Journal of Applied Oral Science最新文献

{"title":"Association of periodontitis stages with glycemic control in adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Maria Eduarda Oliveira Rodrigues, Josy Lorena Peres da Silva Vilarinho, João Gabriel Jucá Chermont, Cristine Miron Stefani, Valéria Martins de Araújo Carneiro, Maria do Carmo Machado Guimarães, Bruna Frizon Greggianin","doi":"10.1590/1678-7765-2026-0178","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1678-7765-2026-0178","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate associations among periodontal parameters, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and metabolic parameters in adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>A cross-sectional study included 74 adults diagnosed with periodontitis according to the current periodontal classification of 2018. Participants underwent a full-mouth periodontal examination, laboratory assessment, and Body Mass Index (BMI). Periodontitis was categorized into Stages I/II and Stages III/IV. HbA1c, lipid profile, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were assessed. Periodontal inflammatory burden was quantified using the Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area (PISA). Non-parametric tests and Spearman correlation analyses were performed, stratified by diabetes status (α=5%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Individuals with advanced periodontitis (Stages III/IV) had significantly higher HbA1c levels (6.8% vs. 5.8%; p=0.007), higher triglyceride concentrations (142.0 vs. 100.5 mg/dL; p=0.016), and lower HDL-cholesterol levels (46.0 vs. 52.0 mg/dL; p=0.012) than those in Stages I/II. Poor glycemic control (HbA1c >8.5%) and T2D duration ≥10 years were significantly associated with advanced stages (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed for BMI, LDL, total cholesterol (TC), CRP, or HOMA-IR between groups. In adults with T2D, PISA correlated positively with TC and LDL-cholesterol, whereas in non-diabetic individuals, PISA was associated primarily with triglycerides.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Advanced periodontitis was associated with poorer glycemic control and a more atherogenic lipid profile, particularly characterized by elevated triglycerides and reduced HDL-cholesterol. The findings support periodontitis as a potential marker of systemic metabolic dysregulation and reinforce the importance of integrating periodontal care into cardiometabolic risk management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15133,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Oral Science","volume":"34 ","pages":"e20260178"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148727733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and factors associated with pulp stones: a systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression.","authors":"Yasmin Alves Sanches, Theodoro Weissheimer, Alex Nogueira Haas, Ricardo Abreu da Rosa, Gabriel Barcelos Só, Marcus Vinicius Reis Só","doi":"10.1590/1678-7765-2026-0252","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1678-7765-2026-0252","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pulp stones are radiopaque calcified masses located within the coronal or radicular pulp tissue. They are typically asymptomatic and detected incidentally on radiographic examination. Global prevalence estimates vary widely, and methodological inconsistencies across studies hinder a comprehensive understanding of their epidemiology. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to answer the following question: \"What is the global prevalence of pulp stones, and what factors are associated with their occurrence?\" Aim: To systematically review and synthesize the evidence on the global prevalence of pulp stones and to identify factors associated with their occurrence.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Six electronic databases were searched up to March 2024. Data extraction included participant demographics, diagnostic methods, tooth type, and the presence of systemic diseases. Risk of bias was assessed using the JBI checklist, and prevalence was pooled using random-effects meta-analyses at individual and tooth levels. Meta-regression was performed to explore potential sources of heterogeneity, and the certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-four studies comprising 10,738 individuals and 94,416 teeth met the inclusion criteria. Pulp stones were present in 46% of individuals and 20% of teeth, with substantial heterogeneity across studies. Meta-regression identified systemic conditions and tooth type as significant contributors to prevalence variability. Individuals with both cardiovascular and renal diseases exhibited a higher prevalence (β=0.31, p=0.04), whereas those with cardiovascular diseases alone showed a lower prevalence (β=-0.33, p=0.04) than healthy participants (R2= 26.0). Risk of bias was moderate in most studies, and the overall certainty of evidence was very low.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pulp stones are highly prevalent, and their occurrence may be influenced by systemic conditions and tooth-related factors. However, these findings are based on very-low-certainty evidence and are limited by heterogeneity and methodological inconsistencies across the included studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15133,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Oral Science","volume":"34 ","pages":"e20260252"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148684551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between serum vitamin D3 levels and gingival crevicular fluid osteocalcin and N-terminal telopeptide levels in periodontal health and disease.","authors":"Burcin Cevik, Atanur Sarioglu, Tugrul Kirtiloglu, Bahattin Avci, Leman Tomak","doi":"10.1590/1678-7765-2026-0009","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1678-7765-2026-0009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the association between serum vitamin D3 levels and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) osteocalcin and N-terminal telopeptide (NTx) levels in periodontally healthy patients and those living with periodontitis.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This study included 120 non-smoking males aged from 25 to 40 years (60 healthy patients and 60 with periodontitis). Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups according to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25[OH]D3) levels: 0-10, 11-20, and 21-30 ng/mL. GCF samples were collected from the buccal sites of maxillary premolar or molar teeth. GCF osteocalcin and NTx levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and statistically analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total osteocalcin levels were significantly higher in healthy individuals than in those with periodontitis (p<0.001). The lowest osteocalcin levels were found in patients with periodontitis with 0-10 ng/mL vitamin D3 (p=0.001). Total NTx levels showed no significant differences between groups (p=0.148), but among healthy individuals, NTx decreased with increasing vitamin D3 (p=0.049).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with periodontitis and severe vitamin D3 deficiency showed the lowest GCF osteocalcin levels, suggesting that vitamin D3 deficiency may be associated with further alterations in local bone turnover activity in periodontal disease. Further studies are needed to explain these relationships.ClinicalTrials.gov (Trial ID: NCT06871631).</p>","PeriodicalId":15133,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Oral Science","volume":"34 ","pages":"e20260009"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13671196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148684635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curcumin-loaded chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel with sustained release for periodontal applications: an in vitro evaluation.","authors":"Reema M Rao, Monali Nikalje, Shiprita Kumari, Rahul Tiwari, Kailash Chandra Dash, Saurabh Shekhar, Manish Sharma","doi":"10.1590/1678-7765-2026-0308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7765-2026-0308","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Thermosensitive hydrogels have emerged as promising localized drug delivery systems for periodontal therapy. Curcumin possesses anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties but is limited by its poor solubility and bioavailability. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a curcumin-loaded chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel for periodontal application.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This in vitro experimental study included five groups as positive controls, negative control, blank chitosan hydrogel, free curcumin, curcumin-loaded hydrogel, and chlorhexidine (0.12%). The hydrogel was formulated using chitosan and β-glycerophosphate and was characterized for thermosensitive gelation and injectability. Drug release was assessed using dialysis. Cytocompatibility was evaluated in human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1) using the MTT assay at 24, 48, and 72 h. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by measuring the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in LPS-stimulated cells. Antibacterial activity (MIC/MBC) and antibiofilm efficacy were tested against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with the appropriate post-hoc tests (p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The curcumin-loaded hydrogel showed high cell viability (>90%) and significantly reduced TNF-α and IL-1β levels when compared with free curcumin. It demonstrated improved antibiofilm activity (∼74-79%) and lower MIC values than free curcumin, although slightly less effective than chlorhexidine. A sustained drug release profile (∼81.6% at 14 days) following Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetics was observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The curcumin-loaded chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel showed improved biological performance and sustained release when compared with free curcumin, suggesting its potential as a localized periodontal drug delivery system. Further in vivo studies are required to validate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":15133,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Oral Science","volume":"34 ","pages":"e20260308"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148684599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicomechanical properties of PMMA denture base resins reinforced with nanofibers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Bianca Tavares Rangel, Amanda Aparecida Maia Neves Garcia, Carolina Yoshi Campos Sugio, Vanessa Migliorini Urban, Simone Soares, Joel Ferreira Santiago Júnior, André Ulisses Dantas Batista, Karin Hermana Neppelenbroek","doi":"10.1590/1678-7765-2026-0076","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1678-7765-2026-0076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Despite the potential of nanofibers to reinforce poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) denture base resins, no consensus exists regarding their effects on material properties. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate whether the incorporation of nanofibers into PMMA denture base resins improves flexural strength and other physicomechanical properties when compared with unmodified PMMA.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This study followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered on the Open Science Framework (<osf.io/3g9pn>). Searches were conducted on Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, Lilacs, and SciELO. Eligibility criteria included in vitro or in vivo studies comparing nanofiber-reinforced PMMA to conventional PMMA. The meta-analysis was conducted for flexural strength (the only property assessed in all studies). A subgroup meta-analysis was performed to explore heterogeneity between studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From the 1,893 initially screened articles, six were included. The investigated nanofibers included carbon, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, polyamide-6, polystyrene, cellulose, PMMA-cerium, and polyvinyl alcohol at concentrations from 0.1 to 23%. The evaluated properties included impact strength, flexural strength, fracture resistance, hardness, elasticity, toughness, surface roughness, contact angle, and spectrophotometric color analysis. While the qualitative analysis showed divergent findings regarding property improvement, the quantitative analysis revealed no significant differences in flexural strength between nanofiber-reinforced PMMA and conventional PMMA at the evaluated concentrations: PMMA vs. 0.5% PMMA (p=0.554), PMMA vs. 