Journal of animal science最新文献

{"title":"5 Hands-on 3: Building a customizable chatbot using large language models.","authors":"John Gottula, Shelly Hunt","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf300.089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf300.089","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers and teachers are often dismayed by outrageous answers received from large language models (LLMs). In this workshop, you will learn how to arm an LLM with specific knowledge, such as from an animal agriculture research program. Participants’ expected learning outcomes are to 1) become familiar with natural language processing 2) learn best practices for LLM augmentation 3) understand how building a knowledgeable chatbot could apply to your research, teaching or extension program","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"54 The effect of weaning age on physiological, behavioral, and performance indicators of welfare in weaned piglets.","authors":"Bianca F Metallo, Lucas C Spetic Da Selva, Arieli Daieny Da Fonseca, Richard T Niblett, Edgar O Aviles-Rosa","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf300.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf300.002","url":null,"abstract":"For the past 30 years, research has been conducted to determine the effect of weaning age on piglets’ performance. Nonetheless, the literature is full of contradictory results, and thus there remains no clear consensus on the optimal weaning age. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of weaning piglets at 3 and 4 weeks of age (approximately 21 and 28 days) on a set of physiological, behavioral, and performance indicators of welfare, to gain a holistic understanding of the impact of weaning age on piglets’ overall welfare. Sixteen litters were randomly assigned to be weaned at 3 (21-25 days; n=80) or 4 (28-34 days; n=80) weeks of age. At weaning, piglets were blocked by weight and randomly housed in mixed-sex pens of 5 piglets. Blood samples were collected from one focal male and female, per pen, prior to weaning and at 24 hours and 7 days post-weaning to evaluate a treatment effect on blood leukocytes. A subset of pens was video recorded for the first 48 hours post-weaning to evaluate their behavior. Weight gain and feed intake were monitored at 7-, 14-, 21-, and 28-days post-weaning. A series of mixed models were used for statistical analysis. The models included the fixed effects of weaning age, time, and their interaction, and the random effect of pig or pen. Piglets weaned at 3 weeks expressed a higher neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (3 weeks = 1.93 ± 0.20 SE, 4 weeks = 0.98 ± 0.20 SE; P < 0.001) at 24 hours post-weaning, and less feeding behavior (3 weeks = 0.35 ± 0.08% SE, 4 weeks = 1.34 ± 0.29% SE; P < 0.05) during the first 24 hours post-weaning, compared to piglets weaned at 4 weeks. Overall, piglets weaned at 3 weeks also had lower average daily feed intake (3 weeks = 0.47 (95% CI 0.43, 0.50), 4 weeks = 0.69 (95% CI 0.64, 0.73) kg/day; P < 0.0001) and lower average daily gain (3 weeks = 0.32 (95% CI 0.28, 0.37), 4 weeks = 0.48 (95% CI 0.44, 0.52) kg/day; P < 0.0001) during the 28-day nursery phase. Our results indicate that weaning piglets at 4 weeks of age, as opposed to 3 weeks, has a positive impact not only on their performance, but also on behavioral and physiological indicators of welfare, highlighting the welfare benefits of delaying weaning.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"350 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"311 Investigating metabolomic profiles associated with canine fearfulness","authors":"Scarlett Burron, Dave J Seymour, Candace Croney, Alexandra Harlander, Anna K Shoveller","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf300.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf300.112","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic fear and anxiety experienced by domestic dogs pose significant welfare concerns, yet the molecular mechanisms related to these states remain poorly understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the relationships between type and level of fear shown by dogs and peripheral metabolites, aiming to identify metabolic markers that could inform future nutritional strategies for managing fearfulness. One hundred and one client-owned adult dogs of various breeds (48 females; 53 males, 4.2 ± 2.1 years, and 25.7 ± 11.6 kg [mean ± SD]) were recruited for this study. Included dogs ranged from those described by their owners as not generally fearful to very fearful and none were on medications or supplements. Owners completed a questionnaire, based on the Canine Behavioral Assessment and Research Questionnaire (C-BARQ), which includes scenario-based questions scored on a scale from 0 (no fear) to 4 (extreme fear). Responses were categorized into three fear subtypes: stranger-oriented (fear of unfamiliar people), dog-oriented (fear of other dogs), and non-social (fear of unfamiliar situations, objects, or noises) for analysis. To standardize dietary nutrient profiles, dogs were fed a commercial kibble (Acana, Classics Red Meat Recipe) for ≥ 4 weeks prior to blood collection. Serum samples underwent non-targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolite profiling. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between fear subtypes and individual metabolites using SAS Studio, with dog as a random effect. Multiple comparisons were corrected using the Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR) adjustment and data was considered significant at pFDR < 0.05. Two metabolites, L-homophenylalanine and indoleacetate, were associated with higher owner-reported non-social fear (pFDR < 0.04). No associations were found between metabolites and human- or dog-oriented fear (pFDR > 0.05). Indoleacetate is a microbial metabolite of tryptophan that acts as a signaling molecule in the gut-brain axis in other mammals, suggesting a potential link between gut-derived metabolites and some types of fear in dogs. While the role of L-homophenylalanine is not well understood in mammals, it is commonly detected in the canine fecal microbiome, further supporting a possible connection between gut microbial metabolism and pathways involved in fear responses. These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence highlighting the important role of gut-brain interactions in fear and anxiety, laying the groundwork for future research in this area. By identifying specific metabolites associated with canine fearfulness, this study provides a foundation for continued exploration of microbiome-metabolite links and the development of targeted nutritional strategies to support behavioral well-being in dogs.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSII-9 Supplementation with calcium salts from soybean oil in Nellore heifers during gestation leads to proteomic changes on Longissimus thoracis of offspring at slaughter.","authors":"Claudia C P Paz, Amanda C M Queiroz, Aline N Rodrigues, Keuven S Nascimento, Igor M Ferreira, Mateus J I Abreu, Mariana N F Vital, Gustavo R Siqueira, Flávio D Resende, Nedenia B Stafuzza","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf300.390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf300.390","url":null,"abstract":"Maternal supplementation during pregnancy with calcium salts from soybean oil (CSSO), a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids, can modulate gene expression during fetal development that may persist throughout the life of the offspring, affecting their productive performance. Thus, this study aimed to identify differently abundant proteins in the Longissimus thoracis muscle of Nellore offspring in response to supplementation with CSSO during the middle and final thirds of gestation of Nellore heifers. Eighty-two pregnant Nellore heifers (385 ± 49.0 kg body weight) were used in this study at 123 ± 13 days of gestation. All heifers were conceived by fixed-time artificial insemination protocol at 14 and 24 months of age with semen from one bull. The heifers were kept in paddocks with Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu and were supplemented. The treatments consisted of the complete supplement in the amount of 3 g/kg body weight with CSSO (41 heifers) or without CSSO (41 heifers). After weaning, 24 male calves were selected to compose the growth (10g supplement/kg body weight) and finishing phases (feedlot for 98 days). Samples from L. thoracis muscle were collected during the slaughter to evaluate the meat quality of offspring. Maternal supplementation with CSSO resulted in increased marbling (P < 0.05). A subset of 16 samples (8 with CSSO and 8 without CSSO) were used for proteomic analysis by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The data were processed using the Comet algorithm and the ovine Uniprot database. Data validation and scoring were performed using the Peptide Prophet and Protein Prophet algorithms (FDR ≤ 0.05). Proteins with fold-change ratios ≥ 1.5 and ≤ 0.67 were considered as differentially abundant (P < 0.05). The differentially abundant proteins detected between groups were used to perform functional enrichment analysis by the DAVID tool. Forty-seven differentially abundant proteins were identified between the two experimental groups. Among the differentially abundant