Journal of animal science最新文献

{"title":"Zearalenone Triggers Programmed Cell Death and Impairs Milk Fat Synthesis via the AKT-mTOR-PPARγ-ACSL4 Pathway in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells","authors":"Zifeng Ma, Qiao Li, Hongmei Xu, Yueyue Li, Shujin Wang, Yan Xiong, Daoliang Lan, Jian Li, Xianrong Xiong, Wei Fu","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae276","url":null,"abstract":"Zearalenone (ZEN), a mycotoxin from Fusarium fungi, impairs fertility and milk production in female animals, however, the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Using the bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) as the model, this study investigated the impacts of ZEN on programmed cell death (PCD) and milk fat synthesis, and explored the underlying mechanism. We found that 10 ng/mL prolactin (PRL) notably enhanced the differentiation of MAC-T cells, promoting the expression of genes related to the synthesis of milk fat, protein, and lactose. Next, the toxic effects of different doses of ZEN on the differentiated MAC-T with PRL treatment were determined. 10 μM and 20 μM ZEN significantly reduced cell viability, induced oxidative stress, and triggered PCD (e.g. apoptosis and necrosis). Notably, ZEN exposure downregulated the mRNA/protein levels of critical factors involving in milk fat synthesis by disrupting the AKT-mTOR-PPARγ-ACSL4 pathway. Interestingly, melatonin (MT), known for its antioxidant properties, protected against the above ZEN-induced effects by enhancing the binding of PPARγ to the promoter regions of ACSL4, which led to the upregulated expression of ACSL4 gene. These results underscored the potential of MT to mitigate the adverse effects of ZEN on mammary cells, highlighting a way for potential therapeutic intervention.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142236646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the effects of shrimp hydrolysate as a dietary ingredient in healthy adult Beagle dogs","authors":"Joana Guilherme-Fernandes, António J M Fonseca, Tiago Aires, Sofia A C Lima, Margarida R G Maia, Ana R J Cabrita","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae280","url":null,"abstract":"To be more sustainable, the pet food industry could increase inclusion of animal by-products from the human food chain and fish hydrolysates have been reported to benefit dogs’ health. However, there is limited research on the impact of alternative marine hydrolysates in dog food. The current study evaluated the effects of including shrimp hydrolysate as replacement for wheat gluten (experimental diet) in an extruded complete diet (control diet) on diet palatability, intake, digestibility, fecal characteristics and metabolites, oral volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) and coat quality in dogs. Palatability of diets was assessed in a two-bowl test, conducted with twelve healthy adult Beagle dogs. No differences were observed in first approach, first taste or intake ratio. A randomized block design lasting 12 weeks were performed with 12 dogs distributed into six blocks, according to sex and body weight; one dog from each block was randomly allocated to each diet. Fecal characteristics and metabolites were measured in weeks 0, 4, 8, and 12, VSC and coat quality in weeks 4, 8 and 12, and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and energy in week 12. The inclusion of shrimp hydrolysate did not affect intake, but increased fecal output (dry matter, DM, basis, P < 0.05). Fecal butyrate concentration was lower (P < 0.05) in dogs fed the experimental diet. The inclusion of shrimp hydrolysate did not affect ATTD of nutrients and energy, and VSC. Both diets promoted high coat quality. The experimental diet decreased gloss and general evaluation scores in week 4 (P < 0.05), but improved scale score in weeks 4 and 12 (P < 0.05). Overall, the findings indicate the potential of including shrimp hydrolysate in diets for dogs, fostering a more sustainable industry.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142245334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"438 DNA methylation patterns and transcriptional regulation during pig fetal skeletal muscle development","authors":"Catherine W Ernst","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.119","url":null,"abstract":"Fetal development is controlled by a complex cascade of highly regulated and coordinated gene expression patterns. Epigenetic mechanisms have important roles in regulating development and differentiation. Among such mechanisms, DNA methylation exhibits context-specific associations with gene expression and has been shown to be highly dynamic during developmental processes. We performed whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) to assess DNA methylation in pig longissimus dorsi muscle at 41- and 70-d gestation (dg), as well as RNA- and small RNA-sequencing to identify coordinated changes in methylation and expression between