Journal of animal science最新文献

{"title":"PSXIV-29 Differential placental gene expression in response to winter feeding high-forage and high-concentrate diets in beef cows.","authors":"Megan A Wehrbein, Hector M Menendez, Ana B Clara B Menezes, Wellison J S Diniz, Priyanka Banerjee","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf300.609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf300.609","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to determine the effects of high forage (2.02 Mcal/kg dietary ME) or high concentrate (2.84 Mcal/kg dietary ME) diets on the differential gene expression and underlying biological pathways in cotyledonary placental tissue of beef cows. Forty-six pregnant (210 ± 10 d of gestation) Angus and Simmental-Angus cows (BW = 630 ± 12.0 kg) were blocked by breed, age, and body weight (BW) and assigned to one of two treatments: 1) Ad-libitum feeding of a forage-based diet (HFOR; n = 23); or 2) a corn-based diet limit-fed at 1.2% BW (HCON; n = 23). Cows were housed in a group-pen at the SDSU Cow-Calf Research Facility (Brookings, SD). Treatments were applied on d 50 (± 10 d) pre-calving and continued until d 84 post-calving. Calving was observed for each cow, and placentas were collected immediately following natural expulsion. The largest cotyledon closest to the umbilicus was dissected and rinsed with phosphate-buffered saline solution. A 2.5 ´ 2.5 cm2 of cotyledonary tissue (n = 10 per treatment) was snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80°C. Total RNA was isolated from the samples and subjected to RNA sequencing (HCON = 7 and HFOR = 6). After quality control, the reads were mapped to the Bos taurus reference genome using STAR aligner, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using DESeq2. Transcriptomics analysis revealed 460 DEGs between the groups (P ≤ 0.05 and |Log2FC| > 1). Among them, 182 genes were upregulated, and 278 were downregulated in the placenta of HFOR cows. Nutrient transporter genes (SLC4A3, SLC28A3, and SLC25A16) were among the upregulated genes in the HFOR group. Functional over-representation analysis of DEGs through ShinyGO retrieved biological processes (BP) and KEGG pathways. Significant BPs included genes involved with angiogenesis and circulatory system development. Mitochondrial genes (MT-ND2, MT-CO2, MT-ATP6, MT-ND4L, MT-ND4, MT-ND6, andMT-CYB) were upregulated in the placenta from HFOR cows and over-represented in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. Similarly, histone protein-coding genes were upregulated (H2AC18, H2AC20, H2AC10, and H2BC19), suggesting chromatin remodeling events linked to the regulation of placental gene expression. Differences in maternal diet during gestation affected the transcriptomic profile of cotyledonary placental tissue in beef cows. These transcriptomic changes may reflect underlying mechanisms through which maternal nutrition influences placental function and, ultimately, fetal development and offspring performance. However, further studies are required to explore the long-term implications of these alterations on animal performance.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSXIII-17 Evaluation of supplementation of an extruded dried distillers grains plus solubles cube provided three times weekly versus daily on performance of steers grazing Bermudagrass pastures.","authors":"Miriam A Snider, Cody Shelton, Clyle C Jones, Grayson Gourley, Henry Hilscher, Cody Welchons, Travis Whitney, Daniel Rivera","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf300.711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf300.711","url":null,"abstract":"Dried distillers grains plus solubles (DDGS) are an energy-rich byproduct of ethanol production. Although DDGS supplementation may increase animal performance during the grazing season, providing supplemental feed may be labor intensive. The objective of this study was to assess the performance of steers grazing bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) receiving DDGS cubes three times weekly versus daily supplementation. A total of 60 crossbred beef steers (249.6 ± 0.73 kg) were shipped from a nearby contract facility to the Southwest Research and Extension Center Stocker Unit (Hope, AR). Prior to the start of the treatment period, steers were allowed to graze bermudagrass pastures. Animals were dewormed, received an implant, and weighed before the study began. Steers were stratified by weight and assigned to one of three treatment groups: 1) no DDGS supplementation (0X; n = 5 pastures), 2) DDGS cubes supplemented three times a week (3X; n = 5 pastures), or 3) DDGS cubes supplemented daily (7X; n = 5 pastures). Treatments were administered over an 84-d