proteins, we highlighted those that act in metabolic pathways that contributes to differences observed between treatments, such as cytoskeleton in muscle cells (SUN1, TNNI2, SSPN, MYH1, MYH4, FBN1, ENO2), muscle contraction (TNNI2, MYH1), motor proteins (TUBA8, TNNI2, KIF16B, MYH1), lipid metabolic process (FAH, FUT1, PLCE1), glycerophospholipid metabolism (AGPAT3), metabolism of amino acids and derivatives (AMD1), metabolism of carbohydrates (ENO2), and mineral absorption (TF). Identifying abundant protein changes caused by fetal programming and their roles in critical biological mechanisms to muscle growth and meat quality traits contributes to our understanding of the key mechanisms underlying the effects in the skeletal muscle of Nellore offspring due to maternal supplementation with a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"414 Enhancing estrus detection in group-housed dairy cattle: Evaluating computer vision against traditional and sensor-based methods.","authors":"Cierra Clayton, Malena Heck, Kenneth Graves, Christopher Hudson, Marcus McGee","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf300.293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf300.293","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advancements in computer vision have the potential to revolutionize animal management in the dairy industry. As a cost-effective alternative to activity monitors, computer vision reduces the number of devices required per animal. The present study compares computer vision techniques (CV) with traditional visual observation (TVO) and activity monitors (ACT) for estrus detection. Ten lactating Holstein Friesian cows housed in a single pen were examined for estrus over a ten-day trial period. Twelve hours prior to trial initiation, cows were fitted with an AfiTag II activity monitor (Afimilk) and synchronized 60 hours later via a single injection of Lutalyse (Dinoprost tromethamine 5mg/mL; Zoetis). Four corner mounted cameras captured continuous 1080p resolution footage, resulting in a total of 960 hours of video for post hoc data analysis. All video was manually reviewed for positive identification of behavioral estrus based on a pre-defined threshold behavioral score. TVO was conducted by trained observers over three 15-minute periods per day beginning at 03:15, 11:45, and 15:15, with expression of estrus behaviors quantified throughout each day. ACT data was manually recorded every 12 hours and included steps (S) and lying bouts (LB). Differences in activity were calculated each collection period, with a two-fold increase identified as a positive indication of behavioral estrus based. YOLOv10s was used as the CV base model. Sixty-two hours of estrus-related footage were selected and extrapolated into 223,200 frames. From these extrapolated frames, 1,152 were manually labeled for estrus behaviors. Eighty percent of the labeled frames were used for training, while twenty percent were used for validation. Rectal temperature (RT), and temperature-humidity index (THI) were recorded throughout the trial period to assess environmental effects. Statistical analyses were performed using the PROC MIXED procedure in SAS software. LB and S were not significantly influenced by THI (LB: P = 0.48, S: P = 0.67), RT (LB: P = 0.37, S: P = 0.51), or each other (LB: P = 0.97, S: P = 0.97); however, they varied significantly by cow (LB: P < 0.01, S: P = 0.03) and hour post-injection (LB: P < 0.01, S: P < 0.01). Precision, recall, and F1 scores were calculated for each estrus detection method. TVO had 100% precision, 25% recall and an F1 score of 40%. ACT provided 87.5% precision, 70% recall, and an F1 score of 77.8%. CV achieved 95.9% precision, 91.4% recall, and an F1 score of 93%. Though TVO had perfect precision, its low recall score reflects many false negatives. To this end, modern technologies appear superior to TVO, with CV dominant over ACT. Given its greater performance and reduced reliance on per-animal devices, computer vision presents a cost-efficient and accurate estrus detection solution for dairy producers.