Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants最新文献

{"title":"Diosgenin production from Dioscorea zingiberensis tubers by novel pressurized hydrolysis in acidic ionic liquids","authors":"Guohua Xia ,&nbsp;Yangguang Dai ,&nbsp;Jinwei Zhou ,&nbsp;Mingjing Zhang ,&nbsp;Minjun Wang ,&nbsp;Huan Yang ,&nbsp;Yuping Shen ,&nbsp;Pengfei Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diosgenin (25R-spirost-en-3β-ol; CAS No.: 512–04–9), a plant-derived natural product, has significant importance for manufacturing steroid-based drugs. It is primarily prepared by direct acid hydrolysis, but this out-of-date process is not environmentally friendly. In recent decades, ionic liquids have shown good potential to replace conventional organic solvents in many fields. The aim of this study was to develop a novel approach for diosgenin production, in which the acidic ionic liquid [BHSO₃MIm]HSO₄ was employed under pressurised conditions to hydrolyse the crude saponin of <em>Dioscorea zingiberensis</em> C. H. Wright tubers for the first time. The hydrolysis conditions were optimised through a one-factor-at-a-time experiment, and the maximum yield of diosgenin was achieved at 3.71 ± 0.18 % with an ionic liquid concentration of 0.5 M, a solid–liquid ratio of 1:30 g/mL, a hydrolysis temperature of 140°C, and a hydrolysis duration of 0.5 h. The diosgenin yield was 75.67 % of the maximum yield after six consecutive applications of [BHSO₃MIm]HSO₄. The yield achieved was comparable to pressurised acid hydrolysis and microwave-assisted ionic liquid hydrolysis and significantly higher than that of direct acid hydrolysis (<em>P</em>&lt;0.01). Meanwhile, catalyst consumption was 0.123 mol/g diosgenin, which was much lower than that of microwave-assisted ionic liquid hydrolysis (0.600 mol/g). Moreover, the hydrolysis reaction was completed within 0.5 h, which was only one-third of the conventional pressurized acid hydrolysis. This newly established method has significant merit in hydrolysis duration and is associated with decreased catalyst consumption, and [BHSO₃MIm]HSO₄ is of good reusability, making it a greener and more economical method for diosgenin preparation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100596"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound and low-pressure supercritical CO2 extraction: A synergistic approach to hemp seed oil extraction","authors":"Rattana Muangrat ,&nbsp;Yongyut Chalermchat ,&nbsp;Thanyaporn Siriwoharn ,&nbsp;Wachira Jirarattanarangsri ,&nbsp;Pipat Tangjaidee ,&nbsp;Israpong Pongsirikul ,&nbsp;Supachet Pannasai","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Supercritical CO₂ extraction was employed to acquire cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabidiol (CBD), cannabinol (CBN), and tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) at temperatures ranging from 40 to 60 °C. The highest yields of cannabinoids were achieved under reduced pressure conditions of 200 bar. Ultrasonication pretreatment on hemp seeds prior extraction showed little impact on chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. Oils extracted from ultrasonically treated hemp seeds exhibited a higher total phenolic content at 200 bar and 50 °C for 3 h compared to treatment at 600 bar and 50 °C for 1 h, correlating with the antioxidant activities. Analysis of the extracted hemp seed oil showed elevated levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid. The extracted hemp seed oils showed polyunsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids (PUFAs/SFAs) ratios of 6.58–7.22, n-6/n-3 ratios of 3.96–4.18, and index of atherogenicity (IA) values ranging from 0.07 to 0.09. Thrombogenic potential, reflected by index of thrombogenicity (IT) values, varied between 0.12 and 0.13 in the extracted oils. Hydrogen/hydrocarbon (H/H) ratios for hemp seed oils were between 11.66 and 13.28. Ultrasonication pretreatment significantly altered cannabinoid profiles of the oils. Low pressure extraction favored CBDA and THCA, while high pressure extraction negatively impacted all cannabinoids. In addition, the ultrasonic pre-treatment of hemp seeds before supercritical CO₂ extraction minimally affected fatty acid composition and nutritional indices, including PUFAs/SFAs ratio, n-6/n-3 ratio, IA and IT values, and H/H ratio. A combination of pretreatment and low-pressure extraction at 50 °C better maintained stability of the oil during storage at 25 °C than high pressure extraction. Conversely, untreated oil extracted at high pressure exhibited the lowest peroxide values after a prolonged storage at 55 °C, suggesting complex interactions between pretreatment, extraction, and storage conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100595"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the genotypic superiority of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) for yield and quality traits under three contrasting production systems","authors":"Raghuveer Silaru ,&nbsp;Prasath Duraisamy ,&nbsp;Yuvaraj Kotha Madduri ,&nbsp;Aarthi Sounderarajan ,&nbsp;Srinivasan Veeraraghavan ,&nbsp;Krishnamurthy Kuntagodu Subraya","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Turmeric (<em>Curcuma longa</em> L.) is a high-value spice and medicinal crop in the family Zingiberaceae. Growth, yield, and quality are influenced by geographical factors, production conditions, and climatic factors such as temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, and light. Breeding for controlled environments requires a focus on specific plant traits, like rapid growth, adaptability to low light conditions, and manipulation of plant size. Genotypes with maximum genetic plasticity are ideal for these conditions. The cultivation of turmeric must accelerate to meet demands for a increased yield and quality while minimizing environmental impact, achievable through controlled-environment production systems. Our study aims to identify superior turmeric genotypes for high yield and quality under controlled production systems, including vertical structures and greenhouse conditions. Results showed significant variation among 21 genotypes across three different production systems in terms of yield, dry recovery, oleoresin, essential oil, and curcuminoids. CIM Pitambar (185.76), Acc. 849 (176.50), Acc. 214 (149.50), and IISR Pragati (148.74) demonstrated superior fresh rhizome yield per clump under vertical structures. IISR Pragati performed well in both under greenhouse (959.08 g) and field condition (635.95 g). High recovery of cured turmeric was recorded in Acc. 14 (23.20 %) under vertical structures, Chhattisgarh Haldi 2 (25.60 %) under greenhouse and Uttar Rangini (23.14 %) under field conditions. Waigon Turmeric outperformed all other genotypes for oleoresin and essential oil contents and was found to be significantly higher across the production systems. The curcuminoids varied significantly and ranged from 0.12 % to 6.65 % across three production systems. Waigon Turmeric (2.13 %) was found to be superior for vertical structures, IISR Pragati (3.62 %) for greenhouse and IISR Prathiba (6.18 %) for field conditions. Greenhouse condition was found to be the best environment followed by field condition for fresh rhizome yield and essential oil content, whereas field condition was best for dry recovery, oleoresin and curcuminoids content. Our findings suggested that yield and quality are affected by the environments, and yield was found to be best in the greenhouse and quality traits performed best in field conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100592"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative study of pulsed electric field, ultrasound, milling and soaking as pre-treatments for assistance in the extraction of polyphenols from willow bark (Salix alba)","authors":"Liwen Zheng,&nbsp;Selene Pedrós-Garrido,&nbsp;James G. Lyng,&nbsp;Jean Christophe Jacquier,&nbsp;Niamh Harbourne","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>White willow (<em>Salix alba</em>) has a long history of use as an herbal remedy for treating common pain and inflammation. Pre-treatment is a crucial step that assists the subsequent extraction process and may affect the extraction efficiency of polyphenols from plant materials. The objective of this work was to study the impact of pre-treatment methods on the hot water extraction of polyphenols from willow bark. Pulsed electric field (PEF) and ultrasound (US) pre-treatments were compared to commonly used pre-treatment methods, milling and soaking. All pre-treatments significantly increased the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) in willow extracts. At a similar energy level, PEF with 400 pulses yielded a higher TPC (44.33 mg GAE/g d.w.) and antioxidant activity (DPPH of 74.58 mg AAE/g and FRAP of 186.41 mmol TE/g) than US pre-treated samples, but a small increase in ultrasonic energy resulted in the highest TPC (46.20 mg GAE/g d.w.) and antioxidant activity (DPPH of 76.18 mg AAE/g and FRAP of 220.20 mmol TE/g) of all the pre-treatments. Compared with PEF and US, milling (42.69 mg GAE/g d.w.) and soaking (40.29 mg GAE/g d.w.) were less effective in recovering polyphenols but they were comparable with PEF and US when employed at low energy levels. Overall results indicate emerging technologies PEF and US can be alternatives to milling to enhance the extractability of polyphenols and to reduce energy consumption. The obtained