Journal of Asthma最新文献

{"title":"Association between nocturnal asthma, symptom severity, and clinical outcomes: a systematic review.","authors":"Patricia Tachinardi, Gustavo Yano Callado, Julia M G Ferreira, Maria Celidonio Gutfreund, Isabele Pardo, Edson C D Lopes, Lucas Bulgarelli, Colin M Rogerson, Rodrigo Octavio Deliberato, Alexandre R Marra, Eneida A Mendonça","doi":"10.1080/02770903.2026.2660319","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02770903.2026.2660319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Nocturnal asthma is characterized by the worsening of asthma symptoms during the night and indicates more severe disease. This review aims to analyze evidence regarding the association between nocturnal asthma, symptom severity, pulmonary function, and clinical outcomes in both adult and pediatric populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Databases Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane (Wiley), Scopus, and LILACS were searched from their dates of inception to April 8, 2024. We included studies comparing severity of asthma symptoms, pulmonary function, and clinical outcomes in patients with nocturnal asthma to patients with nocturnal asthma.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. These studies varied in setting, population, definitions of nocturnal, and outcome assessment. Despite methodological heterogeneity, a consistent pattern emerged: none of the evaluated outcomes had better results in the nocturnal asthma group, and nocturnal asthma was associated with worse symptom severity and poorer pulmonary function in most studies. However, evidence regarding hospital outcomes was mixed, with only one study reporting increased ward or intensive care unit (ICU) admission rates for nocturnal asthma patients, and no differences observed in length of stay.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Evidence presented in this systematic review reinforced the association between nocturnal asthma and more severe disease manifestations, including worse symptom scores and poorer pulmonary function compared to non-nocturnal asthma. While evidence regarding hospitalization outcomes remains inconclusive, the findings underscore the clinical significance of recognizing nocturnal symptoms to improve disease management and diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":15076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asthma","volume":" ","pages":"1181-1188"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors for uncontrolled asthma in a pediatric population with severe asthma: FRAMAG study.","authors":"Elida Duenas-Meza, Sarah Pulido-Fentanes, Monica Mendez-Moreno, Nadia Juliana Proaños-Jurado","doi":"10.1080/02770903.2025.2562583","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02770903.2025.2562583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Severe asthma (SA) in children is associated with significant morbidity, increased healthcare utilization, and reduced quality of life. Despite appropriate treatment, achieving optimal asthma control remains challenging, particularly in pediatric populations.This study aimed to identify factors associated with poor asthma control in children with SA, focusing on clinical, functional, and caregiver-related variables.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included children aged 6-17 years with SA followed for up to three years in the Asmaire-Rexpira Program in Bogota, Colombia. Asthma control was defined using a comprehensive composite score integrating symptom questionnaires, exacerbation history, corticosteroid use, hospitalizations, and spirometry. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for uncontrolled asthma.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 228 children included, 35.5% had uncontrolled asthma. Obstructive sleep apnea (OR: 2.16; 95% CI: 1.13-4.11; <i>p</i> = .019) and moderate to severe impairment in caregiver quality of life (OR: 12.35; 95% CI: 4.15-36.80; <i>p</i> < .001) were independently associated with uncontrolled asthma. Systemic corticosteroid use and hospitalization in the prior year were significantly more common in this group. Lung function was preserved in most children.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Uncontrolled asthma in children with SA is associated with comorbid sleep apnea and caregiver burden. These findings underscore the need for multidimensional evaluation, caregiver support, and longitudinal monitoring to optimize asthma control in high-risk pediatric populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asthma","volume":" ","pages":"1189-1198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145064693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographical variability in severe asthma: comparison of patients' characteristics between national, regional, and international cohorts in ISAR.","authors":"Maria Kallieri, Nikolaos G Papadopoulos, Eleftherios Zervas, Konstantinos Exarchos, Mina Gaga, Konstantinos Kostikas, Athena Gogali, Aggelos A Ladias, Konstantinos Tatsis, Fotios E Psarros, Michael Makris, Maria Ntakoula, Petros Bakakos, Lampros Kalogiros, Giannis Paraskevopoulos, Giorgio Walter Canonica, Enrico Heffler, João A Fonseca, Nuria Marina Malanda, Borja G Cosio, David B Price, Victoria Carter, Ghislaine Scelo, Dominic A Friston, Aaron Beastall, Stelios Loukides, Andriana I Papaioannou","doi":"10.1080/02770903.2026.2654601","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02770903.2026.2654601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study is to describe and compare the clinical characteristics, treatment approaches, and associated comorbidities of patients