Journal of animal science最新文献

{"title":"164 Combining in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches for studying taste perception and preferences of domestic cats and dogs","authors":"Scott J McGrane","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.152","url":null,"abstract":"Developing food products for pet cats and dogs is an important and challenging area of the food industry. The diet offered must be both balanced and palatable to ensure the amount of food eaten meets their nutritional requirements. The taste perception of pets is different from humans in many cases (Li et al., 2005) and therefore species-specific research is necessary. Hence, understanding the flavor preferences of cats and dogs is an important area of research and requires multiple disciplines and scientific approaches. We have developed a range of complimentary methods for studying taste perception and preferences of domestic cats and dogs In silico: homology models of the pet taste receptors have been developed. These models are used to identify candidate compounds and elucidate the mechanisms of taste perception of pets. In vitro: cell-based high throughput screening assays of pet taste receptors have also been developed. These assays are used to identify taste-active compounds and confirm response to those identified via the in silico method to refine the model. In vivo: finally, a two-bottle choice test for cats has been developed. This test is used to confirm hedonic responses and determine optimum concentrations of single compounds and mixtures identified by the in silico and/or in vitro methods. Using this novel approach, we now have a deeper understanding of the taste perception and preferences of pets, with specific examples including Umami (McGrane et al., 2023) and Kokumi (Laffitte et al., 2021) taste perception of cats and bitter taste perception of dogs (Gibbs et al., 2022). This approach has also enabled us to reduce the number of in vivo tests required, so implementing the 3Rs, by prioritizing the most promising tastants using the in silico and in vitro methods. Gibbs, M., Winnig, M., Riva, I., Dunlop, N., Waller, D., Klebansky, B., Logan, D.W., Briddon, S.J., Holliday, N.D., McGrane, S.J. 2022. Bitter taste sensitivity in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) and its relevance to bitter deterrents of ingestion. PLoS One. 17:e0277607. Laffitte, A., Gibbs, M., Hernangomez de Alvaro, C., Addison, J., Lonsdale, Z.N., Giribaldi, M.G., Rossignoli, A., Vennegeerts, T., Winnig, M., Klebansky, B., Skiles, J., Logan, D.W., McGrane, S.J. 2021. Kokumi taste perception is functional in a model carnivore, the domestic cat (Felis catus). Sci Reports 2021 111. 11:1–17. Li, X., Li, W., Wang, H., Cao, J., Maehashi, K., Huang, L., Bachmanov, A.A., Reed, D.R., Legrand-Defretin, V., Beauchamp, G.K., Brand, J.G. 2005. Pseudogenization of a sweet-receptor gene accounts for cats’ indifference toward sugar. PLoS Genet. 1:0027–0035.McGrane, S.J., Gibbs, M., Hernangomez De Alvaro, C., Dunlop, N., Winnig, M., Klebansky, B., Waller, D. 2023. Umami taste perception and preferences of the domestic cat (Felis catus), an obligate carnivore. Chem Senses. 48.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSV-14 The effects of calcium cyanamide on greenhouse gases, ammonia emissions, and the microbiome of dairy cattle lagoon water","authors":"Alice Rocha, Briana Morales, Hamed El Mashad, Yuee Pan, Yongjing Zhao, Frank M Mitloehner","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.585","url":null,"abstract":"Dairy manure management is responsible for a significant amount of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in California. Aside from redesigning infrastructure to adopt alternative manure management systems, there are few options available to farmers to mitigate emissions without substantial financial investment. Calcium cyanamide, a new manure additive, showed significant reductions in GHG emissions when applied to fresh dairy cow slurry, but has not been tested on dairy lagoon water. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of calcium cyanamide on GHG and NH3 emissions and the microbiome of dairy lagoon water. Lagoon water was collected from a commercial dairy, and distributed into 12 stainless steel barrels. Three treatments (n = 4/treatment) of different doses of calcium cyanamide were tested: high (LW-HD; 1 kg/m3 lagoon water), low (LW-LD; 0.5 kg/m3 lagoon water), and control with no calcium cyanamide (LW-CONT; n = 4). Each barrel was sampled over two, 14-d periods, staggered to four barrels at a time, using OdoFlux chambers to monitor emissions for carbon dioxide (CO2,), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and ammonia (NH3). Treatments LW-LD and LW-HD contained significantly more total solids, total nitrogen and total carbon compared with LW-CONT. There was also a significantly greater concentration of acetic acid in LW-LD and LW-HD treatments compared with LW-CONT. CO2 emissions in LW-LD and LW-HD