Journal of Alzheimer's Disease最新文献

{"title":"Development and validation of a predictive nomogram for mild cognitive impairment in middle-aged and elderly populations: A multi-module analysis integrating air quality and sociodemographic factors.","authors":"Jia Yu, Yang Yu, Mengmeng Li, Zhanxue Liu, Fengjun Yang","doi":"10.1177/13872877251378520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13872877251378520","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundGrowing evidence links air pollution to mild cognitive impairment (MCI), yet existing models often overlook environmental exposures. We developed a novel MCI nomogram integrating air pollution, sociodemographic, and clinical predictors for Chinese adults ≥ 45 years.ObjectiveTo develop and validate a personalized MCI risk assessment tool incorporating sociodemographic, clinical, and environmental factors.MethodsUsing the 2015 CHARLS cohort (n = 7702), we built two MCI prediction models with city- and county-level air pollution exposures. Model performance was assessed via discrimination (C-index, ROC), calibration, clinical utility (decision curves), predictive performance (net reclassification improvement, NRI and integrated discrimination improvement, IDI).ResultsThis study analyzed 7702 participants, randomly split into training (n = 5391) and validation (n = 2311) groups. Uni-variate analysis identified MCI risk in age ≥75 years, private medical insurance, married individuals and males. Multivariate analysis in Model 2 identified 13 key factors associated with MCI, among them age ≥75 years (OR = 5.437, 95%CI: 3.524-8.388, p < 0.001), private medical insurance (OR = 4.994, 95%CI: 2.340-11.337, p = 0.002), being mental disorders (OR = 2.210, 95%CI: 1.217-4.014, p < 0.001), males (OR = 0.638, 95%CI: 0.493-0.824, p = 0.04), PM₁₀ (OR = 1.059, 95%CI: 1.051-1.067, p < 0.001) and PM_2.5 (OR = 1.025, 95%CI: 1.013 -1.038, p < 0.001) as strongest predictors. Model 2 outperformed Model 1 with higher discrimination, better calibration, greater clinical utility and improved accuracy.ConclusionsThe validated nomogram enables individualized MCI risk stratification, supporting targeted community prevention strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"13872877251378520"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early detection of Alzheimer's disease: From multiplex assays and imaging to point of care devices and AI-based functional monitoring.","authors":"Stefan Teipel, Devesh Singh, Mark A Dubbelman, Genhua Pan, Yi Tang, Alexandra König","doi":"10.1177/13872877251383339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13872877251383339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The advent of disease-modifying treatments and risk-reduction strategies in the clinic have increased the demand for biomarkers for early disease detection, prediction of clinical course of disease, individual risk prediction and monitoring of treatment effects. The studies in this special issue span ultra-sensitive fluid assays and automated laboratory platforms, structural and molecular neuroimaging, electrophysiology, digital cognitive and behavioral monitoring, multi-omics, neuromodulation, and the computational frameworks necessary to integrate these diverse data.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"13872877251383339"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of music-based intervention on cognitive function and brain functional magnetic resonance imaging in people with mild Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Jihui Lyu, Wenbo Zhang, Jie De, Baochi Shan, Guangjuan Mao, Wenjing Jiang, Xiangjiang Rong, Wenjie Li, Mo Li, Yueqing Hu, Dongmei Jia, Wenchao Gao, Dongshuang Yang","doi":"10.1177/13872877251379419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13872877251379419","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundWith the accelerating global aging population, the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) continues to rise, while current pharmacological treatments remain limited in efficacy. Music intervention, as a safe and feasible non-pharmacological approach, has gained increasing clinical attention, though its mechanisms of action remain unclear.ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the effects of music intervention on cognitive function and brain network connectivity in people with mild AD, and to elucidate its neural mechanisms and provide evidence for clinical practice.MethodsA total number of 50 AD patients with mild dementia participated in the study. Participants were randomized to music-based intervention group (music-based intervention, 20 min, 3 times/week for 6 months) or control group (standard care). Assessments included Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), Word Fluency Test (WFT), World Health Organization-University of California, the Los Angeles Auditory Verbal Learning Test (WHO-UCLA-AVLT), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0.Results47 participants completed the study. The music-based intervention group showed significant improvements in MoCA, GDS, NPI, WFT, and WHO-UCLA-AVLT scores (p < 0.05), with no change in MMSE. fMRI revealed enhanced frontal-temporal connectivity and increased