period between July and October with DDGS offered to 3X steers at a rate of 1.2% BW and 7X steers at a rate of 0.6% BW. Cattle had ad libitum access to loose mineral throughout the study. Steer body weights (BW) were recorded individually on d 0 and d 84 and on a pen-basis on d 28 and d 56. Steer BW and average daily gain (ADG) were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with treatment as a fixed effect and block as a random effect. Steers not receiving DDGS supplementation served as a control. Initial steer BW did not differ between treatments (P = 0.41). However, there was a tendency (P = 0.08) for greater BW of steers receiving the 3X (281.8 kg) and 7X (282.13 kg) treatments relative to 0X (275.1 kg) at d 28. At d 56 (P ≤ 0.008) and d 84 (P ≤ 0.001), 3X and 7X treatment groups were heavier than 0X. Similar trends were noted for ADG. Between d 0 and 28, 3X and 7X steers tended (P = 0.06) to gain more than 0X steers. Between d 0 and 56 (P = 0.004) and d 0 and 84 (P = 0.001), 3X and 7X steers gained more than 0X steers. Preliminary results indicate that steers grazing bermudagrass pastures with supplementation of DDGS resulted in greater animal gains no matter the number of days supplemented.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSI-24 Meat and poultry processing workforce development program: Providing market access to Kentucky producers using a mobile processing unit.","authors":"Olufemi Oyewo, Sarah N Carr, Abbigail Hines, Megan Goins, Steven Skelton","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf300.563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf300.563","url":null,"abstract":"There is a rising concern for the shortage of meat processing services to small-farm producers within the Southeast. Within Kentucky, there are only 26 meat processors offering approved USDA-inspected services to over 100 counties. To address this shortage, a collaborative multi-state Meat and Poultry Processing Workforce Development Program was established in 2021. A Mobile Processing Unit (MPU) was fitted to provide accessible and inspection-approved services to small farmers in Kentucky. The objective of this initiative was to, 1) allow producers the opportunity to raise, process and market several species of small livestock, including poultry, rabbits, freshwater prawns, and finfish and; 2) provide educational training for Facility Managers. The MPU has served 50 small livestock processors with target audiences including 4-H groups, FFA students, schools, and small-farm producers. From year 2021 to 2024, the MPU has hosted processing of 5,642 chickens, 551 turkeys, 200 quail, and 1,108 rabbits. Additionally, it facilitated processing of 25 kg of tilapia and 396 kgs of prawns. Recent project results from KSU include 303 participants across Kentucky, including certification of 22 new facility managers and 4 renewal certifications. Training encompassed operation of the MPU, safety protocols, equipment handling, and regulatory compliance. Since 2005, this effort has certified 347 facility managers around Kentucky. The MPU has served as a vital resource for small-scale, local, and underserved producers to process small animals ensuring food safety, traceability, and humane treatment. Current program efforts demonstrate this MPU has strengthened the capacity of producers and facility managers to operate effectively. Therefore, the MPU may provide a replicable model to strengthen small-scale meat processing infrastructure nationwide.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges to promote (positive) welfare and sustainable farming for pigs: developing production systems to allow behaviour performance (free farrowing, outdoor access, non tail-docking)","authors":"Emma Fàbrega i Romans","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf300.166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf300.166","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of animal welfare has fluctuated over time, following changes in values and beliefs, together with advances in the scientific understanding of animals. A relevant driver in the new definitions of animal welfare has been the higher interest in including affective states, especially positive ones, under a new approach known as Positive Animal Welfare (PAW). Under PAW approach promoting animal welfare goes beyond minimizing suffering or the avoidance of negative states, because an absence of suffering does not mean that all the proclivities of an animal are being fulfilled; particularly, it can overlook the potential benefits of providing environments that enable animals to express their whole behavioural repertoire. The sustainability of animal production systems is often defined