Journal of animal science最新文献

{"title":"Tannic acid-mediated gut microbes for enhanced intestinal immunity in Escherichia coli-challenged weaned piglets.","authors":"Wentao Zhou,Chenyu Wang,Qian Jian,Hui Zhou,Zhimin An,Yanzhong Feng,Heshu Chen,Yang Qin,Ting Yao,Hongbiao Liu,Zhiwei Kong,Yulong Yin,Liuqin He,Tiejun Li,Wenjie Tang","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf342","url":null,"abstract":"Tannic acid (TA) has astringent functions and prevents diarrhea in piglets. This study investigated the mechanism of different TA levels (0, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.25%) in low-protein diets on growth performance and intestinal barrier function by regulating gut microbiota in weaned piglets challenged with Escherichia coli (E. coli). We found that low-protein dietary supplemented with different levels of TA enhanced the growth performance of weaned piglets to some degree (P < 0.10) and significantly reduced the incidence of diarrhea under both normal and E. coli-challenged conditions (P < 0.05), but its effects on nutrient digestibility in piglets were not significant (P > 0.05). The addition of 0.05% TA effectively preserved intestinal morphological integrity and decreased serum LPS, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels, as well as increasing serum IgM and IgA concentrations in E. coli K88-challenged piglets (P < 0.05). Moreover, TA supplementation increased gene expression related to tight junctions and water channels in the ileum or colon, as well as inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB inflammatory pathway in the ileum (P < 0.05). Additionally, dietary TA supplementation altered the diversity and structural composition of microbes in the colonic chyme of E. coli K88-induced piglets. At the genus level, TA treatment increased the abundance of Ruminococcaceae_UCG_005, Ruminococcaceae_UCG_002, and Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group, while E. coli challenge decreased Lachnospiraceae_XPB1014_group and Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group abundance, and the abundance of these differentially microorganisms was significantly correlated with immune parameters (P <0.05). These results indicated that adding 0.05% TA to low-protein diets without antibiotics could alleviate E. coli infection and improve immunity in piglets by regulating gut microbiota and the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. This study provides a novel nutritional strategy utilizing TA as a promising antibiotic alternative in low-protein diets to combat post-weaning diarrhea and promote intestinal health in piglets.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145241100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manipulating early-life environment and handling alters growth trajectories, immune and stress responses, clinical indicators, and intestinal health in young pigs.","authors":"Kaitlyn M Sommer, Zimu Li, Ryan N Dilger","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stressors are factors that disrupt homeostasis; in pigs this includes challenges in sow management, human interaction, and weaning. These typically occur in the first month of life, compromising welfare and decreasing growth and increasing mortality. This study investigated the impact of early-life stressors on pig growth, immune response, and coping ability. The study utilized a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with factors including rearing environment [2 levels; sow-reared (SR) or artificially-reared (AR)] and handling (2 levels; handled for 2 min daily or weekly). Therefore, 72 pigs (38 gilts and 34 boars) were allotted to 1 of 4 treatments on postnatal day (PND) 2 based on their litter of origin and body weight (BW): 1) SR-W (sow-reared, weekly-handled); 2) SR-D (sow-reared, daily-handled); 3) AR-W (artificially-reared, weekly-handed); and 4) AR-D (artificially-reared, daily-handled). AR pigs were housed individually with ad libitum access to reconstituted milk replacer, while SR pigs were group housed and received all nutrients from the sow. On PND 21, rearing environment and handling interventions ended, and pigs were transferred to group nursery pens according to their original treatment assignment. One week later, on PND 28, all pigs received a 5ug/kg of BW injection of lipopolysaccharide to stimulate an innate immune response. On PND 35, all pigs were euthanized to permit sample collection. Data were analyzed using a 2-way ANOVA via the MIXED procedure of SAS. During PND 2-21, AR pigs had greater (P < 0.05) BW gain than SR pigs. Consequently, AR pigs had the heaviest (P < 0.05) BW on PND 21 and 35 compared with SR pigs. However, SR pigs exhibited higher (P < 0.05) feed efficiency during PND 21-35 compared with AR pigs. As a classic marker of stress, fecal secretory immunoglobulin A concentrations were highest (P < 0.05) in SR pigs compared with AR pigs on PND 21. On PND 35, daily-handled pigs exhibited longer (P < 0.05) small intestinal tract length than weekly-handled pigs. Furthermore, SR pigs had increased (P < 0.05) absolute and relative ileal weights, but lower (P < 0.05) absolute duodenal mass compared with AR pigs. Lastly, daily-handled pigs displayed increased (P < 0.05) TNF-α, IL-1β, and occludin mRNA expression relative to weekly-handled pigs, while AR pigs had increased (P < 0.05) mRNA expression of IFN-γ and IL-1β compared with SR pigs. In conclusion, early-life rearing environment and handling frequency influenced growth, immune and stress response, clinical indicators, and intestinal health.