1% PMMA (p=0.847), PMMA vs. 3% PMMA (p=0.9825), and PMMA vs. 5% PMMA (p=0.222). However, subgroup analysis indicated higher flexural strength for the conventional PMMA when compared with nanofiber-reinforced PMMA, particularly at higher nanofiber concentrations (p<0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Incorporating nanofibers into PMMA resulted in no significant increase in flexural strength, showing inconsistent effects on other physicomechanical properties. Therefore, further standardized laboratory and clinical studies are needed to clarify its efficacy and clinical applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":15133,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Oral Science","volume":"34 ","pages":"e20260076"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13671195/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148684592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of local hyaluronic acid on early gingival wound healing and heat shock protein 47.","authors":"Gizem Ceren Yiğit, Feyza Otan Özden, Özgür Korhan Tunçel, Eser Çakmak, Fikret Yilmaz","doi":"10.1590/1678-7765-2026-0091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-7765-2026-0091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effect of HA on gingival healing and its relationship with heat shock protein 47 (HSP 47), which binds to procollagen.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>40 female Wistar albino rats were divided into two groups: a control (Group C) and an HA-treated group (Group H), each split into four subgroups for different time points (t1, t3, t7, t14 days). Excisional wounds were made in the palates of all rats. Group H received topical HA gel, whereas Group C received no treatment. HSP 47 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and wound areas were analyzed with ImageJ.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant difference in HSP 47 levels was observed between groups (p>0.05). However, wound areas in Group C were significantly larger than in Group H on day 3 (p=0.009). HSP 47 levels increased in both groups, with higher values on day 1 (p=0.043). Wound areas decreased over time in both groups, with significant reduction in Group H from days 1 to 3 (p=0.043).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Topical HA gel may accelerate early periodontal wound healing but failed to significantly affect HSP 47 levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":15133,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Oral Science","volume":"34 ","pages":"e20260091"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148619836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implant placement accuracy using computer-guided surgical templates supported by bone and mucosa: an in vitro study.","authors":"Ana Maria Alves Ribeiro, Déborah Rocha Seixas, Eduardo Sanches Gonçales","doi":"10.1590/1678-7765-2025-0926","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1678-7765-2025-0926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This in vitro study evaluated the accuracy of virtual planning for single implant placement in the regions of teeth 33 and 43, comparing bone-supported and mucosa-supported guides. A secondary analysis assessed differences related to insertion method, since implant placement in the 43 region used a manual ratchet and in the 33 region used a motorized handpiece.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>In total, 32 implants were placed in 16 edentulous artificial mandibles (8 using bone-supported guides and 8 using mucosa-supported guides), with two implants per mandible. Implant positions were assessed using computed tomography and compared with the virtual plan using ImageJ (2.16.0/1.54p) and OneViewerApp (version 1.18.0.0, 2023). Statistical analysis was performed on Jamovi (p<0.05). Linear deviations between the planned and actual implant placement were compared using t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test, depending on data distribution.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicated greater deviations for mucosa-supported guides, especially in the buccolingual direction, whereas bone-supported guides exhibited greater accuracy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the type of guide support may influence implant placement accuracy and should be carefully considered, particularly in procedures requiring high precision. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":15133,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Oral Science","volume":"34 ","pages":"e20250926"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13668465/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148619859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-adhesive flowable resin composite for occluso-proximal restorations in primary teeth: restorative time and fracture resistance analysis.","authors":"Tyler Zanella Brustolin, Cleber Paradzinski Cavalheiro, Duvan Cala Castillo, Gabriel Kalil Rocha Pereira, Tathiane Larissa Lenzi","doi":"10.1590/1678-7765-2026-0045","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1678-7765-2026-0045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This in vitro study evaluated the restorative time and fracture resistance of occluso-proximal restorations in primary molars using a self-adhesive flowable resin composite, a flowable resin composite, and a conventional resin composite.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Thirty primary molars received two standardized occluso-proximal cavities and were randomly assigned to three groups (n=10): (1) self-adhesive flowable resin composite (Yflow SA), with the entire cavity restored; (2) universal adhesive (Scotchbond Universal) in self-etch mode + flowable resin composite (Filtek Z350 XT Flow), with the entire cavity restored; and (3) universal adhesive in self-etch mode + conventional resin composite (Filtek Z350 XT), inserted incrementally. Restoration time was measured using a digital chronometer, and all teeth underwent 14 days of pH cycling before the fracture resistance test. Mean fracture resistance values were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. The Kruskal-Wallis and Dwass-Steel-Critchlow-Fligner tests were used to compare the restoration time among groups. Failure modes were analyzed descriptively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The self-adhesive flowable resin composite required the shortest restoration time, followed by the flowable resin composite and the conventional resin composite (p<0.001). Fracture resistance was significantly lower in the self-adhesive flowable resin composite group compared to the flowable and conventional resin composite groups (p<0.01). Adhesive failures predominated in the self-adhesive flowable resin composite group (45%), while mixed failures were more frequent in the other restorative approaches (70-75%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In a laboratory setting, the use of a self-adhesive flowable resin composite for the entire cavity compromised the fracture resistance of occluso-proximal restorations in primary molars, despite reducing operative time.