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"128 The Effect of natural product treatments on the hepatic metabolism of androstenone in boars.","authors":"Christine Bone, James Squires","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf300.238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf300.238","url":null,"abstract":"The pregnane X receptor (PXR), constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) are ligand-activated nuclear receptors that modulate the hepatic metabolism of endogenous compounds, including androstenone, a testicular steroid produced by intact male pigs. Inefficient metabolism of androstenone contributes to its accumulation in adipose tissue, which promotes the development of boar taint, a meat quality issue characterized by off-odours and off-flavours in some heated pork products. Natural products (NPs) found in plants and herbal medicines act as ligands for PXR, CAR, and FXR in humans and may increase the hepatic metabolism of androstenone in boars. Therefore, this study examined the effects of several NPs, including hyperforin (HYP; PXR agonist), diallyl sulfide (DAS; CAR agonist), oleanolic acid (OA; FXR modulator), ginkgolide A (GINK; PXR and CAR agonist), and (Z)-guggulsterone (GUG; PXR agonist, CAR inverse agonist, FXR antagonist) on androstenone metabolism in porcine hepatocytes. Hepatocytes were isolated from the livers of 5-month-old crossbred [(Yorkshire x Landrace) x Duroc] boars (n=8) and incubated for 24 hours with NP treatments or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a control. Cells were then treated with androstenone for 3 hours, after which culture media was collected for high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of androstenone metabolism and metabolite production. Hepatocytes were also harvested to assess gene expression via RT-qPCR. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way ANOVA in SAS, with a significance threshold of p ≤ 0.05, and the Benjamini-Hochberg correction was applied to control for multiple comparisons. Relative to the DMSO control, NP treatments significantly altered the expression of key genes involved in hepatic androstenone metabolism. UGT1A6 was upregulated by GINK (p=0.05) and GUG (p=0.04) and downregulated by OA (p=0.004), while FXR expression increased with OA (p=0.02). NR2F1 was downregulated by DAS (p=0.03), GINK (p=0.03), and GUG (p=0.02), HNF4A by OA (p=0.008), and PGC1α by DAS (p=0.03) and GUG (p=0.05). NP treatments had minimal effects on overall androstenone metabolism relative to DMSO; however, treatment responses varied among individual boars. Relative to DMSO, DAS increased overall androstenone metabolism in 75% of boars, GINK, GUG, and HYP in 63%, and OA in 50%. Among positive responders, overall androstenone metabolism was significantly increased by DAS (p=0.04) and GUG (p=0.05). Additionally, DAS increased the production of Phase I androstenol metabolites (p=0.0008). These results suggest that DAS and GUG may be promising dietary treatments for boar taint but highlight the need to assess treatment responses on an individual basis. Future research should include in vivo feeding trials to evaluate the efficacy of these NPs and identify biomarkers associated with positive treatment outcomes to allow for their targeted and effective application to reduce boar taint.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"122 Changes in blood metabolic profile of beef cows with and without access to shade or chromium supplementation during gestation under heat stress conditions.","authors":"Matheus Fellipe Lana Ferreira, Isabelle Siqueira, Ronaldo Gomes, Ashley K Edwards, Barbara Roqueto do Reis, Marcelo Vedovatto, Hiam Marcon, Luciana Renno","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf300.244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf300.244","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to evaluate the changes in blood metabolic profile of cows with or without access to shade and chromium (Cr) supplementation during mid and late gestation. Seventy-two fall-calving Angus-cross fall-calving black-hided Angus-cross cows were stratified by body weight (BW; 566 ± 5.38 kg) and body condition score (BCS; 6.3 ± 0.5) and allocated into 1 to 12 bermudagrass pastures (3 to 5 ha pastures). Treatments were randomly assigned to pastures in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: cows with or without access to artificial shade and Cr supplementation [shade and Cr (SC), no shade and Cr (NSC), shade and no Cr (SNC), and no shade and no Cr (NSNC)], from day 0 to 150 ± 20 d prepartum. Shade structures provided on average approximately 4.2 m2 of shade per animal/pasture. All pasture areas had no natural shade. The Cr was added to a loose-mineral mix in an organic form (Cr propionate) to provide a target intake of 0.5 mg of Cr/kg of total diet. Cow blood samples were collected on d 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 210 via jugular vein using commercial tubes containing no additive for serum harvest. Blood samples were centrifuged at 2,500 × g for 30 min at 4°C for serum. Serum samples were analyzed for albumin, total protein, globulin, urea N, glucose, creatinine, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) concentrations, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activities