Journal of animal science最新文献

{"title":"The potential probiotic role of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus on growth performance, gut health, and immune responses of weaned pigs.","authors":"Ikcheol Shin, Yonggu Kang, Jinmu Ahn, Yonghee Kim, Jinuk Nam, Kimoon Kim, Jun Mo Kim, Hyung Wook Kim, Jungwoo Yang, Youghoon Kim, Sangnam Oh, Minjee Lee, Hyunjin Kyoung, Minho Song","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During the weaning period, piglets suffer from various challenges induced by changed trophic conditions, unstable immune systems, and exposure to unfamiliar environments accompanied by direct or indirect production losses. Supplementation of probiotics in a nursery diet has been considered an effective strategy that improves the growth rate and gut health of pigs. In swine production, lactic acid-producing bacteria (LAB), including Lactobacilli, are commonly used as prominent probiotics. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (LR), one of the Lactobacilli probiotics, on growth performance, frequency of diarrhea, nutrient digestibility, gut health, and immune responses of weaned pigs. A total of 48 pigs were allocated to two treatments in a randomized complete block design (block: initial body weight). Dietary treatments were a basal nursery diet based on corn-soybean meal (CON) and CON + 0.02% LR (IDCC 3201; 2 × 109 CFU/g; Ildong Bioscience Co, Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea). The experiment was conducted for 4 weeks. In this study, the LR group increased gain to feed ratio from days 1 to 7 (P < 0.05) compared with the CON group. Pigs fed LR had higher (P < 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, energy, and crude protein than those fed CON. The dietary LR decreased (P < 0.05) crypt depth in the duodenum and ileum compared with CON. The dietary LR upregulated ileal expression of the claudin-1 gene (P < 0.05) and tended to increase the claudin-2 gene (P = 0.089) while downregulated (P < 0.05) expression of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-8 genes compared with CON. The LR group decreased (P < 0.05) platelet count on day 14 compared with the CON group. Furthermore, pigs fed LR had lower serum concentrations of the tumor necrosis factor-α on day 7 (P < 0.05) as well as interleukin-6 on days 7, 14, and 28 (P < 0.05) than those fed CON. This study suggests that the supplementation of 0.02% Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus in the nursery diet can improve the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of weaned pigs by enhancing intestinal morphology, ileal gene expression of tight junction proteins and inflammatory cytokine, and systemic immune responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation to first-calf beef heifers during late gestation on offspring physiology and performance.","authors":"Vinicius Alves Cruz, Rodrigo S Marques, Keenan Kvamme, Arnaldo Cintra Limede, Fernando Alerrandro Andrade Cidrini, Iorrano Andrade Cidrini, Keuven Dos Santos Nascimento, Kelsey M Harvey, Juan F Cordero Llarena, Reinaldo F Cooke","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Forty-four pregnant Angus first-calf heifers (initial body weight [BW] = 490 ± 8 kg, body condition score [BCS] = 5.4 ± 0.06) were selected and assigned to the experiment at the end of their second trimester of gestation. From d 0 until calving, first-calf heifers were gathered and individually fed three times a week with dry distillers' grain (DDG; 3.5 kg/heifer per feeding; as-fed basis) + treatments. Treatments were: 1) 234 g/heifer per feeding of Ca salts of PUFA based on eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids (OMG, Strata; Virtus Nutrition LLC, Corcoran, CA; n = 22), or 2) 234 g/heifer per feeding of Ca salts of saturated and monosaturated fatty acids based on palmitic and oleic acids (CON; EnerGII, Virtus Nutrition; n = 22). From d -11 (d of gestation 192 ± 5.1) to calving, heifers were allocated to rangeland pasture. First-calf heifer BW and BCS were recorded (d -10 and -9), and blood was collected on d -10, and upon calving. Calves were weaned on d 260, and preconditioned from d 260 to 302, and feedlot received from d 303 to 350. No differences were detected (P ≥ 0.33) for heifer BW or BCS changes at calving. A tendency for greater concentration of colostrum IgG (P = 0.08) was observed in heifers supplemented with OMG vs. CON cohorts. There were no differences (P ≥ 0.31) among treatments at calving for calving rate, birth BW, heart girth, and % of male calves born. Calves from OMG heifers had greater (P = 0.04) plasma IgG concentration compared to CON calves. No differences were observed (P ≥ 0.11) for weaning rate and age, birth to weaning ADG, weaning weight, liver enzymes, and serum antibodies against respiratory viruses. During the preconditioning, OMG calves had