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145238669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive evaluation of a pea co-product for piglet nutrition: fibre content, protein digestion, and intestinal barrier function","authors":"Maurane Grondin, Messan Kokouvi Djakpa, Frédérique Mayeur-Nickel, Sandra Wiart-Letort, Lucie Le Bot, Frédéric Dessauge, Myriam M -L Grundy","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf344","url":null,"abstract":"In pig production, weaning is a critical period associated with digestive intestinal disorders, due to the diet and environmental changes. The incorporation of transitional diets with high fibre and protein content represents a promising nutritional strategy to support piglets during the weaning period. This study examined the in vitro protein digestion and physicochemical properties of a co-product of interest for piglet at weaning: pea cream. The main objectives were i) to characterise pea cream in detail, focusing on its dietary fibre content, ii) to investigate in vitro the hydrolysis of its proteins, and iii) to examine the effect of pea cream digesta on intestinal barrier function using intestinal porcine epithelial cell lines (IPEC-J2). The composition in polysaccharides and the degradation of the pea cell wall were evaluated using biochemical and biophysical methods. The pea proteins from the pea cream were digested using an in vitro model of digestion simulating the upper gastrointestinal tract of pigs (based on the INFOGEST protocol). The obtained digesta were detoxified and then applied to IPEC-J2 cells. The results showed that pea cream was rich in dietary fibres, mainly insoluble, and contained approximately 4.6% protein (on an as fed-basis - 76.9% moisture). The in vitro protein digestibility of pea cream was high, with a significant release of proteins into the aqueous phase of the digesta earlier on during the digestion process. Microscopy revealed that some proteins remained encapsulated within cell wall fragments even after 6 h of digestion. The exposure of IPEC-J2 cells to detoxified pea cream digesta did not compromise the intestinal barrier integrity, as assessed by the passage of labelled molecules (FD4 and lucifer yellow) and the analysis of tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and occludin). In conclusion, pea cream presents several characteristics that make it a promising candidate for improving piglet weaning. It is a potential source of easily hydrolysable proteins, and its dietary fibres appear to maintain intestinal barrier function in the small intestine.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145235377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSVI-25 Bioforensics: what can be learned from near infrared spectroscopy of cattle nasal surface tissue?","authors":"Douglas R Tolleson","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf300.571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf300.571","url":null,"abstract":"Forensic scientists have long recognized the value of unique patterns in human fingerprints as a means of identification. Recently, biochemical information associated with sweat and other exudates from human skin have also proved to be informative. Characteristics such as sex, age, and tobacco or drug use can be gleaned from fingerprints. Like human fingerprints, cattle nose prints are also individually unique, and their nasal surface tissue is covered by similar exudates. We hypothesized that cattle nasal surface chemistry will be influenced by internal homeostasis or departure therefrom. Our objective was to apply portable near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to examine cattle nasal surface chemistry in groups with known or expected physiologic, and or metabolic differences. Near infrared spectra (1000-2500 nm) were obtained with an ASD Field Spec Pro equipped with a fiber optic probe from: 1) mature free ranging beef cows (n = 25) in fall of 2023 and 2024, 2) growing beef calves (n = 7 steers, 7 heifers) at two ages (3 and 7 months), and 3) weaned beef calves (n = 15) before and after transportation (~6 hours) from a pasture to a dry lot facility. Nasal plate NIR spectra