Journal of animal science最新文献

{"title":"Digestibility of energy and nutrients in soybean expellers produced from conventional or high-oil varieties of soybeans and fed to growing pigs.","authors":"Minoy A Cristobal, Su A Lee, Andrea P Mallea, Leidy Torres-Mendoza, C M Parsons, Hans H Stein","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective was to test the hypothesis that standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA), metabolizable energy (ME), and standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P in soybean expellers produced from a new variety of high-oil soybeans (SBE-HO) are not different when compared with expellers produced from conventional soybeans (SBE-CV). In Exp. 1, nine barrows (30.0 ± 1.5 kg) that had a T-cannula installed in the distal ileum were allotted to a triplicated 3 × 3 Latin Square design with three diets and three periods in each square. An N-free diet and two diets containing SBE-CV or SBE-HO were used. Pigs were housed individually in fully slatted pens and ileal digesta were collected on d 6 and 7 of each period. Ileal digesta and diets were analyzed for AA, and SID of AA was calculated. Results indicated that the SID of Arg, Ile, and Lys was not different between the two sources of soybean expellers, but the SID of other indispensable AA were greater (P < 0.05) in SBE-CV compared with SBE-HO. However, because of greater AA concentration, SBE-HO had greater concentrations of digestible Arg, Lys, Met, and Trp compared SBE-CV. In Exp. 2, thirty pigs (18.3 ± 1.3 kg) were randomly allotted to three diets containing corn, corn and SBE-CV, or corn and SBE-HO as energy sources. Pigs were housed in metabolism crates and feces and urine were separately collected for 4 d after 5 d of adaptation. Feces, urine, and diets were analyzed for gross energy and ME was calculated. Results indicated that ME in SBE-HO was not different from ME in SBE-CV. In Exp. 3, forty-eight barrows (12.0 ± 1.6 kg) were allotted to six diets. The SBE-CV and SBE-HO were included in diets with three levels of microbial phytase (i.e., 0, 500, or 1,000 units/kg). Pigs were housed in metabolism crates and feces were collected quantitatively for 4 d after 5 d of adaptation. Feces and diets were analyzed for P and the STTD of P was calculated. Results indicated that inclusion of phytase in the diets linearly (P < 0.001) increased the STTD of P regardless of source of soybean expellers, but STTD of P was not different between SBE-HO and SBE-CV. It is concluded that if SBE-HO is included in diets for pigs instead of SBE-CV, slightly less soybean expellers is needed due to greater concentration of limiting AA, but ME and STTD of P will not be changed.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of fatty acid percentages and mass, sensory attributes, and volatile aroma compounds for segregating beef quality grades","authors":"Chris R Kerth, Gyoungok Gang, Rhonda K Miller, Stephen B Smith","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf069","url":null,"abstract":"We hypothesized that combining sensory flavor attributes, volatile aroma compounds (VAC), and fatty acid composition would better separate beef quality grades than fatty acid composition alone. Select, Choice, Prime, and Grass-fed ribeye rolls (n = 6 per group) were purchased from a local distributor, so production conditions or cattle type were unknown. Select cooked beef steaks ranked lowest for Beef Flavor, Bloody/Serumy, Brown/Roasted, and Umami (P ≤ 0.048). Prime steaks had greater values than other steak types for the VAC 2-methyl-butanal, 2-methyl-propanal (2MP), 3-methyl-butanal (3MB), and 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (3H2B) (P ≤ 0.025). There was a significant, positive correlation of 3MB and 3H2B with Beef Flavor (P ≤ 0.05), and 2MB, 3MB, and 2MP were significantly, positively correlated with Brown/Roasted (P ≤ 0.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) that included fatty acid percentages indicated that all positive flavor attributes clustered with 2MP and 3H2P, Grass-fed, and Prime. A PCA analysis that included mg fatty acid/100 g muscle (i.e., fatty acid mass) segregated all positive flavor attributes and all fatty acids with Grass-fed and Prime steaks, but VAC were not in the same quadrant. Fatty acid percentages, sensory attributes, and VAC were analyzed by partial least squares regression discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and Grass-fed and Select clustered closely and Prime and Choice clustered separately. Analysis by PLS-DA fatty acid mass, sensory attributes, and VAC indicated that all beef types were distinctly separated. We conclude that including fatty acid composition with sensory attributes and VAC better separates beef quality types than fatty acid composition alone.