with severe asthma across Greece, Southern Europe, and the global population. This comparative approach aims to enhance the understanding of region-specific differences and similarities among patients living with severe asthma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the International Severe Asthma Registry (ISAR) were analyzed across three cohorts: Greek, Southern European, and Global. Variables included demographics, baseline characteristics, age at asthma onset, medication use, lung function, exacerbation history, biomarkers, and comorbidities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 16,063 patients from the global ISAR dataset, 3406 from Southern Europe, and 206 from Greece were included. Greek patients had a lower mean annual exacerbation rate (1.24 ± 1.67) compared with the global cohort (1.84 ± 2.58, <i>p</i> = 0.001) and Southern Europe (1.73 ± 2.56, <i>p</i> = 0.052). Uncontrolled asthma was most prevalent in Greece (60.32%) versus Southern Europe (35.58%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and the global cohort (57.07%, <i>p</i> = 0.034). Long-term oral corticosteroid use was less frequent in Greece (24.73%) and in global cohort (21.50%, <i>p</i> = 0.287) than in Southern Europe (52.04%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The prevalence of eosinophilic phenotype was high in all cohorts. However, in Greece, it was lower compared to Southern Europe (73.55% vs. 89.89% <i>p</i> < 0.001) and globally (73.55% vs. 83.34%, <i>p</i> = 0.011). Greek patients also demonstrated lower fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) levels and lower eosinophil counts than Southern Europe, along with reduced biologic therapy initiation (56.31%) compared to Southern Europe (74.02%, <i>p</i> < 0.001) but higher than global rates (48.40%, <i>p</i> = 0.024).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Regional differences in severe asthma underline the importance of tailored treatment approaches, and multidisciplinary management of comorbid conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asthma","volume":" ","pages":"1207-1217"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147673639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exogenous compounds and confounding variables: reevaluating the diagnostic accuracy of breath metabolomics in asthma and COPD.","authors":"Mengnan Li, Yani Xu, Kaili Dai, Lianqin Tao, Junfei Zhu","doi":"10.1080/02770903.2026.2654595","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02770903.2026.2654595","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asthma","volume":" ","pages":"1384-1385"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147673589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To the RESCUE: program fidelity and experiences of an Illinois stock inhaler program.","authors":"Paige Hardy, Anna Volerman, Alexandra Knitter, Erica Salem, Chris Martinez, Naomi Soto, Sam Weigley, Lynn B Gerald, Andrea A Pappalardo","doi":"10.1080/02770903.2026.2666089","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02770903.2026.2666089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The Resources for Schools Encountering Unexpected Asthma Emergencies-Illinois (RESCUE-IL) program-which provides stock inhalers, materials, and training-expanded to all Illinois public schools in its second year. A survey evaluated fidelity to emergency protocols and implementation experiences over the 2024-2025 school year as part of a larger program evaluation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The 69-item survey was available to school staff (e.g. nurses, administrators, others) registered in the RESCUE-IL portal over February-March 2025. Questions were either respondent-specific (33 questions) or school-specific for up to three schools (12 questions per school).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 327 respondents representing 483 schools completed the survey (response rate = 20.6%). Nearly all (96.3%) reported satisfaction with RESCUE-IL over the second implementation year. While 93.9% felt the emergency protocol was effective, fewer were comfortable with the protocol-directed four puffs for mild-moderate distress (61.2%) or with eight puffs for severe distress (49.2%). Most (96.0%) preferred to start with two puffs and give more if necessary. Additionally, 76.2% of respondents preferred to follow a student's Asthma Action Plan (AAP) when available over the provided emergency protocol, contrary to RESCUE rules. Furthermore, 40.9% of schools who had used a stock inhaler and 23.7% of schools who had not (<i>p</i> = 0.05) expressed concerns about student overreliance on stock inhalers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Respondents were satisfied with the program overall but had low comfort with dosages over two puffs outlined in the RESCUE-IL protocol, likely due to discrepancies with student AAPs, requiring further individual and group training. Increasing uptake of current AAP recommendations is a priority.