Journal of animal science最新文献

{"title":"Assessing alternative metrics of methane output measured in a multi-breed, pasture-based sheep population.","authors":"Dermot J Kelly, Nóirín Mchugh, Deirdre Purfield, Patrick Mccarron, Thierry Pabiou, Craig Murphy, Fiona Mcgovern","doi":"10.1093/jas/skag145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skag145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reducing methane emissions from ruminant livestock is a global priority, yet no consensus exists on the optimal trait definition for methane emissions. This study compared absolute, ratio-based and residual methane emission metrics in order to quantify their phenotypic inter-relationships and their associations with key production traits in sheep. Gaseous emissions, including methane, and performance data were collected from 15,385 records on 8,182 sheep, including both growing animals and mature ewes, using portable accumulation chambers. Additional data available included live weight, metabolic body weight (MBW), dry matter intake (DMI), slaughter data (carcass weight and days to slaughter), and computed tomography measurements such as rumen volume, predicted kill-out percentage and kg of muscle/fat mass. Statistical analysis assessed phenotypic correlations, repeatability, and animal ranking differences across methane metrics. The repeatability of methane emissions was moderate (26% in growing animals; 34% in ewes), while body weight was highly repeatable (74% in growing animals; 68% in ewes). Males emitted 0.55-1.36 g/day more than females (P < 0.01). Absolute methane emissions were strongly correlated with intensity metrics such as methane per metabolic body weight (0.83 ± 0.01 in growing animals; 0.96 ± 0.004 in ewes), while methane yield (g/kg DMI) was weakly correlated (0.28 ± 0.01 to 0.30 ± 0.01), highlighting its dependence on feed intake variability. Residual methane traits (e.g., residual methane adjusted for metabolic body weight, RMTMBW) accounted for performance-related differences and captured individual biological variation (e.g., range -16.6 to 13.4 g/day in ewes), with moderate correlations to absolute methane emissions (r = 0.54-0.68). Animals selected for low methane yield or residual traits tended to have higher DMI and daily emissions, while absolute trait selection favoured smaller, less productive animals. These findings demonstrate that methane metrics capture distinct biological processes and are not interchangeable. Trait choice must align with breeding and production objectives, whether to reduce total emissions, improve efficiency, or identify inherently low emitters.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147815604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trace mineral source affects ruminal bacterial diversity and performance of grazing Bos indicus Nellore cattle during the dry-to-rainy transition season.","authors":"Iorrano A Cidrini, Rodrigo S Marques, Arnaldo C Limede, Igor M Ferreira, Karla A Oliveira, Yury T Granja-Salcedo, Mateus J I Abreu, Luis H C Batista, Laura F Prados, Regina K Grizotto, Marco Aurélio F Porcionato, Davi B Araujo, Gustavo R Siqueira, Flávio D Resende","doi":"10.1093/jas/skag146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skag146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different trace mineral sources on rumen fermentation parameters and bacterial diversity, liver concentration of Cu and Zn, and performance of grazing Bos indicus Nellore cattle during the dry-to-rainy transition season. In Exp. 1, eight Nellore steers [body weight (BW) = 541 ± 18 kg, and 32 ± 1 mo. old] fitted with ruminal cannula were randomly assigned to eight paddocks in a completely randomized design. In Exp. 2, a total of 120 Nellore bulls (BW = 341 ± 45.9 kg and age = 20 ± 1 mo) were blocked by initial BW and distributed into 12 paddocks (6 paddocks/treatment). Each animal or paddock were supplemented with a protein supplement (5 g/kg of BW daily) containing 1) 40 mg of Cu/kg of supplement from the Cu sulfate source and 148 mg of Zn/kg of supplement from the Zn oxide source (ITM; n = 4), or 2) 40 mg of Cu/kg of supplement and 148 mg of Zn/kg of supplement from hydroxychloride sources (HTM; n = 4; IntelliBond CII, IntelliBond Z, Selko, Indianapolis, IN). The 101-d experiment included an 11-d adaptation period followed by three 30-d periods. Ruminal fluid was sampled at 0, 6, 12, and 18 h post-supplementation on d 24, 52, and 84 (Exp. 1). Body weight was recorded at the start, after adaptation, and every 30 d following a 16-h feed and water withdrawal (Exp. 2). In Exp. 1, no treatment effects were observed (P ≥ 0.13) for total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration and molar proportion of acetate, propionate, isobutyrate, butyrate, valerate, Ac: Pr ratio, ruminal pH, and N-NH3 concentration. The rumen microbiology analysis revealed that the phylum SR1 was affected by the treatments, with higher abundance in HTM (P = 0.03) than in ITM steers. At the genus level, 13 genera were affected (P ≤ 0.05) by treatments. Animals