willow extracts were a rich source of polyphenols that could be used for food and pharmaceutical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100591"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arthropods pest complex and associated natural enemies across different phenological growth stages of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal) in India: Insights for developing integrated pest management strategies for sustainable production","authors":"Santosh C. Kedar ,&nbsp;M. Annamalai ,&nbsp;Sunil Joshi ,&nbsp;Omprakash Navik ,&nbsp;K.M. Kumaranag ,&nbsp;P.R. Shashank","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100590","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100590","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Withania somnifera</em> (L.) Dunal, commonly known as ashwagandha, is one of the 55 species prioritized by the National Medicinal Plant Board, India. It is pharmacologically, an exceptional medicinal plant used in ayurvedic and indigenous medicinal systems. Damage by insect pests is a crucial obstruction for the industrially and commercially supreme medicinal plant, ashwagandha. Studies on a long-term basis to catalogue different arthropod pests damaging ashwagandha, their peak activity period, the vulnerability of the crop stage, natural enemies associated with recorded insect pests and their activity period were still unexplored. The current study was carried out for three consecutive years and recorded wholly 54 species of arthropods causing injury to the ashwagandha crop across different phenological crop growth stages, and 32 species of natural enemies managing these corresponding insect pests. Of the observed phytophagous arthropods, the Hemipteran species (61 %) were dominant, followed by Coleoptera (13 %), Lepidoptera (9 %), and Orthoptera (9 %). Here we explored the arthropod pest assemblage such as sap suckers (65 %), defoliators (33 %), and root feeders (2 %) infesting ashwagandha in the subtropical region of India. Amongst these pests, <em>Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata</em> (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) appeared as a major threat to the quality raw material production of ashwagandha. The full blossom with the initiation of berries was found to be a more vulnerable phenological stage, being attacked by 74 % of recorded arthropod pests. The natural enemies belonging to Coleoptera, Hemiptera, and Hymenoptera outnumbered the leftovers. This study also encapsulates the activity period of arthropod pests and their natural enemies, which can be a path road to choosing other integrable components in management strategy and also to articulate the conservation strategies. Since, information on arthropod pests and their natural enemies in the crop ecosystem is elementary to articulate any Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study conducted for a long period and making an inventory of arthropods infesting the ashwagandha crop, their correspondent natural enemies and their periods of activity can be a roadmap in constructing an IPM strategy for sustainable ashwagandha production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100590"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species discrimination of Fritillaria Bulbus using PCR-CRISPR/Cas12a-based nucleic acid detection","authors":"Dongfan Yang,&nbsp;Yanchao Yang,&nbsp;Wanjun Lin,&nbsp;Meina Shi,&nbsp;Zifeng Huang,&nbsp;Xuening Zhang,&nbsp;Wenzhe Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Fritillaria</em> Bulbus (FB) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine known for its efficacy in relieving coughs and alleviating asthma. It is frequently used in conjunction with other <em>Fritillaria</em> species due to their highly similar morphological characteristics. Given their considerable medicinal and economic value, convenient and accurate methods for identifying these herbal medicines are essential. This study introduces a nucleic acid detection method that integrates PCR amplification of the target region of nuclear ribosomal DNA with CRISPR/Cas12a mediated trans-cleavage of a fluorescent reporter. This method distinguishes between the two most commercially valuable species of FB, specifically <em>Fritillaria Cirrhosa</em> Bulbus (FCB) and <em>Fritillaria Ussuriensis</em> Bulbus (FUB). A conserved fragment of nuclear ribosomal DNA was chosen as the target sequence for designing crRNAs specific to each species. Both crRNAs exhibit high sensitivity in detecting amplified genes, with a detection limit of 3.0 ng/μl. No cross-reactivity was detected with non-target species, indicating high specificity<em>.