myogenic stages. We identified 45,739 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between stages, and the majority (n = 34,232) were hypomethylated at 70 vs. 41 dg. Developmental DMRs exhibited feature-specific enrichment in gene regulatory regions, as well as in regions proximal to micro-RNAs (miRNAs) that have known roles in myogenesis. Integration of methylation and transcriptomic data revealed strong associations between differential gene methylation and transcript abundance. We surveyed myogenic regulatory factor (MRF) genes to determine if differential methylation was present in expected genomic regions. Within the MYF5 and MYF6 locus, MYF5 was significantly promoter-hypermethylated at 70 dg, whereas MYF6 was significantly hypomethylated upstream of its transcription start site. MYF5 is the earliest MRF to be expressed and primarily functions in myoblast proliferation and determination, while MYF6 functions in muscle cell differentiation. Thus, these patterns were consistent with expected downregulation of MYF5 and upregulation of MYF6 as muscle development progresses and demonstrate that differential methylation is evident at myogenic transcription factors. Differential miRNA methylation was significantly negatively correlated with abundance, and dynamic expression of assayed miRNAs persisted postnatally. Motif analysis revealed significant enrichment of myogenic regulatory factor motifs among hypomethylated regions, suggesting that DNA hypomethylation may function to increase accessibility of muscle-specific transcription factors. We also show that developmental DMRs are enriched for GWAS SNPs associated with muscle physiology and meat quality traits, demonstrating the potential for epigenetic processes to influence phenotypic diversity. Our results enhance understanding of DNA methylation dynamics in pig fetal skeletal muscle and reveal putative cis-regulatory elements governed by epigenetic processes during porcine myogenesis.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"440 The effects of reducing dietary nutrient density after the second dose of GnRF immunization (Improvest) on growth performance and carcass characteristics of gilts and intact males","authors":"Benjamin M Bohrer, Blaine Hansen, Steve Pollmann, Jose Landero, Malachy Young","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.294","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives were to determine the effects of reducing dietary nutrient density after the second dose of GnRF immunization (Improvest; Zoetis Inc.) on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Pigs (n = 1,008) were fed in five diet phases during the 102-d grow-finish period. Diets were formulated to meet 100% of recommended SID Lys to net energy established by PIC (2021) for physically castrated (PC) barrows/non-immunized gilts (regular diet), while diets for GnRF-immunized pigs were formulated with 120% SID lysine than PC barrows/ non-immunized gilts (nutrient-dense diet). During diet phase-4 (2 d after the second GnRF analogue dose), SID lysine and vitamins/trace minerals for the nutrient-dense diet were either maintained at 100% or reduced to 95% or 90%. During diet phase-5 (18 d after second GnRF analogue dose), SID lysine and vitamins/trace minerals nutrient-dense diet were either maintained at 100% or reduced to 90% or 80%. The study consisted of six pen replications (21 pigs/pen) of the following eight treatments: CON-NEG: traditional mixed-sex pigs (PC barrows and non-immunized gilts) that received the regular diet; CON-POS: traditional mixed-sex pigs that received the nutrient-dense diet; I-MALE-100: immunized males (I-MALES) that received the nutrient-dense diet with 100% density; I-MALE-95/90: I-MALES that received the nutrient-dense diet with 95% density during diet phase-4 and 90% density during diet phase-5; I-MALE-90/80 I-MALES that received the nutrient-dense diet with 90% density during diet phase-4 and 80% density during diet phase-5; I-FEM-100: immunized females (I-FEM) that received the nutrient-dense diet with 100% density; I-FEM-95/90: I-FEM that received the nutrient-dense diet with 95% density during diet phase-4 and 90% density during diet phase-5; I-FEM-90/80: I-FEM that received the nutrient-dense diet with 90% density during diet phase-4 and 80% density during diet phase-5. Data were analyzed with PROC MIXED of SAS, with pen serving as the experimental unit. In addition, linear effects of diet dilution for I-MALE and I-FEM pigs were tested using contrast statements. There were not significant linear effects of diet dilution for gain:feed or hot carcass weight in either the I-MALE (P > 0.28) or I-FEM (P > 0.78) pigs. For the overall period, gain:feed was improved by 7.4% for I-MALE pigs compared with the CON-NEG pigs and was improved by 1.6% for the I-FEM pigs compared with the CON-NEG pigs. Hot carcass weight was 3.6 kg greater for the I-MALE pigs compared with the CON-NEG pigs and 1.6 kg greater for the I-FEM pigs compared with the CON-NEG pigs. The results would suggest that removing nutrients during the post-second dose period of GnRF immunization does not negatively affect growth performance or carcass characteristics, while both I-MALE and I-FEM pigs are more efficient and heavier when compared with traditional mixed sex pigs.