fed HTM had increased (P ≤ 0.05) ruminal abundance of taxa commonly associated with the fiber and starch and soluble carbohydrate degraders group, whereas steers receiving ITM had higher abundance of Fibrobacter, Butyrivibrio 2, Ruminiclostridium 5, and the Archaea genus Methanobrevibacter. In Exp. 2, HTM bulls had greater BW after 60 d (P ≤ 0.03) of the experiment, with greater ADG between d 30 and 60 (P < 0.03). These results demonstrate that HTM might serve as an effective source of Cu and Zn for grazing Nellore cattle and was associated with improved growth performance during the dry-to-rainy transition, along with concurrent shifts in ruminal microbial diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147815577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clodronate disodium reduced TRAP5b independent of affecting other systemic biomarkers of bone resorption or formation in yearling, exercising Quarter Horses.","authors":"Brittany L Paris, Jessica L Leatherwood, Carolyn E Arnold, Kati G Glass, Matthew B Conrad, James M George, Rafael E Martinez, Aimee C Colbath, Brian D Nielsen, Thomas H Welsh, Amanda N Bradbery","doi":"10.1093/jas/skag135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skag135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clodronate disodium (CD), a bisphosphonate, modulates bone metabolism. Though extra-label use in juvenile horses is anecdotally reported, impacts on skeletal development are unknown. The objective was to determine the effects of CD on systemic markers of bone turnover in yearling horses undergoing exercise, hypothesizing that biomarkers of bone resorption would decrease while biomarkers of bone formation would not change, and that repeat CD treatments would have greater effect. To test this, 32 yearling Quarter Horses were used in a 168-d trial. Horses were stratified by age (500 ± 13 d), BW (336 ± 26 kg), sex (n = 16 geldings; n = 16 fillies), and initial bone optical density and randomly allocated to one of four treatment groups receiving either 1.8 mg/kg BW CD (Osphos) or isovolumetric saline (placebo). Investigators were blinded to treatments that included control (CON; n = 8), single-dose CD (1X; n = 8; d84), two-doses CD (2X; n = 8; d0 and 84), and four-doses CD (4X; n = 8; d0, 42, 84, and 126). Horses were housed individually in stalls and fed to meet nutrient requirements. Horses exercised 5 d/wk using a free stall exerciser in a phase-based progressive workload; Phase I (d0-84) simulated sales preparation and Phase II (d85-168) mimicked an early training program. Blood was collected on d0, 42, 84, 126, and 168 before treatment injections, when applicable. Serum was analyzed for receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5 b (TRAP5b), c-terminal crosslinks of type I collagen (CTX-1), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) and procollagen type I n-terminal propeptide (PINP) via commercial ELISA or EIA. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS with a baseline covariate for BAP. A treatment×time interaction was noted for osteoclastic TRAP5b (P = 0.03), decreasing in 4X from d0 to 126 and returning to baseline at d168, and decreasing in 2X to d84 whereas in CON and 1X it increased or remained the same over time. Serum CTX-1, a type I collagen degradation marker, increased over time (P < 0.01) in all treatments. Osteoblastic BAP increased (P < 0.01) from d42 to 84 and remained elevated until d168. There was no change in PINP (P = 0.35) or osteoclast differentiation signal RANKL (P≥0.24). The results indicate that CD administration in horses undergoing low-intensity exercise reduces a serum biomarker of osteoclast number and activity without affecting serum biomarkers of bone formation or resorption.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tryptophan as a modulator of behavior and productivity in sows: a systematic review.","authors":"Jessica Lucilene Cantarini Buchini, Cristiny Santos Braga, Mateus De Andrade Da Silva, Jaqueline Murback Braz, Lucas Rocha Valfré, Fabiana Ribeiro Caldara","doi":"10.1093/jas/skag126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skag126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dietary supplementation with tryptophan in sows is a promising strategy for optimizing both performance and animal welfare. In addition to its role in protein synthesis, this essential amino acid is a precursor of serotonin and melatonin, which are bioactive compounds that influence appetite, social behavior, and stress regulation. However, the reported effects on reproductive outcomes and maternal metabolism remain inconsistent. This systematic review evaluated the evidence of tryptophan supplementation as a modulator of behavior and productivity in sows. Searches were conducted in Scopus and Web of Science databases. Experimental peer-reviewed studies that assessed tryptophan supplementation across different physiological phases (gestation and lactation), dietary levels, and environmental contexts were included. This review followed the PRISMA (Preferred reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020 guidelines (Page et al., 2021), and the protocol was preregistered. Screening and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers, and the risk of bias was assessed using the SYRCLE's (Systematic review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation) risk of bias tool. Eleven studies met the eligibility criteria of this review. Tryptophan supplementation consistently reduced aggressiveness in group-housing systems and supported piglet survival and growth. However, the effects on reproductive performance and maternal metabolism vary depending on the dose, parity, and environmental conditions. The heterogeneity of the study designs and the absence of a meta-analysis due to data variability were identified as the main limitations. Overall, tryptophan supplementation demonstrated potential benefits for sow welfare and productivity, but the results remained context dependent. Long-term and standardized studies are required to clarify its impact, particularly on reproductive efficiency and maternal physiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning to Predict Pellet Quality: A Machine Learning and Feature Engineering Approach.","authors":"Jihao You, D Tulpan, C Krziyzek, J L Ellis","doi":"10.1093/jas/skag079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skag079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pellet quality is a major concern for feed mills, as low-quality pelleted feeds impact both mill and downstream animal production efficiency and economics. The pellet quality is influenced by multiple factors, which makes it difficult to control in a commercial setting. Therefore, computational predictions of pellet quality are desirable and have been explored by this group. This study extended previous work by exploring the application of feature engineering approaches to enhance the predictive performance of machine learning models and to gain insights into the importance of individual and groups of factors relevant to pellet mills. Feature engineering techniques were implemented to generate an additional 74 features, such as the pairwise interactions between Nutrient Composition features. A Recursive Feature Elimination approach was also implemented for 10 different ML algorithms to select optimal feature subsets. Non-overfitting models were selected, and model comparison was conducted for seven well-fitted base models and two ensemble learning models that combined the capabilities of the others. The SVR model outperformed all other models. While the SVR model had the second lowest MAE (1.814 ± 0.084) and the second highest CCC (0.594 ± 0.036) on the training set, it ultimately used fewer features (42 features) and had the highest CCC (0.608) and R (0.650), the lowest MAE (1.868), RMSPE (2.359) and MSPE (5.573) using a bootstrap resampling strategy on the testing set. Among all nine models, the top 10 features based on average absolute SHAP values largely aligned with feature importance rankings. Several features consistently emerged as key predictors across multiple models, including Dehydrated Bakery Meal (%), Ambient Temperature (°C), Crude Protein Content (%) × Starch Content (%) and Conditioning Temperature (°C) × ADF (%). While the SVR model did not significantly surpass previous studies in predictive capacity, it provided valuable insights into key predictive factors and their interactions for prediction of PDI. In addition, this study introduced a useful pipeline for handling datasets with large numbers of features for prediction, and highlighted opportunities for feature engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in four egg products and casein fed to weanling pigs.","authors":"Natalia S Fanelli, Minoy Cristobal, Su A Lee, Yi-Chi Cheng, Ingmar Middelbos, Hans H Stein","doi":"10.1093/jas/skag143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skag143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that a) the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in pasteurized egg products is sufficient for these ingredients to serve as a high-quality protein source in weanling pig diets; and b) the SID of AA in trypsin-inhibitor-free egg protein does not differ from that of casein, and is greater than the SID of AA in egg products containing residual trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA). Five diets that included raw egg powder (REP), dry-pasteurized egg powder (DPE), liquid pasteurized egg powder (LPE), trypsin inhibitor-free egg powder (TFE), or casein as the only source of AA were formulated. A nitrogen-free diet was also formulated to determine basal endogenous losses of crude protein (CP) and AA. Twelve weanling pigs (initial body weight: 11.99 ± 0.53 kg) with a T-cannula in the distal ileum were allotted to a replicated 6 × 6 Latin square design with six diets and six periods of 7 days. Ileal digesta samples were collected on days 6 and 7 of each period and were analyzed for CP and AA. Results indicated that no differences were observed in SID of CP or AA