were collected by placing the probe directly on the nasal surface tissue during routine health or management-oriented working events. Differences in spectra between groups were determined by principal component and partial least squares (PLS) regression procedures. Statistical significance was set at P &amp;lt; 0.05. Results for PLS predicted group membership are presented in Table 1. In all 3 studies, nasal surface tissue chemistry (as indicated by NIR spectra) was different between the treatment groups and can be attributed to differences in nutritional state, sex, or stress response. Cattle nasal surface chemistry is thus indicative of internal metabolic and physiologic processes. Future studies will be designed to discern individual animal differences due to pre-clinical respiratory infections and or feed efficiency.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSXIV-20 In vivo evaluation of enteric methane production in sheep fed diets composed of agro-industrial by-products.","authors":"Marya Fernanda Santos da Silva, Laura B De Vecchi, Vivian Evangelista, Jeraldine Bastidas, Vagner Ovani, Simón Perez-Marquez, Rogério Martins Maurício, Helder Louvandini, Adibe L Abdalla","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf300.618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf300.618","url":null,"abstract":"Reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in livestock production is one of the major challenges in tropical animal agriculture. This study evaluated the use of Tithonia diversifolia (TD), a high-nutritional-value forage species with low agronomic requirements, combined with agro-industrial by-products, as a strategy to formulate sustainable diets for sheep. The objective was to investigate the effects of these diets on a sustainable production and enteric methane (CH₄) emissions. Four experimental diets were tested: three containing different combinations of agro-industrial by-products and one control diet composed of conventional ingredients (ground corn and soybean meal). The in vivo experiment was conducted with four Santa Inês rams in a 4×4 Latin square design, with four periods of 21 days each (14 days of diet adaptation and 7 days of data collection). Animals were housed in metabolism cages adapted for gas collection, enabling the evaluation of nutrient digestibility and GHG emissions. Preliminary results showed significant variations in methane emissions among the diets. Diet D2, consisting of TD, Tifton hay, ground corn, soybean meal, cassava bagasse, and sunflower meal, resulted in the highest CH₄ emission (22.87 L/d; 0.932 L/kg⁰·⁷⁵). In contrast, the control diet D0, with no by-products, presented the lowest emission (14.84 L/d; 0.618 L/kg⁰·⁷⁵). Diet D3, which included brewer’s yeast, showed promising results with moderate CH₄ emissions (16.77 L/d; 0.686 L/kg⁰·⁷⁵), suggesting effective fermentation of nutrients without compromising animal performance. These findings suggest that diets formulated with TD and agro-industrial by-products may improve the environmental sustainability of sheep production systems, contributing to the reduction of the carbon footprint.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSII-25 Dose effect of rumen-protected choline on growth performance of receiving beef cattle.","authors":"Clay A Zimmerman, Juan Bollatti, Marcos Zenobi, Kari Estes, Ramiro Andreola","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf300.675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf300.675","url":null,"abstract":"Bollatti1, J.M., Andreola R.1, Zenobi M.2, K. Estes2, C. Zimmerman2 1Biofarma Experimental Center for Animal Nutrition, Cordoba, Argentina; 2Balchem Corp., Montvale, NJ, USA 07645 Dose Effect of Rumen-Protected Choline on Growth Performance in Receiving Beef Cattle Nutritional strategies that enhance growth and feed efficiency in newly received cattle are essential for optimizing performance during the receiving period. This study evaluated the dose-response effects of rumen-protected choline (RPC; ReaShure, Balchem Corp., Montvale, NJ) supplementation on growth performance in receiving beef cattle over a 45-day period. A total of 243 cattle (Angus/British crossbreed from commercial auction yards, n=203; Indicus crossbreed from a ranch, n=40) were transported in four trucks and assigned to 28 pens in a completely randomized block design. Blocking was based on arrival source and initial body weight (BW), and cattle within each block (n=7) were randomly allocated to one of four RPC doses (0, 20, 40, or 60 g/d) for the first 21 days. All cattle received a common diet, containing 38 mg/kg DM of monensin, transitioning from a high-forage receiving diet to a finishing diet by day 22. Cattle were processed upon arrival, including vaccination, deworming, and recording of initial BW. Intermediate BW was recorded on days 14 and 21, while final BW was measured on day 45 following a 16-hour feed restriction. Dry matter intake (DMI) was calculated weekly after discounting refusals, and feed efficiency (gain-to-feed ratio, G:F) was calculated. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with pen as the experimental unit, and block as random effect. Linear and quadratic contrasts assessed dose effects, and overall RPC supplementation was compared to the control (0 g/d). RPC supplementation increased average daily gain (ADG) over 45 days (P = 0.04), demonstrating both immediate and sustained benefits. ADG improved linearly in the first 14 days (P = 0.09), and feed efficiency showed a quadratic response across 45 days (P = 0.05). No significant effects on DMI were detected (P &amp;gt; 0.15). Detailed results, including means and significance levels, are presented in Table 1. These results suggest that short-term RPC supplementation enhances early growth performance in receiving cattle, with carry-over benefits lasting through 45 days. Further research should refine optimal RPC dosing strategies and the appropriate duration of supplementation to maximize its benefits.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSII-15 Validation of polymorphisms as molecular markers for milk production and thermo-tolerance in Holstein cows managed in a heat-stressed environment.","authors":"Carolina García-Benitez, Rosa Icela Luna Ramirez, Juan F F Medrano, R Mark Enns, Scott E Speidel, Ricardo Zamorano-Algandar, Miguel Sánchez-Castro, Guillermo Luna-Nevárez, José C Leyva-Corona, Pablo Luna-Nevárez","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf300.663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf300.663","url":null,"abstract":"Dairy farms located in semi-arid regions face significant challenges in maintaining milk production under a heat-stressed environment. Despite these adverse conditions, some cows are able to sustain adequate milk production, most likely due to genetic factors. Then, objective of this study was to validate three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as predictors of milk production and thermo-tolerance in heat-stressed Holstein cows. The study was conducted during summer (June-August) at a dairy farm located in the Yaqui Valley, Mexico. A total of 148 lactating Holstein cows were included, housed in open pens, and provided a ration to meet their nutritional requirements. Milk production was measured twice daily (05:00 an 15:00 hours) through an electronic system, and used to determine the average daily milk yield (DMY). Ambient temperature and relative humidity were recorded with a Kestrel weather meter (DROP D2AG), and used to calculate the temperature-humidity index (THI). Physiological traits, including rectal temperature (RT) and respiratory rate, were measured biweekly (06:00 and 16:00 hours). A blood sample was collected from each cow for genotyping of the SNPs rs8193046, rs43410971, and rs382039214, located within the genes TLR4, GRM8, and SMAD3, respectively. The TaqMan method and real-time PCR were used for genotyping, whereas mRNA expression of these genes was measured through quantitative PCR. Additionally, a blood sample was drawn to analyze serum levels of cortisol and heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70). The THI increased from 76 to 83 units, indicating that heat stress intensified from moderate to severe during the study period. The SNPs in the genes TLR4 and GRM8 were found to be predictors of DMY and RT. Their favorable genotypes (AA and GG, respectively) showed the higher DMY (22.67 ± 1.02 and 23.21 ± 0.89 liters; P&amp;lt; 0.05)) and the lower RT (37.82 °C and 37.65 °C; P&amp;lt; 0.05). The mRNA expression of the genes TLR4 and GRM8 were higher (P&amp;lt; 0.01) in cows with favorable genotype (6.44 and 4.98, respectively) compared to cows without favorable genotype (3.25 and 2.21, respectively). Serum levels of cortisol and HSP-70 were lower (P&amp;lt; 0.05) in cows with favorable genotype (19.75 ± 4.06 ng/mL and 38.65 ± 7.95 pg/mL) compared to cows with non-favorable genotypes (28.64 ± 4.73 ng/mL and 46.38 ± 8.12 pg/mL). Gene expression was strongly correlated (r2=-0.63 to -0.78; P&amp;lt; 0.01) with serum levels of cortisol and HSP-70, which are physiological markers of heat stress. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the genes TLR4 and GRM8 play a critical role in regulating physiological mechanisms associated with thermo-tolerance that contribute to sustain milk production in cows affected by environmental heat stress. Thus, SNPs in these genes may serve as reliable predictors of milk production and thermo-tolerance in Holstein cows managed in warm semi-arid regions.