Journal of animal science最新文献

{"title":"Different vitamin D supplementation strategies impact serum vitamin D concentrations and the mRNA expression of genes related to vitamin D metabolism, mitochondria respiration, redox balance, and immune system in weanling piglets","authors":"Danyel Bueno Dalto, Isabelle Audet, Caroline Roy, Geneviève Villeneuve, J Jacques Matte, Jérôme Lapointe","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf024","url":null,"abstract":"This study compared the effects of different vitamin D supplementation strategies to pre- and post-weaning piglets on vitamin D metabolism and health-related parameters. Sixty Yorkshire-Landrace × Duroc suckling piglets were selected at the first day of age and randomly assigned to one of two vitamin D supplementation strategies (n = 30 pigs per treatment): CTR – oral saline at days 2, 8 and 21 of age and, from weaning (day 21), in-feed supplementation with 2000 IU of vitamin D as cholecalciferol; and VD - oral 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D3) solution at days 2, 8 and 21 of age plus 15-minute exposure to UVB light every second day from day 14 until day 21 and, from weaning, in-feed supplementation with 2000 IU of vitamin D as 25(OH)D3. Piglets were slaughtered (n = 10 pigs per treatment/day) at days 21 (before start in-feed experimental diets), 28 and 35 and blood and tissues samples (jejunum, liver and kidney) were collected. Body weight, concentrations of serum 25(OH)D3 and jejunum, liver, and kidney mRNA expression of genes related to vitamin D, antioxidant system, and immune defense were measured. Body weight was not affected by treatments (P ≥ 0.34). Serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations were greater for VD piglets at day 21, 28 and 35 (P < 0.01). No effect of treatment was detected (P ≥ 0.14) for mRNA expression in the jejunum mucosa. In the liver of VD piglets, mRNA expressions of genes related to the antioxidant system were lower at day 21 (NDUFB2) and at day 28 (BNIP3, GPX4, and MSRA) (P ≤ 0.10). The mRNA analysis in kidney during the overall period detected higher expression of genes related to the mitochondria oxidative phosphorylation (COX17, NDUFB2, and NDUFB6) in VD groups compared to CTR (P ≤ 0.09). The expression of CYP27B1 in kidney was higher at day 28 and CYP24A1 was lower at day 21 but higher at day 35 for VD animals. In conclusion, during the pre-weaning period, dietary 25(OH)D3 supplementation combined with UVB exposure was effective in increasing serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations at weaning whereas in the post-weaning period dietary 25(OH)D3 supplementation at 2000 IU/kg was more efficient then dietary cholecalciferol at similar levels. The overall results indicate that 2000 IU of vitamin D/kg of diet, independently of source, may be enough to improve the vitamin D status of post-weaning piglets. However, the use of dietary 25(OH)D3 may promote a better modulation of vitamin D metabolism and redox balance.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143083775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of ground herb-based and essential oil-based phytobiotics on the intestinal health and performance of nursery pigs challenged with F18+  Escherichia coli.","authors":"Yesid Garavito-Duarte, Marcos Elias Duarte, Sung Woo Kim","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of using ground herb-based phytobiotics and essential oil-based phytobiotics in pig diets on intestinal health and growth performance (GP) of nursery pigs challenged with F18+  Escherichia coli (E. coli). Forty nursery pigs (6.4 ± 0.1 kg) at 21 d of age were individually housed and assigned to 4 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design, with body weight (BW) and sex as blocking factor. Basal diets were fed to pigs for 28 d in 3 phases. Treatments were NC: basal diet, non-challenged; PC: basal diet, challenged with F18+  E. coli; HP: PC + 1% ground herb-based phytobiotics (Salcochek Pro, Ayurvet Limited, Kaushambi, India); EP: PC + 1% essential oil-based phytobiotics (Liq-biotic, Ayurvet Limited, Kaushambi, India). The GP was recorded for each phase and fecal score (FS) was measured daily. On d 7 post-weaning, the challenged groups were orally inoculated with F18+  E. coli (2.0 × 1010 CFU), the NC treatment received sterile saline solution. On d 28, pigs were euthanized to collect jejunal samples to evaluate intestinal