Journal of Applied Oral Science最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the early effects of peptide-containing agents in sensitivity treatment regarding their structural, morphological, and elemental changes in dentin tissue and their penetration efficacy.","authors":"Tugba Ozdemir, Selcuk Savas, Ebru Kucukyilmaz Izgi","doi":"10.1590/1678-7765-2026-0127","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1678-7765-2026-0127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Correspondence: </strong>Ebru Kucukyılmaz Izgı - Izmir Katip Celebi University - Faculty of Dentistry - Department of Pediatric Dentistry - Cigli - Izmir - Turkey - E-mail: ebrukucukyilmaz@hotmail.com - Tel: +902323524040.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of various therapeutic agents on dentin tissue in the management of dentin hypersensitivity.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Overall, 30 caries-free human third molars were sectioned into dentin specimens (n=120) and randomly assigned to control or treatment groups (Curodont™ D'Senz, PRG Barrier Coat, and Curodont™ Repair). After 24 h of artificial saliva storage, dentin microhardness, surface morphology, open dentin tubule count, elemental composition, and penetration depth were evaluated using Vickers microhardness testing, SEM/EDS, and CLSM. Statistical analyses were conducted with a 0.05 significance level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The microhardness measurements showed a statistically significant increase in all groups in comparison with the control group (p<0.05), with no significant differences between the treated groups (p>0.05). EDS analysis showed statistically significant differences between the groups, with the highest calcium and phosphorus levels observed in the PRG Barrier Coat group (p<0.05). SEM analysis showed that the PRG Barrier Coat treatment resulted in the most extensive tubule occlusion and the smallest open tubule diameters (p<0.05). Curodont™ D'Senz and PRG Barrier Coat showed the most significant tubule penetration depths and the highest laser fluorescence values, as per CLSM analyses (p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings suggested that the tested materials may occlude dentinal tubules and penetrate dentin to varying extents, with PRG Barrier Coat showing the most pronounced effect. Self-assembling peptide-based agents show limited short-term efficacy but offer potential for biomimetic remineralization.</p>","PeriodicalId":15133,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Oral Science","volume":"34 ","pages":"e20260127"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13290203/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148549104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of physical activity on growth factor concentrations in platelet-rich fibrin: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Elif Yucel, Meltem Karsiyaka Hendek, Hakan Yapici, Mehmet Gulu, Osman Caglayan, Ebru Olgun","doi":"10.1590/1678-7765-2026-0128","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1678-7765-2026-0128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated the impact of physical activity levels on growth factor concentrations within leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF).</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>In total, 120 participants were categorized into sedentary (n=60) and physically active (n=60) groups via the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Venous blood was collected to analyze platelet count, mean platelet volume, white blood cell count, red blood cell count, plateletcrit, platelet distribution width, and platelet-large cell ratio, and to prepare the L-PRF. Concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) were determined using ELISA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Metabolic equivalent of task (MET) values were significantly higher in the active group (p<0.001). Conversely, VEGF, TGF-β, and PDGF levels were significantly higher in the sedentary group (p<0.001). Hemoglobin and hematocrit values were also significantly higher in active individuals (p=0.025 and p=0.040, respectively). A significant moderate negative correlation was found between MET values and concentrations of VEGF, TGF-β, and PDGF (r=-0.33, r=-0.33, and r=-0.31, respectively; p<0.01). Multivariable linear regression analyses, adjusted for sex, periodontal parameters, and hematological variables, confirmed that Total MET constituted an independent negative predictor of all growth factors (all p<0.001), whereas periodontal indices showed no significant independent associations. Sex-stratified analyses and interaction models showed that the association between physical activity and growth factor levels was significantly sex dependent (MET × sex interaction: all p<0.05), with stronger effects in women.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Physical activity seems to be associated with variations in growth factor levels in L-PRF, suggesting that individual physiological status may influence the biological composition of autologous platelet concentrates.