Journal of animal science最新文献

{"title":"Fusobacterium varium in cattle: prevalence and concentrations in healthy livers, liver abscesses, and ruminal and colonic epithelial tissues","authors":"Alyssa K Deters, Mina Abbasi, Reese A Wilson, Kasi N Schneid, Xiaorong Shi, Leigh Ann George, Jacques Mathieu, Dale R Woerner, Kendall L Samuelson, Ty E Lawrence, P R Broadway, Kristin E Hales, T G Nagaraja","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf194","url":null,"abstract":"Fusobacterium varium has recently been revealed as the predominant Fusobacterium species in the bovine rumen. The species is a known pathogen and has been implicated in a wide range of infections in animals and humans. A preliminary study on F. varium in liver abscesses and gut epithelial tissues suggested that further investigation was needed to assess its potential involvement in liver abscesses. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of in-feed tylosin or yeast plus clinoptilolite zeolite in beef-on-dairy heifers, dietary (low vs. high starch) and management strategies (regular vs. erratic feeding) in feedlot steers, and experimentally induced acidosis in steers on the prevalence and concentrations of F. varium in liver abscesses, liver scars, healthy livers, and ruminal and colonic tissues. Prevalence of F. varium was determined, before and after enrichment, by culture- and real time, quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based methods. The culture method yielded F. varium isolates, generally after enrichment, from liver abscesses, liver scars and healthy liver tissues, however, qPCR liver samples were positive only after enrichment, suggesting a prevalence at low concentrations. Tylosin or yeast plus zeolite inclusion reduced prevalence of F. varium in healthy liver tissues, but not in liver abscesses. Dietary starch concentration and feeding practices did not affect prevalence in liver abscesses, liver scars, or ruminal or colonic epithelial tissues. Among the sample types analyzed, ruminal epithelial tissues had high prevalence (70 to 100%) and in quantifiable concentrations, however, concentrations were not affected by any of the treatments. Prevalence of F. varium in colonic epithelial tissues were lower than that of the ruminal epithelium and, generally, concentrations were below the detection limit. Induced ruminal acidosis did not affect prevalence in liver, ruminal or colonic tissues. These findings highlight the wide variations in F. varium prevalence in liver and gut tissues of feedlot cattle. Although F. varium was prevalent in liver abscesses, the low concentrations, expressed via the need for enrichment for isolation or detection, suggest that it is not likely contributing to liver abscess development. However, the high prevalence and concentrations in ruminal and colonic epithelial tissues indicate that F. varium is an active tissue invader and can contribute to ruminitis and colitis in cattle.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144237366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chestnut Tannins Impair Ruminal Fiber Degradation Through Modulation of Cellulolytic Bacterial Activity in Sheep: An In Vivo and In Vitro Investigation","authors":"Mei Sun, Yixuan Luo, Yuanyuan Xing, Meimei Zhang, Yongqiang Yu, Weiyun Wang, Dabiao Li","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf189","url":null,"abstract":"Chestnut tannin (CHT) exhibits multiple biological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. It can modulate the rumen microbiota composition, promoting animal health and improving production performance. This study investigates the effects of CHT on ruminal fermentation, cellulolytic activity, and microbial community of sheep in vivo and in vitro experiments. Eighteen 1.5-year-old Mongolian rams fitted with permanent rumen cannulas (initial body weight: 43.0 ± 2.0 kg) were ranked by body weight from lowest to highest and then divided into six blocks, with three sheep per block. Within each block, the sheep were randomly assigned to one of the following dietary treatments: i) control - basal diet without CHT (0%), ii) 2% CHT - basal diet supplemented with CHT at 2% DM, and iii) 6% CHT - basal diet supplemented with CHT at 6% DM. Rumen fluid was collected to evaluate fermentation parameters, while rumen contents were analyzed for cellulase activity, total bacterial community, and cellulolytic bacterial populations. Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradability was measured using the nylon bag technique. In vitro, dominant ruminal cellulolytic bacteria were cultured with 200 μg/mL and 600 μg/mL CHT to evaluate their growth, morphology, enzyme activities, and cellulose degradation capacity. In vivo results indicated that 6% CHT significantly reduced growth performance and the abundance of cellulolytic bacteria (P < 0.05). The concentration of NH3-N, in situ degradability of NDF, and xylanase activity decreased with increasing CHT supplementation (P < 0.05). In vitro results demonstrated that 200 μg/mL and 600 μg/mL CHT inhibited the growth of fiber-degrading bacteria, disrupted bacterial morphology, reduced the degradation rate of cellulolytic bacteria, and suppressed fiber-degrading enzyme activity (P < 0.05). Collectively, CHT reduced the population of cellulolytic bacteria in the rumen of sheep, inhibited cellulase activity, and affected cellulose digestion in sheep These findings demonstrate that CHT supplementation inhibits ruminal fiber degradation through direct suppression of cellulolytic bacterial growth and activity.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"246 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144202157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technical note: Reducing dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) interference with gene-expression quantification in a mouse model of colitis.","authors":"Drake Hechter, Sara V Good","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gene expression analysis via reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) can be inhibited by various substances, including dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), a chemical commonly used to induce intestinal inflammation in animal models. Ensuring elimination and reduction of qPCR interference in tissues from laboratory animals following oral administration of DSS is critical and may improve the power of experimental tests. While methods for DSS removal have been reported, their effectiveness varies depending on the animal model, extraction techniques, DSS concentration, and treatment duration. We compared the effectiveness of the commonly used RNeasy Plus Universal Mini Kit with and without further lithium chloride (LiCl) precipitation at eliminating or reducing qPCR interference from RNA isolated from the colons of DSS-treated mice with histologically confirmed intestinal damage. The RNeasy Plus Universal Mini Kit alone was insufficient to eliminate interference in colonic tissue, as evidenced by increased quantification cycle (Cq) values and variation in the reference gene expression in DSS-treated distal colons (P adj. = 0.04). LiCl precipitation restored Cq values to control levels and reduced variation. DSS-treatment did not lead to interference in non-enteric tissues, including the spleen and cortex. LiCl precipitation not only restored reference gene expression but also improved the detection of changes in inflammatory markers, Il-6 and Tnf, in colonic tissue. In proximal colons, Il-6 was upregulated 2.97-fold in DSS-treated (non-LiCl precipitated, P adj. = 0.007), and 4.00-fold following LiCl precipitation (P adj. = 0.0004), compared to control mice. In distal colons, Il-6 was upregulated 3.95-fold in DSS-treated (non-LiCl precipitated, P adj. = 0.014) and 5.57-fold after LiCl precipitation (P adj. = 0.001) compared to control. Tnf was upregulated 2.05-fold in DSS-treated (non-LiCl precipitated, P adj. = 0.04), and 2.44 (P adj. = 0.009) after LiCl precipitation compared to controls in proximal colons. In distal colons, Tnf was 3.47-fold higher in DSS-treated (non-LiCl precipitated, P adj. = 0.009) and 4.41-fold higher after LiCl precipitation (P adj. = 0.002) compared to control. These findings demonstrate that the combined use of the RNeasy Plus Universal Mini Kit and LiCl precipitation enhances qPCR performance, ensuring reliable gene expression analysis in colonic tissue following acute DSS treatment in a murine model.