Journal of affective disorders最新文献

{"title":"Inflammatory biomarkers as predictors for unlocking antidepressant efficacy: Assessing predictive value and risk stratification in major depressive disorder in a prospective longitudinal study","authors":"Nervana Elbakary ,&nbsp;Noriya Al-Khuzaei ,&nbsp;Tarteel Hussain ,&nbsp;Ahmed Karawia ,&nbsp;Malek Smida ,&nbsp;Niveen Abu-Rahma ,&nbsp;Fairooz Akel ,&nbsp;Soad Esmail Mahmoud ,&nbsp;James Currie ,&nbsp;Mohamed Adil Shah Khoodoruth ,&nbsp;Sami Ouanes","doi":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.119545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.119545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by significant heterogeneity in treatment response, with inflammation hypothesized to play a role in its pathophysiology. Peripheral inflammatory biomarkers, such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and C-reactive protein (CRP), may predict antidepressant efficacy. This study investigated the association between baseline inflammatory biomarkers, their changes, and antidepressant treatment outcomes in patients with MDD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A prospective longitudinal cohort study in Qatar recruited 123 MDD outpatients (aged 18–64). Baseline assessments included NLR, CRP, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR). Depression severity was measured via the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZSRS) at baseline and 12 weeks post-treatment. Statistical analyses, including multiple regression and Random Forest machine learning models, identified predictors of antidepressant response.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Improvement in depressive symptoms was associated with female sex, higher mean corpuscular volume (MCV), lower absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and higher eosinophil counts. However, changes in NLR, MLR, PLR, and CRP did not predict treatment response. Folate levels and PLR were identified by the machine learning model as top predictors, suggesting potential utility as biomarkers for response classification. Our study identified predictors of improvement in suicidal ideation, including hematological markers (lower RBC, higher eosinophils, lower monocytes), younger age, female sex, medical comorbidities, and longer assessment intervals.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Baseline ANC and eosinophil count may help stratify MDD treatment outcomes, though post-treatment biomarker changes were not linked to symptom improvement. Our findings highlight suicidality as a distinct pathology within depression, necessitating tailored interventions. This study highlights the complexity of inflammation in depression and suicidality, emphasizing the need for advanced biomarkers utilization in precision medicine and personalized psychiatry treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of affective disorders","volume":"387 ","pages":"Article 119545"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships between childhood maltreatment, peer victimization and depressive symptoms in youth: a network approach on the cycle of victimization","authors":"Mijeong Park ,&nbsp;Kyung Hwa Lee ,&nbsp;Jeeyoung Chun ,&nbsp;Jae-Won Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.119496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.119496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), such as childhood maltreatment and peer-related problems, are among the most influential risk factors contributing to the development of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents. Using a network approach, this study investigated the relationships between diverse forms of ACEs and distinct depressive symptoms in children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 464 psychiatric outpatients diagnosed with a range of psychiatric disorders (278 females; mean age = 14.2 years, standard deviation = 2.1 years) were included. The Children's Depression Rating Scale, Revised, was used to assess depressive symptoms. The shortened form of the Early Trauma Inventory and the Peer-Victimization Scale and Bullying Behavior Scale were used to assess childhood maltreatment experiences and peer-related problems, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The relationship between various types of ACEs and depressive symptoms varied. In particular, emotional maltreatment was closely related to depressive symptoms and had a direct impact, as well as an indirect influence through peer victimization. In addition, “depressed feelings” was identified as the common key node within the ACEs-depressive symptoms networks.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Due to the cross-sectional design of the study, caution is required when interpreting causal relationships.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings provide new insights into the possible mechanisms between diverse forms of ACEs and individual depressive symptoms in children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders and highlight the importance of considering different intervention targets for each type of ACE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of affective disorders","volume":"387 ","pages":"Article 119496"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144187086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pro-inflammatory diet and the risk of depression and anxiety: A prospective study based on the dietary inflammatory index","authors":"Chunyang Pang ,&nbsp;Huan Yu ,&nbsp;Jiali Xie ,&nbsp;Yinuo Chen ,&nbsp;Wen Cao ,&nbsp;Xinyue Yu ,&nbsp;Luyi Zhu ,&nbsp;Junwei Zhang ,&nbsp;Lingfei Gao ,&nbsp;Yaojia Li ,&nbsp;Lihuai Du ,&nbsp;Binbin Deng ,&nbsp;Ling Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.119533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.119533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Foods contain pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory components that may influence mood. This study aims to investigate the association between dietary inflammation, assessed by the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), and anxiety and depression.