</p>","PeriodicalId":15133,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Oral Science","volume":"34 ","pages":"e20260128"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13290204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148548807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lactobacillus sp. attenuates oral and hepatic alterations and decreases caspase-8 expression in ligature-induced periodontitis.","authors":"Victor Lucas Ribeiro Lopes, Even Herlany Pereira Alves, Alan Leandro Farias de Carvalho, Vinícius da Silva Caetano, Hélio Mateus Silva Nascimento, Maria Vitoria Pereira de Sousa, Paulo Roberto Carneiro Gomes, Any Carolina Cardoso Guimarães Vasconcelos, André Luiz Dos Reis Barbosa, Daniel Fernando Pereira Vasconcelos","doi":"10.1590/1678-7765-2026-0143","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1678-7765-2026-0143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Periodontitis affects millions of people and is characterized by the accumulation of bacteria in the gingival sulcus with an immune-inflammatory response of the body causing effects. There is a notable relation between periodontitis and steatosis, in which caspase-8 may be a relevant player in the pathophysiology of these conditions. This study is the first to investigate the effect of treatment based on Lactobacillus sp. on steatosis and caspase-8 expression in a ligature-induced periodontitis model. This study aims to investigate whether treatment with Lactobacillus sp. reduces oral and hepatic changes caused by ligature-induced periodontitis.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Twenty-four Wistar rats were separated into groups: control, periodontitis, and periodontitis plus Lactobacillus sp. Administration of 1 mL of fermented milk containing 108 CFU/mL of Lactobacillus sp. by gavage was performed daily for 20 days of ligature-induced periodontitis. After the treatment, we evaluated the gingival bleeding index (GBI), tooth mobility, probing pocket depth (PPD), alveolar bone loss, histomorphometry, and histopathological aspects of liver, as well as the levels of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). We also evaluated caspase-8-positive cells and blood biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lactobacillus sp. reduced inflammatory clinical parameters, including GBI, PPD, and tooth mobility, as well as neutrophil infiltration in gingival tissue. Morphometric analysis showed significantly less alveolar bone loss. Analysis of hepatic tissue showed reduced neutrophilic infiltration and improved antioxidant activity. Treatment also decreased caspase-8 expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lactobacillus sp. significantly reduced the clinical parameters of periodontal lesion and steatosis score, improved hepatic oxidative status, and decreased caspase-8 expression in the liver tissue.</p>","PeriodicalId":15133,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Oral Science","volume":"34 ","pages":"e20260143"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13290198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148549166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hormone therapy and psychosocial factors in menopausal women with painful TMD: a pilot cross-sectional study.","authors":"Lays Nóbrega Gomes Farias, Raimundo Euzébio da Costa Neto, Mayara Abreu Pinheiro, Yuri Wanderley Cavalcanti","doi":"10.1590/1678-7765-2025-0586","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1678-7765-2025-0586","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) is a musculoskeletal condition prevalent in women, especially during menopause. This phase of life is marked by decreased estrogen levels, which can exacerbate pain and psychosocial symptoms.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the association between menopause with and without hormone replacement therapy, grade of chronic pain, jaw functional limitations, and symptoms of anxiety and depression in women with painful TMD.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted with 45 women diagnosed with painful TMD, divided into three groups: women with regular menstrual cycles (RMC, n=15), women in menopause without hormone replacement therapy (M, n=14), and women in menopause with hormone replacement therapy (MWH, n=16). The evaluation was conducted using the following instruments: the Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS-2), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), the Jaw Functional Limitation Scale (JFLS-8), and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (B-PCS). The data were analyzed descriptively using Jamovi software (version 2.3.21). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed, followed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANOVA). Tukey's post-hoc test was used to identify differences between groups. The significance level adopted for all analyses was 5%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of participants was 50.0 years (±13.7). The overlap between muscle and joint disorders was most prevalent among the groups. The interference score was significantly lower in the MWH group (p=0.003), as was also the case with depressive symptoms (p<0.001) and anxious symptoms (p=0.012).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings highlight the association between menopause, especially with hormone replacement therapy, and emotional and psychosocial aspects related to pain, with lower scores for interference with daily activities, depression, anxiety, and fewer catastrophic thoughts about pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":15133,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Oral Science","volume":"34 ","pages":"e20250586"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13313167/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148404859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular alterations in MAPK/ERK, β-Catenin/Wnt, and PI3K/mTOR pathways in adenomatoid odontogenic tumor.","authors":"Jintana Pankam, Puangwan Lapthanasupkul, Nakarin Kitkumthorn, Siribang-On Piboonniyom