Journal of animal science最新文献

{"title":"96 An evaluation of soybean meal inclusion rate and replacement of Dried Distillers Grains and Solubles (DDGS) in pigs fed from wean to finish","authors":"Joseph Halbur, Jessica Lira da Silva, Ryan S Samuel, Robert C Thaler, Eric M Weaver","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf102.130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf102.130","url":null,"abstract":"Replacement of DDGS with soybean meal (SBM) and soy hulls at various inclusion rates may effect the performance and nutrient output of manure in wean-to-market pigs. The protein and nutrient composition of SBM combined with soy hulls diets may be better utilized by pigs when compared to DDGS-containing diets. The increased demand for Midwest-grown soybeans, driven by new soybean crushing plants, may reduce SBM costs, making it a more affordable feed ingredient. The objective is to evaluate the effects on performance and manure output of inclusion levels of SBM as a replacer for DDGS in wean to finish pigs. A total of 566 pigs (PIC X Terminal Duroc, 7.9 kg, 6 weeks of age) were used in two groups in separate partially slatted floor, environmentally controlled rooms. Individual pig body weights (BW) were measured along with average daily feed intake (ADFI) every two weeks for the first 12 weeks, and every three weeks for the last 6 weeks. The treatment formulations designed to value SBM and soy hulls in place of DDGS. The diets included two levels of DDGS and two SBM with soybean hulls diets, which replaced DDGS at comparable inclusion levels: high (40%) and low (20%). All diets were formulated to meet or exceed NRC levels; SID lysine and net energy (NE) levels were kept consistent across the four diets. NE estimates for SBM and DDGS were 2,502 and 2,343 Kcal/kg, respectively. The four diets were allotted to 40 pens (20 pens/room, 5 pens/diet/room) with 14 pigs per pen in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Data were combined from each room and analyzed as a RCBD with pens as the experimental unit, dietary treatment as the main effect and blocked by room. Average daily gain (ADG) was unaffected by treatment for all phases of growth (P > 0.10). For wean-to-market: gain to feed (GF) was significantly lower for the DDGS diets compared to the SBM diets (P < 0.05). ADFI was significantly higher in the DDGS diets than in the SBM diets (P < 0.05); however, there was a tendency for a difference between the low DDGS diet and the low SBM diet (P < 0.10). From week 0 to week 6, feed conversion improved in pigs fed high SBM diets relative to high DDGS diets (P < 0.05). From week 15 to week 18, both high and low DDGS diets significantly increased ADFI when compared to SBM diets (P < 0.05). Diets containing SBM and hulls improved feed conversion by 6% when compared to diets with DDGS from week 0 to week 18. In conclusion, the use of SBM and hulls in swine diets improves feed efficiency when compared to diets containing equal levels of DDGS.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"215 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"303 Award Talk: Effects of L-glutamate and L-aspartate supplementation on growth performance, diarrhea severity, immune responses, intestinal barrier integrity of weaned piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F18","authors":"Supatirada Wongchanla, Sangwoo Park, Kwangwook Kim, Shuhan Sun, Xunde Li, Yanhong Liu","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf102.083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf102.083","url":null,"abstract":"L-glutamate (Glu) and L-aspartate (Asp) play critical roles in cellular metabolism and immune regulation in pigs. This study investigated the effects of Glu and Asp supplementation on growth performance, immune responses, and intestinal integrity in weaned piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F18. Forty-nine weaned pigs (8.18 ± 1.54 kg BW) were randomly assigned to one of seven treatments (n = 7): a negative control (NC) and a positive control (PC) fed a control diet, and five groups supplemented with 1% or 2% Glu, 1% or 2% Asp, or 50 mg/kg Carbadox. All pigs, except NC, were orally challenged with F18 ETEC (1010 CFU/dose/day) for three consecutive days after 7 days adaptation. The study lasted 14 additional days