health and relative abundance (RA) of jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure on SAS 9.4. The PC increased (P < 0.05) the RA of Prevotellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae when compared to NC. The HP reduced (P < 0.05) the RA of Veillonellaceae, Prevotellaceae, and Lachnospiraceae when compared to PC. The EP tended to reduce the RA of Streptococcaceae (P = 0.073) and Corynebacteriaceae (P = 0.074) when compared to PC. The PC increased (P < 0.05) occludin and tended to increase (P = 0.096) toll like-receptor-4 (TLR4) when compared to NC. The PC decreased (P < 0.05) average daily gain and average daily feed intake when compared to NC in d 7 to d 28. The PC increased FS (P < 0.05) compared to the HP and EP d 7 to d 11. The HP and EP decreased (P < 0.05) FS when compared to PC during d 7 to d 11 and d 7 to d 18. In conclusion, F18+  E. coli challenge disrupted the jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota, increased TLR4 expression and FS, consequently reduced GP. Both HP and EP phytobiotics supported intestinal morphology during the challenge to F18+  E. coli by supporting enterocyte maturation. The HP and EP treatments exhibited antimicrobial-like effects by altering the jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota and reduced FS during the first two weeks post-challenge. The HP treatment showed potential antioxidant effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seminal plasma metabolomics and sperm lipidomics profiles of bull semen with different total progressive motile sperm count.","authors":"Fanglin Pang, Yuke Sheng, Liu Tao Gao, Hossam E Rushdi, Juan J Loor, Quan Zhao Tian, Shenhe Liu","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Total progressive motile sperm count (TPMSC) is a reliable index of fecundity evaluation of bull semen. It is an important determinant frozen semen yield and conception rate of females artificially inseminated. Seminal plasma metabolites and sperm lipids are closely related to sperm survival and motility, but their relationship with TPMSC is not well known. In the present study, Simmental bulls with higher (H, n = 6) or lower (L, n = 6) TPMSC (P < 0.01) were selected from a cohort of 100 animals aged 2 to 5 years based on semen quality. Analysis of semen quality and biochemical markers of seminal plasma revealed that H bulls had greater ejaculate volume (P < 0.05), sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity rate (P < 0.01), seminal plasma neutral α-glucosidase (P < 0.05), alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, cortisol and phosphatidylcholine (P < 0.01), and lower sperm malformation rate (P < 0.05) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (P < 0.01). Semen metabolites and sperm liposome profiles of H and L groups were compared using LC-MS/MS analysis. A total of 120 differentially abundant metabolites (VIP > 1; P < 0.05) and 59 differentially abundant lipids (VIP > 1; P < 0.05) were identified between H and L groups. Oxidative stress, sperm motility and sperm plasma membrane integrity were among the enriched biological pathways. Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), up-regulated in H bulls, is associated with energy for sperm motility and maintenance of membrane stability. Thymidineglycol (Tg), levanbiose, thymidine (Thd), and CE (3M5) were down-regulated in H bulls, and may have negatively affected sperm motility. Correlation analyses revealed that TPMSC and sperm motility were significantly positively correlated with cADPR, while Tg, Levanbiose, Thd and CE (3M5) were significantly negatively correlated with TPMSC and sperm motility. Thus, we speculate that these molecules may be exploited as potential biomarkers for non-invasive evaluation of TPMSC in bull semen.