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"212 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143570465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adjustment of branched-chain amino acid balance fails to prevent feed intake decline in lactating sows fed high soybean meal diets.","authors":"Dalton C Humphrey, Laura L Greiner","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A total of 352 sows were used to investigate the effect of soybean meal (SBM) level and adjusted branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) balance on lactating sow and piglet performance. On day 112 ± 1.5 of gestation, sows were randomly assigned, within parity, to one of four dietary treatments: low SBM (LSBM), high SBM (HSBM), LSBM with adjusted BCAA (LSBM+BCAA), or HSBM with adjusted BCAA (HSBM+BCAA). The BCAA balance was adjusted to achieve equal standardized ileal digestible (SID) Ile:Leu:Val in the LSBM and HSBM+BCAA diets (SID Ile:Leu:Val 0.49:1.00:0.73) and in the HSBM and LSBM+BCAA diets (SID Ile:Leu:Val 0.54:1.00:0.58). All diets were formulated to be equal in SID Lys, isocaloric, and meet or exceed NRC (2012) recommendations for all other essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals. Sow body weight (BW) and backfat thickness (BF) were measured at the time of entry into the farrowing room and at weaning. Litter weights were captured after cross-fostering and at weaning to calculate litter growth rate. Data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models in R (v4.4.1; R Core Team, 2024) with fixed effects of dietary treatment, parity group, and their interaction and a random effect of lactation group. The sow and her litter were the experimental unit, and results were considered significant if P ≤ 0.05. There was an effect of the dietary treatments on sow average daily feed intake (ADFI; P < 0.001). Sows consuming the LSBM diet exhibited greater ADFI compared to HSBM (7.43 vs. 7.05 kg/d; P = 0.024) or HSBM+BCAA (7.43 vs. 6.87; P < 0.001), while sows fed LSBM+BCAA showed greater ADFI than HSBM+BCAA (7.24 vs. 6.87; P = 0.025), but similar ADFI to LSBM- (P = 0.515) and HSBM-fed (P = 0.466) fed sows. Despite differences in ADFI, sows gained an average of 7.1 kg of BW (P = 0.682) and lost 1.3 mm of BF (P = 0.928) through the lactation period. Sows started the trial with an average of 14.0 piglets/sow (P = 0.787) and weaned 12.6 piglets/sow (P = 0.875) with a piglet average daily gain of 0.22 kg/d (P = 0.646). Increasing SBM inclusion by 14% reduced sow ADFI in lactation by approximately 5%, but did not alter sow BW or BF loss or piglet growth rate. While adjusting BCAA in the LSBM diet slightly reduced sow feed intake, adjusting BCAA in the HSBM diet did not alleviate the reduction in ADFI caused by elevated SBM, suggesting the balance of BCAA does not contribute to the feed intake response observed with elevated SBM inclusion in lactation diets.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143572967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perinatal nutritional effects on postpubertal secretion of gonadotropins and feedback responsiveness to estradiol-17β in sexually mature heifers","authors":"Viviana Garza, Julie Kellerman, Tatiane S Maia, Rodolfo C Cardoso, Gary L Williams","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf065","url":null,"abstract":"Developmental changes in response to nutritional extremes may in some cases be manifested later in adult life. Objectives of experiments reported herein were to test the hypotheses that maternal nutrition during mid- to late-gestation interacts with postnatal nutrition during the juvenile period in heifers to impact 1) tonic secretion of gonadotropins, and 2) estradiol-17β (E2) negative and positive feedback responsiveness in adulthood. Heifers were selected from a larger population programmed nutritionally using a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement of pre- and postnatal diets. Beginning at 90 days of pregnancy, Bos indicus-influenced cows (n = 95) bearing heifer fetuses were fed to achieve body condition scores (BCS; 1-9 scale) of 3-3.5 (L; thin), 5.5-6 (M; moderate), or 7.5-8 (H; obese) by onset of the third trimester and maintained thereafter. Heifer offspring were weaned at 3-3.5 mo of age and assigned to either a low- (L; 0.5 kg/d) or high-gain (H; 1.0 kg/d) diet until 8 mo of age, then fed a common diet until puberty. Heifers (n = 18; 6/group) representing HH, MH, and LL combinations were ovariectomized postpubertally and received E2 replacement. In Exp. 1, blood samples were collected at 10-min intervals to evaluate pulsatile secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) for 5.5 h. Heifers in the MH group (1.25 ± 0.11 ng/mL) tended (P &amp;lt; 0.09) to have greater amplitude of LH pulses compared to HH (0.91 ± 0.14 ng/mL) and LL groups (0.96 ± 0.09 ng/mL); otherwise, frequency, amplitude, and mean concentrations of LH and FSH did not differ among groups. In Exp. 2, heifers received E2 (2.4 ug/kg I.M.), with blood sampling at 30-min to 1-h intervals for 30 h. Exogenous E2 (Exp. 2) suppressed (P &amp;lt; 0.0001) mean plasma concentrations of LH and FSH equally among groups, then stimulated equivalent surges of LH beginning at 14 ± 0.4 h, with only two FSH surges detected. Similarly, neither negative nor positive feedback responsiveness to E2 differed among the treatment combinations