Journal of Alzheimer's Disease最新文献

{"title":"Associations between sleep and cognition among middle-aged and older adults in Europe.","authors":"Patrick Crowley, Mark R O'Donovan, Evelyn Flanagan, Rónán O'Caoimh","doi":"10.1177/13872877261481093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13872877261481093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundThe Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) is a longitudinal multi-country study of community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults including data on sleep and cognition.ObjectiveTo examine the cross-sectional association between sleep-related issues and cognition in the SHARE (pooling waves 8 and 9; 2019-2022).MethodsSubjective sleep data were obtained from SHARE waves 8 and 9. Objective data were available from wave 8. The SHARE Cognitive Instrument (SHARE-Cog) assessed cognition. Participants were divided into three groups: probable dementia, cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND), and normal cognition (NC). Survey-weighted generalized linear regression models were used to compare groups.Results88,889 interviews were included (55% females; mean age 68.88), categorized as: probable dementia 7%, CIND 12%, and NC 81%. While, in the unadjusted analysis, a characteristic 'inverted U' shaped association was observed between sleep duration and cognition, only the association between cognition and longer sleep durations ≥10 hours remained statistically significant after adjusting for potential confounders. Cognitive impairment was significantly associated with subjective reports of recent trouble sleeping, weekly use of medication to aid sleep, and daytime napping, although only the association with daytime napping remained statistically significant after adjusting for potential confounders.ConclusionsThis analysis confirmed an association between sleep duration ≥10 hours and lower cognitive scores among community-dwelling middle-aged and older Europeans. Cognitive impairment was also significantly associated with daytime napping. Further research is required to understand the clinical significance of these findings and establish the underlying causal relationships.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"13872877261481093"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential associations of individual- and neighborhood-level socioeconomic status with mortality in dementia: Findings from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging.","authors":"Jie Lin, Maria Vassilaki, Jennifer St Sauver, Ronald C Petersen, Chung Il Wi, Young J Juhn, Jun Chen, Yuk Sham, Sunghwan Sohn","doi":"10.1177/13872877261482043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13872877261482043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias are leading causes of death worldwide. While socioeconomic status (SES) is a critical determinant, its impact on mortality after diagnosis remains understudied.ObjectiveTo investigate the roles of neighborhood-level and individual-level SES in predicting mortality risk among older adults with incident dementia.MethodsWe analyzed data from 924 participants with incident dementia from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging (N = 6909), a cohort with clinical follow-up visits every 15 months. We assessed mortality risk using Cox's time-varying survival regression, adjusting for time-fixed and time-varying covariates. Primary predictors were neighborhood-level SES (Area Deprivation Index [ADI]) and individual-level SES (housing-based SES index [HOUSES], education, and occupation). We also applied a random survival forest model to assess the predictive contribution of SES indicators and identify influential predictors.Results857 participants (92.7%) died, with a median time from dementia diagnosis to death of 29 months (IQR: 12-54). Lower SES measured by HOUSES was associated with increased mortality risk (HR 1.28, 95% CI 1.07-1.52). Conversely, ADI, education, and occupation were not associated with mortality. Male sex, older age, congestive heart failure and diabetes were associated with higher mortality risk. In predictive analysis, HOUSES ranked among the top 10 contributors to mortality risk.ConclusionsAmong older adults with dementia, lower HOUSES was associated with higher mortality risk beyond neighborhood-level deprivation, education, and occupation. Integrating this housing-based individual-level SES measure into dementia care planning may help identify patients with greater socioeconomic vulnerability and inform mortality risk stratification.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"13872877261482043"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal CDR-Sum of Boxes trajectories in mild cognitive impairment reveal functional heterogeneity beyond cognitive decline: A latent class growth analysis.","authors":"Yeonsil Moon, Sang Won Seo, Min-Young Noh, Hee-Jin Kim, Hong Jun Jeon, Dayoung Kim, Kyoung Ja Kwon, Seol-Heui Han, Seung Hyun Kim","doi":"10.1177/13872877261481096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13872877261481096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundMild cognitive impairment (MCI) is clinically heterogeneous, yet most prognostic studies rely on binary conversion endpoints or expensive biomarkers unavailable in routine practice.ObjectiveTo identify trajectory classes of the Clinical Dementia Rating-Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB) progression in MCI using latent class growth analysis (LCGA) and to determine whether they capture clinically relevant variation not reducible to Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) trajectories.MethodsLCGA was applied to longitudinal CDR-SB data from 121 MCI patients (baseline global CDR = 0.5) with two or more serial assessments across up to eight visits at three tertiary hospitals. Models with one through four classes were compared using BIC, AIC, entropy and minimum class size, with annual MMSE change and dementia conversion (global CDR ≥ 1) as external validators.ResultsA four-class model was selected: Stable (n = 20, 16.5%; -0.08 per visit; 0% conversion), Slow (n = 46, 38.0%; +0.41 per visit; 47.8%), Moderate (n = 22, 18.2%; +0.75 per visit; 81.8%), and Fast (n = 33, 27.3%; +2.07 per visit; 100%); conversion-free survival differed across classes (log-rank p < 0.001). Two classes with near-identical MMSE decline differed markedly in CDR-SB slope and conversion. The stability of the Stable class persisted when all classes were restricted to their first two visits.ConclusionsIn this tertiary-care cohort, serial CDR-SB trajectory classification identified clinically meaningful MCI subgroups, including functional heterogeneity invisible to MMSE monitoring alone; pending external validation it may offer practical, low-cost prognostic value where biomarkers are unavailable.