</p>","PeriodicalId":15076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asthma","volume":" ","pages":"1339-1349"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13206745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three years treatment with HDM allergen immunotherapy, omalizumab, or combination therapy in allergic asthma: clinical outcomes and biomarkers.","authors":"Andrzej Bozek, Martyna Miodonska, Dominika Sadowska, Jolanta Zalejska Fiolka, Janne Winterstein, Giorgio Walter Canonica","doi":"10.1080/02770903.2026.2660096","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02770903.2026.2660096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) and biologics such as omalizumab are established treatments for allergic asthma, but long-term data on their combined use are limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare long-term clinical and immunological outcomes of omalizumab, subcutaneous AIT for house dust mite (SCIT-HDM), and their combination in mild-to-moderate allergic asthma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective, randomized, controlled study, 79 patients with HDM-driven allergic asthma were assigned to omalizumab (A), omalizumab plus SCIT-HDM (B), SCIT-HDM (C), or standard therapy (D). Patients were followed for 36 months. Primary outcomes were changes in inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) dose and annual exacerbations. Secondary outcomes included symptom and medication scores, Asthma Control Test (ACT), asthma quality of life (AQLQ), lung function, remission rates, and biomarkers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All groups showed significant reductions in ICS use, with greater reductions in groups A and B than in C and D (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Combination therapy (B) resulted in lower exacerbation rates and reduced oral corticosteroid use compared to other groups. Improvements in ACT, FEV₁, and AQLQ were observed across all groups, with more consistent benefits in A and B. Clinical remission occurred most often in group B (47%), followed by A (31%), C (29%), and D (14%). Biomarker changes indicated reduced type 2 inflammation and immunological responses to therapy. No serious adverse events or systemic hypersensitivity reactions were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Omalizumab, SCIT-HDM, and their combination improved outcomes over 36 months. Combination therapy showed the most consistent benefits, but results should be interpreted cautiously due to the small sample size. Further studies are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asthma","volume":" ","pages":"1254-1266"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147690165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Galectin-9 modulates the Th1/Th2 balance to improve bronchial asthma.","authors":"Bin Wu, Yu Wang, Danhong Li, Tingting Pan, Jieru Xu, Lihong Li","doi":"10.1080/02770903.2026.2660095","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02770903.2026.2660095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Bronchial asthma (BA) is a global chronic heterogeneous inflammatory disease. Galectin-9 (Gal-9) plays a significant role in inflammation and immunomodulation-related diseases, and both BA and Gal-9 are closely associated with the balance of helper T cells (Th1/Th2). This study aimed to investigate the potential mechanism by which Gal-9 ameliorates BA through modulating the Th1/Th2 balance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Firstly, rat models of BA were established with two different degrees of airway challenge (three and six inhalation; <i>n</i> = 6 per group), to assess tissue damage and biomarker changes. Then, adenovirus containing Gal-9-specific expression silencing (sh-Gal-9) and interleukin 4 overexpressing adenovirus (oe-IL-4) were injected into a rat BA model (<i>n</i> = 6 per group), respectively, to examine lung tissue damage, inflammatory response, and Th1/Th2 cell ratio. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Tukey's <i>post hoc</i> test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A series of analyses showed that Gal-9 was highly expressed in the BA models (<i>p < 0.01</i>), accompanied by a Th2-biased Th1/Th2 imbalance. The imbalance and Gal-9 expression were exacerbated with increased excitation (<i>p < 0.01</i>). These effects were reversed by sh-Gal-9 injection, which restored a Th1-dominant balance (<i>p < 0.01</i>), and were counteracted by additional oe-IL-4 administration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Inhibition of Gal-9 restores Th1/Th2 balance and reduces inflammation in BA, suggesting Gal-9 as a potential therapeutic target for asthma treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":15076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asthma","volume":" ","pages":"1241-1253"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eosinophilic vasculitis of aortic valve in EGPA: a life-threatening onset of disease.","authors":"Niccolò Paoletti, Leandro Cosco, Emanuele Vivarelli, Carlotta Mazzoni, Alfredo Giuseppe Cerillo, Margherita Perlato, Raffaella Santi, Stefano Del Pace, Alessandra Vultaggio, Andrea Matucci","doi":"10.1080/02770903.2026.2666088","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02770903.2026.2666088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA), formerly known as Churg-Strauss Syndrome, is an anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis that can manifest with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations. Indeed, EGPA is characterized by eosinophil-rich inflammation and systemic necrotizing vasculitis affecting small-to-medium-size vessels of different organs. Cardiac involvement is associated with a poor prognosis, and it is mainly described in the form of myocardial eosinophilic infiltration. Aortic valve involvement of EGPA is exceedingly rare.