studied..","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143570466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short Communication: Feeding behaviors are not correlated with area-under-the-curve for reticulorumen pH below 5.8 and 5.6 in finishing steers","authors":"Rachael E Coon, Cassandra B Tucker","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf058","url":null,"abstract":"Persistent low rumen pH (&amp;lt;5.8-5.6) is the most researched sign of Subacute Ruminal Acidosis (SARA), a disorder in cattle caused by consumption of a high-concentrate diet. Animals may ruminate less and eat forages to slow acid accumulation, but there are no other easily detectable signs of SARA. The objective was to evaluate whether feeding behavior is correlated to daily time spent below reticulorumen pH 5.8 and 5.6. We predicted that the severity of daily fluctuation in pH below 5.8 would be negatively correlated to daily intake, the number of visits to the feed bin, and time spent eating, as decreases in these variables are indicative of sickness behavior. These aspects of feeding behavior are moderately, positively correlated to each other (r≥0.3), thus do not represent 3 independent tests of our hypothesis, but rather, create an overall picture of feeding behavior. Eighteen steers were fed a high-concentrate finishing ration ad-libitum, with delivery twice daily into automated feed bins that measured feeding behavior. Wireless boluses measured reticulorumen pH in 10-min intervals continuously for 11.5±0.9 d (mean±SD). The mean daily pH was 6.1±0.2, the mean daily maximum pH was 6.7±0.1, and the mean daily minimum pH was 5.5±0.2 (mean±SD). The area-under-the-curve (AUC) for pH below 5.8 and 5.6 for each 24-h day was calculated for each animal (AUC: 75.2±15.5 and 30.3±7.4 pH x min/24 h, respectively, mean±SE). Repeated-measures correlation analyses investigated the relationship between AUC and each of the behavioral variables. There was no correlation between time spent eating (74.0±&amp;gt;3.0 min/24 h, mean±SE) or visits to the feed (27.0±2.4 no./24 h) and AUC (r=-0.072; p=0.34). A weak negative correlation existed between the DMI (10.0±0.2 kg/24 h) and AUC &amp;lt; pH 5.6 (r=-0.164; p=0.03), but not for AUC &amp;lt; pH 5.8 (r=-0.122, p=0.10). The same analyses were conducted for daily AUC and the feeding behaviors on the following day to capture a delayed behavioral response, but no associations were detected (p≥0.12). The feeding behaviors measured alone were not adequate to describe the severity of reticulorumen pH depression in finishing cattle. Individual variation in tolerance to low pH, adequate time to adapt to the finishing ration, and/or selection pressures for weight gain may have contributed to the lack of a defined sickness response to SARA.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143570473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Black Soldier Fly Larvae on the Fecal Characteristics, Skin and Coat Health Markers, Immune Function, and Oral Health Measures of Healthy Adult Cats.","authors":"Patrícia M Oba, Vanessa M De La Guardia-Hidrogo, Olivia R Swanson, Julio C Mioto, Elizabeth A Koutsos, Daniel Adams, Gene Pavlovsky, Stephanie C J Keating, Andrew J Steelman, Kelly S Swanson","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) is a recently approved alternative protein source for dog and cat foods and treats in the US, but research in cats remains limited. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of BSFL on the serum chemistry, hematology, skin and coat health markers, fecal characteristics, immune function, and oral health measures of healthy adult cats. Twenty-five adult cats (17 females and 8 males; 6.28 ± 0.27 yr; 4.50 ± 0.18 kg) were used in a completely randomized design. The study was composed of a 21-d baseline period and a 70-d experimental period. During the baseline period, all cats were fed a chicken meal-based control diet (35% of diet). After baseline, cats were assigned to 1 of 2 experimental diets: control diet (n=12) or a BSFL-containing diet (20% whole BSFL meal and 24% chicken meal; n=13). At baseline, teeth were cleaned by a veterinarian. Breath samples were analyzed for odor components, salivary pH was measured, and blood samples were collected after baseline cleaning, d 35, and d 70. Feces were scored, fecal samples were collected, skin was assessed, and hair was collected at baseline and d 70. Oral health indicators were assessed by a board-certified veterinarian at d 70. Data were analyzed using the mixed models procedure of SAS, testing for effects of diet (oral microbiota) or diet, time, and diet*time (variables measured over time), with P<0.05 being significant. Diet*time interactions (P<0.05) were noted for blood calcium, cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations and fecal characteristics, metabolite concentrations, and microbiota populations. Some hematologic measures were affected by time, but none were impacted by diet. Cats fed BSFL had lower (P<0.05) fecal pH, dry matter, and phenol, indole, and branched-chain fatty acid concentrations, and greater (P<0.05) fecal scores and short-chain fatty acid concentrations. Fecal microbiota populations were affected by BSFL, with alpha diversity, beta diversity, and >20 bacterial genera being different between groups. Immune markers, skin and hair measures, salivary pH, breath odor, and oral microbiota and health measures were unaffected by the diet. In conclusion, a 20% dietary BSFL inclusion had clear effects on the fecal characteristics, metabolites, and microbiota of healthy adult cats, shifting most outcomes in a positive direction. Inclusion of BSFL had mild effects on serum metabolites and did not significantly affect the other variables measured.