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"13872877261481096"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of baseline characteristics between cognitively normal and mild cognitive impairment and association of white matter hyperintensity trajectories with diagnostic outcomes, cognition, and amyloid-β protein: A longitudinal study.","authors":"Weili Ba, Cuiping Bao, Yi Gong, Zhenxing Liu, Jun Yang, Yiming Li","doi":"10.1177/13872877261482151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13872877261482151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundWhite matter hyperintensity (WMH) is linked to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and vascular dementia, but its longitudinal change as an independent risk factor remains unclear.ObjectiveThis study aims to compare baseline WMH across diagnostic outcomes, and evaluate how WMH trajectory relates to outcomes, cognition, and amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition.MethodsData from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) included demographics, medical history, WMH, diagnosis, cognition, and amyloid-PET. A total of 857 participants (372 cognitively normal [CN], 485 MCI) were categorized by diagnostic outcome. Baseline WMH differences were analyzed. WMH trajectories (higher/lower) were used in logistic models to predict outcomes, and in linear models to assess cognitive and Aβ changes, adjusting for age, sex, hypertension, BMI, education level, total brain volume and <i>APOE</i> ε4.ResultsBaseline WMH was significantly higher in the CN-MCI group compared to the CN-CN group and lower in the MCI-CN group than in the MCI-MCI and MCI-AD dementia groups (p < 0.05). Controlling for covariates, regression models found that CN participants with higher WMH trajectories had higher odds of MCI (OR = 3.710, 95%CI [1.836,7.499], p < 0.001), and that participants with higher WMH trajectories had greater impairments in domains of memory (β=-0.331, 95%CI[-0.454,-0.208], p < 0.001), executive function (β=-0.275, 95%CI[-0.370,-0.179], p < 0.001), and language (β=-0.248, 95%CI[-0.344,-0.152], p < 0.001). In [18F] florbetapir (FBP) tracers, increased Aβ deposition was also observed in higher WMH groups (β = 0.056, 95% CI[0.018,0.095], p = 0.004).ConclusionsWMH baseline and trajectory changes are key risk factors for CN cognitive decline. WMH trajectory changes are linked to cognitive function and brain Aβ deposition.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"13872877261482151"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-sectional associations of cumulative triglyceride-glucose index with cognitive function and mild cognitive impairment: Evidence from two community-based cohorts.","authors":"Lixin Ma, Yanjun Ma, Chaofan Geng, Ying Zhang, Zhibin Wang, Yiwei Zhao, Xue Gao, Yansu Guo, Lina Ma, Yi Tang","doi":"10.1177/13872877261482078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13872877261482078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundThe triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, implicated in cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD), but whether long-term TyG exposure is associated with cognitive health remains unclear.ObjectiveTo examine whether cumulative TyG index is associated with cognitive performance, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and follow-up cognitive performance in two community-based cohorts.MethodsWe analyzed adults aged ≥60 years in the Beijing Disability Risk and Ageing Monitoring Study (BEAM) and ≥45 years in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Cumulative TyG was estimated from four annual measurements (2020-2023) in BEAM and two measurements (2012 and 2015) in CHARLS. Cognitive outcomes were assessed in 2023 and 2015, respectively. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were applied.ResultsA total of 3857 participants were included, comprising 585 participants from BEAM (mean age 73.0 ± 5.1 years; 64.4% women) and 3272 participants from CHARLS (mean age 58.9 ± 8.8 years; 51.4% women). Higher cumulative TyG was associated with higher global cognitive scores in BEAM (<i>β</i>=0.11, 95% CI 0.02-0.20, p = 0.013) and CHARLS (<i>β</i>=0.13, 95% CI 0.05-0.23, p = 0.003). Higher cumulative TyG was also associated with lower odds of MCI (BEAM: OR = 0.85, 95% CI 0.73-0.98, p = 0.028; CHARLS: OR = 0.92, 95% CI 0.86-0.99, p = 0.041). However, cumulative TyG was not associated with follow-up cognitive performance after adjustment for baseline cognition.ConclusionsCumulative TyG was modestly associated with higher cognitive performance and lower odds of MCI in cross-sectional analyses, but not with follow-up cognitive performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"13872877261482078"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploratory factor and network analysis of 43 inflammatory plasma biomarkers and cognitive performance in Black adults.","authors":"Ramkrishna K Singh, Semere Bekena, Alexis I B Walker, Kaylin Taylor, Yiqi Zhu, Subrata Pal, Essa A Mohamed, Jean-Francois Trani, Ian Kaplan, Ganesh M Babulal","doi":"10.1177/13872877261481701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13872877261481701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundSystemic inflammation has been implicated in cognitive aging and neurodegeneration; however, inflammatory biomarkers are expressed in coordinated patterns rather than as isolated markers.ObjectiveTo identify latent inflammatory biomarker groupings and evaluate their associations with cognitive performance among midlife and older adults.