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>DII was calculated from 29 food items in a 24-h diet recall questionnaire from the UK Biobank. Depression and anxiety disorders were identified using International Classification of Diseases codes from hospital records, while depressive and anxious moods were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 questionnaires. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between baseline dietary inflammation and future depression/anxiety disorders.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over a median follow-up of 14.1 years among 189,835 participants, the incidence of depression and anxiety disorders was 257.25 and 272.10 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. The mean DII was −0.435, with a range from −6.566 to 5.449. Individuals with higher DII scores exhibited an elevated risk of depressive mood (OR [95 % CI] = 1.137 [1.111,1.162], <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), depression disorders (HR [95 % CI] = 1.063 [1.046,1.082], P &lt; 0.001), anxiety mood (OR [95 % CI] = 1.094 [1.079–1.108], P &lt; 0.001), and anxiety disorders (HR [95 % CI] = 1.023 [1.007,1.040], P &lt; 0.001), after adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and medical condition factors.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Diets with pro-inflammatory traits, reflected by a higher DII, were strongly linked to an increased risk of developing depression and anxiety in the future. An anti-inflammatory diet, guided by the DII, may offer a promising protective approach against these mental health issues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of affective disorders","volume":"387 ","pages":"Article 119533"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distress tolerance mediates the association between parental responses to distress during childhood and distress during college","authors":"Leah E. McGonigal,&nbsp;Joanna Herres","doi":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.119540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.119540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Psychological distress can have serious negative consequences, making it crucial to identify factors that explain why some college students experience higher levels of psychological distress than others. This study examined whether distress tolerance during college mediates the relationship between parent's emotion-coaching and emotion-dismissing responses during childhood and levels of psychological distress experienced during college. Students at a public college in the Northeastern US (<em>N</em> = 762) were surveyed about their parents' responses to their negative emotions during childhood and their current levels of distress tolerance and psychological distress during college. The sample was relatively diverse compared to the predominantly White student body, with 68.5 % identifying as White, 19.2 % as Hispanic or Latino, 15.0 % as Asian, and 7.9 % as Black or African American. Results indicated that lower levels of distress tolerance mediated the effect of emotion-dismissing parental responses to negative emotions during childhood on more psychological distress during college. However, emotion-coaching from parents was not associated with distress tolerance or psychological distress when controlling for emotion-dismissing responses. These findings suggest that enhancing distress tolerance may be a key intervention strategy for reducing psychological distress among college students who experienced emotion-dismissing parenting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of affective disorders","volume":"388 ","pages":"Article 119540"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144187080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between executive functions and negative emotions: A moderated mediation analysis of emotion regulation and gender","authors":"Xiaoliang Zhu ,&nbsp;Yujie Wang ,&nbsp;Shuyan Gao ,&nbsp;Xiaoting Liu ,&nbsp;Fujun Zhao ,&nbsp;Xin Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.119486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.119486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Although the relationship between executive functions (EFs) and negative emotions has been well documented, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study examines the potential mediating role of emotion regulation and the moderating effect of gender through a moderated mediation model.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants included 604 university students (<em>M</em>_age = 19.05 years, <em>SD</em> = 1.09; 372 females). Inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility were assessed using the Go/No-Go task, the number running memory tasks (1750 ms and 750 ms), and the digit shifting task, respectively. Emotion regulation was measured using the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Anxiety and depression were assessed using the Chinese versions of the Beck Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory. Data were analyzed using SPSS 29.0 and Mplus 8.3.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Cognitive reappraisal mediated the relationship between working memory and anxiety and depression. Gender moderated the relationship between cognitive reappraisal and negative emotions. Specifically, cognitive reappraisal negatively predicted anxiety and depression only among female participants.