by their economic and/or environmental impact. However, the Sustainability Assessment of Food and Agriculture Systems outlines two additional pillars of sustainability: governance and social. The social pillar covers the quality of life for both humans and animals involved in the system, and the promotion of positive animal welfare (PAW) is, therefore, also inherent to making a system more sustainable. Under the framework of the European Partnership of Animal Health and Welfare (EUPAHW), the trade-offs and synergies between systems promoting animal welfare with the other sustainability pillars have been explored. Three examples of best practices identified in the EUPAHW that promote PAW or help prevent negative welfare outcomes in pig production will be presented, along with their links to sustainability: non tail-docking, free-farrowing and provision of outdoor access. Tail docking is a common practice in European intensive production systems, although routine tail docking is not allowed by legislation; being considered a painful procedure not tackling the underlying causes of tail biting. At present, European farmers are conducting trials to develop strategies to prevent tail biting in undocked pigs, which have direct consequences on the sustainability of the production system. Besides, the European Citizens’ Initiative “End the cage age” was brought to the EU commission, who initiated plans to prohibit cages and improve animal welfare in multiple farmed animal species. In farrowing and lactating sows, crating has been recognized as severely restricting postural movements, nest building and maternal behaviours and, thus, inducing stress and frustration. The new housing designs under zero or semi confinement for sows will be presented, with regards to its possibilities to promote PAW and its potential impacts in sustainability. Finally, the conventional keeping of growing pigs in an indoor, climate-controlled building with fully or partly slatted floors and minimum space allowance has been said to limit the fulfilment of ethological and physiological needs, such as foraging, and will be presented as an example of best practice promoting PAW, together with its ","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSVIII-9 Longitudinal characterization of lymphocyte subsets and humoral immune markers in growing Labrador retrievers.","authors":"Fiona B Mccracken, Claire L Timlin, Sarah M Dickerson, Jason W Fowler, Patrick M Skaggs, Craig N Coon","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf300.529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf300.529","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to characterize the development of the immune system from puppyhood to adulthood in Labrador retrievers. Monthly blood samples were collected from 21 puppies (11M/10F) from 1 month to 1 year of age. For flow cytometry, EDTA whole blood was stained with a multi-color panel including LIVE/DEAD lime viability stain, anti-canine CD4 antibody conjugated to super bright 600, anti-canine CD8 antibody conjugated to super bright 702, anti-canine CD3 antibody conjugated to FITC, anti-canine CD21 antibody conjugated to r-PE, anti-canine CD5 antibody conjugated to PerCP-eFluor 710, and super bright staining buffer. Samples were then lysed and analyzed on an Attune NxT flow cytometer. Gates were determined according to unstained samples, and data was recorded as the percentage of lymphocytes, with the exception of CD4+ and CD8+ cells which were recorded as the percent of CD3+ cells. Plasma samples were utilized for D2Dx analysis at 12, 24, 36, and 50 weeks of age. Data was analyzed in SAS using a repeated measures mixed model with fixed effects of age, sex, and age*sex with dog as the repeated subject, and visualized in JMP. As expected, there were significant effects of age, sex, and age*sex on weight (P ≤ 0.003), with puppies growing over the source of the study, and males on average weighing more than females. There were significant age and sex effects (P ≤ 0.024) for the percentage of CD3+ T cells, which increased throughout the study and which was higher in females. There was an age effect (P < 0.001) for the percentage of CD21+ B cells which decreased as the subjects aged. There were age and sex effects (P ≤ 0.043) for CD5dim cells, tentatively identified as natural killer cells, with levels decreasing over time, and males on average having lower levels than females. The percentage of CD3+CD4+ T cells had significant effects of age and age*sex (P ≤ 0.044), with percentages increasing over time. The percentage of CD3+CD8+ T cells had significant age and sex effects (P ≤ 0.022) with percentages decreasing as the subjects aged, and males having overall lower percentages compared to females. The ratio between CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ cells had a significant age effect (P < 0.001), but unexpectedly increased considerably over the course of the study. D2Dx scores, a measure of non-cellular humoral immunity, increased significantly between 12, 24, and 36 weeks (P < 0.001), but remained stable between week 36 and the end of the study. Overall, these findings provide valuable insights for researchers and clinicians regarding immune system maturation in Labrador retrievers.