Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation最新文献

{"title":"Calculation of Solubility of Oxyquinolinates","authors":"A. Michałowska-Kaczmarczyk, T. Michałowski","doi":"10.4236/JASMI.2014.43010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JASMI.2014.43010","url":null,"abstract":"The solubilities (s, mol/L) of different oxyquinolinates \u0000(oxinates, MeL2) are calculated using the formulae obtained \u0000according to elementary algebra, with the use of Excel spreadsheets. The \u0000calculations are involved with solution of algebraic equation of the third \u0000degree, obtained on the basis of concentration balances. The root of this \u0000equation, , is then inserted into the charge balance, \u0000and resolved according to zeroing procedure. In principle, the calculations are \u0000related to aqueous media. Nonetheless, the extension on liquid-liquid \u0000extraction systems is also proposed.","PeriodicalId":14932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation","volume":"71 1","pages":"71-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87213943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodology Article: Can Ruminal Reducing Power Assessed in Batch Cultures be Comparable to in Vivo Measurements?","authors":"C. Julien, J. Marden, A. Troegeler-Meynadier, Corine Bayourthe","doi":"10.4236/JASMI.2014.43011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JASMI.2014.43011","url":null,"abstract":"In ruminant field \u0000of digestive research, the appeal to methods of less invasive studies and reproducing \u0000the in vivo conditions is essential. The \u0000objective of the present study was to determine whether the conditions created \u0000with the proposed in vitro batch \u0000culture was an accurate reproduction of the physico-chemical and fermentative \u0000ruminal conditions observed in vivo. \u0000Two experiments were conducted to compare ruminal reducing power measured in \u0000vitro, i.e. in batch \u0000cultures or, in vivo i.e. in live animals: dairy cows at \u0000maintenance (Experiment 1) and lactating dairy cows (Experiment 2). In \u0000Experiment 1, at the beginning of incubation period, in vitro redox potential (Eh), pH \u0000and Clark’s exponent (rH) values were significantly higher than in vivo (+42 \u0000mV, +0.25 and +1.9, respectively) whereas volatile fatty acids (VFA) contents \u0000were 2.6 fold lower on average. At the end of incubation, Eh, \u0000rH values and VFA contents were similar between both methods whereas pH still \u0000remained different. In Experiment 2, at the beginning and at the end of incubation \u0000period, in vitro Eh, pH and rH values differed \u0000significantly than in vivo. As a result, the in vitro method did \u0000not provide a tool to evaluate accurately the level of the reducing status of \u0000ruminal milieu compared with in vivo measurement. Nonetheless, it \u0000provided strong reducing conditions after 8 h of incubation with levels of rH \u0000relatively closed to those observed in \u0000vivo. In vitro batch culture \u0000could be a good alternative to in vivo trials for a screening approach \u0000from an ethic and economic point of view in ruminant field of research.","PeriodicalId":14932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation","volume":"3 1","pages":"80-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76924495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Transition Points between Different Solid Phases in Aqueous Media","authors":"A. Michałowska-Kaczmarczyk, T. Michałowski","doi":"10.4236/JASMI.2014.43012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JASMI.2014.43012","url":null,"abstract":"A uniform procedure is suggested for calculation of the pHt value(s) separating equilibrium solid phases in pH scale, at an excess of the precipitating agent. The pHt value, related to pairs of precipitates formed from the species   and  , fulfils the relation , where F is a constant value involving pKso’s for solubility products (Kso’s) of these precipitates, and the equilibrium data, related to the species composing these precipitates.","PeriodicalId":14932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation","volume":"21 1","pages":"87-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83468383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Approach to Carbonate Alkalinity","authors":"B. Pilarski, A. Michałowska-Kaczmarczyk, A. Asuero, Agnieszka Dobkowska, M. Lewandowska, T. Michałowski","doi":"10.4236/JASMI.2014.42009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JASMI.2014.42009","url":null,"abstract":"The article provides experimental data applied to the determination of carbonate alkalinity (CAM) according to modified Gran II functions. CAM is related to the mixtures NaHCO3 + Na2CO3 and Na2CO3 + NaOH. In addition to the determination of equivalence volumes, one of the main novelties of the proposed method is the possibility of determining the activity coefficient of hydrogen ions (γ). Moreover, CAM can be used to calculate the dissociation constants (K1, K2) for carbonic acid and the ionic product of water (KW) from a single pH titration curve. The parameters of the related functions are calculated according to the least squares method.","PeriodicalId":14932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation","volume":"110 