post-inoculation (PI). Body weights, feed consumption, and fecal scores were recorded throughout the study. Fecal and blood samples were collected at specific time points for bacterial shedding analysis through bacterial culture and blood profile analysis via complete blood cell count, respectively. Intestinal mucosa from the jejunum and ileum was collected on d 14 PI for cytokine and tight junction protein expression analysis via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed using ANOVA in PROC MIXED of SAS. Frequency of diarrhea was analyzed by Chi-square. Compared with PC, pigs fed 1% Glu or 2% Asp had improved (P < 0.05) average daily gain and gain-to-feed ratio during the first two weeks post-weaning. Additionally, 1% or 2% Asp supplementation reduced (P < 0.05) diarrhea severity compared with PC. 1% Asp supplementation also increased (P < 0.05) duodenal villi height and ileal villi width in pigs than Carbadox. Moreover, 1% Glu reduced (P < 0.05) fecal shedding of β- hemolytic bacteria compared with PC on d 14 PI and decreased (P < 0.05) neutrophil-to- lymphocyte ratio on d 2 and d 5 PI, showing effects comparable to Carbadox. Furthermore, 1% Glu or 2% Asp upregulated (P < 0.05) ileal IL-12 compared with PC and Carbadox, while exhibited trends in IFN-γ expression similar to Carbadox. Supplementing 1% Glu upregulated (P < 0.05) jejunal IL-17A and IL-22 expression compared with NC and Carbadox. Furthermore, 2% Asp pigs had lower (P < 0.05) jejunal IL-6 than PC. Interestingly, 2% Asp supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) jejunal CLDN-1, while increased (P < 0.05) ileal CLDN-1 compared with NC. Compared with PC, 1% Asp upregulated (P < 0.05) ileal OCDN and ZO-1. In conclusion, Glu or Asp supplementation enhanced growth performance and disease resistance in weaned pigs challenged with ETEC.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"187 Ileal and total tract digestibility of amino acids and minerals in growing pig diets supplemented with phytase enzyme","authors":"Jose A Soto, Henrique S Cemin, Morgan Hart, Sharlie A Hansen, Ernie L Hansen, Jamil E G Faccin","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf102.186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf102.186","url":null,"abstract":"While positive effects of phytase supplementation on mineral digestibility are typically observed, the effects on amino acid (AA) digestibility have been inconsistent, which might be related to the concentration of dietary phytate among other factors. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to determine the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and AA, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P), and standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P in growing pigs fed with phytase enzyme (PE; Alltech, Nicholasville, KY). A negative control (NC) diet based on corn, soybean meal, and distillers dried grains with solubles that contained 1.00% phytate (0.27% phytate-bound P) was formulated to meet or exceed nutrient requirements of growing pigs. Three additional diets were formulated by supplementing the NC diet with 452, 1,356, or 2,713 FTU/kg of PE. Twenty-four ileal-cannulated growing barrows (29.38 kg ± 2.83) were allotted to a balanced change-over design with four experimental diets and two 14-d periods, resulting in six pigs per diet in each period with a total of 12 observations per diet. The initial 6 d of each 14-d period was considered an adaptation phase. Fecal and urine samples were collected during d 7, 8, 9, and 10. During d 13 and 14, ileal digesta samples were collected. Data were analyzed using the PROC GLIMMIX of SAS (v 9.4) using barrow as the experimental unit. The model included diet as the main effect and period as random effect. Preplanned contrasts were used to evaluate linear and quadratic effects of PE supplementation. AID and SID of CP, Arg, His, Lys, Phe, and Glu were marginally higher with PE (linear, P < 0.100). Similarly, the AID and SID of Tyr rose (quadratic, P < 0.050) with incremental concentrations of PE. In addition, AID and SID of Trp, Cys, and Ser were marginally higher (quadratic, P < 0.100) up to 1,356 FTU/kg of PE concentration and then lower when 2,713 FTU/kg of PE was fed. Moreover, with dietary inclusion of PE, ATTD and STTD of P (quadratic, P < 0.010), and ATTD of Ca (linear, P < 0.001) were higher. Results from this study suggest that increasing PE from 0 to 2,713 FTU/kg in corn, soybean meal, and distillers dried grains with solubles based diets fed to growing pigs results in greater digestibility of CP, AA, Ca and P.