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 334 participants from the Aging Research Characterizing Health Exposome via Social Drivers (ARCHES) study. Cognitive performance was assessed using the Preclinical Alzheimer Cognitive Composite (PACC). Plasma inflammatory biomarkers were quantified using the NuLISA™ multiplex immunoassay platform. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) (minimum residual extraction, oblimin rotation) identified latent inflammatory factors, retaining biomarkers with loadings ≥0.40. Factor scores were evaluated in multivariable linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, education, and genotype status; sensitivity analyses adjusted for socioeconomic context, medication use, BMI, lifestyle factors, and clinical diagnoses. Age-stratified and nonlinear spline analyses were conducted.Results27 of 43 biomarkers formed an eight-factor structure explaining 43% of variance. Two factors were significantly associated with cognitive performance after FDR correction. Factor 4 (CCL4, CXCL1, S100A12) and Factor 5 (IL2, IL5, IL13, IL10, CSF2) were inversely associated with PACC scores. These associations remained consistent across sensitivity analyses. Age-stratified analyses showed that several inflammatory factors were associated with cognitive performance among participants aged 45-<65 years, whereas no factors remained significant among participants aged ≥65 years after FDR correction. Nonlinear modeling indicated a non-linear age-cognitive performance relationship.ConclusionsEFA identified clusters of correlated inflammatory biomarkers associated with cognitive performance in this cohort of midlife and older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"13872877261481701"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148880337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-sectional associations of loneliness with plasma p-tau217 and neurofilament light chain in dementia-free older adults in the INSPIRE-T baseline cohort.","authors":"Claudie Hooper, Emmanuel González, Leonor Nogueira, Julien Delrieu, Nicola Coley, Maria Soto, Bruno Vellas, Sophie Guyonnet","doi":"10.1177/13872877261482077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13872877261482077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundLoneliness is the subjective feeling of social isolation and evidence suggests that it increases the risk for cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, studies examining the associations between loneliness and AD biomarkers are limited and inconclusive.ObjectiveWe sought to investigate the relationships between loneliness and plasma tau phosphorylated at threonine 217 (p-tau217) and plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL): peripheral biomarkers of central AD pathology.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional analysis of the 'INStitute for Prevention' 'healthy agIng' and 'medicine REjuvenative' 'Translational' (INSPIRE-T) baseline data. Participants were dementia-free (Mini-Mental State Exam score ≥ 24) community-dwellers aged ≥ 65 years (n = 434). Loneliness was assessed using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS^®) Item Bank v2.0, Short Form 8a questionnaire and plasma p-tau217 and plasma NfL were measured using Lumipulse immunoassays. Multiple linear regression was conducted to evaluate the relationships between loneliness (exposure) and plasma biomarkers (outcomes).ResultsLoneliness was not associated with plasma p-tau217 (β = 0.00458 [95% CI: -0.00328, 0.01243], p = 0.253) or plasma NfL (β = 0.00138 [95% CI: -0.00418, 0.00693], p = 0.626) in multiple linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, education, cognitive performance, depressive score, eyesight, hearing, and apolipoprotein ε4 (<i>APOE</i> ε4) status (model 2). There was no significant moderating effect of sex, depression, eyesight, hearing or <i>APOE</i> ε4 on these associations.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that loneliness is not associated with plasma p-tau217 or plasma NfL in dementia-free older adults. Perspective studies are warranted to examine these associations further.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"13872877261482077"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148880319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dual-branch time-frequency fusion network for EEG-based classification of Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia.","authors":"Xiaoli Yang, Xiao Li, Chenchen Wang, Angchao Duan, Jiayi Zhou, Jiawen Wang, Ziyan Jiang, Mengjie Li","doi":"10.1177/13872877261483197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13872877261483197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) exhibit substantial overlap in clinical manifestations and patterns of brain functional degeneration, which poses significant challenges for automated classification based on electroencephalography (EEG).ObjectiveThis study aims to develop an EEG-based framework capable of simultaneously capturing temporal dynamics and frequency-related characteristics of EEG signals for discrimination among AD, FTD, and cognitively normal (CN) subjects.MethodsA Dual-Branch Time-Frequency Fusion Network (DBTF-Net) based on routine clinical resting-state EEG recordings acquired under eyes-closed conditions is proposed. The model employs parallel temporal and frequency branches to process raw EEG