were 2.96% and 12.03% less than LW-CONT. CH4 emissions in LW-LD and LW-HD were 80.9% and 85.13% less compared with LW-CONT. N2O emissions in LW-LD and LW-HD were 81.1% and 82.66% less than LW-CONT. However, NH3 fluxes were greater in LW-LD and LW-HD compared with LW-CONT by 65.26% and 65.73%, respectively. The microbiome of the lagoon water was also affected, with reductions in relative abundance of the Proteobacteria phylum responsible for nitrification in LW-LD and LW-HD and increases in the Firmicutes phylum containing acetogenic bacteria. Calcium cyanamide could inhibit methanogenesis by increasing acetogenic bacteria that compete with methanogens for fermentation substrates. Further research is needed to investigate the efficacy of calcium cyanamide in a commercial lagoon setting.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142231352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"252 Evaluating the impact of inclusion of field pea (Pisum sativum) on rumen fermentation profile, production parameters, and composition of rumen bacterial community of dairy cattle","authors":"Arezoo Alizadeh, Hooman Derakhshani, Jan Cornelis Plaizier","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.403","url":null,"abstract":"Field peas (FP) are characterized by a crude protein (CP) content ranging from 24% to 28% of dry matter (DM). Approximately 78% of this protein is rumen degradable. Hence, FP can be a viable alternative protein source for livestock. We examined the effect of partially substituting corn-based concentrates with FP on production parameters, rumen fermentation profile, and the composition of the rumen bacterial community in lactating dairy cows. Lactating, non-pregnant Holstein cows (n = 12) were used in a repeated 3 × 3 Latin square with 21-d experimental periods, with the last 7 d used for sample and data collection. Cows were fed a basal TMR (control), or partially mixed diets to which 3.9% (LP), or 7.8% DM (HP) of FP were added. The control diet contained on a DM basis 17.4% CP, 4.5% crude fat, 28.0% starch, and an estimated 1.67 Mcal/kg of net energy for lactation (NEL). The FP contained 22.5% CP, 1.67% crude fat, 44.7% starch, and an estimated 1.81 Mcal NEL/kg. The rumen bacterial composition was analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Cows fed the HP diet had greater (P < 0.05) ruminal ammonia (NH3-N), milk urea nitrogen (MUN), and plasma urea concentrations than those fed control and LP diets. Digestibility of DM was greater (P < 0.05) for cows fed control and LP diets than for cows fed the HP diet. The CP total tract digestibility decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of peas in the diet. Compared with the control, the HP diet tended (P = 0.09) to increase the total ruminal concentration of branched-chain volatile fatty acids. The addition of FP to the diets did not affect the alpha diversity, as indicated by Shannon’s index, and the beta diversity of the rumen bacterial community [p(PERMANOVA) = 0.97]. However, the relative abundances of several bacterial taxa, including amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) belonging to Bacteroidia, Clostridia, and Gammaproteobacteria decreased in response to the addition of FP to the diet. Taken together, our results suggest that up to an inclusion rate of 7.8% DM, FP can be included in corn grain-based diets of lactating dairy cows without adverse effects on milk yield, milk composition, rumen fermentation characteristics, and rumen microbial composition.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142231475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"158 Probiotics in silage production","authors":"Luiz Gustavo Nussio","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.440","url":null,"abstract":"Probiotics may improve ruminal and/or intestinal conditions and according to FAO/WHO, 2002 which states “mono or mixed strains of living microorganisms which confer desirable health benefits on the host when used adequately”. It should be nonpathogenic, able to give a viable cell count, has a positive effect on the health of the host, and enhance the functions of the intestinal tract. The most commonly used probiotics are from Lentilactobacillus genus formerly quoted as Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus lactis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactobacillus salivarius, Bifido bacterium spp., Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus thermophilus, Escherichia coli bacteria, and other probiotic fungi such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces boulardii. Probiotics may benefit farm animals by improving feed efficiency, body weight gain, milk yield and immune response. In silages, the major claim is regarding the microbiome, coming either from the wild original microbial population endophytic and epiphytic or mainly from silage microbial additives. After silage fermentation, microbiome is largely changed towards less diversity of viable species of