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSII-7 Development and assessment of a mobility scoring system for beef cattle","authors":"Paula Olivares Guzman, Karen S Schwartzkopf-Genswein, Danisa Bescucci, Jose Ortiz Guluarte, Hardeep S Ryait, Majid Mohajerani, Robert Sutherland, Joyce Van Donkersgoed","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.490","url":null,"abstract":"Lameness is a disruption of normal gait due to infection, injury, or abnormal conformation, causing pain and discomfort. Several scoring systems have been developed to determine lameness severity; a key indicator in deciding if an animal is fit to withstand transport. However, most scoring systems were developed for dairy cattle and may not be suited for use in feedlot cattle due to the large genetic variation between beef breeds as well as the highly variable environment in which they are housed. Lack of consistency when scoring lameness and reduced ability to detect early lame cattle can result in poor animal welfare and increased costs. The objectives of this study were 1) to develop a mobility scoring system that aids in transport decisions for beef cattle, and 2) to determine observer repeatability using this scoring system. Over a 7-mo period, video cameras were placed in an alley to record the ambulation of individual cattle exiting the processing barn at 4 commercial feedlots in Southern Alberta. Cameras were set to record whole-body videos of cattle walking, running, or trotting. Five researchers trained to use this mobility scoring system, individually evaluated 174 cattle from the collected videos, for fitness for transport and the presence/absence of gait abnormalities: shortness of stride, stiffness (mild, moderate, or severe), limp (mild, moderate, or severe), hip hike, head dropped, head bob, arched back, non-weight bearing, or reluctance to move. The mobility scoring system used was a modified (NCBA and Zinpro) 4-point scale (0-3) for locomotion: 0) an animal with no gait abnormalities; 1) an animal with mild stiffness and shortness of stride; 2) an animal with difficulty taking some steps and one or more of the following: severe stiffness, limp favoring affected limb, limps with a head bob when walking but still bears weight; and 3) an animal reluctant or unable to move, bearing little or no weight on affected limb, the head of the animal is dropped and back arched with pronounced head bob and severe limp detected, or incoordination. Fitness for transport was scored as fit, compromised, or unfit according to the humane transportation guidelines of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency. A kappa statistic was calculated to assess inter-observer reliability for both mobility and transport fitness scoring systems as well as gait abnormalities. The combined mobility scores had substantial agreement between observers (Κ = 0.63; P < 0.001). Mobility score of 2 had the highest agreement among all variables (Κ = 0.88; P < 0.001), followed by head bob (Κ = 0.85; P < 0.001), and arched back (Κ = 0.76; P < 0.001). Results of this study will aid in the development of a mobility score that improves industry stakeholder agreement regarding lameness severity and transport loading decisions.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSIV-15 Effect of transient fetal bovine viral diarrhea virus infection on postnatal growth, estimated dry matter digestibility, glucose concentrations, and carcass characteristics","authors":"Alexandra C Miller, Huey Yi Loh, Erlene Chek, Octavio Guimaraes, Tyler A Thomas, Meghan P Thorndyke, Hana Van Campen, Jess N Kincade, Thomas R Hansen, Terry E Engle","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.525","url":null,"abstract":"Fetal infection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) before d 125 to 150 of gestation results in the birth of immunotolerant, persistently infected (PI) calves. Infection of BVDV during late gestation results in transient fetal infections (TI). Unvaccinated, yearling Hereford heifers (n = 25), seronegative for antibodies to BVDV1 and BVDV2, were bred by artificial insemination with X chromosome-bearing sperm from an Angus sire to examine the impact of TI on postnatal growth, estimated dry matter digestibility, blood glucose concentrations, and carcass characteristics. On d 175 of pregnancy, heifers were intranasally inoculated with either DMEM + 2% horse serum (sham control) to generate control calves or 4.0 log TCID50 noncytopathic type2 BVDV to generate TI calves. All sham-inoculated control dams remained seronegative, and all BVDV-inoculated dams seroconverted by d 14 post-inoculation. Sham-inoculated control dams (n = 12) and BVDV-inoculated dams (n = 12) gave birth to live calves. All control offspring were seronegative, and all TI offspring were seropositive for antibodies to type 2 BVDV at birth. All offspring were raised on pasture until weaning. At weaning, all calves were transported to our feedlot research facility, housed in one group feedlot pen, and transitioned to a high-energy concentrate-based diet until reaching an approximate BW of 600 kg. Upon arrival at the feedlot, all animals received a standard heifer growth implant, a modified live viral vaccine containing IBR-BRSV-PI3 and were dewormed. Heifer BW and jugular blood samples were collected every 28 d. On d 84 of the feeding period, titanium dioxide was added to the diet of 12, age-paired, individually fed, heifers (3 control and 3 TI heifers; approximately 1 yr of age) for 28 d and used to estimate dry matter digestibility. After approximately 280 d on feed heifers were transported to a USDA-inspected abattoir and harvested. The TI heifers had lighter birth weights (P < 0.03) and final BW (P < 0.04) when compared with control heifers. Average daily gain was greater (P < 0.01) in control compared with TI heifers. Blood glucose concentrations were similar between control and TI heifers at all sampling time points. Dry matter intake of individually fed heifers was similar across treatments. TI heifers had a 2.2% lesser (P < 0.05) dry matter digestibility and lighter (P < 0.01) hot carcass weights compared with controls. These data suggest that TI fetal BVDV infection negatively impacts growth throughout the feeding period, possibly by impacting gastrointestinal tract function. This research was supported by USDA-NIFA Grant # 2019-67015-29866.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSV-19 Uncovering breed-origin allele effects and their role in thermotolerance through genome-wide association study in Brangus cattle","authors":"Gabriel A Zayas, Camila Santos Rojas, Aakilah Hernandez, Eduardo E Rodriguez, Ashley Beard, Fahad Rafiq, Kaitlyn Sarlo Davila, Raluca Mateescu","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.584","url":null,"abstract":"In subtropical and tropical environments, beef cattle production faces significant challenges due to heat stress, affecting animal welfare and productivity. To mitigate these effects, producers have turned to crossbreeding and the development of composite breeds like Brangus, which combine the desirable carcass and meat quality traits of European taurine cattle with the thermotolerance of Indicine breeds. However, the genetic underpinnings of thermotolerance in these composite populations are not well understood, owing to the complex nature of measuring related traits and the genetic intricacies arising from crosses of distinct populations. This study aims to identify key quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to thermotolerance, employing an approach that integrates genetic markers alongside the marker’s breed of origin of alleles (BOA) in Brangus heifers. Data were collected on histological sweat gland area (SWA), hair length (HL), and thermal stress slope as a measure of the increase in body temperature from a low to a high temperature-humidity index (TSS), from 2,233 Brangus heifers genotyped with the 250K functional chip. BOA was determined using LAMP-LD software, using Angus and Brahman cattle from the University of Florida’s multibreed Angus-Brahman project as a reference population. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) incorporating BOA-specific effects, revealing several genes with BOA-specific effects. Notably, the CGGBP1 gene exhibited a significant effect on TSS only when alleles originated from Brahman. Conversely, the PLK1 gene was significant for TSS when alleles originated from Angus. Both CGGBP1 and PLK1 interact with heat shock proteins during heat stress, these findings reveal different genetic mechanisms for controlling internal body temperature. For HL, a significant Brahman-specific effect was found near the PRLR gene, which is known as the gene controlling the SLICK hair phenotype in Criollo cattle. For SWA, an Angus-specific significant association was found with the PDE4D gene. PDE4D interacts with the cAMP pathway which regulates sweat gland growth and sweat production. These findings underline the genetic complexity of thermotolerance in composite cattle and the crucial role of BOA in identifying key QTL. The study offers novel insights into the genetic mechanisms of thermotolerance, providing a foundation for breeding strategies aimed at improving heat resilience in cattle in subtropical and tropical environments.