between REP and DPE or LPE, except that LPE had greater (P < 0.05) SID of Lys than REP. The SID of most AA was greater (P < 0.05) in TFE and casein compared with REP, DPE, and LPE, indicating that the residual TIA in REP, DPE, and LPE reduced AA digestibility. However, the SID of Lys, Cys, and Ser was not different between TFE and LPE. The SID of His, Lys, Asp, and Ser was less (P < 0.05) in TFE than in casein, whereas the SID of other AA and CP in TFE was not different from that in casein. In conclusion, all egg products had excellent SID of CP (> 82.0%) and AA (> 80.0%), but only when TIA were almost completely eliminated, as in TFE, were the SID of AA in egg protein not different from the SID of AA in casein. Overall, egg products can serve as effective sources of AA in diets for young pigs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting Individual Water Intake in Beef Cattle Using Longitudinal Data and Long Short-Term Memory Models.","authors":"Nathan E Blake, K E ArunKumar, Matthew Walker, Tylor J Yost, Domingo Mata-Padrino, Ida Holásková, Jarred W Yates, Duane Bishoff, Samanthia Johnson, Godstime Taiwo, Modoluwamu Idowu, Ibukun Ogunade, Darin Matlick, Joseph Hatton, Matthew E Wilson","doi":"10.1093/jas/skag138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skag138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Water intake (WI) remains an under-characterized yet essential trait in beef cattle systems, with implications for animal health, climate resilience, and resource efficiency. Existing predictive models, including those from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM), rely on static equations derived from outdated data and lack resolution at the individual animal level. In this study, we developed and evaluated a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model to predict daily WI using longitudinal data on animal characteristics, dry matter intake (DMI), and engineered environmental features. Data were collected from 2,268 animals across drylot and grazing systems between 2019 and 2024, with environmental variables sourced from NOAA and NASA. Feature engineering captured biologically relevant dynamics via rolling deltas, interaction terms, and temporal encodings. The LSTM model trained with these engineered features achieved strong predictive performance (root mean square error [RMSE] = 3.85 L/day; R2 = 0.74; P < 0.001) and generalized well to unseen regional (RMSE = 4.20 L/day; R2 = 0.61; P < 0.001) and non-regional (RMSE = 4.19 L/day; R2 = 0.63; P < 0.001) drylot datasets. In contrast, models trained without engineered features failed to generalize (RMSE = 22.7 L/day; R2 = -0.96), and NASEM predictions systematically underestimated high intake values. Permutation-based feature importance analysis highlighted the value of short-term environmental stress indicators, particularly temperature-humidity index (THI) and temperature deltas. These results demonstrate that sequence-based models incorporating dynamic environmental covariates can significantly improve WI prediction in beef cattle and provide a scalable decision-support framework for water-efficient genetic selection and adaptive management.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiome-host interactions driving the transition from non-pregnant to pregnant states in a goat model.","authors":"Rida Fatima,Salah Ud Din Shah,Amjad Hameed,Allah Ditta,Muhammad Kashif Saleemi,Ayesha Gill,Hussain Tarique","doi":"10.1093/jas/skag144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skag144","url":null,"abstract":"Pregnancy in goats involves complex hormonal, metabolic, and immune shifts, and growing evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays a key regulatory role in these physiological transitions, yet its specific role in guiding the shift from non-pregnant to pregnant states is still not clearly defined. This study investigated dynamic changes in the microbial community, biochemical markers, and metabolic profile shifts that influence host physiology during the transition from non-pregnant to pregnant states. The results revealed that significant changes in the abundance of microbial genera such as Ruminococcus, Bacteroides, and Lactobacillus were observed across groups. Alpha diversity metrics (Chao1, Shannon, Sobs) indicated substantial differences between groups, while Simpson diversity remained unaffected. Beta diversity analysis (PCoA, NMDS) revealed clear group separation, and pairwise PERMANOVA tests confirmed significant differences (P < 0.05). Heatmap and box plot analyses revealed distinct clustering of microbial profiles, and showed significant differences in genus abundance, including Bacteroides, Christensenella, and Prevotella_7 (P < 0.05). Moreover, significant variations in hematological parameters (RBC, HGB, MCV, MCH, MCHC, PLT, WBC) were noted, with distinct patterns between groups (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis identified strong associations between microbiota taxa (Lachnospira, p < 0.01; Oscillibacter, P < 0.001) and hematological