angular gyrus activity.ConclusionsMusic-based intervention improves cognitive and neuropsychiatric outcomes in people with mild AD, likely through enhanced brain connectivity. This approach is feasible, and it supports the optimization of music-based intervention in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"13872877251379419"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validity and reliability of the Italian version of the Mild Behavioral Impairment Checklist in cognitively unimpaired and mild cognitive impairment individuals.","authors":"Francesca Remelli, Federico Triolo, Giulia Grande, Maria Giorgia Barbieri, Elena Barbieri, Cristiana Galuppi, Giulia Pampolini, Stefano Volpato, Caterina Trevisan","doi":"10.1177/13872877251380299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13872877251380299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundThe Mild Behavioral Impairment Checklist (MBI-C) is a tool for detecting MBI, a neurobehavioral syndrome associated with an increased dementia risk.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Italian version of the informant-rated MBI-C in an outpatient sample of dementia-free individuals.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on 72 older people without dementia (n = 47, mild cognitive impairment; n = 25, cognitively unimpaired). During the visit, physicians administrated the MBI-C and Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire (NPI-Q) to the informant. Internal consistency of MBI-C was measured by the Cronbach's coefficient alpha and inter-domain correlation coefficients. Diagnostic performance of MBI-C for clinically identified MBI by ISTAART criteria was assessed through ROC analysis, identifying the optimal cut-off based on the Youden Index. Spearman's correlations were used to evaluate the concurrent validity of MBI-C with the NPI-Q, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Instrumental Activity of Daily Living (IADL) and 3-item UCLA Loneliness Scale.ResultsMBI-C showed high internal consistency (<math><mi>α</mi></math> = 0.867) and strong inter-domain correlation (<math><mi>ρ</mi></math> = 0.760 <math><mo>∼</mo></math> 0.859, p < 0.001). The Area Under the Curve (AUC) for detecting clinical MBI was 0.937 (95%CI: 0.865-0.972), with an optimal cut-off of 5.5 (sensitivity = 0.849, specificity = 0.876). The MBI-C total score strongly correlated with the NPI-Q total score (<math><mi>ρ</mi></math> = 0.820, p < 0.001). Only the MBI-C total score significantly correlated with the 3-item UCLA (<math><mi>ρ</mi></math> = 0.236, p = 0.046); no significant correlations were found with MMSE and IADL scores.ConclusionsThe Italian version of MBI-C demonstrated strong reliability, validity, and diagnostic performance. Therefore, MBI-C may be a suitable tool for assessing behavioral symptoms in dementia-free individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"13872877251380299"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bayesian predictive probability for binary outcomes in neurodegenerative diseases.","authors":"Carmen Viada, Martha Fors, Eliseo Capote, Yanela Santiesteban, Yuliannis Santiesteban, Daymys Estévez, Teresita Rodríguez, Leslie Pérez","doi":"10.1177/13872877251382608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13872877251382608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adaptive clinical trials enable modifications to the study design based on accumulating evidence. The Bayesian predictive probability approach offers a framework for estimating the likelihood of achieving a successful outcome in a future analysis, based on current interim data.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To estimate the predictive probability of success for binary outcomes in patients with Alzheimer's disease or Ataxia treated with NeuroEPO plus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective Bayesian analysis was conducted using data from exploratory phase II trials as prior information for confirmatory phase III trials in Alzheimer's disease. Predictive probabilities were calculated at interim points with sample sizes of 50, 100, 150, and 176 patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis demonstrated that the trial could have been stopped early due to a high probability of success or failures before reaching the full planned sample size.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bayesian predictive probability is a valuable tool for decision-making in rare diseases, particularly when alternative treatments are limited or ineffective, or when baseline heterogeneity affects outcomes unevenly. This approach enhances interim evaluations by incorporating historical or non-informative priors, allowing for more accurate and efficient trial designs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"13872877251382608"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological and economic burden of dementia in the Middle East and North African region.","authors":"Najeeb Qadi, Yara Alkhodair, Waad Alshammari, Amaal Aldakheel","doi":"10.1177/13872877251378454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13872877251378454","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundDementia is a global health challenge