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSI-7 The dietary supplementation of fatty acids and choline modulates the concentration of metabolites in embryonic tissues during elongation.","authors":"Allyson McCarty, Megan Bahr, Zaeem Sarwar, Damon Smith, Matt H Poore, Daniel H Poole, Jeanette Bishop, Thomas R Hansen, Nadia Ashrafi, Roman A Mimi, Stewart F Graham, Ky G Pohler, Jose E P Santos, Felipe A C C Silva","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf300.432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf300.432","url":null,"abstract":"The transition between a spherical-shaped blastocyst to an elongated conceptus is required for proper early embryonic development in cattle. During the peri-elongation period, embryonic tissues have increased uptake of lipids that will support trophectoderm and endoderm formation. Therefore, our objective was to provide a dietary supplementation strategy containing rumen-inert mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids and rumen-protected choline to cater to the specific needs of the elongating conceptus. One hundred suckled multiparous Angus cows were randomly assigned on d -30 to receive either TARG) 100 g of a rumen-inert mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acid source (Essentiom; Church and Dwight Co., Inc., Princeton, NJ) plus 60 g of a rumen-protected choline source (ReaShure; Balchem, Montvale, NJ) or CON) 114 g of a saturated fatty acid source (Energy Booster 100; Milk Specialties, Eden Prairie, MN). Treatments were top-dressed daily into a similar total mixed ration until d 30. All cows were synchronized using a 7-day CO-synch+CIDR protocol and received timed artificial insemination by the same technician on d 0. On d 16, uterine flushing was conducted in a subset of cows (CON = 20 and TARG = 23) to determine the presence and length of the embryo, and uterine luminal fluid was analyzed for the concentration of interferon tau (IFNT). Only samples with fully recovered elongating embryos were used for metabolomics analysis (CON = 6 and TARG = 6). In addition, blood was collected to determine the concentration of progesterone (P4). The effects of treatment, group, and their interaction on P4 and IFNT were analyzed by ANOVA. Prior to statistical analysis, the concentration of metabolites in embryonic tissues were subjected to loess normalization. Depending on normality, data were analyzed either by ANOVA or Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test. The concentration of progesterone and IFNT did not differ between treatments (P = 0.57). The concentration of IFNT in flushing media in CON was 3693.92 ± 5133.24 pg/mL and in TARG was 4132.62 ± 5742.87 pg/mL. There were seven significantly different metabolites (P ≤ 0.05) and 17 tended to be significant (0.05 &amp;lt; P ≤ 0.1) in embryonic tissues at d 16. The metabolites modulated in embryonic tissues belonged to triglyceride, phosphatidylinositol, acylcarnitine, lysphosphatidylglycerol, carboxylic acid, amino acid, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidic acid, diglyceride, phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, and lysophosphatidylserine classes. Among these metabolites, phosphatidylcholines, PC (42:3) and PC (36:5), and one diglyceride were greater in TARG. Meanwhile, phosphatidylinositols, three diglycerides, lysophosphatidylethanolamines, and lysophosphatidylserines were greater in CON. Altogether, the metabolites greater in TARG are related to cell membrane development and lipid metabolism, whereas the metabolites greater in CON are related to structural support in cell membranes, lipid metabolism, and c","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSV-21 Short-term and long-term effects of beef tallow enriched with trans-vaccenic acid and rumenic acid on glucose homeostasis in mice feed a high-fat diet.","authors":"Yanqing Xu, Abigail Tolentino, Ming-fo Hsu, Fawaz G Haj, Payam Vahmani","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf300.456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf300.456","url":null,"abstract":"Trans-vaccenic acid (VA, trans-11-18:1) and rumenic acid (RA, cis-9, trans-11-18:2) are the predominant rumen-derived trans fatty acids found in beef fat from cattle fed forage-based diets. Unlike industrial trans fatty acids, these two are considered beneficial, as they have been associated with health benefits, such as a decreased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The objective of this study was to compare the effects of VA+RA-enriched tallow (ET) from steers finished on a forage-based diet containing 15% extruded flaxseeds with a control tallow (CT) from beef cattle finished on a typical corn-grain-based ration on glucose homeostasis in high-fat diet-induced obese mice, which are considered a translatable model for prediabetes. Forty-eight male 6-week-old C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to one of four treatments for 20 weeks: a low-fat (10% Cal from fat) diet containing CT (LFD-CT), a low-fat diet containing ET (LFD-ET), a high-fat (45% Cal from fat) diet containing CT (HFD-CT), or