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"15 Biochar additions as a catalyst for climate-smart agriculture and a sustainable solution to greenhouse gas emissions.","authors":"Hossam Ismael, Byeng Ryel Min, Mariline Hilaire, Santosh Chaudhary, Vivian Kanyi, Heba Abdo","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf300.081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf300.081","url":null,"abstract":"The role of biochar application in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and refining soil health is a subject of extensive research, yet its effects remain questioned. Two sets of experiments were conducted to determine the effects of two varieties of biochar (natural and industrial) on soil fluxes of CH4, N2O, CO2, H2O, soil moister, soil temperature, and aggregate-associated carbon measured at the Caprine Research and Education Unit, Tuskegee University, AL during 12-week. The first experiment (Exp. 1) was conducted to evaluate the effects of industrial biochar on GHG emissions, while the second experiment (Exp. 2) was conducted to evaluate the effects of utilizing natural biochar on GHG emissions from grazing lands. The objectives of this study were 1) to measure the soil fluxes of CH4, N2O, CO2, H2O, soil moister, and soil temperature throughout the experiments using twelve soil chambers (n = 3) without or with the addition of different levels of both industrial and natural biochar (0, 10%, 20%, and 30%/kg soil) measured using LI-COR LI-7810 and LI-7820 Trace Gas Analyzers. Our preliminary results in Exp. 1 showed that industrial biochar amendment linearly decreased the cumulative CO2 emissions by 6% during the experiment (P ≤ 0.05). Compared to the control treatment, the effects of biochar amendment on CH4 (P = 0.24) and N2O (P = 0.13) emissions were not significantly different across the experimental period. In contrast, industrial biochar tends to reduce GHG emissions when its quantity in the soil increases. In Exp.2, natural biochar amendment significantly decreased (P < 0.001) in the cumulative CH4 and CO2 emissions by 26% and 84 % during the experiment, respectively. Industrial and natural biochar has no apparent effects on decreasing N2O emissions because N2O needs time for nitrogen fermentation by soil bacteria. Neither industrial biochar nor natural biochar addition affected soil temperature, but soil temperature was significantly affected by the interactions among biochar, N fertilizer, and time (all p < 0.05). Our study concluded that biochar has the highest potential for reducing CH4 and N2O gasses while increasing soil temperature by increasing the proportion of carbon stored inside. This provides a unique method for biochar’s contribution to soil carbon sequestration. However, the long-term sustainability of biochar effects on varied soil types remains challenging.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"217 Understanding tail-biting in pigs: Effects of time of day, posture, and feeder occupancy.","authors":"Courtney A Archer, Storey L Forster, Benny E Mote, Ty B Schmidt, Jon Anderson, Lee J Johnston, Yuzhi Li","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf300.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf300.011","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to identify when and where tail-biting occurs and analyze pig postures to inform management strategies that reduce tail-biting and improve pig welfare. Pigs (N = 315; initial weight = 22.07 ± 3.76 kg) with intact tails were assigned to small (SG, 9 pigs/pen, 4.80 x 1.55 m) or large (LG, 18 pigs/pen, 4.80 x 3.10 m) pens, with SG having 4 feeder spaces and LG having 8 feeder spaces. Pig behavior was recorded continuously for 14 weeks using the NUtrack Livestock Monitoring System. Videos were manually viewed from 0800 to 1500 h on the day before the first tail-biting outbreak in each pen to register behavior when tail-biting occurred. Data were analyzed using the FREQ procedure in SAS. Standardized residuals (> 2 or < -2) were used to identify significant deviations in temporal distribution and feeder occupancy. Residuals of hourly tail-biting events indicated a higher-than-expected