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro fermentation characteristics of dietary fibers using fecal inoculum from dogs consuming commercial or grain kefir","authors":"Breanna N Metras, Patricia M Oba, Dalton A Holt, Laura L Bauer, Michael J Miller, Ryan N Dilger, Kelly S Swanson","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf022","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional grain kefir is produced from the fermentation of milk with yeast- and bacteria-containing cultures. To maintain consistency and adhere to food safety guidelines, commercial kefir products are based on starter bacterial cultures. Bacterial profiles of starter vs. grain kefirs differ, and their influence on health effects is unknown. Our objectives were to determine the in vitro fermentation characteristics of common dietary fibers using fecal inoculum from dogs supplemented with kefir or kefir bacterial culture as inoculum. Healthy adult dogs were allotted to one of 3 treatments and supplemented for 14 d (n=4/treatment): 1) 2% reduced-fat milk treated with lactase (CNTL), 2) starter kefir (S-Kefir), or 3) grain kefir (G-Kefir). After 14 d, fresh fecal samples were collected and frozen in a 20% glycerol solution. For the in vitro experiment, fecal samples were thawed, diluted in an anaerobic diluting solution, and used to inoculate tubes containing semi-defined medium and either cellulose (CEL), pectin (PC), beet pulp (BP), or chicory pulp (CP). Tubes were incubated for 0, 6, 12, or 18 h, with short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), pH, and microbiota measured at each time point. A second in vitro experiment was conducted using similar methods and measurements, but with S-Kefir and G-Kefir as inoculum sources. Effects of treatment (inoculum), time, and treatment*time interactions within fiber source were analyzed statistically using Mixed Models and repeated measures, with P&amp;lt;0.05 being significant. Using fecal inoculum, BP and PC were rapidly fermented, leading to large pH reductions, SCFA increases, and microbiota shifts. pH change was of greater (P&amp;lt;0.05) magnitude (PC) and higher (P&amp;lt;0.05) kinetic rate (CP) when using feces from dogs fed S-Kefir or G-Kefir than controls. Butyrate increases were greater (P&amp;lt;0.05) in tubes inoculated with G-Kefir feces than in S-Kefir or control feces. When PC and BP were fermented, tubes with S-Kefir feces had greater (P&amp;lt;0.05) acetate, propionate, and total SCFA increases than G-Kefir or control feces. Fermentations were slower when using kefir cultures as inoculum, but some differences were noted. Bacterial beta diversity and relative abundances shifted over time within each substrate and were unique to inoculum source. Our data suggest that the activity of kefir bacterial populations differs, and that kefir consumption changes the abundance and activity of the fecal microbiota of dogs, justifying in vivo investigation.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143084155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of multienzyme supplementation on energy and nutrient digestibility in various feed ingredients for pregnant gilts","authors":"Garrin L Shipman, Jorge Y Perez-Palencia, Jinsu Hong, Yanxing Niu, Anna Rogiewicz, Rob Patterson, Crystal L Levesque","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf017","url":null,"abstract":"The utilization of exogenous fiber-degrading enzymes in commercial swine diets is a strategy to increase the nutrient and energy density of poorly digestible ingredients. In a prior set of studies, dietary multienzyme blend (MEblend) supplementation increased the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, non-starch polysaccharides, and energy in complete high-fibrous gestation diets by 6% when fed to gestating sows. The current study aimed to determine the effects of MEblend (containing xylanase, β-glucanase, cellulase, amylase, protease, pectinase, and invertase activities) supplementation on ATTD of energy and nutrients of individual feedstuffs commonly used in gestating sow diets across major pork-producing regions worldwide, which differ in their fibrous components. Twenty-seven gilts (initial body weight 176 ± 6.6 kg), in a crossover design with four periods (periods 1, 2, 3, and 4 from d 41 to 55, 56 to 70, 71 to 85, and 86 to 100 of gestation, respectively), were allocated to one of 7 diets (with or without MEblend supplementation at 0.1% inclusion; 7-8 observations per treatment) to determine the ATTD of energy and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Three diets contained corn, wheat, and sorghum as the sole source of energy. In the other diets, soybean meal (SBM), field peas (FP), canola meal (CM), and sugar beet pulp (SBP) each replaced 25% of the corn in the corn diet to determine the energy value of individual feedstuffs. Data were analyzed using a Student’s t-test to evaluate the effect of enzyme supplementation on these feedstuffs. The MEblend increased the metabolizable and net energy of corn (P = 0.10) and wheat (P &amp;lt; 0.01) by 2% and 3%, respectively. The