Khovidhunkit","doi":"10.1590/1678-7765-2026-0073","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1678-7765-2026-0073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous studies have suggested that tumorigenesis of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) may involve the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway. However, research on other oncogenic signaling pathways in AOT remains limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate gene mutations (Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1), and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA)) and their associated protein expressions (phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (p-ERK1/2), β-catenin, and phosphorylated mechanistic target of rapamycin (p-mTOR)) in AOT cases. The association between gene mutations and protein expression was also examined.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>In total, eight formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded AOT tissue samples were manually micro-dissected for DNA extraction. Polymerase chain reaction was performed. Positive samples underwent DNA sequencing. Mutations were analyzed in KRAS exon 2 (codons 12 and 13), CTNNB1 exon 3 (codons 32-45), and PIK3CA exon 9 (codons 542-549). Protein expression was assessed using immunohistochemistry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>KRAS mutations (specifically G12R and G12V) were detected in three of the eight cases (37.5%). CTNNB1 mutation (T42I) was identified in one of six cases (16.7%), whereas no PIK3CA mutation was observed. Moreover, moderate expression of p-ERK1/2 and p-mTOR were found in tumor cells of AOT. β-catenin accumulation was detected in seven cases (87.5%), predominantly showing membranous and cytoplasmic localization with no nuclear β-catenin expression. Statistical analysis indicated no association between gene mutations and protein expression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>KRAS mutations and p-ERK1/2 expression support a potential role of MAPK/ERK signaling in AOT pathogenesis. The absence of PIK3CA mutations despite p-mTOR expression may in part suggest mutation-independent activation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway. The lack of nuclear β-catenin accumulation may suggest that canonical Wnt signaling is less likely to significantly contribute to AOT tumorigenesis. Further studies with larger cohorts and investigations of additional molecules related to these pathways are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":15133,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Oral Science","volume":"34 ","pages":"e20260073"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13290206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148308170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-series trends and regional disparities in complete denture production in Brazil (2000-2023): an epidemiological analysis.","authors":"Maria Eduarda Broering da Silva, Henrique Souza Dos Santos, Juliana Silva Ribeiro de Andrade, Paulo Roberto Barbato, Maurício Malheiros Badaró","doi":"10.1590/1678-7765-2025-0779","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1678-7765-2025-0779","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Tooth loss remains a public health problem in Brazil, reflecting social inequality, population aging, and limited access to oral rehabilitation. For many individuals, complete dentures (CD) are the only option available free of charge through the Brazilian Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde, SUS). However, nationwide assessments of service delivery and regional equity in prosthetic rehabilitation are limited.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To quantify national trends and regional disparities in CD production within the SUS and examine how prosthetic output relates to demographic, socioeconomic, and infrastructure indicators using the most recent data available.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methodology: &lt;/strong&gt;This ecological-analytical time-series study used open data from the SUS Outpatient Information System (SIA/SUS). The analysis included maxillary and mandibular CD procedures recorded between 2000 and 2022, representing the most recent consolidated period for temporal modeling, and a state-level snapshot for 2023 to describe the latest correlational scenario. Production rates were standardized per 100,000 inhabitants. Temporal trends were analyzed using segmented linear regression to estimate the average annual percent change (AAPC), which summarizes overall long-term changes in complete denture production, and to identify inflection points. Correlations between CD production and demographic or socioeconomic indicators were tested using Spearman's rho (α = 0.05).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Between 2000 and 2022, a total of 5,239,089 complete dentures were delivered through the Brazilian Unified Health System. CD production increased significantly nationwide from 2000 to 2022 (AAPC = 9.7%; 95% CI: 4.8-14.9), a relatively high annual growth rate for public health service expansion, with the steepest rise between 2006 and 2014 (AAPC = 29.2%; 95% CI: 18.6-40.7). Regional trends varied across the country, with the highest growth observed in the Northeast (AAPC = 16.4%; 95% CI: 11.7-21.3), followed by the North (AAPC = 14.3%; 95% CI: 10.9-17.7), Central-West (AAPC = 13.4%; 95% CI: 4.9-22.5), and South (AAPC = 12.8%; 95% CI: 9.0-16.7), whereas the Southeast showed the smallest expansion (AAPC = 8.0%; 95% CI: -1.7-18.8). In 2023, the SUS network included 2,903 prosthetic laboratories, highlighting the organizational infrastructure supporting prosthetic rehabilitation services. In 2023, São Paulo (Southeast region) produced 111,396 dentures, and Piauí (Northeast region) recorded the highest production rate (833.36 per 100,000 inhabitants). Strong correlations were observed between CD production and population size (ρ = 0.742, p &lt; 0.001) and number of municipalities (ρ = 0.938, p &lt; 0.001).