-ELM achieves the highest prediction accuracy. Therefore, the proposed method is rapid and intelligent for the quantification of adulterated ASR samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 100640"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}