projected to nearly triple by 2050, especially in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Understanding its epidemiology and economic impact is vital for public health planning.ObjectiveThis systematic review aims to synthesize evidence on dementia, particularly the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease, its economic burden, and caregiving in MENA countries, to facilitate informed policy-making and effective resource allocation.MethodsWe performed a random-effects meta-analysis to determine the pooled prevalence of dementia from studies published between 2014 and 2025 in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Two reviewers independently selected and extracted data, assessing bias risk with the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. This review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024550935).ResultsTwelve studies met the criteria, showing dementia prevalence in MENA countries from 1.1% to 7.9%, with higher rates in Iran, Israel, and Lebanon, highlighting the need for public health campaigns. The annual estimated cost for those aged 50 and older is about USD 8.18 billion. Caregiving mainly fell to female family members, with larger socioeconomic impacts than in other regions.ConclusionsDementia is a growing public health concern in MENA, requiring improved healthcare infrastructure, increased caregiver support, and targeted research to fill knowledge gaps.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"13872877251378454"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the gap: Efficacy of combined therapies for cognitive, behavioral, and functional outcomes in Alzheimer's disease - results from a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","authors":"Chitima Boongird, Thunyarat Anothaisintawee, Worapong Tearneukit, Wannisa Wongpipathpong, Unyaporn Suthutvoravut, Masatha Thongpan, Natthakorn Pongsettakul, John Attia, Gareth J McKay, Sasivimol Rattanasiri, Ammarin Thakkinstian","doi":"10.1177/13872877251378354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/13872877251378354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundEvidence regarding efficacy of combined pharmaco- and non-pharmacotherapies and their comparative effectiveness for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is limited.ObjectiveTo estimate the comparative efficacy of pharmacotherapies, non-pharmacotherapies, and combined therapies for improving cognitive, behavioral, and functional outcomes in patients with AD.MethodsRelevant studies were identified from Medline via PubMed and Scopus databases (March 2021-December 2022). Randomized-controlled trials were eligible if they assessed the efficacy of pharmacotherapies, non-pharmacotherapies, or combined therapies in patients aged 60 years or older, and measuring cognitive, behavioral, or functional outcomes. A network meta-analysis was conducted to estimate relative treatment effects, and interventions were ranked using surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) curve. Confidence in the findings was evaluated using the Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis (CINeMA) framework.ResultsA total of 153 randomized-controlled trials were analyzed. Compared to placebo/usual care, donepezil plus cognitive therapy and rivastigmine plus cognitive rehabilitation significantly improved Mini-Mental State Examination scores. Behavioral outcomes were improved by rivastigmine plus cognitive stimulation, brain stimulation plus exercise, and occupational therapy. Functional status improved significantly with rivastigmine plus cognitive stimulation and exercise. Based on SUCRA ranking, rivastigmine plus cognitive rehabilitation ranked highest for cognitive improvement (92.8%), brain stimulation plus exercise ranked highest for the behavioral outcome (93.1%), and rivastigmine plus cognitive stimulation ranked highest for functional improvement (94.1%).ConclusionsDonepezil plus cognitive therapy and rivastigmine plus cognitive rehabilitation were the most effective treatments for improving cognitive outcomes. Rivastigmine plus cognitive stimulation ranked highest for both behavioral and functional outcomes, while exercise remains an important strategy for supporting daily functioning in patients with AD.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"13872877251378354"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening antiseizure medications to break the cycle between neuronal hyperexcitability and Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Aaron J Barbour","doi":"10.1177/13872877251364556","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13872877251364556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epilepsy is commonly comorbid with Alzheimer's disease and is now well established to accelerate disease course. In the present study, Knox and colleagues evaluated the efficacy of several antiseizure medications (ASMs) in mitigating seizure induction in two aged Alzheimer's disease mouse models with distinct etiologies. They found differential responses to seizure induction and ASM treatment across sexes and models. These results reveal a complex interplay between sex, Alzheimer's disease risk genes, and neuronal