Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants最新文献

{"title":"Exploration of Anethum graveolens diversity from North Western Himalayan","authors":"Rhydum Sharma ,&nbsp;Richa Salwan ,&nbsp;Naveen Dwivedi ,&nbsp;Abhishek Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Vivek Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100559","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Anethum graveolens</em> L., an aromatic plant grown during winter season belongs to the family Apiaceae. The leaves and seeds of the plants are widely consumed in India. The seeds of the plants are rich in aroma, due to the richness of essential oils whereas the leaves hold immense potential due to their antioxidant and heavy metal stress alleviation properties. However, the genetic diversity of <em>A. graveolens</em> from North Western Himalayan has not been explored so far. Therefore, the genetic diversity of <em>A. graveolens</em> was investigated using 33 random amplified polymorphic (RAPD) and 27 inter sequence specific region (ISSR) markers. Out of the 33 random primers, only 4 RAPD markers resulted in PCR amplification whereas 18 ISSR markers resulted in reproducible PCR amplification. Out of these ISSR markers, 11 markers accounted for 75–100 % of the polymorphism across all the accessions. Additionally, protein profiling was also used to investigate the diversity of <em>A. graveolens</em> landraces. Overall, the cluster analysis using Neighbor joining (N-J) and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) method followed by principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the accessions of <em>A. graveolens</em> irrespective to their geographic distribution shared the common group. Furthermore, the antioxidant potential of the local landraces was also investigated based on the free radical scavenging potential using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The present current study on exploration of <em>A. graveolens</em> diversity can be helpful in developing conservation strategies of its local germplasm prevalent in North Western Himalayan region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100559"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141328487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective techniques to break seed dormancy in Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk. for seed germination enhancement","authors":"Suttiwan Wunnoo ,&nbsp;Tewee Maneerat ,&nbsp;Ladawan Lerslerwong ,&nbsp;Supayang Piyawan Voravuthikunchai ,&nbsp;Pattamavadee Kunwanlee","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Rhodomyrtus tomentosa</em> is a valuable plant for medical and pharmaceutical uses. The plant reproduces through seeds; however, the seeds become dormant, resulting in low germination rates. The industrial demand for this plant is expanding, making sustainable propagation a major challenge. The present study aims to evaluate different techniques for breaking the dormancy of <em>R. tomentosa</em> seeds. A randomized design was used to evaluate different techniques for breaking the dormancy of <em>R. tomentosa</em> seeds, including de-operculum, chemical scarifications, and exogenous gibberellic acid (GA₃), in both laboratory conditions at ambient temperature (25 ± 2 °C) and field conditions. The characteristics of <em>R. tomentosa</em> fruit and seeds were assessed. The average mass, width, and length of fruits were 1.90 g, 13.78 g, and 15.27 g, respectively. The average seed/ripe fruit contained 57 seeds, and the mass of 1000 seeds was 2.64 g. Seed viability (100 %) was achieved in the treatment with 0.075 % tetrazolium at 45 °C for 3 h, but a germinated seed was only 13.00 %. The study of breaking seed dormancy in laboratory conditions revealed that de-operculum significantly enhanced seed germination up to 83.00 % within 15 days, compared with control treatment of 13.00 % within 34 days (p ≤ 0.01). In contrast, 10 % KNO₃ for 24 h under field conditions resulted in the highest seed germination rate of 91.00 % within 34 days, while de-operculum treatment showed 63.00 % of seed germination within 15 days. In addition, the seed water imbibition rate between control and de-operculum seeds was evaluated. The results demonstrated that the control seeds absorbed water more slowly than the de-operculum seeds, indicating that de-operculum promoted faster germination. The findings concluded that breaking seed dormancy is important for <em>R. tomentosa</em> seed germination. De-operculum and KNO₃ were discovered to be effective ways of breaking seed dormancy in <em>R. tomentosa</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100558"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141292236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyses of the sexual reproductive traits for conservation and sustainable utilization of Dactylorhiza hatagirea – A critically endangered medicinal orchid of North-western Himalaya","authors":"Ishfaq Ahmad Wani ,&nbsp;Sufiya Rashid ,&nbsp;Susheel