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Over the past two decades, complete denture production within the SUS expanded substantially, reflecting the consolidation of Brazil's public oral health policies. However, persistent regiona","PeriodicalId":15133,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Oral Science","volume":"34 ","pages":"e20250779"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13290205/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148308132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of p53, Ki-67, sox-2, oct-4, and NANOG in the tongue and trachea of Swiss mice exposed to narghile smoke.","authors":"Sarah Freygang Mendes Pilati, Filipe Ivan Daniel, Paulo Vinicius Fontanella Pilati, Mariana Hornung Marins, Aline Cristina Batista Rodrigues, Filipe Modolo","doi":"10.1590/1678-7765-2025-0839","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1678-7765-2025-0839","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Narghile (waterpipe) tobacco use has increased worldwide, partly due to limited awareness of its harmful effects. Despite the widespread misconception that the water filters toxic substances, the chemical composition of narghile smoke is comparable to that of cigarette smoke. However, its effects on airway tissues remain poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the histological and immunohistochemical profiles of the tongue and trachea in Swiss mice exposed to narghile smoke.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Sixty animals were divided into six groups: a control group (0 days) and experimental groups exposed daily to narghile smoke for seven, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days. After euthanasia, tongue and tracheal tissues were collected for histological (hematoxylin and eosin staining) and immunohistochemical analyses of NANOG, OCT-4, SOX-2 (neoplastic stem cell markers), Ki-67, and p53 in epithelial cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Histological evaluation revealed cytological and architectural alterations in the tongue, suggestive of early dysplastic changes. In the trachea, early metaplastic modifications were observed, including cilia loss, epithelial hyperplasia, and mild keratinization. These changes increased with longer exposure duration. Immunohistochemical analysis showed greater expression of NANOG, OCT-4, SOX-2, and p53, peaking at 30 days, whereas Ki-67 expression peaked at 90 days. Elevated p53 levels suggest alterations in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Narghile smoke induced histological and molecular changes in the tongue and tracheal epithelium of mice, indicating a potential carcinogenic effect. Further in vitro, in vivo, and clinical investigations are warranted to validate these biomarkers and better elucidate the biological effects of narghile smoke exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":15133,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Oral Science","volume":"34 ","pages":"e20250839"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13313165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148042195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of TLR4, hBD-2, and hBD-3 expression and hepatic tissue response by systemic probiotics in experimental apical periodontitis in rats.","authors":"Leopoldo Cosme-Silva, Renan Dal-Fabbro, Gabrielle Cabral Melville de Souza Tenorio, José Alex da Silva, Edilson Ervolino, Letícia Cabrera Capalbo, João Eduardo Gomes-Filho","doi":"10.1590/1678-7765-2025-0859","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1678-7765-2025-0859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate whether systemic supplementation with L. rhamnosus LR-04 and L. acidophilus LA-14 modulates the expression of TLR4, hBD-2, and hBD-3 in a rat model of experimental apical periodontitis (AP), and to assess potential histopathological alterations in the liver.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into three groups (n=8): control (AP + water), AP + L. rhamnosus LR-04, and AP + L. acidophilus LA-14. AP was induced by exposing the pulp chambers of the first mandibular molars for 30 days. From the day of induction, probiotics (109 CFU/day via oral gavage) or water (control) were administered daily. After 30 days, the rats were euthanized. Mandibles were processed for immunohistochemical analysis of hBD-2, hBD-3, and TLR4 expression, which was assessed semi-quantitatively. Liver samples were collected, fixed, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin for histopathological evaluation of lobular inflammation, necrosis, portal inflammation, and fibrosis. Data were analyzed using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test at a 5% significance level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No hepatic histopathological alterations were observed in any group. Probiotic supplementation resulted in significantly greater hBD-2 immunoreactivity in periapical tissues compared to the control group (P<0.05). hBD-3 expression was significantly higher in the L. acidophilus LA-14 group than in both the control and L. rhamnosus LR-04 groups (P<0.05). TLR4 expression in