energy content of sorghum was not impacted by MEblend. Furthermore, a 6%, 4%, and 25% increase was observed in metabolizable and net energy of SBM, FP, and CM, respectively (P ≤ 0.05). The energy value in SBP was not affected by MEblend supplementation. In conclusion, supplementing diets with a multienzyme blend increased the energy content of corn, wheat, soybean meal, field peas, and canola meal fed to gestating sows by approximately 2% to 25%, depending on the feedstuffs. The energy value of sorghum and sugar beet pulp was not affected by the multienzyme blend. This should be considered when formulating fibrous diets for gestating sows to increase nutrient utilization of feedstuffs.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breed and trace mineral source influence the performance of beef heifers during periods of nutrient restriction and grazing forage at early vegetative stage","authors":"Isabella R T Souza, Philipe Moriel, Taynara C dos Santos, André V de Miranda, Gabriel R R Monar, Maria E Rezende, Karolina V Z Augusto, Marco A F Porcionato, M Victoria Sanz-Fernandez, Izadora S Souza, Shea J Mackey, Reinaldo F Cooke, J M B Vendramini, Davi B Araujo, José L M Vasconcelos","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf019","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluated the effects of breed and mineral source on heifer performance during periods of nutrient restriction and grazing. On day -7, ½ Angus × ½ Nelore (ANE) and Nelore (NE) heifers (12 heifers per breed; body weight, BW = 264 ± 35 kg; age = 15 ± 1 mo) were assigned to individual drylot pens to receive ad libitum Tifton 85 (Cynodon sp.) hay and white salt for 7 days. On day 0, within each breed, heifers were randomly assigned (2 × 2 factorial arrangement) to receive protein supplementation (0.20% of BW; dry matter, DM) added with sulfate (SUL) or hydroxychloride (HYD) sources of Cu, Mn, and Zn from day 0 to 49. From day 0 to 34, hay DM intake was restricted to 50% of the ad libitum intake recorded from day -7 to -1. On day 35, heifers were transferred to individual pastures to graze Tifton 85 forage at early vegetative stage until day 49. No effects of breed × mineral source × day and breed × mineral source were detected (P ≥ 0.11). Nelore heifers had greater (P ≤ 0.02) average daily gain (ADG) from day 0 to 35 and day 0 to 49 compared to ANE heifers. Cumulative diarrhea incidence, fecal pH and total days of diarrhea symptoms did not differ (P ≥ 0.19) between breeds. Nelore heifers had greater (P ≤ 0.05) serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) from day 35 to 45 but had less (P ≤ 0.05) serum concentrations of cortisol and haptoglobin on day 42 and 45, respectively. Serum concentrations of urea N were greater (P ≤ 0.05) for NE vs. ANE heifers on days 0 and 42 and were less (P ≤ 0.05) for NE vs. ANE on days 38, 45 and 49. Heifers supplemented with HYD had (P ≤ 0.05) greater ADG from day 0 to 35, lower cumulative diarrhea incidence and percentage of heifers exhibiting ≥ 2 days of diarrhea from day 36 to 49, less serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) on day 35, and less serum concentrations of NEFA, cortisol and urea N on day 38 compared to SUL heifers. In summary, breed influenced serum concentrations of haptoglobin, cortisol, urea N, insulin and IGF-1, and the growth of beef heifers during nutrient restriction, but did not impact growth and incidence of diarrhea during periods of grazing forage at early vegetative stage. Regardless of breed, replacing sulfate with hydroxychloride sources of Cu, Mn, and Zn led to minimal reductions on serum concentrations of NEFA, cortisol and urea N, enhanced growth during nutrient restriction, and reduced diarrhea incidence during grazing of early vegetative forage.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of feeding thermally peroxidized lipids on the performance of growing pigs","authors":"Brian J Kerr, Victoria C Wilson, Junwei Zhang, Chi Chen","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf015","url":null,"abstract":"Feeding pigs lipids containing high levels of lipid oxidation products (LOP) has been shown to reduce growth performance, but data is lacking on quantitative relationships between LOP and pig growth, feed intake and feed efficiency. Four experiments (EXP) were conducted using soybean oil (SO) in EXP 1, 2, and 3, as well as SO, choice white grease (CWG) and palm oil (PO) in EXP 4, to evaluate