Verma","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To undertake scientifically appropriate management and conservation practices, understanding the reproductive biology of endemic and threatened species is critical. <em>Dactylorhiza hatagirea</em> is an important medicinal plant whose reproductive strategies and adaptive evolution mechanisms are still not fully clear. The present study was conducted in the North-western Himalaya of India to understand the reproductive biology, breeding system and pollination ecology of <em>D. hatagirea</em>; an endemic and critically endangered orchid. It is a perennial herb that grows along the altitudinal gradients of 2100–3107 m.a.s.l. and overcomes harsh winters through underground perrenating tubers. The flowering commences from May to July and the flowers are completely zygomorphic with male and female reproductive organs fused to constitute gynostemium. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) show significant statistical difference (p &lt; 0.05) between the floral traits for most of the characters. Each flower bears two dark green colored pollinaria with an average of 212.14 ± 14.4 pollinia. Pollen occur as tetrads and polyads in massulae and their viability was greater than 95 ± 4.2 %. Stigma receptivity was confirmed on the day of anthesis and reaches its peak on 5–6th day. Cruden outcrossing index (5), asynchronous anthesis, conspicuous inflorescences, nectaries, presence of rostellum and herkogamy points towards outcrossing nature while pollen ovule ratio (1.27 ± 0.4) and the greater value of self-incompatibility (0.9) reflect that plants are potent cross-breeders. Pollination treatments significantly impacted seed set in <em>D. hatagirea</em> (one-way ANOVA; <em>F</em> = 23.14; p = 0.001) with an average seed set of 92.75 % ± 0.95 for manual xenogamy (p &lt; 0.01), 89.5 % ± 2.38 for geitonogamy (p &lt; 0.01) and 17 % ± 2.2 for bagged inflorescences (p&lt;0.05). Pollination syndrome is exclusively entomophilly. Insignificant difference was reported in the timining for the insect visitation to flowers (calculated value = 3.4; critical value = 5.1; p &lt; 0.01), however different environmental factors created a significant impact on the frequency of insect visitation (calculated value = 9.7; critical value = 4.3; p &lt; 0.01). <em>Apis cerana, Apis mellifera</em> and <em>Bombus asiaticus</em> show highest pollination indices (p &lt; 0.01) and were characterized as dominant pollinators. This study provides a detailed explanation and substantial understanding regarding operative reproductive mechanism of this threatened medicinal plant and can be used by conservation biologists to develop holistic and effective conservation strategies and address the unique challenges that this threatened species face in the wild.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100553"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141133852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Essential oils of lavandin (Lavandula x intermedia Emeric ex Loisel.) of Spain: A case study on clones ´Grosso´ and ´Super´","authors":"Gonzalo Ortiz de Elguea-Culebras ,&nbsp;David Herraiz-Peñalver ,&nbsp;David Prieto-Blanco ,&nbsp;Noemi Cerro-Ibáñez ,&nbsp;Raúl Sánchez-Vioque ,&nbsp;Juliana Navarro-Rocha ,&nbsp;María Ángeles Sanz ,&nbsp;M. Carmen Asensio-S.-Manzanera ,&nbsp;Silvia Pérez-Magariño ,&nbsp;Baudilio Herrero ,&nbsp;Enrique Melero-Bravo","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Lavandin <em>(Lavandula x intermedia</em> Emeric ex Loisel.) is a sterile natural hybrid obtained from the crossing of lavender (<em>L. angustifolia</em> Mill.) and spike lavender (<em>L. latifolia</em> Medik.), and its cultivation has gained great importance in Spain. This work is aimed to study the chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) of lavandin from clones ´Grosso´ and ´Super´ cultivated in Spain. For this purpose, 215 EOs, obtained by steam distillation between 2016 and 2022 in agricultural farms located in 13 provinces of Spain, were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) in three public R&amp;D centers: the Regional Institute for Agrifood and Forestry Research and Development of Castilla-La Mancha (IRIAF), the Agrarian Technological Institute of Castilla y León (ITACyL) and the Agrifood Research and Technology Center of Aragon (CITA). The chemical composition of the EO of lavandin showed great inter- and intra-varietal variability, with the main compounds being linalool, linalyl acetate, camphor and 1,8-cineole. The results showed that the contents of camphor and 1,8-cineole were higher in ´Grosso´ (7.2% <em>vs</em> 5.0% and 5.7% <em>vs</em> 3.8%, respectively), while those of linalool and linalyl acetate were higher in ´Super´ (35.8% <em>vs</em> 34.2% and 33.7% <em>vs</em> 27.2%). Among minor compounds, the lavandin 'Super' exhibited a higher content of β-Z-ocimene and β-E-ocimene, and a lower content of terpinen-4-ol compared to 'Grosso´. Additionally, eleven compounds of lavandin 'Grosso' were compared within the ranges