periapical lesions was increased in both probiotic groups relative to control (P<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Systemic supplementation with L. rhamnosus LR-04 and L. acidophilus LA-14 enhanced the local immune response in apical periodontitis, as evidenced by upregulation of TLR4, hBD-2, and hBD-3, without inducing detectable hepatic histopathological alterations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15133,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Oral Science","volume":"34 ","pages":"e20250859"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13290212/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148042187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic toxicity assessment of tissue conditioners modified with nystatin and chlorhexidine in a rat model of denture stomatitis.","authors":"Gustavo Simão Moraes, Thaís Albach, Carolina Yoshi Campos Sugio, Victoria Schlumberger Cachoeira, Falyne Kiratcz, Eduardo Bauml Campagnoli, Fabio André Dos Santos, Karin Hermana Neppelenbroek, Vanessa Migliorini Urban","doi":"10.1590/1678-7765-2025-0811","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1678-7765-2025-0811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated the potential systemic toxicity of a tissue conditioner modified with antifungals in a rat model of denture stomatitis.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Male Wistar rats (N=59) were randomly assigned to the following groups: NC (negative control), SD (sterile device), DS (denture stomatitis), Soft (Softone), Nys (nystatin), Nys:βCD (nystatin:β-cyclodextrin), Chx (chlorhexidine), and Chx:βCD (chlorhexidine:β-cyclodextrin). Animals of all groups, except for NC and SD, wore a palatal device contaminated with Candida albicans for the induction of denture stomatitis. Rats from the Soft group had their devices relined with a tissue conditioner (Softone) with no drugs added, while devices from groups Nys, Nys:βCD, Chx, and Chx:βCD were relined with antifungals at their minimum inhibitory concentrations against C. albicans SC5314 (32 mg, 36 mg, 64 mg, and 46 mg for each gram of tissue conditioner, respectively). Four days after treatment, the animals had their blood collected for biochemical analyses and had their livers, lungs, stomachs, and kidneys removed for histopathological and enzymatic analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant renal, gastric, or pulmonary changes were detected. Some rats from groups Nys, Nys:βCD, Chx, and Chx:βCD presented vacuolation of hepatocytes, although this is not necessarily a sign of hepatic damage. However, the livers of the Chx group presented higher myeloperoxidase activity when compared to the NC, SD, and DS groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that incorporating Nys, Nys:βCD, and Chx:βCD into this tissue conditioner may represent a safe option for denture stomatitis treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":15133,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Oral Science","volume":"34 ","pages":"e20250811"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13290202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148042168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salivary cotinine and S100A8/A9 levels in children exposed to environmental tobacco smoke: a case-control study.","authors":"Arzu Kockanat, Sukran Acipinar","doi":"10.1590/1678-7765-2025-0840","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1678-7765-2025-0840","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate salivary cotinine and S100A8/A9 levels in children exposed to ETS and to examine the relationship between exposure intensity and inflammatory biomarker expression.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This observational case-control study included 150 systemically healthy children aged 6-12 years. ETS exposure was determined using parent-reported questionnaires. Clinical parameters, including plaque index, gingival index, and probing pocket depth, were recorded. Unstimulated saliva samples were analyzed for cotinine, S100A8, and S100A9 using ELISA kits. Group comparisons were conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test, and correlations were assessed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>ETS-exposed and non-exposed groups did not differ significantly in age, sex, socioeconomic status, oral hygiene habits, or clinical periodontal parameters (p>0.05). However, salivary cotinine, S100A8, and S100A9 levels were significantly higher in ETS-exposed children (p<0.05). Cotinine demonstrated a moderate positive correlation with S100A8, while its correlation with S100A9 was weak and non-significant. Exposure intensity was positively associated with cotinine and S100A8 levels, but not with S100A9.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ETS exposure in children is associated with early biochemical signs of inflammation, even in the absence of clinically detectable periodontal changes. Elevated salivary cotinine and S100A8 levels highlight the potential utility of salivary biomarkers for identifying subclinical effects of passive smoking. These findings underscore the importance of interventions aimed at reducing children's exposure to ETS to protect long-term oral health. Clinical trial registration: NCT06791707.</p>","PeriodicalId":15133,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Oral Science","volume":"34 ","pages":"e20250840"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13290201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147972770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}