1","pages":"62-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79294150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling and Experiments of the Gain and Noise Figure for an Irradiated Erbium-Ytterbium Co-Doped Fiber Amplifier","authors":"S. Nafee, T. A. Hamdalla","doi":"10.4236/JASMI.2014.42008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JASMI.2014.42008","url":null,"abstract":"It is crucial to study the effect of radiation on the fiber amplifier \u0000devices. In the present paper, the Erbium-ytterbium co-doped fiber amplifier \u0000(EYDFA) has been irradiated by a neutron beam of different doses for various \u0000exposure times from an Am-241/Be-9 neutron source. The gain and noise figure of \u0000the EYDFA have been calculated theoretically and recorded after and before the \u0000irradiation to test its performance under the effect of irradiation. In order \u0000to show the enhancement in the gain of the fiber amplifier devices, a \u0000comparison between the gain of the irradiated EYDFA and Erbium doped Fiber \u0000amplifier (EDFA) has been carried out. The calculated results by the proposed \u0000model are in good agreement with the experimental ones. It indicates that the \u0000gain of EYDFA deteriorates after being irradiated by a neutron dose. Moreover, \u0000the gain of irradiated EYDFA has been reduced to 13.8 dB at a dose of 720 Gy.","PeriodicalId":14932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation","volume":"30 1","pages":"53-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81370849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of Different Types of Potato Chips by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer","authors":"M. AL-RAJHİ","doi":"10.4236/JASMI.2014.42007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JASMI.2014.42007","url":null,"abstract":"Potato chips are considered as one of the most popular and preferable children’s \u0000foods in Saudi Arabia. The aim of this study was to examine the concentration of \u000012 chemical elements (i.e. Cd, Cr, Cu, \u0000Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, As, Se and Al) in different types of potato chips. Samples \u0000were analyzed using an Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer \u0000(ICP-OES). The average concentrations of analyzed elements in all potato chips were \u0000examined and compared with the recommendations of international organizations concerned \u0000with food safety. From the human health point of view, this investigation showed \u0000that there was no possible health risk to consumers due to the intake of potato \u0000chips.","PeriodicalId":14932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation","volume":"37 1","pages":"46-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86539953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compact Formulation of Redox Systems According to GATES/GEB Principles","authors":"A. Michałowska-Kaczmarczyk, T. Michałowski","doi":"10.4236/JASMI.2014.42006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JASMI.2014.42006","url":null,"abstract":"The Generalized Electron Balance (GEB), together with charge balance and \u0000concentration balances, completes the set of equations needed for resolution of \u0000electrolytic redox systems. The general formulae for GEB were obtained \u0000according to Approach II to GEB, i.e., \u0000on the basis of the equation 2?f(O) ? f(H) \u0000obtained from elemental balances: f(H) \u0000for H, and f(O) for O. Equivalency of \u0000the Approach II and the Approach I to GEB was proved for an aqueous solution \u0000and a binary-solvent system. On this basis, a compact form of GEB was derived.","PeriodicalId":14932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation","volume":"278 1","pages":"720-726"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74761221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trace Elements Assessment in Human Nails in Eastern Sudan Using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy","authors":"S. Ibrahim, A. M. Abdelbagi, A. E. S. Eldeen","doi":"10.4236/JASMI.2014.41001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JASMI.2014.41001","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, elements concentration in fingernails samples of volunteers of different ages (males, females) were determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) Perkin-Elmer, spectrophotometer. Fingernails samples of different groups were analyzed to determine the trace elements Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Co, Zn and Pb. Standards materials were prepared for concentration assessment that adjacent to samples from two cities in different location in eastern province of Sudan for elements concentrations finding. In addition, samples of hands fingernails and toenails were analyzed for comparison and method validation. Consequently, the significant levels of elements concentration in nails samples of Jabiat residents compared to Port Sudan resident’s area due to soil dispersion are supporting the possibility of external contamination. The data of component matrix and rotated component matrix of varimax normalization using principal component analysis revealed important predictors of nails elements Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn concentrations in soil of both areas under study. However, the Pb, Ni, Ca, and Co are possible to be indication of different sources associated with environmental contamination. The significant correlation and principal component analysis of the elements of nails concentrations in the two categories supported the probability of different expose environmental contamination.","PeriodicalId":14932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84257271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Method for Measurement of the Hypertrophic First Metatarsal Medial Eminence on Foot Radiographs—A Reliability Study with Surgical Implications","authors":"Paul S. Armanasco, K. Briffa, N. Pang","doi":"10.4236/JASMI.2014.41005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JASMI.2014.41005","url":null,"abstract":"Background: It has been suggested that hypertrophic eminence on the medial head of the \u0000first metatarsal is a component of the patho-anatomy of hallux valgus. However, \u0000research findings in this area are inconsistent, possibly due to differences in \u0000methods in identifying and measuring the medial eminence. To date, reliability \u0000of any method of measurement has not been reported. The purpose of this study \u0000was to determine the reliability of measurement of the medial eminence on \u0000medial oblique and dorsoplantar radiographs using a \u0000previously described geometric technique. Methods: To evaluate the reliability of a method of measurement of the medial eminence \u0000of the first metatarsal duplicate standardized dorsoplantar and medial oblique \u0000radiographs were taken of one foot of 15 subjects. The feet included both \u0000rectus feet and subjects with hallux valgus. The medial eminence was measured \u0000on the digital images using Inteleviewer 2.5 (Intelerad medical systems \u0000incorporated, Montreal, Quebec) software. Observer 1 measured one randomly \u0000selected image from each subject to determine inter-observer reliability. \u0000Observer 2 measured all images to determine the overall intraobserver \u0000reliability. Reliability was calculated using intra-class correlation \u0000coefficients (ICC). Results: The mean projection \u0000of the medial eminence ranged from 0.39 to 0.44 cm in both views. The ICCs were \u0000calculated for the dorsoplantar view and the 2 medial oblique view measures \u0000between observers. They ranged from 0.76 intra-rater and 0.86 interrater in the \u0000dorsoplantar view to 0.80 intra-rater and 0.90 inter-rater in the medial \u0000oblique view indicating good reliability in all measures. The average of the 4 \u0000oblique views also showed a high level of reliability with a coefficient of \u00000.96. Conclusions: The medial eminence \u0000can be reliably measured in the medial oblique and dorsoplantar view using the \u0000described technique. The medial oblique and the dorsoplantar views are valuable \u0000and reliable projections for visualising the dorso medial aspect of the first \u0000metatarsal.","PeriodicalId":14932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation","volume":"48 1","pages":"31-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91110618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrafast Laser Energy Density and Retinal Absorption Cross-Section Determination by Saturable Absorption Measurements","authors":"A. Penzkofer, Meike Luck, T. Mathes, P. Hegemann","doi":"10.4236/JASMI.2014.41003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4236/JASMI.2014.41003","url":null,"abstract":"Laser pulse nonlinear transmission measurements through saturable absorbers of known absorption parameters allow the measurement of their energy density. On the other hand, nonlinear transmission measurements of laser pulses of known energy density through absorbing media allow their absorption parameter determination. The peak energy density w_(0P) of second harmonic pulses of a mode-locked titanium sapphire laser at wavelength λ_P = 400 nm is determined by nonlinear energy transmission measurement TE through the dye ADS084BE (1,4-bis(9-ethyl-3-carbazovinylene)- 2-methoxy-5-(2’-ethyl-hexyloxy)-benzene) in tetrahydrofuran. T_E(w_(0P)) calibration curves are calculated for laser pulse peak energy density reading w0P from measured pulse energy transmissions T_E. The ground-state absorption cross-section σ_P and the excited-state absorption cross-section σ_(ex) at λ_P, and the number density N_0 of the retinal Schiff base isoform RetA in pH 7.4 buffer of the blue-light adapted recombinant rhodopsin fragment of the histidine kinase rhodopsin HKR1 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii were determined by picosecond titanium sapphire second harmonic laser pulse energy transmission measurement T_E through RetA as a function of laser input peak energy density w_(0P). The complete absorption cross-section spectrum σ(λ) of RetA was obtained by absorption coefficient spectrum measurement α(λ) and normalization to the determined absorption cross-section σ_P at λ_P [σ(λ) = α(λ)σ_P/α_P].","PeriodicalId":14932,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation","volume":"1 1","pages":"19-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84194120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}