</em> The practicality of this method was validated through the analysis of standard medicinal materials and real-world samples. Compared to DNA barcoding, this method exhibited superior capability in detecting mixed samples, thereby establishing a benchmark for the application of CRISPR/Cas-based nucleic acid detection in verifying the authenticity of traditional Chinese medicinal materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100589"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient in-vitro regeneration protocol for large-scale propagation of Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f.","authors":"Sarfraz Ahmad ,&nbsp;Mohd. Tariq ,&nbsp;Saniya ,&nbsp;Vikas Belwal ,&nbsp;Maksud Hasan Shah ,&nbsp;Pankaj Kumar ,&nbsp;Meenakshi Sharma ,&nbsp;Chittaranjan Kole ,&nbsp;Mukul Jain ,&nbsp;Prashant Kaushik","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100588","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100588","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Aloe vera</em> a medicinal shrub, is used in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics due to its therapeutic properties, but its male sterility and self-incompatibility make seed-based reproduction challenging. The current investigation provides a detailed account of a refined <em>in-vitro</em> regeneration process, discussing direct and indirect organogenesis techniques. Shoot multiplication, callus formation, organogenesis in callus culture, and rooting were all evaluated in the Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium employing several plant growth regulators (PGRs). BAP (N6-benzyl amino purine) alone at 3.5 mg/l was the most effective treatment for rapid shoot multiplication and the healthiest shoot quality in direct shoot proliferation. It was shown that a combination of 2.0 mg/l Kn (Kinetin) and 1.0 mg/l NAA (1-naphthalene acetic acid) was most responsive for regeneration in callus culture, whereas 2.5 mg/l 2,4-D (2,4-dichloro phenoxy acetic acid) produced the most profuse regenerative callusing. In addition, plantlets treated with 1.5 mg/l IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) <em>in-vitro</em> produced the highest and longest roots, contributing to a 94 % survival rate during the subsequent acclimatization process. Moreover, regeneration efficiency <em>via</em> direct and indirect channels is also briefly discussed. This research has the potential to enhance the efficiency, precise application of appropriate PGRs needed for the mass production of <em>Aloe vera</em> at various stages of <em>in-vitro</em> culture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100588"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142530018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of microbiomes and mycotoxins revealing the importance in the standardized storage of Aesculus wilsonii Rehd fruit","authors":"Jing Mo ,&nbsp;Shiqi Yu ,&nbsp;Zhaohua Shi ,&nbsp;Hailan Zhu ,&nbsp;Lichun Ye ,&nbsp;Yuxin Zhou ,&nbsp;Jing Nie ,&nbsp;Bo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Aesculus wilsonii</em> Rehd, a medicinal food homology plant, whose fruit are used to treat diseases such as edema and exudation of soft tissue. Nonetheless, the presence of microbial and mycotoxin contaminants in <em>A. wilsonii</em> fruit is still unclear<em>.</em> In this study, high-throughput sequencing and liquid chromatograph tandem-mass spectrometry were conducted to determine the diversity of fungal microbiome and mycotoxin contents in moldy <em>A. wilsonii</em> fruit. The prevalent fungi in <em>A. wilsonii</em> fruit included <em>Fusarium, Colletotrichum, Dictyostelium,</em> and <em>Aspergillus</em>. Furthermore, mycotoxin tests showed that all samples tested positive for ochratoxin A, with deoxynivalenol detected in 72.4 % of samples, zearalenone in 24.1 %, and T-2 toxin in 62.1 %, revealing these mycotoxins constituted the primary contaminants. Moreover, to monitor the mycotoxin-producing fungi, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) targeting key genes in toxin biosynthetic pathway of <em>Fusarium</em> and <em>Aspergillus</em> was established. and it can detect fungi with DNA content less than 20 ng. In conclusion, this study reported the microbiome diversity and the prevalence of fungi contamination in <em>A. wilsonii</em> fruit, while also established a rapid method for detecting toxigenic fungi. This work focused on analyzing and detecting microbiomes and mycotoxins in <em>A. wilsonii</em> fruit, providing a reference for the study of potentially harmful microorganisms in the storage of medicinal products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100586"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142438331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal communities in three root herbs: Insights and implications","authors":"Yanan Xu ,&nbsp;Chune Fan ,&nbsp;Huilin Yuan,&nbsp;Yufeng Li,&nbsp;Jianping Han,&nbsp;Meihua Yang,&nbsp;Xiaohui Pang","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The roots of Astragali Radix (AM), Dioscoreae Rhizome (DR), and Codonopsis Radix (CR) are frequently used in classical tonic formulations and dietary supplements. Given the extended exposure of rhizomes to complex biological environments, it is necessary to investigate the fungal composition of their surface. In this study, the fungal communities in the three root herbs were analyzed by DNA metabarcoding, and an extensive comparison of the fungal diversity at each taxonomic level was carried out. Furthermore, we examined the effects of species, collection site, and processing method on the fungal community. In Astragali Radix and Codonopsis Radix samples, <em>Cladosporium</em> was the predominant genus, with relative abundances of 1.98 %-76.81 % and 1.69 %-85.59 %, respectively. <em>Aspergillus</em> (0.08 %–99.92 %) was the prevailing genus in Dioscoreae Rhizome samples. Meanwhile, a total of 12 potential toxigenic fungi were identified, including <em>Aspergillus restrictus</em>, <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>, and <em>Penicillium citrinum</em>. Moreover, the variations in fungal diversity and community composition from different collection sites and processing approaches were observed. Linear discriminant analysis effect size indicated significant differences in the relative abundance of genera among the three root herbs. <em>Gibberella</em> and <em>Mucor</em> genera were significantly enriched in Astragali Radix samples, while <em>Yarrowia</em> and <em>Cladosporium</em> genera exhibited significant enrichment in Dioscoreae Rhizome and Codonopsis Radix samples, respectively (<em>p</em>≤0.001). This study presents novel insights into the fungal profiles of three root herbs, thereby providing references for their safe utilization and quality improvement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100587"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonic-assisted extraction of polyphenolics from Schrebera swietenioides Roxb.: An optimization using response surface methodology","authors":"Asha Humbal ,&nbsp;Laxman Singh ,&nbsp;Bhawana Pathak","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Schrebera swietenioides</em> Roxb is an important medicinal plant used for the treatment of various diseases by the indigenous communities. However, this plant is still underexplored in the modern scientific era. Specifically, the leaves of the plant are reported to contain various medicinal properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic activity. Herewith, the present work demonstrates and optimizes the extraction process usingan ultrasonic system and comopared the results with conventional extraction methods. Optimization was performed by combining first and second-order polynomial designs at different levels using Plackett-Burman and Central-Composite designs. A total of 31 experiments were conducted at different levels, including ultrasonic power (10–40 %), solvent-to-sample ratio (20–50 mL/g), solvent concentration (50–80 %), and HCl normality (0.2–1 N). The findings of the study suggest a significant (p&lt;0.05) influence of extraction parameters on the extraction yield of the response variables, including total phenol (TPC), total flavonoid (TFC), total tannin (TTC), and the antioxidants activity. Further, the predicted values demonstrated good agreement with the experimental values, exhibiting a high (R²&gt;95%) coefficient of determination and a non-significant lack of fit. At the optimized condition, the experimental values of TPC, TFC, TTC and antioxidants (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP) activity were found near the model predicted values. The HPLC-PDA analysis identified ten polyphenolic compounds, among which rutin hydrate (12.991±0.003 mg/g DW), followed by phloridzin (6.660±0.001 mg/g DW), and chlorogenic acid (3.380±0.008 mg/g DW) were the most prominent compounds. Furthermore, the optimized extract showed effective antibacterial activity against <em>Bacillus subtillis</em>, <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> species. In conclusion, the obtained results indicate that the proposed optimization strategy can be utilized to enhance the yield of polyphenolics from the target species with possibility of its application in therapeutics values.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100585"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142424688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}