using a Beckman Coulter AU480 Chemistry Analyzer. Statistical analyses were performed using the mixed procedure of SAS. Differences were determined at P < 0.05. No effects of shade, Cr, or possible interactions between treatments and day were found for albumin and GGT concentrations (P >0.05). Effect of shade and day of the study was found for glucose and NEFA concentrations (P< 0.01). Glucose concentrations were greater for no-shaded cows on d 30, 90 and 120 (P<.0001), whereas NEFA concentrations were reduced for no shaded cows on d 90 and 120 (P< 0.01). ALT concentrations were greater for shaded cows (P=0.03). Effect of Cr and day was found for total protein, globulins, creatinine, and AST. Cows supplemented with Cr showed reduced total protein and globulins on d 60, 90 and 120, reduced creatinine on d 90 and 120, and increased concentrations of ALT on d 90 (P<.0001). Effect of Shade × Cr × day was found for SUN, where NSNC cows had lowest concentration, followed by SNC and similar concentrations between SC and NSC (P< 0.001). Overall, removing shade affected cows’ energy-related metabolites, indicating mobilization of body reserves. Cr supplementation does not seem to attenuate changes on energy-related metabolites but altered indicator of the protein status.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"197 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"261 Complementarity of meat and meat substitutes in human diets.","authors":"Robin R White","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf300.283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf300.283","url":null,"abstract":"The role of animal-sourced foods (ASF) in healthy human diets is increasingly scrutinized. The objective of this study was to explore how diets varying in protein content and protein source (ASF vs substitutes) varied in their ability to support balanced dietary nutrient profiles. Data on nutritional composition of foods were obtained from USDA FoodData Central. Foods were categorized as meats and meat substitutes (types included: Lamb, veal, and game products; finfish and shellfish products; pork products; legumes and legume products; nuts and seed products; beef products) or other dietary components (types included: vegetables and vegetable products; fruits and fruit juices; cereal grains and pasta; dairy and egg products). A total of 3,855 foods were considered. From these foods, 500,000 dietary scenarios were generated. Adapted from the Dietary Guidelines for Americans serving recommendations, each scenario consisted of 3 servings of vegetables, 2 servings of fruits, 2 servings of meats or meat substitutes, 2 servings of grains, and 2 servings of dairy/eggs. The specific food items to meet these serving targets were randomly selected in each scenario from the full set of foods within each respective category. In each scenario, the expected food intake and dietary composition of energy and nutrients was calculated and evaluated relative to the nutrient requirements of an adult human. Data were analyzed using Bayesian networks trained for each nutrient of interest based on the simulated scenario results. Nodes included binary categorical variables reflecting the inclusion of different meat or meat substitute types, continuous variables reflecting the amount of food consumed, the protein as a percent of energy intake, and a binary response variable reflecting the adequacy of diet for the nutrient of interest. For each network, the conditional probabilities of the diet being adequate given use of each meat or meat substitute type and low (protein < 18.5% of energy intake), moderate (protein 18.5 to 26.6% of energy intake) or high (protein >26.6% of energy intake) protein levels were calculated. The inclusion of meats in the diet increased the probability of adequate intake of essential amino acids, iron, zinc, vitamin B12 and B6, particularly in diets with low protein as a percent of energy. The inclusion of meat substitutes supported adequate intake of fiber, linoleic acid, magnesium, potassium, and folate, showing high complementarity with meats. These data reinforce the nutritional complementarity of meat and meat substitutes, and suggest that protein source is less impactful on nutrient adequacy when diets are high in protein.