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"138 Effect of dietary leucine on the tryptophan requirement in diets for 25-50 kg growing pigs fed soybean meal or corn fermented protein","authors":"Andrea Paola P Mallea Ortiz, Hans H Stein","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf102.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf102.113","url":null,"abstract":"An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that the optimum Trp:Lys ratio in diets for growing pigs is greater if corn fermented protein (CFP) rather than soybean meal (SBM) is used as the protein source in the diets. Two basal diets based on corn and SBM or corn and CFP were formulated. Both diets contained 0.90% SID Lys and both diets had a standardized ileal digestible (SID) Trp:Lys ratio of 10% (i.e., 60% of the requirement). All other indispensable amino acids were included at or above the requirement in both basal diets. Eight additional diets were formulated by adding crystalline L-Trp to both basal diets to generate diets with 14, 17, 20, or 24% SID Trp:Lys ratio for each protein source. Therefore, there were five SID Trp:Lys ratios for each protein source. A total of 320 growing pigs with an initial body weight (BW) of 25.53 ± 2.85 kg were randomly allotted to one of the 10 dietary treatments and fed experimental diets for 28 d. On day 1 and 28, a blood sample, which was analyzed for blood urea nitrogen (BUN), was collected from the jugular vein of one barrow in each pen. Data were analyzed by linear and quadratic contrasts in SAS (Inst. Inc. Cary, NC, USA). The optimal SID Trp:Lys ratio was estimated using linear broken-line and quadratic broken-line regressions for average daily gain (ADG) and BUN, using the NLIN procedure in SAS. A Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to determine if the requirement estimates for CFP or SBM were different. Results indicated that pigs fed the corn-SBM diets had greater (P < 0.05) final BW, ADG, average daily feed intake, gain to feed ratio, and daily Trp intake than pigs fed corn-CFP diets (Table 1). On d 28, BUN decreased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05) as the SID Trp:Lys ratio increased regardless of protein source. For pigs fed the SBM diets, combined broken-line quadratic analyses estimated the optimum SID Trp:Lys requirement as 18.95 and 15.54% for ADG and BUN, respectively, but for pigs fed the CFP-based diets, the optimum SID Trp:Lys requirement were 20.51 and 15.65% for ADG and BUN, respectively. The average SID Trp:Lys ratio for the two measurements was 18.08 and 17.24% for CFP and SBM, respectively. These values were not different (Table 2), and under the conditions of this experiment, the requirement for Trp was not different in diets based on CFP compared with diets based on SBM. Therefore, the hypothesis for the experiment was rejected. In conclusion, pigs fed diets based on CFP rather than SBM have reduced growth performance, but the main reason for this does not appear to be a deficiency of Trp.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"176 Comparing the efficacy of different organic zinc sources on growth performance of broiler chickens","authors":"Luiz Albino, Horacio Rostagno, Raquel Pereira, Maria A Rodriguez Quiros, Elise Nacer Khodja","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf102.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf102.193","url":null,"abstract":"Organic minerals are those bonded to one or more carbon-containing molecules to increase their bioavailability. Most common ligands are proteinates, amino acids and small peptides. Not all organic minerals are equivalent, their quality depending on strength and stability of the bond with the ligand, but also on the type of ligand as it’s defining its absorption pathway and efficiency. This study aimed to compare different organic Zn sources effectiveness on broiler chickens performance. The feeding trial was carried out at the Federal University of Viçosa, Brazil. A total of 2000 one-day-old male