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here, we describe a clinical case of a 51-years-old man with eosinophilic severe asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps presented to the Emergency Department with worsening dyspnea after a two months history of low-grade fever and malaise; home therapy included anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody (100 mg every four weeks). At the Emergency Department, the patient developed cardiac arrest and, after advanced life support maneuvers, he underwent surgery for acute torrential aortic regurgitation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pathological examination of native aortic valve showed widespread vasculitis with eosinophilic inflammatory infiltrate and ANCA antibodies (anti-MPO), previously negative, tested positive. A diagnosis of EGPA was therefore made, despite low blood eosinophils probably due to mepolizumab therapy. Mycophenolate mofetil and high dose mepolizumab (300 mg every 4 wk) were started and the patient was discharged with full resolution of his clinical picture even at the three months follow-up visit.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To our knowledge, this is the first reported case demonstrating angioplasia and vasculitis on the aortic valve. Our case report shows the importance of appropriate mepolizumab dose to improve EGPA clinical outcomes; moreover, severe disease activity despite low dose mepolizumab could underline the role of alternative pathogenic mechanisms beyond IL-5 pathway, at least in some patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":15076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asthma","volume":" ","pages":"1379-1383"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147972703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safer use of short-acting beta₂-agonists: perceiving and responding to risk-a qualitative study.","authors":"Eliza J McEwin, Lorraine Smith, Brett Toelle, Carol Armour, Barbara Mintzes, Bandana Saini","doi":"10.1080/02770903.2026.2660323","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02770903.2026.2660323","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Methods: </strong>People with asthma who overuse SABAs were enrolled into the study through community pharmacist invitation. Semi-structured interviews were completed by telephone or via Zoom. The recordings were transcribed and thematically analyzed using inductive and deductive approaches.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between September 2021 and May 2022, 21 people were interviewed. Data analyses yielded six themes. Three themes related to risk perception including risks related to asthma, medicines, and other factors such as environmental triggers. Three themes related to how people responded to their perceived risk. These included actions taken by some to reduce risk while others chose not to act to reduce risk, despite knowing how to, suggesting a lack of self-efficacy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This is the first study of its kind in a group of Australians who have asthma, a common, as yet incurable, often lifelong chronic health condition. Our interviews yielded rich and sometimes surprising insights into the complexity and number of factors contributing to how people perceive and respond to risks associated with their asthma and with the medicines that they take to manage it.</p>","PeriodicalId":15076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asthma","volume":" ","pages":"1284-1294"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147698890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mid-term impact of COVID-19 related non-pharmaceutical interventions on the incidence of hospitalizations for severe asthma exacerbation in children: a ten-year time-series analysis.","authors":"Marie Facy, Zein Assad, Zaba Valtuille, Naïm Ouldali, Florentia Kaguelidou, Romain Basmaci, Flore Amat","doi":"10.1080/02770903.2026.2666087","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02770903.2026.2666087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study was to analyze the temporal association of the national incidence of severe asthma exacerbations (SAEs) in children with the implementation and lifting of NPIs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a time-series analysis of a national, hospital-based French surveillance system. An SAE was defined as asthma associated with acute respiratory failure. All children aged ≤18 years hospitalized for an SAE in metropolitan France between January 2013 and June 2023 were included. The main outcome was the monthly incidence of hospitalizations for SAEs per 100,000 children, analyzed by a quasi-Poisson regression model, adjusted for pollution exposure. The incidence of hospitalizations for acute pyelonephritis over the same period was analyzed as a control outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NPI implementation in March 2020 was associated with a significant decrease in the monthly incidence of SAEs (immediate change, -29.4%; 95%CI -49.4 to -1.5; <i>p</i> = 0.041), and a significant increase following the lifting of the NPIs in March 2021 (immediate change, 59.1%; 95%CI 12.8 to 124.6; <i>p</i> = 0.008), resulting in a non-significant excess compared to the pre-COVID-19 pandemic period trend (+12.3%; 95%CI -12.6 to 44.5; <i>p</i> = 0.36), independently of pollution exposure. No significant changes were observed for acute pyelonephritis hospitalizations over the study period.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>NPIs were associated with significant changes in the incidence of pediatric SAEs. This unexpected benefit suggests that public health interventions targeting respiratory viruses may reduce the burden of SAEs in children. The mid- and long-term impact of lifting NPIs on SAEs and on the use of healthcare resources should be carefully monitored.</p>","PeriodicalId":15076,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Asthma","volume":" ","pages":"1329-1338"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}