greater (P ≤ 0.05) final BW and ADG compared with calves born to CON heifers. These differences in performance remained (P ≤ 0.05) throughout the receiving phase. A treatment × day interaction was detected (P = 0.05) for plasma cortisol concentration, which was greater (P < 0.01) for calves born to OMG first-calf heifers on d 260 and 263 and lower (P < 0.01) on d 306 compared to CON cohorts. Supplementing omega-3 fatty acids to late-gestating first-calf beef heifers enhances IgG concentrations in both heifers and their offspring. While offspring growth from birth to weaning remained unaffected, OMG calves demonstrated increased weight during the preconditioning and receiving phases, suggesting potential long-term growth benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Astragalus polysaccharide mitigates Eimeria tenella-induced damage in laying chicks by modulating immunity, inflammation, and intestine barrier.","authors":"Y Y Zhao, X Y Wang, K F Jiang, Q Q Zhou, Y B Ma, Y X Li, X B Li, C Zhang","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Astragalus polysaccharides (APS), the main active component of the traditional Chinese medicine Astragalus, exhibit immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties. This study analyzed the preventive and therapeutic effects of APS on chicks infected with Eimeria tenella (E.tenella) and its impact on intestinal health. A total of 120 1-day-old Hy-Line Brown chicks were assigned to four groups (2 × 2 factorial): (1) Control (0 mg/L APS + 0 sporulated oocysts/chick), (2) APS (1000 mg/L APS + 0 sporulated oocysts/chick), (3) E.tenella (0 mg/L APS + 5×104 sporulated oocysts/chick), (4) E.tenella+APS (1000 mg/L APS + 5×104 sporulated oocysts/chick). The results showed that the addition of APS to the drinking water increased the average daily gain and body weight (day 25) while reduced feed conversion ratio in E.tenella-infected chicks (P < 0.05). APS mitigated cecal lesions (P < 0.05), decreased oocyst shedding (P < 0.05), lowered spleen index (P < 0.05), and elevated bursa and thymus indices (P < 0.05). Serum total protein and alkaline phosphatase activity increased (P < 0.05). Cecal tissue mRNA expression of IL-2, IgG, IgM, Claudin1, Claudin2, ZO-1, and Occludin were increased (P < 0.05), whereas IL-1β, TNF-α, and NF-κB were decreased (P < 0.05). APS enriched cecal f_Lactobacillaceae, g_Lactobacillus, g_Tuzzerella, g_Oscillospira, and g_UBA1819 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the anti-coccidial index (142.10) indicated low-level efficacy. In conclusion, APS alleviated E.tenella damage by modulating immunity, inflammation, microbiota, and intestinal barriers. Although APS demonstrated limited direct anti-coccidial activity, its multi-faceted protective effects suggest potential in the prevention and treatment of coccidiosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diammonium phosphate supplementation in low-protein diets enhances growth performance in growing pigs without compromising carcass traits and meat quality.","authors":"Xianglin Zeng, Guanping Xiao, Wenzhi Liu, Lanmei Yin, Yitong Zhang, Chunchun Geng, Qiye Wang, Huansheng Yang","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf088","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Optimizing low-protein (LP) diets in swine nutrition is critical for reducing nitrogen excretion and resource waste, while reducing meat quality. However, LP diets may disrupt amino acid (AA) balance, affecting growth and health. Supplementing with non-protein nitrogen sources such as diammonium phosphate (DP) can enhance nitrogen utilization and support protein synthesis efficiently. This study aimed to investigate the effects of adding DP to LP diets on growth performance, organ indices, carcass traits, meat quality, and AA composition in growing pigs. Seventy-five barrows (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments: Pos Ctrl (CP: 13.50%), DP1 (CP: 12.00% + DP), DP2 (CP: 10.50% + DP), DP3 (CP: 9.00% + DP), and Neg Ctrl (CP: 9.00%). Each DP-supplemented diet aimed to maintain an essential AA nitrogen to total nitrogen (EAA-N/TN) ratio of 0.48. The pigs had free access to food and water for the 41-day experimental period, with body weight and feed intake were recorded monthly. After overnight fasting, pigs were euthanized, and carcass traits, meat quality, and organ indices were assessed. Blood, liver, and muscle samples were collected for analyses of plasma biochemistry, and AA profiles. The study found that feeding the DP2 diet resulted in the best growth performance, while the DP3 diet significantly improved ADG and G:F compared to the Neg Ctrl diet. The DP3 diet also significantly increase relative liver weight compared to the Neg Ctrl diet. Although no significant differences were observed in carcass traits or meat quality among the dietary treatments, the