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings contribute to the existing literature by clarifying the underlying mechanisms linking various subcomponents of EFs and negative emotions. The results underscore the pivotal role of emotion regulation, particularly cognitive reappraisal, and gender-specific pathways in understanding and improving university students' mental health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of affective disorders","volume":"386 ","pages":"Article 119486"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychopathologies and quality of life in mental and functional disorders associated with persistent somatic symptoms","authors":"Wei-Lieh Huang ,&nbsp;Yi-Ting Chiu ,&nbsp;Bernd Löwe ,&nbsp;Chi-Shin Wu ,&nbsp;Shih-Cheng Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.119521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.119521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Persistent somatic symptoms (PSS) are a central diagnostic feature of several mental and functional disorders. However, only several studies simultaneously considered disorders from different systems. The purpose of this study was to explore the coexisting status of these diagnoses and to analyze the relationship between diagnoses and various psychopathologies, as well as quality of life (QOL).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We recruited participants from psychosomatic clinics and neighboring communities of a hospital. All individuals underwent semi-structured interviews covering functional and mental disorder diagnoses and completed self-administered scales measuring somatic distress, health anxiety, depression, anxiety, and QOL. The relationships between diagnoses, psychopathologies, and QOL were explored.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This cross-sectional study included 502 individuals (mean age 44.54 years, 38.8 % males). Among the various diagnoses with PSS, the DSM-IV's undifferentiated somatoform disorder (USD) and DSM-5's somatic symptom disorder (SSD) were the most common. SSD had a high comorbidity rate with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and panic disorder. The diagnosis most strongly associated with the severity of somatic distress and health anxiety was the DSM-IV USD and DSM-5 SSD, respectively. MDD, GAD, panic disorder, and adjustment disorder had significant associations with various psychopathologies and QOL. Among the diagnoses with PSS, the DSM-IV USD had the highest correlation with QOL, primarily in the overall and physical domains.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>The clinical sample was collected from psychosomatic clinics and cannot represent other medical settings.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>DSM-IV USD and DSM-5 SSD were the diagnoses with PSS most extensively and significantly associated with psychopathologies and QOL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of affective disorders","volume":"387 ","pages":"Article 119521"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemoglobin - to - red cell distribution width ratio in depression symptoms: Threshold effects and metabolic - inflammatory mediation revealed by multimodal machine learning and symptom network analysis in 196,260 adults","authors":"Mingfei Jiang ,&nbsp;Xiaoran Li ,&nbsp;Yong Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.119515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.119515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To investigate the association between hemoglobin to red blood cell distribution width ratio (HRR) and depression symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study enrolled 196,260 participants from Nanjing Gaochun People's Hospital between 2020 and 2024, using latent class analysis (LCA) to classify depression symptoms patterns, employing six machine learning (ML) algorithms to evaluate HRR's predictive value, and implementing symptom network (SN) analysis to explore the pathways of HRR's mechanism of action.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Following the integration of key metabolic indicators including body mass index (BMI) and dyslipidemia, the gradient boosting decision tree model demonstrated the optimal predictive performance (The accuracy of the internal validation reached 0.6988, with a sensitivity of 0.8952, a specificity of 0.6824, an F1 score of 0.7540, and an AUC of 0.824. The accuracy of the external validation reached 0.6702, with a sensitivity of 0.6060, a specificity of 0.8743, an F1 score of 0.6054, and an AUC of 0.747), achieving a contribution score of 0.7 under HHR ≤ 8 conditions. In the metabolic-inflammatory pathway analysis, BMI exhibited significant bridge strength (1.08285495) while dyslipidemia showed prominent mediation centrality, indicating their critical mediating roles in the biological pathway.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>HRR was significantly correlated with the risk of depression symptoms, suggesting that it may have the value of serving as a potential predictive biomarker. BMI and dyslipidemia played a role in the depression-inflammation/metabolic pathway, indicating the possibility of them being potential intervention targets.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of affective disorders","volume":"387 ","pages":"Article 119515"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epstein–Barr virus infection increases the risk of depression: A cross-sectional study and Mendelian randomization analysis","authors":"Yunjin Li ,&nbsp;Yingying Zhang ,&nbsp;Weiping Liu,&nbsp;Zihang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.119488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.119488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Depression, a common psychiatric disorder with multiple causes, has been increasingly linked to viral infections, especially herpesviruses. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), is a widely infecting Herpesviridae virus. Although some studies have suggested that EBV may be associated with depression, a causal relationship remains unclear. This study aims to explore this link via NHANES data and GWAS findings. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 730 NHANES participants aged 18‐‐19 years and used weighted regression to assess the link between EBV levels and depression. Subsequently, we conducted univariable Mendelian randomization (UVMR) and multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) analyses with GWAS data from 27,568 depression cases and 457,030 controls and used associated SNPs as instrumental variables to explore the causality and mediators of the EBV-depression association. After controlling for various factors, a significant link between EBV antibody levels and depression persisted, with a nonlinear association (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). UVMR analysis revealed a positive causal effect of EBV on depression (OR = 1.008, 95 % CI 1.004–1.012, P &lt; 0.001), implying that it could be a risk factor for depression. The MVMR suggested that IL-6 and CRP may serve as intermediary factors in this process. Cross-sectional studies have revealed a significant link between EBV infection and depression. Furthermore, MR studies have implicated a potential causal role of EBV in the pathogenesis of depression. These findings could inform depression treatment strategies for EBV-infected individuals and provide new insights into the pathogenesis of depression.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of affective disorders","volume":"387 ","pages":"Article 119488"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Network structure of social anxiety in patients with social anxiety disorder and university students: Examining the cognitive behavioral model and the role of mindfulness","authors":"Shota Noda ,&nbsp;Motohiro Nishiuchi ,&nbsp;Giovanbattista Andreoli ,&nbsp;Kentaro Shirotsuki ,&nbsp;Stefan G. Hofmann","doi":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.119498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.119498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Self-focused attention, cost/probability bias, and avoidance behavior are maintaining factors of social anxiety. The manipulation of dispositional mindfulness has been shown to reduce social anxiety and its maintaining factors. This study examined the associations among dispositional mindfulness, self-focused attention, cost/probability bias, avoidance behavior, and social anxiety to explore the mechanism of mindfulness and its relationship with social anxiety in patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD) and university students. Data from 412 patients with SAD and 367 students were analyzed using psychometric network analysis. Both groups completed self-report measures assessing dispositional mindfulness, self-focused attention, cost/probability bias, avoidance behavior, and social anxiety. A weak negative association was found between non-judging in dispositional mindfulness and self-focused attention to one's behavior in the SAD patients' network. In the students' network, a weak negative association was observed between non-judging and self-focused attention to one's behaviors, as well as between describing and social anxiety. In the SAD patients' network, nodes with the highest strength centrality were probability bias and social anxiety. In the students' network, nodes with the highest strength centrality were social anxiety and cost bias. The global network structure and connectivity differed between patients with SAD and students. The findings support the cognitive-behavioral model of SAD and highlight the heterogeneity of social anxiety, necessitating tailored intervention strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of affective disorders","volume":"387 ","pages":"Article 119498"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and initial test of an online self-assessment of nonsuicidal self-injury severity","authors":"Kaylee P. Kruzan ,&nbsp;Brooke Ammerman ,&nbsp;Gregory J. Lengel ,&nbsp;James W. Griffith ,&nbsp;Khendra Lucas ,&nbsp;Theresa Nguyen ,&nbsp;Kevin Rushton ,&nbsp;Jason J. Washburn ,&nbsp;David C. Mohr","doi":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.119506","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jad.2025.119506","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective assessment of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is crucial for identifying the behavior, evaluating its severity, and determining appropriate interventions. Many individuals who engage in NSSI are never assessed due to limited engagement in formal treatment, yet they do seek information and resources related to NSSI online. While numerous NSSI assessments exist, none have been designed for self-administration in online spaces where individuals are actively seeking help. An online self-assessment of NSSI severity has the potential to reach, assess, inform, and guide those in the early stages of help-seeking towards appropriate resources and support. In partnership with a large mental health advocacy group, this study aimed to 1) develop an online self-assessment of NSSI severity and conduct an initial test of the item pool, 2) better understand characteristics of NSSI, among individuals accessing NSSI information online. The online self-assessment was intentionally designed (a) on the empirical literature of factors important for understanding NSSI severity, (b) in conjunction with individuals with lived experience, and (3) in collaboration with a community organization familiar with online help-seeking samples, to ensure that the long-term goal of pairing the assessment with resource recommendations can be met. A clear 5-factor structure that is both empirically and theoretically sound emerged. With further development, the online self-assessment, which we call Self-Evaluation of NSSI Severity and Experience (SENSE), can provide valuable information to individuals who engage in NSSI and are seeking help online and be a direct line to personalized resource recommendations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14963,"journal":{"name":"Journal of affective disorders","volume":"387 ","pages":"Article 119506"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144182141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}