markers. In addition, progesterone and estrogen hormones significantly increased in G1, G2 and G3 groups in response to control group (P < 0.01). Furthermore, antioxidant markers (SOD, CAT) were significantly elevated in G3 group, with a marked decrease in TAC as compared to control group (P < 0.05). FTIR analysis of plasma biomolecules revealed distinct functional group variations across the phases, indicating alterations in key metabolic components. LEfSe analysis identified microbial biomarkers specific to each group, with distinct taxa associated with each pregnancy stage. KEGG pathway analysis showed significant functional shifts, particularly in carbohydrate, amino acid, and energy metabolism. These findings suggest that microbial shifts, metabolic changes, and hormonal fluctuations are intricately linked and play a pivotal role in the reproductive transitions of Beetal goats. The study underpins the potential of microbiome analysis as a tool for improving reproductive health management in livestock.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147755000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soluble dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber, and total dietary fiber in feed ingredients used in diets for pigs.","authors":"Jessica P Acosta, Lia V Guardiola, Neil W Jaworski, Hans H Stein","doi":"10.1093/jas/skag141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skag141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dietary fiber is defined as the undigestible carbohydrates and lignin fractions of plant-feed ingredients. The most complete and representative analysis of fiber is the total dietary fiber (TDF) analysis, which includes the soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and the insoluble dietary fiber (IDF). There is, however, a lack of data for concentrations of SDF, IDF, and TDF in feed ingredients commonly used in diets for pigs. Therefore, work was conducted to quantify fiber fractions of plant feed ingredients to establish a database for SDF, IDF, and TDF in feed ingredients commonly used in animal nutrition. A total of 846 samples were analyzed for dry matter (DM) and for IDF and SDF, and TDF was calculated as the sum of IDF and SDF. Analyzed values for SDF, IDF, and TDF were corrected to 88% DM. For each feed ingredient, means and standard deviation were calculated. Results indicated that values for TDF were in the range of 3% to 35% for cereal grains, from 0% to 68% for cereal grain coproducts, from 3% to 68% for oilseeds and oilseed co-products, and in the range of 3% to 82% for other plant-based feed ingredients. In conclusion, the present work resulted in generation of a database for SDF, IDF, and TDF in feed ingredients often included in diets for pigs and other animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autophage Targeting Bile-Resistant Enterococcus sp. as a Lipid Digestibility and Emulsification Modifier and Antibiotic Alternative in Chickens.","authors":"Alireza Eivakpour,Mohammad Amir Karimi Torshizi,Shaban Rahimi,Hossein Moravej","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf424","url":null,"abstract":"The ban on antibiotic growth promoters has intensified the demand for precise alternatives to sustain growth and gut health in poultry. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of isolated autophages against Enterococcus bacteria resistant to high concentrations of bile on lipid digestion and chicken performance. A total of 240 one-day-old Arian × Hy-Line W36 chicks were assigned to five equal groups replicated six times with eight chicks per cage in a completely randomized design. Data were subjected to one-way ANOVA, and differences among treatments were considered significant at P < 0.05. The treatments included a control group, phage group (receiving an oral phage dose of 108 PFU) per day, Enterococcus group (receiving an oral Enterococcus dose of 106 CFU), ox bile (0.4 g/kg), and virginiamycin antibiotics (0.2 g/kg). Results showed that phage against Enterococcus sp. improved the feed conversion ratio (FCR) like virginiamycin (2.87 and 2.84, respectively) with a significant difference from other treatments (P < 0.05). Ether extract digestibility (81.48% vs. 79.27%) and in vitro oil-emulsification index (13.0% vs. 4.2%) were significantly increased in the phage-treated group compared with the control (P < 0.05), indicating improved lipid utilization. Phage against Enterococcus sp. increased intestinal gram-negative bacteria counted on MacConkey agar compared with other groups (P < 0.05). In vitro oil-emulsification index perfectly mirrored the inhibition of bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity in ileum digesta of antibiotics and bacteriophage-treated groups. It could be concluded that specific inhibition of Enterococcus bacteria with high bile hydrolase activity by bacteriophage can improve EE digestibility and performance like growth-stimulating antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147731490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}