</p>","PeriodicalId":15133,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Oral Science","volume":"34 ","pages":"e20260045"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13668463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148619946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic growth, metabolic products, and matrix quantification in dual-species biofilms of oral pathogens.","authors":"Evelyn Giuliana Velásquez-Espedilla, Victor Feliz Pedrinha, Maricel Rosario Cardenas Cuellar, Pedro Luis Busto Rosim, Daniela Alejandra Cusicanqui Méndez, Thiago Cruvinel, Flaviana Bombarda de Andrade","doi":"10.1590/1678-7765-2025-0887","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1678-7765-2025-0887","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Biofilms exhibit virulence traits that promote microbial protection, such as an extracellular matrix composed of exopolysaccharides (EPS), and contribute to host tissue damage via acid production. This study evaluated bacterial viability, biovolume, matrix (β-polysaccharides), and EPS (α-polysaccharides) formation in monospecies and mixed biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Enterococcus faecalis, as well as pH and lactic acid production.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Biofilms were grown on dentin blocks for 7 days, and aliquots were collected for colony-forming unit (CFU/mL) counts. Subsequently, biofilms were stained with LIVE/DEAD®, Calcofluor White®, and Alexa Fluor 647-dextran conjugate® to assess bacterial viability, matrix formation, and EPS formation, respectively, using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Lactic acid production was determined by enzymatic spectrophotometry, and the pH of the culture medium was measured using a pH meter. Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests were used for pH, viability, biovolume, matrix, and EPS analyses, while one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test was applied for CFU/mL counts and lactic acid production (α = 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dual-species biofilms showed higher viability and biovolume than S. mutans monospecies biofilms (p < 0.05), whereas the other parameters did not differ among groups (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dual-species biofilms of S. mutans and E. faecalis may represent a suitable model for investigating antimicrobial strategies, as their association increased viability and biovolume, which are relevant features in cariology and endodontics.</p>","PeriodicalId":15133,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Oral Science","volume":"34 ","pages":"e20250887"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13290200/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148548827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of oropharyngeal structures during respiration with the volume-altered tongue base of minipigs.","authors":"Nino Geradze, Doris Haydee Rosero Salazar, Phuc Hoang Nguyen, Zi-Jun Liu","doi":"10.1590/1678-7765-2025-0722","DOIUrl":"10.1590/1678-7765-2025-0722","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to analyze the functional adaptations of tongue base volumetric enlargement and reduction on the kinematics of oropharyngeal structures during respiration in a minipig model.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Six same-sex sibling pairs of 8-to-9-month-old Yucatan minipigs were studied. Of each pair, one was diet-induced obese with a BMI>50 (obesity-associated volume enlargement) while the other was normal-weight and underwent partial ablation of the tongue base volume (volume-reduction). Real-time X-ray video fluoroscopic images (30 frames/s) were recorded under sedation, at baseline (before surgery) and 5 weeks postoperatively. Selected landmarks of the soft palate, epiglottis, tongue base, and pharyngeal wall were digitized frame by frame for 25-30 respiratory cycles. Directional movements and distance changes of these oropharyngeal structures were analyzed within the defined coordinate system using video-analysis software. Correlations between areas of airway spaces during respiration and biometric measurements of the dissected tongue at week 5 were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During respiratory phases, movement distances of the soft palate and the pharyngeal wall were significantly larger in the volume-reduced group than in the volume-enlarged group at baseline (p<0.05). These moving distances were also larger compared to those of the volume-enlarged group at both time points. Similarly, distance changes during inspiration between structures (soft palate-pharyngeal wall, soft palate-tongue base, and epiglottis-pharyngeal wall) were significantly larger at week 5 than at baseline (p<0.05) in both groups. Positive correlations during respiratory phases were detected between tongue volume and velopharyngeal width in the volume-reduced group (r=0.86, p<0.05). Negative correlations occurred between retromolar space area and tongue thickness in the volume-enlarged group (r=-0.9, p<0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that oropharyngeal spatial dynamics are enhanced in the tongue base volume-reduced minipigs, with altered moving patterns during respiration. In contrast, smaller distance changes observed over time in the volume-enlarged group suggest continuous airway narrowing and potential restriction of airway dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":15133,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Oral Science","volume":"34 ","pages":"e20250722"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13290199/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148549101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}