the impact of feeding diets containing different amounts of LOP on pig performance. Lipid peroxidation was carried out using variable heating temperatures and durations to generate lipids with a broad range of peroxide (PV, mEq) and anisidine value (AnV, unitless). Lipids were added to the diets at 10, 10, 8, and 7.5% for EXP 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, with dietary PV and AnV calculated using lipid peroxidation concentrations of PV and AnV times the dietary lipid inclusion rate. Within each EXP, pig performance (6.2 – 13.4 kg, EXP 1, 13.5 – 23.7 kg, EXP 2; 20.3 – 36.9 kg, EXP 3; 29.6 – 44.1 kg, EXP 4) was affected differently depending on dietary PV and AnV concentrations. Using the control-fed pigs within each experiment as a baseline of 100%, correlations of pooled relative pig performance data (dependent variables of ADG, ADFI, and GF) from EXP 1, 2, 3, and 4 with their respective dietary LOP values (independent variables of dietary PV and AnV due their ability to be measured commercially) resulted in significant (P ≤ 0.01) regression equations for relative ADG [ADG, % = 101.2 - [(0.321 × PV) + (1.019 × AnV)], R² = 0.81], ADFI [ADFI, % = 100.8 - [(0.320 × PV) + (0.629 × AnV)], R² = 0.68], and GF [GF, % = 101.3 - [(0.016 × PV) + (0.525 × AnV)], R² = 0.70], albeit PV was not a significant regression coefficient in the GF model (P = 0.90). This data shows that the values of primary and secondary LOP (i.e., PV and AnV, respectively) could be effectively used in predicting the effect of feeding oxidized lipids on growth, feed intake and feed efficiency in growing pigs.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feeding nursery pigs diets containing peroxidized soybean oil has minimal effects on oxidative status but dramatically reduces serum vitamin E concentrations","authors":"Victoria C Wilson, Brian J Kerr","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf016","url":null,"abstract":"A subgroup of pigs from two experiments (EXP) were selected to evaluate the impact of pigs fed diets containing peroxidized soybean oil (SO) on plasma-based measures of oxidative stress and vitamin E. Pigs were fed diets containing SO that was either unprocessed (23 °C; peroxide value of 3 meq/kg and an anisidine value of 4) or thermally processed at 135 °C for 42 h (peroxide value of 30 meq/kg and an anisidine value of 501). The corn-soybean meal-based diets contained either 10% SO (EXP 1) or 8% SO (EXP 2). Pigs were fed the experimental diets for 22 d (EXP 1, 13.5 to 24.0 kg, 2 pigs/pen) or 27 d (EXP 2, 21.3 to 37.5 kg, 1 pig/pen), each with 10 replications per dietary treatment. Pigs fed diets containing the peroxidized SO had reduced ADG, ADFI, and GF compared to pigs fed diets containing the unheated SO (P ≤ 0.01). Pigs fed diets containing peroxidized SO had increased plasma concentrations of F2-isoprostanes and reactive oxygen metabolites compared to pigs fed diets containing unheated SO (P ≤ 0.01). In contrast, plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentrations tended to decrease in pigs fed diets containing peroxidized SO compared to pigs fed diets containing unheated SO (P = 0.10). There was no apparent effect of pigs consuming diets containing peroxidized SO on plasma antioxidant adsorbent capacity or an oxidative stress index (P ≥ 0.19). Pigs fed diets containing peroxidized SO resulted in a reduction in plasma vitamin E compared to pigs fed diets containing unheated SO (P ≤ 0.01). Results indicate that adding SO that has been thermally processed thereby containing high concentrations of aldehydes resulted in inconsistent changes of markers of oxidative stress, but dramatically reduced plasma vitamin E concentrations.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Source of Origin and Region of Finishing on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Finishing Heifers Fed in the United States.","authors":"Erin R DeHaan, Colten W Dornbach, Amanda D Blair, Nicole C Burdick Sanchez, Jeffery A Carroll, Paul R Broadway, Warren C Rusche, Kristin E Hales, Zachary K Smith","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective was to evaluate growth performance and carcass traits of finishing beef heifers sourced and finished in different regions in the U.S. Heifers [n = 190; initial body weight (BW) 483 ± 0.4 kg and 425 ± 1.9 kg for SD and TX sourced, respectively] were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of origin