time-series signals and their corresponding time-frequency representations. A global temporal dependency construction mechanism is introduced in the temporal branch to capture both local temporal patterns and long-range temporal dependencies. Feature-level fusion is then performed across the two branches to achieve a collaborative representation of multidimensional brain functional information. The proposed method was systematically evaluated on one three-class classification task (AD versus FTD versus CN) and multiple binary classification tasks.ResultsExperimental results from five-fold cross-validation at the epoch level show the classification accuracies of DBTF-Net as 86.36%±4.28%, 83.01%±6.15%, 92.13%±10.35%, and 88.74%±7.69%% for AD versus FTD versus CN, AD versus CN, FTD versus CN, and AD versus FTD, respectively.ConclusionsThe proposed DBTF-Net leverages temporal and time-frequency information in EEG signals and provides classification of AD and FTD. Visualization analysis further indicates that the model attends to disease-relevant discriminative patterns in time-frequency representations, enhancing the interpretability of its classification decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"13872877261483197"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148880227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational identification of novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitors as potential treatments for Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Sebastián Matallana Rincón, Fabián Orozco López, Johan F Galindo","doi":"10.1177/13872877261483260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13872877261483260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundAlzheimer's disease represents a major public health issue that affects millions of people worldwide. Although symptomatic treatments are available, they neither prevent nor halt disease progression; therefore, it is necessary to develop new therapeutic alternatives.ObjectiveTo identify acetylcholinesterase inhibitors with potential biological activity through a computational protocol.MethodsIn this study, a computational approach based on virtual screening, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations was applied to identify new potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.ResultsThe results allowed the identification of three compounds with higher binding affinities than donepezil, which was used as a reference. Among them, ligand code 24771824 stood out for establishing hydrophobic and aromatic interactions that maximize dispersive contributions and promote a rigid and stable conformation within the active site. In contrast, ligand codes 151171 and 21081761 were favored by more directional polar contacts, which increased specificity but limited the overall affinity toward the enzyme.ConclusionsAltogether, the free energy, structural fluctuation, hydrogen bond occupancy, and molecular clustering analyses suggest that 24771824 exhibits the most favorable energetic and dynamic behavior, consolidating it as the best candidate for future experimental validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"13872877261483260"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148880307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Memory, social cognition, and beyond: Neuropsychological markers differentiating Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia.","authors":"Jana Marie Freitag, Franz Felix Konen, Johannes Heck, Kirsten Jahn, Stefanie Groba, Martin Klietz, Thomas Skripuletz, Florian Wegner, Martin Schulze Westhoff, Sebastian Schröder","doi":"10.1177/13872877261480113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13872877261480113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundDistinguishing Alzheimer's disease (AD) from frontotemporal dementia (FTD) remains a major clinical challenge, particularly in early disease stages due to overlapping symptoms. Although neuropsychological assessment is central to diagnosis, brief cognitive screening instruments often emphasize episodic memory, whereas comprehensive neuropsychological assessment encompasses multiple cognitive domains. Nevertheless, social cognition and other relevant functions may remain underrepresented in routine clinical assessment.ObjectiveTo identify neuropsychological domains and test procedures that reliably differentiate AD from FTD and support differential diagnosis.MethodsA systematic PubMed literature search was conducted using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Original studies directly comparing neuropsychological performance in patients with AD and FTD were included. Owing to methodological heterogeneity, findings were synthesized narratively.ResultsA total of 322 records were identified, of which 80 studies met the inclusion criteria. A clear domain-specific pattern emerged. Episodic memory impairment, particularly delayed recall deficits, consistently distinguished AD from FTD, with poorer performance in AD. In contrast, deficits in social cognition, including theory of mind and emotion recognition, were more pronounced in FTD and were often detectable early in the disease course. Executive functions and language showed heterogeneous findings, with discriminative value depending on specific subdomains and FTD subtypes. Visuospatial functions and attention provided supportive but less consistent differentiation, while global screening instruments showed limited diagnostic specificity.ConclusionsDifferentiation between AD and FTD should not rely on single cognitive domains. The most clinically meaningful distinction is achieved through a multidimensional assessment integrating episodic memory, social cognition, and selected executive and behavioral measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"13872877261480113"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148880359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}