established by ISO 8902:2009 standard, revealing that only 18% of the samples complied with it for all of these compounds. In this sense, the contents of α-terpineol, linalool and lavandulyl acetate were above the upper limit of the standard in respectively 49%, 23% and 21% of the samples. On the contrary, 36% of the samples for β-Z-ocimene and 32% for linalyl acetate were below the range of this regulation. Unfortunately, these discrepancies with the ISO regulation exclude numerous EOs from the market despite their value in different sectors like perfumery, cosmetics, aromatherapy, phytosanitary or pharmacy. This work could serve as a guidance and/or reference study of Spanish essential oil of ´Grosso´ and ´Super´ clones for stakeholders involved in the lavandin EO market.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100550"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141027268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive power of YREMs and BLUPs for selecting superior genotypes in perennial crops: A black pepper case study","authors":"Mundagodu S. Shivakumar ,&nbsp;Nagenahalli C. Sunitha ,&nbsp;Hosahalli J. Akshitha ,&nbsp;Koryampalli V. Saji ,&nbsp;Sasikumar B. Pillai","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Black pepper (<em>Piper nigrum</em> L.), a highly sought-after spice crop with medicinal properties, requires careful evaluation and selection due to its perennial nature and associated resource requirements. Being a perennial, yield trials across years are feasible and practical in this crop rather than that across locations. However, parameters to assess the yield trial data and/or derive criteria to select superior cultivars with stable performance are lacking in black pepper. In this study, we examined the genotype-by-year interaction (GYI) pattern and its impact on black pepper yield, as well as the selection parameters for identifying stable and high-yielding cultivars. Average Yield Relative Environment Maximum (YREM) and Best Linear Unbiased Predictor (BLUP) emerged as the most effective measures for evaluating cultivar performance, as they accounted for relative yield and stability. Among the evaluated cultivars, OPKM displayed better stability estimates. However, considering high mean yield along with all the stability estimates, the HP 2173 ranked first. Notably, even with single-location multi-year trial data, the single-year YREM and BLUP values showed significant predictive power for future performance which is most preferred in perennial crops. Additionally, the use of multi-year average performance (YREM and BLUP) as quantitative criteria for selecting or rejecting genotypes in future breeding programs proved to be effective.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100555"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141140053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salinity effects on germination of Portulaca oleracea L.: A multipurpose halophyte from arid rangelands","authors":"Lahouaria Mounia Mansouri ,&nbsp;Abdenour Kheloufi","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100549","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100549","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Salt resistance studies have, unfortunately, mainly been focused on conventional crops, with very few studies being conducted on the potential of available halophytes as new crops in the future. <em>Portulaca oleracea</em> L. has been listed as one of the most used medicinal plants by the World Health Organization as an edible halophyte. It is a fast-growing herbaceous annual with high nutritional relevance. The present work was designed to determine the effect of six soluble salts (NaCl, Na₂SO₄, KCl, CaCl₂, CaCO₃, and MgCl₂) on germination of <em>P. oleracea</em> seeds. The effect of salinity was tested on final germination percentage (FGP%), and germination tolerance index (GTI%) using five concentrations (0, 200, 300, 400, and 600 mM) of each salt. In addition, laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the effects of salinity on germination recovery from high saline conditions (600 mM). Salinity level and salt composition significantly influenced germination attributes. <em>P. oleracea</em> seeds were non-dormant, exhibited approximately 100% germination in distilled water. Both FGP and GTI gradually decreased with increasing salinity. This study showed that seeds of P. oleracea can germinate under 300 mM in all tested salts. The salts causing germination inhibition exhibited specificity, with an increasing trend observed in the following sequence: MgCl₂ &gt; Na₂SO₄ &gt; NaCl &gt; KCl &gt; CaCl₂ &gt; CaCO₃. Transferring ungerminated seeds from 600 mM to distilled water recovered their germination ability. Based on these results, we can conclude that <em>P. oleracea</em> is a high salt-tolerant species that can tolerate a variety of salts found in soil. Therefore, <em>P. oleracea</em> may be considered a promising species for improving ecological balance in saline soils.