Cobb 500 chicks of 50 g initial body weight were weighed individually and by pen for equal weight distribution and placed into 24 pens. Chickens were assigned to 10 treatments with 10 replicates (20 birds/pen) and raised for 42 days (factorial design 5 x 2; 5 Zn sources vs 2 levels). The nutritional program consisted of 2 diets: 1–21 days and 21-42 days, formulated to meet or exceed the nutritional requirements for broilers according to Rostagno et al., 2017. Treatments differed by the mineral source and by Zn level (40 or 80 mg/kg). Four types of organic Zn were used: Zn Proteinate, Zn Glycine, Zn Methionine, Zn amino acids chelate and one inorganic form, Zn sulfate. Chickens had ad libitum access to water and feed in mash form. Performance parameters were recorded 1-21, 21-42, and 1-42 days by pen. Production efficiency index calculated as follows: PEI= (weight gain x survival) / (age of slaughter in days x FCR) x 100. Statistical analysis performed using PROC GLM of SAS software, by comparing the different Zn sources by Two-way ANOVA, Duncan’s test, p< 0.10. Broiler chickens fed Zn amino acids chelate had most efficient FCR in both 40 and 80mg/kg feed levels, optimized by -2 pts and -5 pts, respectively (Zn 80mg, p=0.0346). Likewise, chickens fed Zn amino acids chelate had higher weight gain and thus higher final weight at 42 days, +42g and +57g, respectively (Zn 80mg, p=0.0936), compared to other sources. Feed intake was similar for all Zn sources except for Zn-Methionine which increased intake (+170g) and higher weight but worse FCR at Zn 40mg/kg level. These results highlight the differences in terms of efficacy of different Zn sources (inorganic and organic) and even within organic sources, variability is observed. It emphasizes the importance of careful evaluations of technical and economic performance for decision-making in animal nutrition strategies.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSVI-18 Mycotoxin exposure and its impact on inflammatory response and growth in pigs and intestinal epithelial cells","authors":"Madison N Brackett, Abiola S Lawal, Yuechi Fu, Nathan Horn, Kolapo M Ajuwon","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf102.355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf102.355","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of these studies was to determine the effect of pre-exposure to the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) on the response of intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) and nursery pigs to immune challenge with F18 E. coli and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), respectively. In-vitro experiments involved four experimental treatments: Control, DON (0.5μM, 24hr), F18 E. coli (multiplicity of infection 5:1, 3hr) and DON + E. coli. Results showed that IL-8, IL-6 and TNFα gene expression were upregulated in the E. coli and DON + E. coli treatments (P< 0.05). Relative to the Control, Claudin-4 protein expression tended to be decreased in the E. coli treatment (P=0.054) and was significantly reduced in the DON + E. coli treatment (P=0.015). Furthermore, Occludin protein expression was downregulated in E. coli (P=0.001) and DON + E. coli (P=0.001) treatments relative to Control. In each case, the DON treatment was not different from Control. A lactate-dehydrogenase assay was completed to evaluate cell death. This assay revealed that the E. coli treatment increased cell death relative to Control and DON treatments (P< 0.05). Additionally, the DON + E. coli treatment had higher cell death relative to the Control, DON and E. coli treatments (P< 0.05), indicating that pre-exposure to DON increased the lethality of E. coli in IPEC-J2 cells. To complement in-vitro work, a 28-day nursery study was conducted using 128 piglets allotted to 4 treatments with each treatment having a total of eight replicates in a randomized-complete block design. The treatments were: Control (fed standard diets, no final LPS injection), Mycotoxin (fed diets formulated to contain 2.5 ppm DON, no final LPS injection), Control + LPS (fed control diets, injected with LPS at 25 μg/kg BW on d 28), and Mycotoxin + LPS (fed mycotoxin contaminated diets, injected with LPS at 25 μg/kg BW on d 28). Body weights (kg) were higher (P < 0.05) in the Control than Mycotoxin pigs on