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short communication: Bacillus licheniformis 809 and Bacillus subtilis 810 promote in vitro supportive effects against potentially harmful microorganisms under a feed matrix-based assay","authors":"Lena C Capern, Raphaele Gresse, Oscar C M Queiroz, Bruno I Cappellozza","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf186","url":null,"abstract":"We developed a series of in vitro studies to assess the effects of Bacillus licheniformis 809 (BL) and B. subtilis 810 (BS) on the growth of potentially harmful bacteria. The BL and BS as single strains (Exp. 1) or a 1:1 ratio combination of BL and BS (Exp. 2) were inoculated in treatment samples to an estimated concentration of 5 × 105 CFU/g of cattle feed. The strains of E. coli and S. enterica were inoculated and incubated aerobically at 37°C for 18 - 24 h, whereas C. jejuni was incubated microaerophilic at 42°C for 18 to 24 h. After 18 h incubation of the feed samples, each individual pathogenic strain was inoculated to a rate of 1 × 105 CFU for E. coli and S. enterica and 1 × 106 CFU/g feed for C. jejuni, respectively. Immediately after incubating all feed samples aerobically at 37°C, 120 rpm vortex for 24 h for E. coli and S. enterica or microaerophilic at 42°C, no vortex for 32 to 36 h for C. jejuni. Aliquots from all feed samples containing E. coli and S. enterica were incubated aerobically at 37°C for 24 h and for C. jejuni incubated microaerophilic 42°C for 24 h before pathogen enumeration and CFU/g feed calculation. In the first assay, BL significantly reduced the C. jejuni counts at 8, 24, and 36 h (P &amp;lt; 0.001). Similarly, a treatment × hour interaction was also observed (P &amp;lt; 0.001) on the E. coli O149:F4 and O138:F18 counts. For both E. coli, BL and BS reduced the counts of E. coli vs. CON at 4 and 8 h post-DFM addition (P &amp;lt; 0.001) compared to CON, but no differences were observed at 24 h (P ≥ 0.27). Moreover, BL inoculation yielded less E. coli O149:F4 counts when compared to BS at 8 h (P = 0.02), but also at 4 and 8 h when E. coli O138:F18 was evaluated (P ≤ 0.04). For S. enterica Enteritidis, counts were less in BL+BS at 4, 8, and 24 h vs. CON (P ≤ 0.001). Similarly, C. jejuni counts were less for BL+BS at 24 and 32 h (P ≤ 0.0001). Lastly, the counts of E. coli O149:F4 and O138:F18 were less (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) at 6 and 24 h for BL+BS vs. CON. In summary, Bacillus licheniformis 809 and B. subtilis 810, alone or in combination, reduced the in vitro counts of potentially harmful bacteria. Additional work is warranted to evaluate if such responses may be replicated under in vivo challenge models.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144176649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digestive parameters and gut microbiota load and composition along the in vivo piglet gastrointestinal tract","authors":"Chloë Rotsaert, Yorick Minnebo, Cindy Duysburgh, Lin Shu Liu, Karley K Mahalak, Jenni Firman, Lisa M Mattei, Ahmed M Moustafa, Kyle Bittinger, Weiming Hu, Massimo Marzorati, Joris Michiels, Tom Van de Wiele","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf107","url":null,"abstract":"The increased attention towards the role of the gut microbiome in health and disease for both animals and humans has fuelled the demand for more relevant and accurate research models. In this study, we present an overview of biochemical and microbial parameters measured throughout the digestive tract of ten TopigsNorsvin x German Piétrain piglets to better understand the in vivo dynamics of digestive and fermentative processes in different gastrointestinal segments, as pigs are suggested to be a representative animal model for the human gastrointestinal tract. Our key findings include region-specific and significantly differing (P &amp;lt; 0.001) pH profiles, with the stomach having the lowest pH (3.36 ± 0.72) and the ileum the highest (7.24 ± 0.18). Dry matter content also varied significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.001), with the stomach having the highest (27.8 ± 2.4%) and the duodenum the lowest (10.6 ± 0.7%). The average total transit time was 12 hours and 45 minutes ± 1 hour and 42 minutes. Enzyme activities (pepsin, trypsin, amylase) showed interindividual differences. Amino acid levels varied among piglets, with total concentrations averaging 7.04 x 102 ± 2.29 x 102 µg mL-1 in the duodenum, 1.19 x 103 ± 2.69 x 102 µg mL-1 in the jejunum and 9.39 x 102 ± 2.54 x 102 µg mL-1 in the ileum. Bile acid concentrations varied strongly between piglets, with high levels in the gall bladder and varying levels throughout the digestive