a high-fat diet containing ET (HFD-ET). Body weight and food intake were measured weekly. At weeks 10 and 20, blood samples were collected from fed and 12-hour fasted mice to test for blood glucose and insulin concentrations. Fasted blood glucose and insulin levels were used to calculate the homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). At weeks 16 and 19, glucose tolerance tests (GTT) and insulin tolerance tests (ITT) were performed, respectively. Both HFD treatments resulted in greater (P&amp;lt; 0.01) fasted blood glucose and insulin concentrations, as well as HOMA-IR, compared to the LFD treatments at week 10. The HFD-ET group showed lower (P&amp;lt; 0.05) fasted insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR compared to the HFD-CT group at week 10. By week 19, both HFD treatments resulted in significantly greater (P&amp;lt; 0.01) body weight gain, fasted blood glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and area under the curve (AUC) for ITT and GTT compared to the LFD groups. However, no significant differences were observed within the LFD and HFD groups. Our findings suggest that beef fat enriched with VA and RA can prevent hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance in the short term, but these effects are not sustained in the long term.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"157 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSV-22 Characterization of the gut microbiota of horses based on two different housing conditions and parasitic load.","authors":"Gopi Yalavarthi, Praveen Kosuri, Haswitha Sabbineni, Kendra Maas, Kristen E Govoni, Mary Anne Amalaradjou, Jenifer Nadeau","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf300.472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf300.472","url":null,"abstract":"Strongyles are parasitic nematodes affecting the large intestine and cecum of equines, leading to gastrointestinal disturbances, including colic and impaired nutrient absorption due to mucosal damage and inflammation. Effective parasite management is increasingly challenging due to widespread resistance to anthelmintic treatments, necessitating alternative strategies. Recent research suggests a complex interplay between gut microbiota and parasitic infections, influenced by factors such as diet, immune response, and housing conditions. Gut microbiome modulation has emerged as a potential alternative strategy for controlling strongyles, as specific microbial communities may enhance parasite resistance and mitigate infection severity. The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of housing conditions (pasture vs. semi-intensive) on gut microbiota composition and diversity in horses with varying strongyle fecal egg counts (FEC) and to explore potential links between microbial communities and parasite resistance. Twenty-five horses were divided into two housing conditions: pasture (n=13) and semi-intensive (SI; n=12). Within each group, horses were classified as low or high shedders based on strongyle egg counts (&amp;lt; 300 eggs/g = low, &amp;gt;300 eggs/g = high). A factorial design was used. Fecal samples were collected in the fall for flotation analysis and gut microbiota assessment. Sequence processing was performed using Mothur 1.47.0, with downstream analysis in R 3.2.7. Significant differences (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in beta diversity metrics (Bray-Curtis, Jaccard Index, and Theta YC) were observed between pastured and SI-housed horses, indicating distinct microbial community structures influenced by housing conditions. Heatmaps and log2 fold-change analysis revealed a higher abundance (P &amp;lt; 0.05) of Firmicutes and Elusimicrobiota at the phylum level in SI-housed horses with low FEC. At the order level, Bryobacterales, Endomicrobials, Pedosphaerales, and Streptomycetales showed significant differences (P &amp;lt; 0.05) between low and high FEC horses in SI housing. Elusimicrobiota, commonly found in herbivore and insect guts, is known for its role in cellulose degradation, potentially aiding fiber digestion in horses. Endomicrobials, associated with ruminant microbiomes, may enhance fiber fermentation and nutrient absorption. Bryobacterales and Pedosphaerales, typically found in soil, may enter the gut through grazing and contribute to nutrient cycling and organic matter degradation. Streptomycetales, known for their antibiotic-producing capabilities, could help regulate microbial balance and inhibit pathogenic bacteria, potentially contributing to parasite resistance. However, no significant differences (P &amp;gt; 0.05) were found in alpha diversity, richness, or overall microbial diversity. These findings highlight the impact of housing on the equine gut microbiome and its potential role in parasite management. Given the incre","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}