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSV-26 Phenotypic plasticity of Gliricidia sepium under different planting densities.","authors":"Eduardo Machado, Marcelo Rodrigues, Eduardo Pereira Jr, Flavio Kaneko, Vanessa Galati, Gervasio Pegoraro, José C B Dubeux Jr, Evandro Muniz, Flavia van Cleef, Eric H C B van Cleef","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf300.550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf300.550","url":null,"abstract":"Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp (G. sepium) is a versatile leguminous tree with significant potential for enhancing ecosystem services and supporting sustainable agriculture. Its ability to adapt to varying planting densities is crucial for maximizing biomass yield and forage quality. This study investigated the anatomical, productive, and bromatological responses of G. sepium to different planting densities, testing the hypothesis that increased density induces anatomical adaptations that enhance biomass production. A randomized block experiment evaluated three planting densities (10,000, 20,000, and 30,000 plants ha⁻¹), analyzing micromorphometric traits, biomass yield, bromatological composition, and key correlations among these variables. Leaf micromorphometric analysis revealed density-dependent changes in the abaxial epidermal surface, upper and lower collenchyma, lacunar parenchyma, and stomatal number and density. In stems, significant variations were observed in the medullary radius, cortex, and periderm, while roots exhibited structural modifications in the periderm and phloem. Higher planting densities positively influenced vegetative growth, with total edible plant length increasing linearly (P = 0.002), with no change in total forage production (P > 0.10). Among bromatological traits, hemicellulose content showed a decreasing trend as planting density increased (P = 0.09). Strong correlations between micromorphometric, biometric, productive, and bromatological variables suggested an integrated structural and functional adaptation to planting density. A density of 30,000 plants ha⁻¹ was optimal, balancing anatomical development, productivity, and quality. These findings confirm the phenotypic plasticity of G. sepium, demonstrating its ability to structurally and functionally adapt under intensive planting conditions. Such adaptations enhance its potential for high-yield forage production, supporting its domestication and sustainable use for ruminant feeding systems.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"263 Precision livestock feeding for improving animal welfare.","authors":"Courtney L Daigle","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf300.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf300.015","url":null,"abstract":"Generating a population of livestock animals that is resilient to environmental challenges requires identifying those that have the capacity to cope to changes within with their current conditions (i.e., plasticity). Technological advancements have progressed sufficiently to realistically monitor the feeding behavior of individual livestock animals while they are housed in large groups. Monitoring individual animal consumption patterns while in commercially relevant social group sizes and under real-world management strategies presents an opportunity to identify specific individuals that are well suited to the current and future commercial production environments. Historically, many animals in production settings have been monitored and evaluated as groups, an assessment strategy that is vulnerable to overlooking the welfare challenges of individuals in favor of group averages and omits the opportunity to identify individuals that are thriving (or suffering) in their current paradigm. Understanding how individual animals consume feed and interact with their environment can facilitate the characterization of behavioral phenotypes for either feed efficiency, water efficiency, thermotolerance, or social tolerance. Consumption patterns are controlled by neurological (e.g., autonomic nervous system, limbic system) and hormonal mechanisms (e.g., serotonergic system, ghrelin and leptin cycles), thus, evaluating individual feeding behavior can be used to identify behavioral phenotypes that inform genetic selection efforts. Precision feeding efforts can improve welfare by 1) using data to characterize behavioral phenotypes and identify real-time responses to consumption patterns, 2) early detection of injury or disease onset, and 3) assurances that all individuals within a group are accessing adequate nutrition. While many of the physical technologies needed to collect feeding data have been developed, and their costs have been decreasing over time, the new frontier in our understanding of individual feeding behavior is in the analysis, interpretation, and relevance to other traits important (e.g., water efficiency, thermotolerance, aggression) to regenerative agriculture.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"158 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}