tract. Short-chain fatty acid concentrations increased significantly (P &amp;lt; 0.001) along the digestive tract, with the highest levels in the large intestine. The microbial load increased consistently (P &amp;lt; 0.001) along the digestive tract, with the highest loads in the rectum (6.82 x 1010 ± 2.88 x 1010 cells mL-1). The highest microbial diversity was observed in the lower intestine (i.e. caecum, colon and rectum), with significant shifts in microbial community composition, especially from the ileum to the caecum. This study provides valuable insights into the digestive and microbiological parameters of the porcine gut, confirming the pig's relevance as a model for gastrointestinal research. The findings can inform the development of in vitro or ex vivo models, reducing ethical constraints of animal studies and aiding in the assessment of dietary interventions on gut health.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel models for estimating metabolizable energy intake of pigs based on body weight and ambient temperature","authors":"Noa Park, Jeonghyeon Son, Beob Gyun Kim","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf183","url":null,"abstract":"Prediction models for estimating voluntary feed intake (VFI) or metabolizable energy intake (MEI) of pigs are available in the literature. During the recent two decades, quite a few data have been reported to address the influence of heat stress on feed intake of pigs. The present study aimed to validate the accuracy of previous prediction equations for estimating VFI and MEI of pigs using data from heat stress experiments in the literature. Additionally, novel equations for estimating MEI of pigs under neutral or high ambient temperature (T) were developed based on body weight (BW) and ambient T. A total of 146 mean values from 30 research papers measuring the effects of heat stress on VFI of pigs published between 2001 and 2024 were used for the validation of the previous equations and development of novel equations. In the 30 papers, the thermoneutral T ranged from 17 to 25 ℃, the heat stress T ranged from 21 to 35 ℃, and the BW of pigs ranged from 19 to 119 kg. Based on the validation of the previous equation for VFI, the intercept representing a mean bias was 118 g/d (standard error = 31; P &amp;lt; 0.001). The validation of the previous equation for estimating the fraction of MEI using lower critical T and ambient T indicated that the intercept representing a mean bias was 834 kcal/d (standard error = 72; P &amp;lt; 0.001). The validation of equation for the fraction of MEI under high T showed a linear bias (slope = 0.196; standard error = 0.072; P = 0.008). Novel equations for estimating MEI and fraction of MEI under neutral or high ambient T were developed. Taken together, previously published equations underestimate feed intake and metabolizable energy intake of pigs based on the present validation study. Additionally, novel equations for estimating metabolizable energy intake under neutral or high ambient temperature have been developed.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short Communication: The imprinted and paternally expressed MIMT1 lncRNA ortholog in pigs","authors":"Jinsoo Ahn, In-Sul Hwang, Mi-Ryung Park, Seongsoo Hwang, In-Cheol Cho, Kichoon Lee","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf182","url":null,"abstract":"A subset of mammalian genes undergoes genomic imprinting, and parent-of-origin-dependent expression of imprinted genes is required for normal development. Although around 40 imprinted genes have been documented in pigs, more detailed investigations into imprinted domains are needed to uncover the imprinting of uncharacterized porcine long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Our study objectives were to investigate the imprinting status of orthologous MIMT1 lncRNA transcripts in pigs, which remains unidentified, and to explore their allelic expression in multiple tissues and conditions within the PEG3 imprinted domain. To this end, we compared the single-base resolution DNA methylome between parthenogenetic and control porcine embryos and identified a differentially methylated region (DMR) that is maternally methylated in the promoter region shared by PEG3 and MIMT1 genes. This was followed by a significantly higher expression of the MIMT1 lncRNA transcript in control embryos (p &amp;lt; 0.05), suggesting its imprinted paternal expression. Based on single nucleotide variants, further analyses revealed that, in addition to confirming the paternal monoallelic expression of PEG3, MIMT1 lncRNA transcripts were enriched in the porcine brain and monoallelically expressed in the brain and its subregions, with the expressed alleles being paternally derived. Our results provide a foundation for investigating the role of the imprinted MIMT1 lncRNA in the growth and development of pigs.