d 14 (9.6 vs. 9.3) and d 28 (17.1 vs. 15.8). Similarly, average daily gain was higher (P < 0.05) in the Control than Mycotoxin pigs from d 1-14, 15-28 and overall (1-28). However, Gain:Feed was not affected by treatments (P > 0.05). Rectal temperatures were collected from pigs hourly for four hours following injection. At 1, 3 and 4 hours post-injection, pigs injected with LPS had elevated temperatures compared to those injected with saline (P=0.03, P=0.01, and P=0.00, respectively). At 4 hours post-injection, the Mycotoxin + LPS injection treatment tended (P=0.09) to have a higher rectal temperature relative to control diet + LPS injection treatment. In sum, prior mycotoxin exposure may impact how intestinal cells and nursery pigs respond to inflammatory or immune challenge with a potential consequence on intestinal function and growth of pigs.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"24 Digestibility of energy and concentrations of digestible and metabolizable energy in diets containing pistachio blanks fed to growing pigs","authors":"Yeonwoo Kim, Su A Lee, Hans H Stein","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf102.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf102.100","url":null,"abstract":"Pistachio blanks are a mixture of pistachio byproducts that consists of hardshell, tree branches, unsized seeds, and unripe seeds. They can be used as a high-fiber ingredient in diets for pigs, but there is no information about the nutritional value when fed to pigs. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to test the null hypothesis that apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy (GE), digestible energy (DE), and metabolizable energy (ME) in pistachio blanks are not different from those in wheat middlings fed to growing pigs. Twenty-four growing pigs (initial body weight = 23.01 kg ± 0.90 kg) were individually housed in metabolism crates. A basal diet contained corn and soybean meal as the sole sources of energy. Two additional diets were prepared to include corn and soybean meal and 30% pistachio blanks or 30% wheat middlings. Pigs were allotted to one of the three diets and there were eight replicate pigs per diet. Feces and urine samples were quantitatively collected for 4 days. The ATTD of GE and concentrations of DE and ME in pistachio blanks and wheat middlings were calculated by difference. Data were analyzed using Proc MIXED of SAS. The statistical model included diet or ingredient as fixed variable and replicate as random variable. Results from the experiment indicated that the ATTD of dry matter (DM) and GE was less (P < 0.05) in the diet containing wheat middlings than in the basal diet and the diet containing pistachio blanks (Table 1). Concentrations of DE and ME were less (P < 0.05) in the wheat middlings diet compared with the basal and pistachio blanks diets. There were no differences in the ATTD of DM and GE and concentrations of DE and ME between the basal and pistachio blanks diets. The ATTD of GE, ME to GE, and concentrations of DE and ME were greater (P < 0.05) and ME to DE tended to be greater (P < 0.10) in pistachio blanks than in wheat middlings fed to growing pigs. In conclusion, concentrations of DE and ME in pistachio blanks were 3,553 and 3,385 kcal/kg, respectively, which were greater than those in wheat middlings fed to growing pigs. Because pigs fed the pistachio blanks diet did not have any problems with feed intake and this ingredient contains relatively high energy, pistachio blanks can be used in diets for growing pigs.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSV-1 A comparison of Dhurrin-free and conventional varieties of sorghum sudangrass baleage","authors":"Nathan E Rehder, Logan Diller, Tara L Felix","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf102.375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf102.375","url":null,"abstract":"Dhurrin is a cyanogenic glycoside present in sorghum cultivars. Dhurrin is converted to prussic acid after a catalytic event, such as frost, wilting, or trampling. Prussic acid is toxic to grazing cattle, and death occurs within minutes after consumption. The objectives of this study were to compare a naturally selected, dhurrin-free (DF) sorghum sudangrass with a conventional brown midrib sorghum sudangrass (CON) to assess