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143567155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved Quality of Cottonseed Meal: Effect of Cottonseed Protein Isolate on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Intestinal Health in Growing Pigs","authors":"Kang Wang, Kaizheng Ren, Yuheng Luo, Ping Zheng, Xiangbing Mao, Hui Yan, Quyuan Wang, Jun He","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf057","url":null,"abstract":"Cottonseed meal (CSM) is abundant in proteins that has the potential to substitute for conventionally utilized protein supplements for animals. However, the presence of anti-nutritional factors in CSM, particularly free gossypol, has limited its application. This study evaluated the nutritional value of a cottonseed protein isolate (CPI) derived from CSM using an alkaline extraction and acid precipitation process, and explored its effect on intestinal health in growing pigs. 32 Duroc-Landrace-Yorkshire castrated male pigs (initial body weight 19 ± 2 kg) were divided into four treatment groups: nitrogen-free diet (NFD), corn-soybean meal diet (CSD), cottonseed meal diet (CSMD, where CSM replaced 35% of the nitrogen in CSD), cottonseed protein isolate diet (CPID, where CPI replaced 35% of the nitrogen in CSD). Our study revealed that, as compared to the CSM, the CPI exhibited significantly higher crude protein content and lower levels of crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and free gossypol (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Interestingly, CPI feeding significantly decreased the ratio of gain to feed (G:F) in growing pigs (P = 0.012). Moreover, CPI also showed an improved apparent and true digestibility of protein, as well as enhanced nitrogen utilization in growing pigs (P &amp;lt; 0.05). The metabolizable energy of CPI was significantly higher than that of CSM (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Additionally, CPI showed higher apparent ileal digestibility and standardized ileal digestibility for amino acids such as arginine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and serine (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Importantly, CPI feeding improved the intestinal health in pigs as indicated by increases in villus height and digestive enzyme activities (P &amp;lt; 0.05), as well as increases in production of short-chain fatty acid and beneficial microbiota (0.05 ≤ P &amp;lt; 0.10). The results not only showed an improved quality of CPI as compared to the CSM, but also indicated a beneficial effect of CPI on the growth performance and intestinal health in growing pigs. These attributes should make it an attractive candidate to substitute for conventionally utilized protein supplements like with the soybean meal.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A specific blend of prebiotics and postbiotics improved gut microbiome of dogs with soft stools in the in vitro Simulator of the Canine Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SCIME)","authors":"Cindy Duysburgh, Celine Nicolas, Mattia Van den Broeck, Fanny Lloret, Patricia Monginoux, Christophe Rème, Massimo Marzorati","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf056","url":null,"abstract":"The Simulator of the Canine Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SCIME) allows for the study of long-term effects of food, supplements, or ingredients on the canine gut microbiome in a simulated proximal and distal colon. This model has been used to evaluate the impact of repeated administration of a test product blend composed of a mixture of baobab fruit pulp, acacia gum, heat-killed Lactobacillus helveticus HA-122, and specific fractions of selected inactivated yeast strains (including Saccharomyces cerevisiae AQP 12260 and AQP 12988 and Cyberlindnera jadinii AQP 12549), on the activity and composition of the gut microbiome of canine donors with soft stools. The SCIME colonic reactors were inoculated with fecal material from 3 different canine donors. After two days of stabilization, the 8-day parallel control/treatment period was initiated; reactors were fed with SCIME nutritional medium with or without test product. Changes in microbial metabolic activity were assessed by measuring levels of acetate, propionate, butyrate, lactate, branched short-chain fatty acids, and ammonium. Changes in microbial community composition were assessed using 16S-targeted Illumina sequencing. Overall, test product supplementation resulted in increased saccharolytic fermentation, as evidenced by increases in the health-promoting bacterial metabolites as propionate (donor-dependent), acetate and butyrate (donor-dependent) as well as increased abundances of several saccharolytic fermenting microbes, including Bifidobacterium. Conversely, proteolytic bacteria like Proteobacteria were reduced with test product compared to control. Repeated supplementation with the test product was therefore able to induce - in vitro - a positive modulation of the microbiome originated from dogs with soft stools.