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The inclusion of a companion legume or herb, in combination with perennial ryegrass increased growth performance and reduced enteric methane emissions in lambs post-weaning.","authors":"Sarah Woodmartin,Fiona McGovern,Paul E Smith,Tommy M Boland,Lisa McGrane,Anthony Monaghan,Eoin Dunne,Philip Creighton","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf139","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing lamb growth rates directly from pasture and reducing enteric methane (CH4) emissions are key drivers to enhancing production efficiency and achieving more sustainable lamb finishing systems. The objective of this study was to assess the influence of binary sward mixtures of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) plus a companion forage on growth performance, enteric CH4 output, reticulo-rumen content weight (RRcw), rumen fermentation parameters and the composition of the rumen microbiome in growing lambs. A randomized block design was employed to investigate five treatments, namely, perennial ryegrass (PRG), PRG plus white clover (Trifolium repens L.; PRG+WC), PRG plus red clover (Trifolium pratense L.; PRG+RC), PRG plus chicory (Chicorium intybus L.; PRG+Chic) and PRG plus plantain (Plantago lanceolate L.; PRG+Plan). At weaning, 120 lambs (n = 24 per treatment) were selected in both 2021 and 2022 for CH4 measurement using portable accumulation chambers. A further subset of 60 lambs (n = 12 per treatment) were selected from the initial 120 lambs in each year for rumen measurements and sampling. Lambs were weighed fortnightly and drafted for slaughter upon reaching their target live weight (LW). Rumen fluid was harvested using a transoesophageal sampling device post-weaning and manually immediately post-mortem. Average sward companion forage content was 28% on a dry matter basis. Lambs grazing PRG+WC, PRG+RC or PRG+Chic had a higher post-weaning average daily gain (ADG) (P < 0.001) and an increased lifetime ADG (P < 0.001), compared with lambs grazing PRG. The addition of any companion forage resulted in a reduction in age at slaughter of 16-50 days (P < 0.001). Methane production (g/day) and CH4 intensity (g/kg LW and g/kg ADG) were reduced for lambs grazing PRG+WC, PRG+RC, and PRG+Plan (P < 0.001), compared with those grazing PRG. There was a lower relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter (P < 0.001) in lambs grazing PRG+RC over those grazing PRG, PRG+Chic and PRG+Plan. The presence of Prevotella was more abundant in lambs grazing the legume treatments, PRG+WC and PRG+RC, than those grazing PRG (P < 0.001). The RRcw of the PRG lambs was heavier than lambs grazing PRG+WC, PRG+RC and PRG+Plan (P < 0.001). These results suggest that the manipulation of pasture species composition is a promising, practical and feasible strategy to enhance production efficiency and mitigate CH4 from pasture-based lamb production systems.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144136788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of supplemental brewers yeast on postprandial amino acid concentrations in healthy adult sled dogs","authors":"L M Rummell, J R Templeman, C L Cargo-Froom, A K Shoveller","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf180","url":null,"abstract":"Yeast has been used in animal systems to modulate the immune response and support gut health. Certain amino acids (AA) are reported to also exert positive effects on the gut, supporting the intestinal barrier and restoring mucosal immune homeostasis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of brewers yeast on postprandial serum AA appearance in dogs. Nineteen privately-owned domestic Siberian huskies and one Alaskan husky (9 females: 5 intact, 4 spayed; 11 males: 3 intact, 8 neutered), with an average age of 4.8 ± 2.6 years and body weight of 25.6 ± 4.1 kg, were enrolled in this study. Ten