DP3 diet had a tendency to reduced plasma total protein levels relative to the Neg Ctrl diet. Feeding the DP3 diet did not alter the free AA profile in plasma and liver of growing pigs compared with the Neg Ctrl diet, and there was no effect between the different diets on the hydrolyzed AA profile in muscle. Furthermore, the DP3 diet significantly increased Tau concentrations in the longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) while significantly reducing Car levels compared to the Neg Ctrl diet. In conclusion, these results suggest that adding DP to the LP diet can enhance growth performance and improve meat flavor-related AA content without compromising carcass traits or meat quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship of N-glycosylation and porcine duodenal morphology and function.","authors":"Qianqian Wang, Mingming Guo, Yancan Wang, Jiaxin Chen, Yonggang Zhang, Qiye Wang, Huansheng Yang","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intestinal epithelial cells are the primary performers of intestinal functions and have a highly glycosylated surface. Membrane proteins are regulated by N-linked glycosylation, making it likely that glycosylation plays a key role in cell differentiation. To investigate the effect of glycosylation on intestinal morphology, we selected 90 pigs with an average initial body weight of 27.74±0.28 kg to be housed for an experimental period of 100 d. Individuals with different villus heights were screened on the basis of duodenal intestinal morphometrics data and demonstrated that apparent digestibility of amino acids in ileo-terminal chyme was positively correlated with villus height. The regulatory mechanism of intestinal villus height was then analyzed by transcriptomic sequencing and glycosylation proteomics, and it was found that this difference might be caused by the N-glycan biosynthesis pathway and different N-glycosylation processes on the cell surface. mRNA of genes related to the N-glycosylation synthesis pathway were more highly expressed in individuals with high villus height (P < 0.05), and the expression of genes targeting the Wnt signaling pathway was consistent with the trend of glycosylation-related genes, and the expression of its repressors was lower (P < 0.05). In order to verify the above results, 24 weaned piglets ((6.58 ± 0.15 kg) at 21 days of age) were randomly divided into 3 groups fed 0, 1, 3 g/kg N-acetyl-D-glucose, and 24 weaned piglets ((4.27 ± 0.13 kg) at 21 days of age) were randomly divided into 3 groups fed 0, 0.5, 1 g/kg fucose, then the samples were taken for testing after 28 days. The results showed that glycosylation processes occurring on the surface of duodenal intestinal epithelial cells can influence intestinal morphology through the wnt signaling pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary metabolizable energy density and inclusion of oxidized soybean oil on the growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, redox status, and wooden breast incidence of broilers.","authors":"Doudou Wang, Baohua Dong, Tong Xing, Xiao'e Xiang, Liang Zhao, Feng Gao, Lin Zhang","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dietary nutrients not only affect the growth and pectoral muscle production of broilers, but also are related to the occurrence of pectoral myopathies, such as wooden breast (WB) and white striping. We investigated whether dietary metabolizable energy (ME) densities and inclusion of oxidized soybean oil could affect growth performance, serum biochemical parameters, redox status, and incidence of WB in broilers. One hundred and forty-four 21-d-old Arbor Acres male broilers were assigned into four experimental diets using a 2×2 factorial arrangement, including two ME densities (3100 and 3220 kcal/kg) and two soybean oil types (Fresh oil with peroxide value = 10.23 mEq/kg or oxidized oil with peroxide value = 122.93 mEq/kg). The experiment was lasted for 21 days. The results demonstrated that high ME diets increased broiler body weight gain (BWG) by11.02%, feed intake by 4.98%, and abdominal fat percentage by 17.92%, while decreased feed to gain (F/G) ratio by 3.39% (P < 0.05). Oxidized soybean oil diet increased F/G ratio by 2.92% (P < 0.05) and had a tendency to decrease BWG (P = 0.08). Simultaneously, high ME diet increased concentrations of serum triglyceride, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl (P < 0.05). Concurrently, oxidized soybean oil elevated activity of serum aspartate aminotransferase, and concentrations of glucose, high-density lipoprotein and total bile acid (P < 0.05). Meanwhile oxidized soybean oil increased protein carbonyl concentration and total antioxidant capacity activity (P < 0.05). Moreover, the high ME diet containing oxidized soybean oil decreased serum albumin and low-density lipoprotein levels (P < 0.05). Additionally, the incidence