bacteria, yeasts and fungi and many different compounds resulted from the substrate undergone through the metabolic pathways. The survival of the original/added microbiome throughout the silage fermentation still remains as a key question and results are largely influenced across trials. Only recently, the use of next-generation sequencing and PacBio single-molecule real-time sequencing technology offered high-throughput and enabled the discovery of a vast majority of microbiota and relative abundances of various microbes in the community to the genus and species precision. The addition of microbial additives during ensiling not only has shown positive effects on silage quality by altering the bacterial community but also changed microbiome and metabolites in the digestive tract of ruminants. Moreover, undisputably metabolites in the rumen were correlated with the bacterial communities. The lactic acid bacteria inoculants in silage production might be beneficial for animal performance and health by influencing the bacterial community and metabolites in the digestive tract of ruminants. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) may increase intake and digestibility. The positive effects on digestibility are related to degrading feruloyl ester linkages and modifying the matrix structure of forage lignocellulose based on the feruloyl esterase-producing Lactobacillus (Lactiplantibacillus) plantarum. LAB can also act as antimicrobial agents by producing bacteriocins or organic compounds harmful to microbial membranes such as 3-phenyllactic acid. The enhancement of the antioxidant capacity to mitigate oxidative stress in ruminants fed silages was also linked to the free ferulic acid. Some biofunctional metabolites, such as bacterios","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142231304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"363 Effects of supplementation of vitamin B complex on the performance of beef calves during a 42-d preconditioning program","authors":"Erica Ferri, Aline Rezende, Ana Laura Ramalho, Carlos Eduardo Dos Santos, Matheus Ferreira, Jeff S Heldt, Chance G Farmer, Juliana Ranches","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.086","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation of vitamin B complex on post-weaning performance of beef calves. The study was conducted during fall of 2023 at Eastern Oregon Agriculture Research Center (EOARC; Burns, OR). At weaning (d 0), 63 calves [Angus × Hereford; body weight (BW) = 252 ± 3.6 kg] were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: 1) Control, 2) VitB1, or 3) VitB2. Calves assigned to Control treatment served as a negative control and were not supplemented with vitamin B complex. Calves assigned to treatment VitB1 were supplemented at 1g/calf daily, while calves assigned to VitB2 treatment were supplemented at 2g/calf daily of vitamin B complex during the 42 d of preconditioning. Upon weaning processing, calves were allocated to 21 pens (3 calves/pen) and treatments were allocated to each pen (7 pens/treatment). Vitamin B complex [Vivalto, pantothenic acid (B5; 40,000 mg/kg), pyridoxine (B6; 20,000 mg/kg), folic acid (B9; 3,200 mg/kg), biotin (B7; 3,200,000 mcg/kg), cobalamin (B12; 320,000 mcg/kg); Selko USA, Indianapolis, IN] supplementation was offered at pen level beginning on d 1 and until the end of the preconditioning phase (d 42). Vitamin B complex was offered to calves assigned to vitamin B complex treatment mixed with 1.3 kg of dried distiller’s grains. Additionally, calves had free access to chopped alfalfa-grass hay mix and whole corn. Pen intake was recorded daily. On d 0, BW and blood samples were collected from all calves. Additional blood and BW were collected on d 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 42 post-weaning. Body weights were used to calculate calf average daily gain (ADG) and blood samples were assayed for acute phase proteins (ceruloplasmin and haptoglobin). Additional blood samples will be analyzed for cortisol and vitamin B concentrations. Variables were analyzed considering pen as the experimental unit and pen(treatment) as a random effect. Blood variables were evaluated as repeated measures and effects of treatment, day, and treatment the interactions were analyzed with the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). Significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. No treatment effects (P = 0.98) were observed for final BW (283, 283, and 284 kg respectively for Control, Vit1, and Vit2) or for ADG (P = 0.53; 0.735, 0.795, and 0.747 kg/d respectively for Control, Vit1, and Vit2). Similarly, no treatment effects were observed for the acute phase proteins analyzed, ceruloplasmin (P = 0.66; 27, 30, and 33 µg/dL respectively for Control, Vit1, and Vit2) and haptoglobin (P = 0.41; 0.55, 0.62, and 0.59 mg/mL, respectively for Control, Vit1, and Vit2). Supplementation of vitamin B complex to beef calves post-weaning does not seem to affect calf performance, regardless of the level of supplementation.