dogs received a dry extruded control diet (Ctl) and ten the Ctl diet top-dressed with yeast to receive a daily ß–glucan dose of 7 mg/kg BW (treatment, Trt) for 10 weeks. At weeks -1, 2, 4, and 8 postprandial free AA concentrations were quantified. A fasted blood sample was collected, a meal was provided, followed by further blood sampling 1, 2, and 4 h post-meal. Serum IL-10 concentrations were analyzed from the fasted sample. All data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX of SAS, with dog as a random effect and week, diet group, and sampling time point as fixed effects for AA, and with dog as a random effect and week as a fixed effect and repeated measure for IL-10. There was no effect of treatment on any AA, though a significant Trt*wk*timepoint interaction effect was observed for His and Trp (P ≤ 0.05). An overall increase was observed in many AAs for all dogs – serum concentrations of Lys, Met, Thr, Trp, Ala, Arg, Gln, Gly, Pro, Ser, Tau, and Tyr were greatest at week 8 in all dogs when compared to concentrations at week -1 (P ≤ 0.05). Serum IL-10 concentrations did not differ by week or between groups (P &amp;gt; 0.05). In three Trt dogs that had greater gut permeability than all other dogs at week -2, as reported in a previous publication, serum Ile, Thr, and Val concentrations were greater at week 8 compared to week -1 (P ≤ 0.05) and Leu concentrations were greater 1 and 2 h postprandial at week 8 compared to the same time points at week -1 (P ≤ 0.05). The results of this study suggest that supplemental yeast may have a beneficial effect on peripheral AA availability without impacting inflammatory status in dogs. Future studies should seek to investigate the effects of reducing or improving gut permeability with yeast on nutrient digestive and metabolic efficiencies or consider yeast in clinical nutrition to support dogs with gastrointestinal diseases.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of feeding acetylated high-amylose maize starch and zinc oxide in weaned pigs experimentally inoculated with an enterotoxigenic strain of Escherichia coli","authors":"Danica Evans, Bethany Bowring, Alison Collins, Julie Clarke, Jae-Cheol Kim, Josie Mansfield, John R Pluske","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf181","url":null,"abstract":"Post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) remains a major problem for some pork producers, exacerbated by restrictions or bans on the use of antimicrobial compounds. Acetylated high amylose maize starch (HAMSA) delivers acetate to the large bowel and may reduce the severity of enteric infections, including those caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli). This study examined the effects of HAMSA and zinc oxide (ZnO) supplementation on PWD and performance in pigs experimentally inoculated with an F4 enterotoxigenic strain of E. coli (F4-ETEC). Seventy-two weaned pigs were divided into 3 dietary groups: (1) control (no antimicrobial compounds); (2) control plus 3,000 mg ZnO/kg; (3) control plus 50 g HAMSA/kg. Pigs commenced diets on the day of weaning, were inoculated with an F4-ETEC strain on days 5 and 6, and were fed diets ad libitum for 21 days. The incidence of PWD (χ2 = 0.035) and the diarrhea index (P = 0.032) were both lowest, commensurate with a lower plasma haptoglobin concentration (P = 0.010), in pigs fed ZnO than pigs fed other diets, despite there being a trend for an interaction (P = 0.088) in pigs fed HAMSA to have a lower F4 E. coli:Total E. coli ratio on d 11 after weaning. Pigs fed ZnO and HAMSA grew faster (P = 0.009) and ate more (P = 0.048) in week 3 than control pigs. Overall, there was a trend (P = 0.065) for pigs fed the ZnO diet or HAMSA diet to eat ~ 20% more than those fed the control diet that resulted in a trend (P = 0.064) for ZnO- and HAMSA-fed pigs to weigh ~ 10% more than control-fed pigs at the end of the study. The HAMSA-fed pigs had a lower (P = 0.044) FCR in week 3, and overall (P = 0.003). Pigs fed HAMSA did not show any increase (P &amp;gt; 0.05) in their fecal short-chain fatty acid or acetate concentrations. The significant effect of HAMSA on FCR justifies further investigation as this may improve production efficiency in the post-weaning period following an enteric F4-ETEC infection.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"138 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}