the nutritional composition and in-vitro ruminal disappearance. Plots were cut twice (CUT; Aug 21, 2023 and Oct 23, 2023), baled, and in-line wrapped. Bales were cored following a 28d fermentation and duplicate samples by variety (TYPE) and CUT were analyzed for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and organic matter (OM). Sub-samples were sent for commercial analysis via near infrared spectroscopy (NIR). Samples were composited by TYPE and CUT for analysis of in-vitro ruminal disappearance. Ruminal fluid was collected and used as inoculum for incubation in an automated incubator (Daisy II, ANKOM Technology, Macedon, NY) lasting for 4, 12, 48, and 72 hours (HOUR). Samples were subsequently analyzed for DM and NDF to calculate dry matter disappearance (DMD) and neutral detergent fiber disappearance (NDFD). There was a TYPE × CUT interaction (P < 0.01) for DM where no differences were observed between CON and DF at 2nd cut, however, DF was 33.34% DM compared to CON which was 26.37% at 1st cut. The CP concentration was greater (P < 0.01) at 2nd cut, while NDF, ADF, and OM were all reduced, when compared to1st cut, regardless of TYPE. There was an impact of TYPE on ADF concentration (P < 0.01); where DF had 3.56% more ADF than CON, regardless of CUT. Regression models adequately related lab analysis and NIR for all variables (P < 0.01), validating the use of NIR to analyze dhurrin free sorghum sudangrass. There were no interactions between TYPE, CUT, and HOUR (P > 0.05) for DMD. However, 2nd cut had 4.86% greater (P < 0.01) DMD than 1st cut, regardless of variety; and, DMD increased (P < 0.01) over time. A TYPE x HOUR interaction (P = 0.02) occurred for NDFD at hour 48 where NDFD was 3.98% greater for CON than DF; however, NDFD was not different by variety at other time points. There was also a CUT x HOUR interaction (P = 0.03) for NDFD, where the 1st cut had a slower rate of disappearance at all time points. Final NDFD at hour 72 was 69.9% and 75.1% for the 1st and 2nd cut, respectively. Little difference existed between the nutritional composition and in-vitro ruminal disappearance of conventional and dhurrin free sorghum sudangrass when harvested at two different cuts for baleage.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSII-15 Evaluation of a blend of phytochemicals and carboxylic acid on complete feed when inoculated with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, and SVA virus 1","authors":"Francisco Domingues, Olivia Harrison, Jianfa Bai, Martee Larson, Roman Pogranichniy, Nicole Holcombe, Othmar Lopez, Cassandra K Jones","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf102.322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf102.322","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical mitigants have been found to decrease virus concentrations in swine feed. Continued research is needed to identify the appropriate inclusion levels and application time for different viruses in this matrix. The objective was to evaluate different inclusion levels of a synergistic blend of phytochemicals and carboxylic acid (PCA) when applied either before virus inoculation (pre-inoculation) or after inoculation (post-inoculation) of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Seneca Valley virus 1 (SVV1) to complete feed. The experiment was designed in a 2×2 factorial with a PCA-based product, (Finio, Anitox Corp. Lawrenceville, GA) applied pre- or post-inoculation at either 1.75 or 2.75 kg/MT. On d0, samples of the respective matrices were weighed in 50 g aliquots and added to 500 mL bottles. The PCA blend was applied to the pre-inoculation samples at their respective inclusion levels and 50 µL of each virus were added to the post-inoculation samples. All bottles were incubated at room temperature for 24 hours. On d1, virus was added to the pre-inoculation samples and chemical mitigants were added to the post-inoculation bottles. Half of the samples were immediately processed (0 h) and the other half were incubated at room temperature for an additional 24 hours. Samples were processed and aliquots were analyzed via a triplex RT-PCR at Kansas State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory. Cycle threshold and proportion of PCR positive were analyzed using SAS GLIMMIX v 9.4 (SAS, Inc., Cary, NC) with