of WB in broilers increases with high ME diets (57.97% vs. 33.80%), and the incidence of WB in the oxidized soybean oil group was higher than that in the fresh soybean oil group (50.73% vs. 40.85%; P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the incidence of moderate and severe WB myopathy was highest in broilers fed high ME diet with oxidized soybean oil, which led to a substantial increase in cellular vacuolization, widespread inflammatory infiltration, and a marked thickening of the intercellular matrix, indicating more severe degradation of myofiber tissue. Thus, we concluded that the combination of high ME and oxidized soybean oil in the diet negatively affected broiler growth performance, serum biochemistry and redox homeostasis, and significantly elevated WB incidence and exacerbated pathological severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Negative energy balance by food deprivation affects the miRNome in the lactating goat omental adipose tissue.","authors":"Yannick Faulconnier, Tao Ye, Christine Leroux","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the main functions of ruminant adipose tissue (AT) is to store lipids for use in productive functions. Body fat mobilization is required during periods of negative energy balance (NEB) such as early lactation or undernutrition. Ruminant nutrition modifies the expression of adipose genes, the regulation of which is not fully understood. The expression of more than 60% of protein-coding genes are post-transcriptionally regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs, small non-coding RNAs, 18-25 nucleotides targeting messenger RNAs). Our aim was to characterize miRNA whose expression is regulated by nutrition in the lactating goat AT. Using high-throughput sequencing technology, miRNomes of the lactating AT were established from lactating goats fed a control diet ad libitum and after 48 h of food deprivation (FD) leading to a NEB. MiRNAs sequencing revealed 637 known miRNAs in omental AT of which 16 showed an expression modulated by FD; 14 were up-regulated and two were down-regulated. The network of miRNA-target enrichment identified two major miRNAs, miR-223-3p and miR-21-5p which were up-regulated by FD and suggested an increase in inflammation of the AT with a NEB obtained after fasting during lactation. The target gene predictions of the differentially expressed miRNAs in AT indicated a significant enrichment in gene ontology functional categories of cell life including apoptosis, cell proliferation and differentiation as well as in gene expression machinery including regulation of translation and transcription. These data suggest that miRNAs may play a key role in the regulation of AT remodeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technical Note: Anomaly detection for breed purity analysis in pigs using a single breed genotype panel.","authors":"Xiaohan Jiang, Austin Putz, Huang Wen, Juan P Steibel","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent advancements in genotyping technologies have revolutionized our ability to estimate breed composition in pigs. The classical compositional regression used for this purpose requires a multibreed panel to detect crossbreeding and its application is limited to breeds in the panel. Some breed entities may not have access to multibreed panel but may have access to a single breed panel. We present crossbreeding detection methods based on semi-supervised anomaly detection techniques that use a single breed genotype panel from purebred animals of interest. By utilizing these methods, we identified and assessed breed outliers within large pig genotype panels.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a fiber-degrading enzyme on ileal digestibility of amino acids and fiber and total tract digestibility of energy and fiber in growing pigs fed diets with high level of corn distillers grains with solubles","authors":"Jinsu Hong, Joseph Halbur, Amy L Petry, Tri Doung, Sara Llamas-Moya, Steve Kitt, Mark Bertram, Eric Weaver","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf076","url":null,"abstract":"Dietary enzyme supplementation may enhance the digestibility and utilization of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) in fiber-rich feedstuffs, which are increasingly being used in swine diets. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a carbohydrase enzyme containing xylanase and cellulase on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of nutrients and fiber fractions in growing pigs. Twelve ileal-cannulated pigs (initial body weight (BW) = 31.7 ± 3.04 kg) were allocated to one of 2 experimental groups differing on carbohydrase enzyme (CE; cellulase and xylanase) supplementation to a corn-soybean meal (SBM)-corn distillers grains with solubles (cDDGS) diet in a completely randomized design. Pigs were housed in individual metabolic crates for 21 d (Period 1) and subsequently transferred to individual floor pens for an additional 28 d (Period 2). Thus, experimental treatments included a corn-SBM-based diet with 30% cDDGS without (Control) or with CE at a dose of 0.2 g/kg of the diet. The diets were fed to pigs at three times their maintenance energy requirements based on their BW, which contained 0.3% titanium dioxide as an indigestible marker. In Period 1, pigs had 14 d of adaptation, followed by 4 d of fecal and urine collection using the total collection method and 2 d of ileal digesta collection. In Period 2, pigs had 23 d of adaptation, followed by 2 d of fecal collection and 2 d of ileal digesta collection. Data were subjected to ANOVA using the MIXED procedure of SAS, and the model included the Period as a repeated term. Dietary CE supplementation improved (P&amp;lt;0.05) the AID of Ile (77.3 vs. 80.0%), Thr (73.8 vs 77.8%), Trp (83.2 vs. 86.6), crude protein (CP, 71.1 vs 75.9%), gross energy (GE, 61.5 vs. 67.6%), neutral detergent fiber (22.0 vs. 29.1%), insoluble dietary fiber (30.9 vs 37.9%), total dietary fiber (29.2 vs 37.1%), and cellulose (12.5 vs. 22.0%). The CE also improved (P&amp;lt;0.05) the ATTD of dry matter (75.4 vs 78.9%), organic matter (80.3 vs. 82.8%), CP (80.8 vs. 85.7%), crude ash (44.4 vs. 57.0%), calcium (58.5 vs. 66.1%), GE (76.5 vs. 79.4%), acid detergent fiber (40.7 vs. 48.2%), and total NSP (49.3 vs. 53.0%). In conclusion, supplementing a corn-SBM-30% cDDGS diet with carbohydrase enzyme with xylanase and cellulase activities increased the availability of nutrients and fiber fractions at the ileum, enhancing further the degradation in the total tract of growing pigs.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143641108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of essential amino acids availability on amino acids uptake, metabolism and casein synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells.","authors":"Mei Sun, Yuanyuan Xing, Jing Yang, Shaoxiong Lin, Yixuan Luo, Xiaojia Mu, Xiaoyu Niu, Yuanyuan Liu, Dabiao Li","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Under current dairy cow feeding conditions, the conversion efficiency of dietary nitrogen into milk protein is less than 30%. A thorough understanding of amino acid (AA) uptake and utilization in mammary in response to AA supply is essential for accurately modeling nutritional requirements. This study utilized bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC) as a model to investigate the effects of increasing total essential amino acid (EAA) concentrations (0.00, 0.97, 1.94, 3.88, and 7.76 mM) on AA uptake, metabolism, and casein synthesis. The control group (0.00 mM) contained the basal medium without any additional EAA supplementation. The EAA mixture consisted of Thr, Lys, Met, His, Arg, Leu, Ile, Val, and Phe, maintained at fixed relative proportions that matched those found in the mammary artery of dairy cows at peak lactation. Nine cell culture plates were used per treatment, with six plates for casein expression analysis and three plates for proteomics analysis. After 24 h of incubation with the EAA, cells were harvested for the respective analyses. The culture medium from six plates was collected for individual AA content measurement. Data were analyzed using SAS (version 9.4). Orthogonal polynomial contrasts were used to determine linear, quadratic, and cubic effects of treatments. Significance was declared at P < 0.05. As EAA concentrations in BMEC medium increased, protein expression of αS1-casein, β-casein, and κ-casein, as well as total EAA, total AA, and each individual EAA uptake (except for Lys) increased quadratically (Pquadratic < 0.01). Meanwhile, uptake efficiency of total EAA, Thr, Met, Ile, Phe, and His decreased linearly (Plinear < 0.01). Moreover, with increasing total EAA concentration from 0.97 to 7.76 mM, decreases in uptake efficiency of Thr, Ile and Phe were greater than for other EAA. Lysine uptake efficiency showed no difference among EAA-treated groups (P > 0.05). The protein expression of key enzymes involved in Met catabolism exhibited significant decreases with increasing EAA concentration (Plinear < 0.01). In contrast, The protein expression of key enzymes associated with Lys (Plinear = 0.008), branched-chain amino acid (BCAA; Pquadratic < 0.05), and Arg (Plinear < 0.001 or Pquadratic < 0.001) catabolism demonstrated opposite trends, showing significant increases with increasing EAA concentration. These findings suggest that when EAA supply exceeds BMEC metabolic requirements, further increases in EAA supply reduce EAA utilization efficiency without enhancing casein synthesis. Furthermore, individual EAA demonstrate distinct uptake patterns and catabolic responses to changes in total EAA concentration.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}