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100549"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141023987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic analysis reveals candidate genes for phenolic acid biosynthesis in Polygonum chinense L.","authors":"Xinxin Zhong ,&nbsp;Tingyu Shan ,&nbsp;Jingjing Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinshibo Fan ,&nbsp;Zhiwei Wang ,&nbsp;Yijia Tao ,&nbsp;Jiawen Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100552","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100552","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Polygonum chinense</em> L. (synonym: <em>Persicaria chinensis</em>) was considered a medicinal food homology plant, which was often used in herbal tea. This plant is rich in phenolic acid compounds that possess antibacterial, antioxidant, and other pharmacological properties. Although phenolic acids of <em>P. chinense</em> have been investigated pharmacologically, the genetic basis of phenolic acid biosynthesis in this plant is unknown due to the lack of a reference genome. In this study, we employed a combination of transcriptomics and bioinformatic analysis to construct a transcriptome database for three tissues (flowers, leaves, and stems) of <em>P. chinense</em>, and extracted genes related to the biosynthesis of phenolic acids. In total, 90,635 unigenes with a mean length of 1224 bp were obtained, 70,915 of which were functionally annotated. Seventy-eight differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the phenolic acid biosynthetic pathway were identified, with five DEGs (CL4812–1, CL7291–1, CL5600–1, CL6332–3, and Unigene12384) being singled out as candidate genes putatively involved in the regulation of phenolic acid biosynthesis through correlation analysis. A comprehensive sequence analysis of these candidate genes was subsequently performed. The phylogenetic tree and the structural model were constructed, and molecular docking studies were conducted for the 4-coumarate-CoA ligase. Additionally, the expression levels of 12 unigenes encoding key enzymes involved in phenolic acid biosynthesis were validated using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Our study provides candidate genes at the transcriptional level for further investigation of the molecular regulatory mechanisms involved in phenolic acid biosynthesis, as well as a scientific basis for the development of <em>P. chinense</em> as a food-medicine dual-purpose plant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100552"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141137988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ferula assa-foetida L., an important Central and South Asian traditional spice and medicinal herb: A comprehensive review","authors":"Ravi Kumar ,&nbsp;Niketa Yadav ,&nbsp;Amit Rana ,&nbsp;Ramesh Chauhan ,&nbsp;Satbeer Singh ,&nbsp;Dinesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Sanatsujat Singh ,&nbsp;Ashok Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Ferula assa-foetida</em> L. is a high-value spice and medicinal herb. It is used as a common condiment in Indian cuisines and essential part of traditional medicine in <em>Ayurveda</em> and <em>Unani</em> system from pre-historic times. It has been used in the drug industry due to its distinctive phytochemistry and pharmacological activity. Besides, this plant has a high potential to diversify sources of farmers’ income and improve their livelihood, especially living in the Himalayan periphery. However, cultivation of this herb is hindered by several challenges such as low germination and plant survival, extended dormancy phase, specific agro-climatic conditions and poor oleo-gum resin extraction methods. Moreover, there are limited studies focused on its reproductive biology and breeding technology, which are the basis of any genetic improvement and variety development programme. Hence, there is an emerging need to develop modern agro-technology and promising high yielding genotypes to promote its large-scale cultivation. This comprehensive review summarizes valuable insights into the historical account, ethnobotany, geographical distribution, agrotechnology, molecular characterization, pharmaceutical uses and world trade in asafoetida.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100548"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141029918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing the power of artificial neural networks methodology and multi-objective optimization for enhanced yield and bioactivity of plants polyphenolic compounds","authors":"Yousra Touami ,&nbsp;Rafik Marir","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The extraction of polyphenolic compounds from plants is crucial in the industrial production of functional nutraceuticals, but traditional methods often yield low and variable results. In this research, an innovative strategy for optimizing polyphenol extraction from two plants <em>Cistus creticus L.