state (SD vs. TX) and finishing state (SD vs. TX) was used. Heifers were allotted on d -1 to: 1) sourced from SD and finished in SD (SD-SD), 2) sourced from SD and finished in TX (SD-TX), 3) sourced from TX and finished in SD (TX-SD), and 4) sourced from TX and finished in TX (TX-TX). Heifers were weighed on d -1, 3, 15, 28, 56, 78 (TX-TX and SD-TX) and 90 (SD-SD and TX-SD). On d 0, SD-TX and TX-SD heifers were shipped to their respective finishing locations. The following morning (d 1), SD-TX and TX-SD heifers were individually weighed to determine transit shrink. To monitor transit stress effects, vaginal temperature probes were used on all SD-TX and TX-SD heifers and a portion of SD-SD and TX-TX heifers on d -1 and removed on d 3. Clinical attitude scores (CAS) were recorded on d -1, 0, 1, 2 and 3 for bovine respiratory disease symptoms. Transported heifers had decreased temperatures (P ≤ 0.01) during transit and post-transit and increased (P ≤ 0.01) vaginal temperature during loading and unloading compared to non-transported heifers. On d 0, 1, and 3 there was a shift in the distribution of heifers that had a CAS score greater than 0 for TX-TX, SD-TX and TX-SD. Heifers endured elevated ambient temperatures (temperature humidity index > 75) for 54% and 18% of the feeding period for TX and SD. Growth performance and carcass trait interactions were significant (P < 0.01) except for d -1 BW, percent shrink during transit, average daily gain, dressing percent, ribeye area and liver abscess severity, which did not differ (P > 0.30). A shift in the distribution (P < 0.02) towards a greater proportion of Yield Grade 1 and Select carcasses for was observed for TX versus SD. Overall, heifers transported to higher ambient temperatures had improved overall yield grades, but decreased dry matter intake, quality grades (QG) and limited growth recovery (45 kg lighter) following transit than non-transported heifers. Heifers transported to lower ambient temperatures recovered growth and had improved QG (P < 0.02) at the same thickness of rib fat compared to non-transported heifers but had decreased overall yield and yield grades.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary phytosterols increased the rate of weight gain, antioxidant capacity and growth of beneficial strains of bacteria in the gut and suppressed the population of potentially pathogenic bacteria in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides).","authors":"Haisong Shi, Zhongchao Pan, Yufei Chen, Qinghui Ai, Paihuai Ouyang, Fenggang Sun, Kangyuan Qu, Yucheng Liu, Beiping Tan, Shiwei Xie","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was to evaluate the effects of dietary adding of phytosterol (PS) on growth, antioxidant capacity, tissue morphology and gut microbiota of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). A total of 540 largemouth bass (13.75 ± 0.37g) were selected and randomly divided into six groups and fed with diets supplemented with 0, 0.01 %, 0.02 %, 0.03 %, 0.04 % and 0.05 % of PS (ontrol, PS1-PS5) for 56 d. The results showed that the rate of weight gain (WGR) and condition factor (CF) of largemouth bass increased significantly (P < 0.05) with the increasing PS addition levels. In addition, PS significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in serum compared to group C (P < 0.05), as well as increased relative expression of pituitary Insulin-like growth factor (igf1ra, igf1rb, and igf2r), hypothalamic growth hormone gh and insulin receptor ir, compared with group C (P < 0.05). Histopathological analysis showed that the addition of 0.04 % PS to the feed resulted in a tighter cellular arrangement and a significant reduction in vacuolisation in the liver of largemouth bass. It also significantly increased intestinal fold width and muscle wall thickness (P < 0.05). Analysis of the intestinal flora showed a significant decrease in the α-diversity of the flora in the PS4 group compared to the C group (P < 0.05). Notably, at the phylum level, the addition of PS to feed significantly reduced the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota. At the genus level, PS significantly increased the relative abundance of Cetobacterium (P < 0.05). The addition of 0.04 % PS to the feed promotes growth, antioxidant capacity, improved tissue morphology and increased abundances of beneficial gut microbiotas in largemouth bass.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}