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSVII-9 Improvement of feed efficiency in Korean Hanwoo cattle: investigation of feed intake and analysis of residual feed intake (RFI)","authors":"Mina Park, Ha-Seung Seong, Jeong-Il Won, Seung-Soo Lee, Chang-Gwon Dang, Jae-Gu Lee, Jaebeom Cha, Sang-Min Lee, Mahboob Alam","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.506","url":null,"abstract":"Feed efficiency is an important economic trait in beef cattle production, and improving feed efficiency can reduce production costs and environmental impact. Residual feed intake (RFI) is a useful measure of individual feed efficiency, representing the difference between the actual feed intake of an animal and its predicted feed intake based on its body weight (BW) and growth. This study aimed to investigate feed intake and analyze RFI in Hanwoo cattle to improve feed efficiency. Data were collected from 120 Hanwoo steers (9 to 11 mo old) from six different test stations across the country. Individual daily feed intake of concentrates and forage was recorded over 70 d, and BW was measured at the beginning and end of the feeding trial. Daily feed intake was calculated using the TDN values of the concentrates and forage. Expected feed intake was estimated using a linear regression model based on metabolic BW and daily gain. RFI was calculated as the difference between expected and actual feed intake. Average daily gain ranged from 1.05 to 1.71 kg/d, and average daily feed intake ranged from 5.10 to 7.72 kg/d across the test stations. RFI values ranged from -0.84 to 0.95 kg/d, indicating significant variation in feed efficiency among the animals. This study provides valuable information on feed intake and RFI in Hanwoo cattle. Further research with a larger dataset is needed to develop a genetic evaluation model for RFI and to select animals with superior feed efficiency for improving Hanwoo cattle production.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSLBI-17 Total sulfur amino acid requirements across the canine life cycle in Labrador Retrievers using the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) technique","authors":"Sarah M Dickerson, Claire L Timlin, Fiona B McCracken, Jason W Fowler, craig n coon","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.712","url":null,"abstract":"Methionine and cysteine are the principal sulfur-containing amino acids that are incorporated into proteins, although homocysteine and taurine also have important physiological roles in canines. As limited studies have been conducted for total sulfur-containing amino acids (TSAA) requirements across the canine life cycle, our objective was to determine the minimum requirements (MR) for TSAA at 4 life stages using the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) technique. Labrador Retrievers (n = 24) were used in feeding studies to evaluate the changing requirements of TSAA as dogs mature: 6 puppies aged 10 to 14 wk, 6 puppies >14 wk to 9 mos, 6 adults 2 to 5 yr (yr), and 6 seniors > 8yr. Following a 2-d adaptation to a TSAA-adequate basal diet (TSAA = 1.12% dry matter), dogs underwent individual IAAO studies. In brief, all dogs were randomly fed one of six test diets with varying levels of TSAA ranging from deficient to sufficient (final TSAA content in experimental diets were 0.41, 0.46, 0.51, 0.98, 1.05, and 1.12% dry matter, with indispensable amino acids formulated at 1.6x NRC values). The test diet was divided into 13 equal meals; at the 5th meal, a tracer amino acid was included (a bolus L-[1-13C] phenylalanine based on body weight was first given, followed by [1-13C] Phe doses every 30 spanning 4 h). Breath samples were collected via a respiration mask every 30 min. Total CO2 production was determined via indirect calorimetry and production of 13CO2 at each dose was measured by enrichment of 13C in breath samples via isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Results for IRMS data were converted to atom percent excess (APE) and analyzed using segmented linear regression. The Four Rivers mean and population requirements for TSAA were estimated to be 1.55 ± 0.069 g/1,000 kcal (mean ± 2 SD) for puppies 10 to 14 wk, 1.53 ± 0.21 g/1,000 kcal (mean ± 2 SD) for puppies 14 wk to 9 mo, 1.4 ± 0.30 g/1000 kcal (mean ± 2 SD) for adults 2 to 5 yr, and 1.27 ± 0.23 g/1,000 kcal (mean ± 2 SD) for seniors. These results may contribute to the formulation of diets that meet the age-appropriate requirements of TSAA for large-breed dogs at all life stages.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"31 Sustainable livestock, sustainable future: Why we need a toolkit of solutions to improve sustainability in animal agriculture","authors":"Frank Mitloehner","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.301","url":null,"abstract":"Meat and dairy will continue to be an essential part of diets around the world, but as demand increases so does pressure to reduce the environmental impact of farming. There is no single solution that will allow the global community to meet demand and improve sustainability in our food system. We will need a toolkit of solutions to meet the needs of producers in various regions and production systems.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142231477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}