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technical Note: Optimizing and Validating an RP-HPLC Method to Determine Lactoferrin in Porcine Colostrum and Milk","authors":"Katharina Metzger, Ulrike Gimsa, Winfried Otten","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf068","url":null,"abstract":"This Technical Note provides a detailed description of a sample preparation procedure, along with the validation of a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for quantitatively determining lactoferrin (LF) in porcine colostrum and milk. The analysis of native milk samples is a challenging process due to the complex composition of the sample. Raw milk is an emulsion and colloid of fat globules in a water-based liquid containing dissolved carbohydrates and protein aggregates with minerals. This paper aims to optimize a method for preparing porcine colostrum and milk samples, which involves a new combination of homogenization, centrifugation, dilution, and filtration techniques for the subsequent analysis of LF via RP-HPLC. A validation process was implemented to ensure the reliability and repeatability of this analytical approach. The results showed that the quantification of LF content in porcine colostrum (1684.58 ± 466.68 µg/mL; n = 10) and milk (849.75 ± 85.82 µg/mL; n = 10) is feasible with successful validation. In addition, the improved sensitivity due to the novel combination of these preparation steps is shown by low limits of detection and quantification of 0.21 µg/mL each. The advantage of this optimized methodology is that the sample preparation can be carried out relatively simply and using standard laboratory equipment, thus enabling the accurate determination of LF in porcine colostrum and milk samples.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143570474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late gestation maternal overnutrition alters gene expression and histomorphology in neonatal foal testes","authors":"Alex M Trauner, Sarah R McCoski, M Carey Satterfield, Amanda N Bradbery","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf060","url":null,"abstract":"Reproductive health of male offspring following perturbations in maternal nutrition is not well described in the horse; therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of maternal overnutrition on neonatal foal testicular development. Sixteen Quarter Horse mares were used in a completely randomized design and stratified by expected foaling date, body weight, and body condition score into one of two dietary treatments beginning on gestational day 235: control (CON; n = 8) fed to meet nutrient requirements and overfed (HIGH; n = 8) fed 40% above CON. At 5 h postpartum, foals were euthanized, and testes from male foals were harvested, weighed, and stored for analyses. Samples were numerically coded in a blinded fashion and processed randomly to eliminate bias. Histomorphometric evaluations were performed following a hematoxylin &amp; eosin stain and evaluated using ImageJ. All data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure in SAS v9.4. Horse within treatment serves as a random effect, with a main effect of treatment. For RNA sequencing, differential gene expression analysis used DESeq2 1.20.0 R package to compare gene expression levels between CON and HIGH, and P-values were adjusted using the Benjamini-Hochberg correction. The threshold for significance was set at P ≤ 0.05 with trends toward significance at 0.05 &amp;lt; P ≤ 0.10, with sequencing data using adjusted P-values. Stringency was set to include differentially expressed genes with an unadjusted P-value &amp;lt; 0.05 for pathway enrichment analysis. Testes from HIGH foals (n = 4) were 61% heavier than testes from CON foals (n = 4; P &amp;lt; 0.01). There was no difference in individual seminiferous tubule area (P = 0.76) or Sertoli cell number within tubule (P = 0.57); however, testes from HIGH foals had 2.3 times fewer tubules per 10× magnification field than CON foals (P = 0.01). Further, tubules represented a lesser percentage of image area relative to interstitial tissue in testes from HIGH foals (P = 0.05). RNA sequencing revealed 56 differentially expressed genes between HIGH and CON testes (P-adjusted &amp;lt; 0.05). Differentially expressed genes represented biological processes related to steroidogenesis, cell regulation, and energy metabolism. Thus, late gestation maternal overnutrition alters fetal testicular development with potential long-term implications to reproductive function.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143546450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}