hyperexcitability that suggest a tailored approach to seizure control may maximize therapeutic benefit in Alzheimer's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"994-996"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12449591/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Planning for the future following receipt of Alzheimer's disease risk estimate among Latinos in New York City.","authors":"María Cabán, Evelyn Tran, Alicia Meng, John B Wetmore, Ruth Ottman, Karolynn Siegel","doi":"10.1177/13872877251365571","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13872877251365571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD), a debilitating incurable neurodegenerative disorder, causes progressive deterioration in memory, language, and problem solving. Thus, the prospect of a possible future with AD can raise significant concerns.ObjectiveTo investigate Latinos' concerns and actions or planning they undertook to address those concerns after receiving an estimate of their risk of developing late-onset AD by age 85.MethodsFollowing receipt of their AD risk information, we conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 191 Latinos aged 40-64 who participated in the Información de la Enfermedad de Alzheimer para Latinos (IDEAL) Study. Interviews were conducted in Spanish or English at 6 weeks, 9- and 15-months following risk disclosure.ResultsFifty-nine participants (30%) had begun planning for a possible future with AD. Some spoke to family members about not wanting to become a burden to them and requested to be placed in a nursing home if they developed AD. Some contemplated making changes to their retirement plans to ensure access to their informal support networks for future care needs. Others with future financial concerns started to save more money and investigate their social security/employee benefits. Several started to get their financial/legal affairs in order, discussed future care wishes with family, educated family about AD, and changed their life plans to ensure they did certain things while still cognitively intact.ConclusionsAD risk information may motivate Latinos to engage in planning for a possible future with AD, enabling them to retain a sense of personal control and prepare to deal with its consequences.<b>Clinical trial statement</b>ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04471779 Date Registered: July 15, 2020Registry Name: The IDEAL Study: Information About Alzheimer's Disease for Latinos in New York City.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"1226-1239"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144799163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The expression of insulin signaling and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor genes in areas of gray matter atrophy is associated with cognitive function in type 2 diabetes.","authors":"Shelli R Kesler, Heather Cuevas, Kimberly A Lewis, Oscar Y Franco-Rocha, Elena Flowers","doi":"10.1177/13872877251364906","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13872877251364906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundType 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with brain abnormalities and cognitive dysfunction, including increased risk for Alzheimer's disease. However, the mechanisms of T2DM-related dementia remain poorly understood.ObjectiveWe evaluated the molecular properties of gray matter atrophy and cognitive decline in T2DM.MethodsWe obtained retrospective data from the Mayo Clinic Study of Aging for 271 individuals with T2DM and 542 non-diabetic controls (age 51-89, 62% male). We identified regions of significant gray matter atrophy in the T2DM group and then determined which genes were significantly expressed in these brain regions using imaging transcriptomics. We selected 15 candidate genes involved in insulin signaling, lipid metabolism, amyloid processing, N-methyl-D-aspartate-mediated neurotransmission, and calcium signaling.ResultsThe T2DM group demonstrated gray matter atrophy in regions of the default mode, frontal-parietal, and sensorimotor networks (p < 0.05 cluster threshold corrected for false discovery rate, FDR). <i>IRS1, AKT1, PPARG, PRKAG2</i>, and <i>GRIN2B</i> genes were significantly expressed in these same regions (R² > 0.10, p < 0.03, FDR corrected). Bayesian network analysis indicated significant directional paths among all 5 genes as well as the Clinical Dementia Rating score. Directional paths among genes were significantly altered in the T2DM group (Structural Hamming Distance = 12, p = 0.004), with <i>PPARG</i> expression becoming more important in the context of T2DM-related pathophysiology.ConclusionsAlterations of brain transcriptome patterns occurred in the absence of significant cognitive deficit or cortical amyloid accumulation and in the context of lower incidence of <i>APOE4</i> genotype, potentially representing an early biomarker of T2DM-related dementia.</p>","PeriodicalId":14929,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Alzheimer's Disease","volume":" ","pages":"1054-1066"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12442454/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144835147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}