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"338 Classroom mental wellness exercise improves wellness domains","authors":"Kari K Turner, John M Gonzalez","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.473","url":null,"abstract":"Poor mental health is a rising problem in undergraduate students, with anxiety and depression leading mental health issues. Insufficient or low physical activity, social isolation, and loneliness are among risk factors that predict mental health issues. Increased demand for already limited mental health resources such as counseling, combined with the stigma surrounding mental health has led to many issues going untreated. Mental health can be comprised of several domains such as academic, physical, emotional, financial, occupational, and stage of life. Improving individual domains will improve overall mental wellness. The objective of this study was to improve mental wellness in individual domains by discussing mental health and encouraging undergraduate students to reduce predictive factors and specifically focus on self-selected wellness domains. Following a 60-min classroom discussion in an animal science course on the prevalence of mental health issues and the common wellness domains (Academic, Emotional, Financial, Interpersonal, Occupational, Physical, and Stage of Life) students (n = 24) rated their current feeling of wellness in each domain on a Likert-scale of 0 (totally lacking) to 6 (completely fulfilled) in an anonymous Qualtrics survey. Strategies on improving the different wellness domains were then discussed, and students were placed into groups based on common domains they would like to improve, and the groups helped individual members identify semester personal goals. A class-wide social media group was formed, and students were given bonus points for posting pictures and texts of progression towards their goals. To encourage participation and support from group members, groups were awarded additional bonus points for having the greatest member activity. After 12 wk, students were given a post-course survey to rate their wellness domain fulfillments, as well as report the amount of time dedicated to improving the specific domains. Pre-and post-course wellness fulfillment ratings were compared using the Mann-Whitney-U Test in SPSS, and Spearman’s rho was used to determine correlations between post-fulfillment ratings and time dedicated to each domain. Fulfillment of Emotional and Physical increased following the exercise (P ≤ 0.016), and Academic tended to increase (P = 0.079). Time spent fulfilling a specific domain was positively correlated with the respective domain for Academic (P = 0.003), Emotional (P < 0.001), Interpersonal (P = 0.006), Physical (P < 0.001), and Stage of Life (P < 0.001) and tended to be positively correlated (P = 0.084) for Occupational. There was no correlation between time spent fulfilling the Financial domain and Financial fulfillment score (P = 0.183). Employing open classroom discussions about mental health and encouraging students to become proactive in their strategies for improving specific mental wellness domains increases their feelings of fulfillment in those domains.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSVI-24 Gene expression profiles of granulosa and peripheral white blood cells from fertile and sub-fertile beef heifers","authors":"Priyanka Banerjee, Wellison Jarles Silva Da Diniz, Paul W W Dyce","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.635","url":null,"abstract":"Beef heifer fertility issues contribute to a major economic loss in the cow-calf production industry. Therefore, identifying beef heifers with superior genetic potential for improved fertility would increase profitability. This study aimed to identify differences in the transcriptome profiles from granulosa and peripheral white blood cells (pWBCs) of beef heifers with varying reproductive potential. For this, Angus-Simmental crossbred heifers were subjected to an estrus synchronization and fixed-time artificial insemination (AI) protocol (7-D CO-Synch + CIDR) followed by exposure for 60-d to a fertile bull. Depending on the presence or absence of conceptus 120 d post-AI, heifers were classified as fertile (pregnant by AI) or sub-fertile (non-pregnant by AI or bull-breeding). Pregnancies were terminated, and all animals in both groups (fertile, n = 8; and sub-fertile, n = 5) were cycling when the blood and ovaries were collected from each heifer. Total RNA was extracted from the pWBCs and granulosa cells and subjected to library preparation and sequencing on the Nova-Seq platform. The read counts were obtained after data quality control using FastQC v0.11.9 and MultiQC v1.12 and alignment to the Ensemble’s ARS UCD1.2 Bos taurus genome reference using STAR aligner v2.7.5. The filtered data were subjected to differential expression analysis using DESeq2. We identified 1,061 and 72 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with