</em> and <em>Ephedra alata</em> subsp. <em>alenda</em> (Stapf) Trab., known for their rich composition in polyphenols and their bioactivities, using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction in conjunction with artificial neural networks (ANNs) and multi-objective optimization is presented. ANNs were trained to model the intricate relationships among UAE parameters, including solvent concentration, temperature, and time, and the outcomes, encompassing polyphenol yield and bioactivity. Multi-objective optimization techniques were subsequently applied to identify extraction conditions that maximize both yield and bioactivity simultaneously. Results validate the accuracy of the ANNs model in predicting polyphenol yields and the significant enhancement in extraction efficiency and bioactivity achieved through multi-objective optimization. The extracts prepared in the optimal conditions have demonstrated superior antioxidant activities, compared to the non-optimized extracts, with the smallest values of IC₅₀ of 242,378 µg/mL, and 146,736 µg/mL for the plants <em>Ephedra alata</em> subsp <em>alenda</em> (Stapf) Trab. and <em>Cistus creticus</em> L. respectively. This study introduces a promising approach for elevating the extraction of plant-derived polyphenols, augmenting their bioactivity with ANNs and multi-objective optimization. In light of the obtained results, it is recommended that further research explore the scalability and applicability of the presented innovative strategy in larger-scale industrial settings. Considering the demonstrated success in optimizing polyphenol extraction from <em>Cistus creticus</em> L. and <em>Ephedra alata</em> subsp. <em>alenda</em> (Stapf) Trab., extending the application of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, coupled with artificial neural networks (ANNs) and multi-objective optimization, to other plant species could offer valuable insights. Additionally, investigating the economic feasibility and environmental impact of implementing this strategy on an industrial scale would contribute to its practical viability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100551"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141046751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production, marketing and consumption of herbal drugs in Estonia","authors":"Janne Sepp ,&nbsp;Olga Shepeleva ,&nbsp;Anneli Kask ,&nbsp;Gerda Nelis ,&nbsp;Anna-Paulina Huttunen ,&nbsp;Karin Kogermann ,&nbsp;Jyrki Heinämäki ,&nbsp;Oleh Koshovyi ,&nbsp;Ain Raal","doi":"10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmap.2024.100544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of the present study was to map and gain knowledge on the current status of the production, marketing and consumption of herbal drugs in Estonia. To accomplish this goal, we collected data from herbal farms, wholesalers, health stores and consumers. Our study revealed that the Estonian farms produce annually about 14,000 kg of herbal drugs, which are mainly marketed <em>via</em> community pharmacies. The most widely used herbs for medicinal purposes were <em>Chamomillae flos</em>, <em>Lini semen</em>, <em>Rosae fructus, Carum carvi semen</em>, and <em>Cetraria islandica</em>. According to the wholesale data total 650,000 packages (20,000 kg) of herbal drugs were purchased annually from community pharmacies. 80 % of the herbal drugs were of Estonian origin and 20 % imported. The sales ratio between herbal blends and single herbal drugs was 1:3. Our calculations show that one Estonian inhabitant uses an average of 10 g of herbal drugs, purchased from community pharmacy, every year. Our study also revealed that herbal blends were primarily used for general well-being and mood (27 %), for the treatment of common cold (17 %), for energy and organism stimulation (12 %), for calming, stress and sleep (11 %), and for mild gastrointestinal disorders (7 %). The most popular herbal drugs supplied by grocery and health stores were <em>Chamomillae flos, Menthae folium, Tiliae flos, Foeniculi fructus</em> and <em>Calendulae flos.</em> Perhaps surprisingly, total 1.1 million packages of herbal drugs were purchased annually from community pharmacies (representing 57 % of all packages) and from grocery and health stores (43 %). This means that one Estonian inhabitant uses an average of 20 cups of herbal tea altogether every year. Our survey about the consumption habits of herbal drugs showed that total 88 % of the respondents used herbal drugs occasionally, and approximately 31 % of them even on the weekly basis for common cold, gastrointestinal disorders and various mild inflammations. In conclusion, traditional herbal drugs have still an important role in the self-medication of common diseases in Estonia, thus supporting the contemporary pharmaceutical care.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15136,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article 100544"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140641019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}