each virus analyzed individually. An application time × inclusion level interaction was observed for PRRSV at 0 h, where less RNA was detected (P < 0.05) in the post-inoculation samples at either 1.75 or 2.75 kg/MT as compared to the pre-inoculation or control samples. For other viruses at 0 h, the post-inoculation samples had less detectable PEDV or SVV1 RNA (P < 0.05) than the pre-inoculation samples. As time continued (24 h), both pre- and post-inoculation samples had less detectable PEDV RNA (P < 0.05) than the controls in feed. Inclusion of the PCA blend at either inclusion level decreased the quantity of detectable PEDV and PRRSV RNA at 24 h (P < 0.05), but no differences were observed between the 1.75 and 2.75 kg/MT inclusion samples (P > 0.05). The use of a PCA-based product reduced viral concentrations in feed. More research is needed to understand the contact time required for viral reduction and the infectivity of these samples at defined contact times.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"207 Temporal heat stress impact on gene regulation of skeletal muscle hypertrophy in bovine myocytes","authors":"Erika P Eckhardt, Andrea M Luttman, Cedric Gondro, Jongkyoo Kim","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf102.049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf102.049","url":null,"abstract":"Skeletal muscle can be susceptible to environmental stress stimuli, causing shifts in molecular responses. This study elucidated the degree of molecular response in bovine myocytes by measuring exome-wide transcriptome abundance following temporal heat stress. Bovine satellite cells (BSCs) were extracted from Holstein calves (n=3, BW: 77.10 ± 2.02 kg). Following myogenic differentiation, confluent myocytes were exposed to one of three treatment groups for 3 h duration: 38 °C (control; CON; n=3), 39.5 °C (moderate heat stress; MHS; n=3), and 41 °C (extreme heat stress; EHS; n=3). Post temporal heat stress exposure, RNA was extracted for total RNA sequencing (RNASeq). RNA sequencing was performed using 1×100 bp format, with raw reads aligned to the bovine ARS-UCD1.2 reference genome. Myocytes underwent mRNA extraction for gene expression and were analyzed via RT-qPCR. Protein differentiations were analyzed using western blot (WB), and myocytes were stained for immunofluorescence microscopy to evaluate differentiation index, myotube diameter, and protein synthesis rate. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were assessed for gene ontology enrichment using GOrilla and selected using a significance threshold of P < 0.05 after a Benjamini and Hochberg multiple testing correction, regardless of Log2 fold change. Gene expression, protein levels, differentiation index, myotube diameter, and protein synthesis were analyzed using ANOVA with Tukey’s HSD post hoc test with a significance threshold of P < 0.05. Samples submitted for RNASeq detected 888 DEGs for MHS vs. CON and 2,590 DEGs for EHS vs. CON, with 590 DEGs shared between MHS and EHS treatments compared to CON. Elevated expression by EHS of FOXO6 and a 3-fold enrichment for genes associated with heat shock protein isoforms (HSP) binding (q < 0.001) was detected under RNASeq analysis. In addition, exposure to EHS conditions, resulted in the upregulation of HSPA6, HSPA1A, HSPH1, HSPA8, and HSP90AA1 detected in RNASeq (P < 0.05), and HSP20, HSP27, HSP70, and HSP90 confirmed by RT-qPCR (P < 0.001). Gene expression of MyoD1 and protein abundance increased under MHS and EHS conditions (P < 0.05). Myogenin gene expression in EHS was upregulated (P < 0.01) in gene expression and protein abundance. Myocytes exposed to EHS upregulated IGF-1 gene expression and led to subsequent altering of Akt/mTOR/p70S6 pathway (P < 0.05), associated with protein synthesis. Calculated differentiation index and subsequent myotube diameter increased in MHS and EHS vs. CON cells, coinciding with elevated expression levels in myosin heavy chain isoforms (MHC) I, IIA, and IIX (P < 0.05). Alteration of key anabolic pathways associated with protein synthesis, modulation of myogenic regulatory factors, and the large number of DEGs detected in HS exposed myocytes demonstrates the potential of phenotypic alterations to myotube size and protein synthesis.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}