P-values ≤ 0.05 and absolute (log2 fold change) ≥ 0.5 from pWBC and granulosa, respectively. Notably, 12 targets including 9 protein coding genes (PLCL1, DNER, GNAS, CDH3, PER1, ITGA2B, CXCL12, ENSBTAG00000048613, ENSBTAG00000051519), bta-mir-2887-1, 5-8S-rRNA and U5 were found as DEGs in both the tissues. Based on a differential co-expression analysis using PCIT, we identified GNAS and DNER as hub genes in pWBC and the granulosa cells of the sub-fertile heifer group. The 12 shared genes were over-represented for pathways such as NF kappa B and chemokine signaling, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and platelet activation. Some of the identified genes have been previously associated with fertility, while others are novel. A detailed understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms of the top genes and a follow-up study with a larger sample size at different time points could validate the candidates identified in this study for their role as potential therapeutic targets.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"109 Dam and calf influences on colostrum yield and quality in beef cattle","authors":"Allison M Meyer, Colby A Redifer, Abigail R Rathert-Williams","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.318","url":null,"abstract":"To determine factors affecting colostrum yield and quality, data from 148 cow-calf pairs over 6 experiments were combined. In each experiment, single rear quarter colostrum yield was obtained post-calving but pre-suckling. Colostrum IgG was determined by ELISA, and colostrum lactose, triglycerides (as a measure of total fat), and protein were determined by colorimetric analyses. Total IgG and nutrients were calculated as the concentration multiplied by single-quarter yield. Calf birth weight and expelled placental dry weight were also collected post-calving. Mixed linear models (experiment as a random effect) were used to determine the effects of dam age (primiparous: 2 yr, young: 3 to 4 yr, mature: ≥ 5 yr), dam peripartum body condition score (BCS; thin: < 5, moderate: 5 to 5.99, fleshy: ≥ 6), and calf sex on colostrum yield (single-quarter colostrum weight) and quality. Pearson correlation coefficients were also determined for colostrum yield with dam pre-calving body weight (BW), calf birth weight, calf birth weight relative to dam BW, whole placental dry weight, and gestation length. Mature dams had the greatest (P ≤ 0.03) and primiparous dams had the least (P ≤ 0.001) colostrum yield and total lactose. Colostrum from primiparous dams had greater (P = 0.03) IgG concentration than mature and greater (P ≤ 0.001) protein concentration than young and mature. Mature dams had greater (P ≤ 0.02) total IgG, total protein, and total triglycerides compared with both primiparous and young. Colostrum yield was less (P ≤ 0.04) for thin than moderate and fleshy dams. Total IgG was unaffected (P = 0.11) by dam BCS; however, thin dams had greater (P ≤ 0.04) IgG concentration than moderate and fleshy. Lactose concentration and total lactose were less (P ≤ 0.02) in colostrum from thin compared with moderate dams. Protein concentration was greater (P = 0.001) in thin than moderate dams, but thin dams had less (P ≤ 0.02) total protein compared with moderate and fleshy. Dam BCS did not affect (P ≥ 0.59) colostrum triglyceride concentration or total triglycerides. Colostrum yield and quality were not affected (P ≥ 0.22) by calf sex. Pre-calving dam BW was positively correlated with colostrum yield (r = 0.46, P < 0.001). Colostrum yield was also positively correlated with calf birth weight (r = 0.31, P < 0.001) and whole placental dry weight (r = 0.26, P = 0.007), but tended to be negatively correlated with calf birth weight relative to dam BW (r = -0.14, P = 0.09). Gestation length had no relationship (P = 0.31) with colostrum yield. Overall, colostrum yield and quality are negatively affected in young and thin beef dams. In addition, both dam and calf weight have positive relationships with colostrum yield, likely mediated by endocrine action associated with placental size.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"23 Physiological and health implications of trace mineral nutrition","authors":"Rodrigo Marques","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.085","url":null,"abstract":"Trace minerals are often recommended to avoid possible implications for beef cattle productivity. Trace minerals have several roles in livestock species, such as protein synthesis, enzyme activation, and immune functions. The primary trace minerals for cattle include zinc, copper, selenium, iron, manganese, cobalt, and iodine. These minerals serve as cofactors for numerous enzymes involved in metabolic pathways crucial for growth, reproduction, and immune function. Trace minerals such as zinc, copper, and manganese serve as cofactors for enzymes involved in metabolism. They have crucial roles in carbohydrates, protein, and lipid metabolism, facilitating energy production and nutrient utilization. Additionally, zinc, selenium and copper, are essential for maintaining a robust immune system. They are involved in the production and function of immune cells, antibody response, and the regulation of inflammation, thus aiding in the body’s defense against pathogens and diseases. Selenium, copper, and manganese act as cofactors for antioxidant enzymes that help neutralize harmful free radicals in the body. By scavenging free radicals, these trace minerals protect cells from oxidative damage and reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and aging-related disorders. Cattle obtain trace minerals from various sources, including forages, grains, supplements, and water. However, the bioavailability of these minerals can be influenced by factors such as soil composition, forage type, and dietary interactions. Therefore, careful attention to mineral supplementation and management practices is necessary to meet the specific requirements of cattle at different stages of life and production. Furthermore, research continues to elucidate the complex interactions among trace minerals and their effects on cattle health and performance. Strategies such as targeted supplementation, mineral source selection, and dietary manipulation are being explored to optimize trace mineral nutrition in cattle production systems while minimizing environmental impact and economic costs. However, trace mineral sources might vary in water solubility and bioavailability, affecting their reactivity with antagonists and microorganisms in the rumen. Hence, understanding the importance of these micronutrients and implementing appropriate management practices can help ensure optimal performance and well-being of cattle herds, ultimately contributing to the efficiency and profitability of livestock operations.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142231302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSI-13 The impact of divergent nutritional planes on systemic immune status in mature bulls","authors":"Holly E Hamilton, Elizabeth Shepherd, Saulo M Zoca, Carl R Dahlen, Alexandria P Snider, Kyle J McLean","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.533","url":null,"abstract":"Bull fertility is a major component of reproductive efficiency. One of the many factors influencing reproductive efficiency in bulls is nutrition. Improper nutrition influences physiological features, such as body weight (BW) and body condition scores (BCS), but also increases stress, which can alter the molecular composition of ejaculate. Following a breeding soundness exam and a 21-d dietary adjustment period, mature Angus bulls (n = 6) were randomly assigned to one of two nutritional planes for a 119-d period: 1) restriction (RES; targeted a 1.36 kg/d decrease in BW) or 2) maintenance (MNT; targeted to maintain BW). Body weight and BCS were evaluated every 14 d and feed amounts were adjusted to meet BW targets. On d 73 and 93, scrotal circumference and blood samples were collected for analysis. Serum samples were evaluated for an immunity score using the Nano Discovery D2Dx Immunity Test, that assesses samples for the presence of immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgM, cytokines, and complement. Statistical analyses were conducted using R Studio to determine the effects of day, nutritional plane, and the interaction of day Î nutritional plane on BW, BCS, scrotal circumference, and systemic immunity score. At the onset of treatments, all bulls had a greater (P = 0.008) BW (845.5 ± 17.0 kg) and BCS (6.3 ± 0.15) than on d 73 (BW = 757.2 ± 17.0 kg; BCS = 5.5 ± 0.15, respectively) or 93 (BW = 749.6 ± 17.0 kg; BCS = 5.3 ± 0.15, respectively). According to the experimental model design, the MNT bulls had a greater (P = 0.001) BCS (6.1 ± 0.12) compared with the RES bulls (5.3 ± 0.12) throughout treatment. Body weights were also influenced by treatment with MNT bulls (845.7 ± 13.9 kg) having a greater BW (P > 0.001) compared with RES bulls (714.6 ± 13.9). Immunity scores were greater in the RES bulls (0.03 ± 0.003) compared with MNT bulls (0.003 ± 0.003). However, there was no effect of day or the interaction effect (P > 0.05) on the systemic immunity score. There was also no effect of day, nutritional plane, or interaction on scrotal circumference (P > 0.23). In conclusion, we observed nutritional planes to result in divergent BW and BCS and were influential on systemic immunity scores, which may lead to different seminal plasma compositions and reproductive outcomes. Further analyses are needed to elucidate the effects of paternal nutritional stress on the female uterine response after mating and reproductive efficiency. The authors would like to thank USDA-NIFA-AFRI (#2023-67015-39453) and USDA-NIFA Multi-State Project No. 1019048 for providing funding and support for this research. USDA is an equal opportunity employer and provider.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142231305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}