occurrence between 0800 – 0900 h (r = 3.21) and 1400 – 1500 h (r = 3.72), whereas lower-than-expected occurrences were observed between 0900 – 1000 h (r = -3.26) and 1000 – 1100 h (r = -4.36). Victimized pigs were primarily lying sternal (χ2 = 1818.06, df = 5; P < 0.0001), while pigs engaging in tail-biting were more likely to be standing compared to non-biting pigs (χ2 = 1008.6, df = 3; P < 0.0001) during tail-biting events. Tail-biting predominantly occurred in the middle of the pen rather than near the front or rear of the pen (χ2 = 24.41, df = 2; P < 0.0001). Tail-biting was more likely to occur when feeder occupancy was low, specifically when 50% or fewer of the feeder spaces were occupied, in both SG (χ² = 362.55, df = 4; P < 0.0001) and LG (χ² = 224.86, df = 8; P < 0.0001). In SG, biting was significantly overrepresented when 0 or 1 pigs were at the feeder (r = 9.70, 9.34). Pigs in LG exhibited a similar trend, with tail-biting overrepresented when 0, 1, 2, or 3 pigs were at the feeder (r = 3.0, 2.04, 6.35, 7.62). These results indicate that tail-biting occurred more frequently when victimized pigs were lying sternally in the middle of the pen during the morning and late afternoon, particularly when most feeder spaces were unoccupied. Further research is needed to validate these findings for the development of management strategies to minimize tail-biting and improve pig welfare.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"157 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSII-11 Selection signatures in a Rarámuri Criollo cattle population introduced to the Southwestern United States.","authors":"Maximiliano J Spetter, Santiago A Utsumi, Eileen M Armstrong, Felipe A Rodríguez Almeida, Pablo J Ross, Lara Macon, Eugenio Jara, Andrew Cox, Andres R Perea, Micah Funk, Matthew Redd, Andres F Cibils, Sheri A Spiegal, Rick E Estell","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf300.396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf300.396","url":null,"abstract":"Rarámuri Criollo (RC) is a heritage cattle biotype introduced to the U.S. Southwest from the Sierra Madre region of the Copper Canyon of Chihuahua, Mexico. These cattle have been raised by the Tarahumara communities for approximately five centuries with minimal artificial selection or crossbreeding. Research conducted at the USDA-ARS Jornada Experimental Range (JER) in the Chihuahuan Desert has demonstrated the phenotypic plasticity and adaptation of RC cattle to the harsh ecological and climatic conditions of southwestern rangelands. Additionally, genomic studies have shown that the RC cattle constitute a distinct genetic pool within the Criollo cattle biotypes. The objective of this study was to further characterize the genetic diversity of the RC biotype by identifying selection signatures potentially associated with valuable adaptation and performance traits. Ear tissue samples were collected from 152 animals and genotyped using a ~64K SNP Chip (Genetic Visions-STTM). Genotype quality control and relatedness test were conducted using PLINK v2.0, resulting in the retention of 53,752 SNPs and 90 animals. Selection signatures were identified using three methods: Tajima’s D statistics, Runs of Homozygosity, and integrated Haplotype Score. Only SNPs identified by at least two methods were considered under positive selection. Candidate regions were defined as those located within ± 250 kb of each candidate SNP. Genes were annotated using the BovineMine Database v1.6, with coordinates based on the ARS-UCD1.2 genome assembly. Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) annotation and enrichment analysis were performed using the R package GALLO v1.1, with annotations derived from the Animal Genome cattle QTL database. In total, 42 SNPs spanning 7 chromosomes (1, 2, 6, 7, 13, 18, and 22) were detected. Gene annotation identified 89 candidate genes associated with a wide range of traits, including milk yield and composition, growth, meat and carcass, reproduction, metabolic homeostasis, health, and coat color. A total of 517 QTL were annotated within the candidate regions. The two most frequent QTL types were associated with ‘milk’ and ‘meat and carcass’, while ‘reproduction’, ‘production’, ‘exterior (morphology)’ and ‘health’ were less frequently identified. Enrichment analysis revealed that the most significantly enriched traits included tenderness score, shear force, milk casein content, milk mineral content, and birth index, among others. These findings should be further supported by additional genome-wide association studies, transcriptome profiling, fine mapping, and other analyses. The identification of selection signatures in RC cattle support the adaptation of these cattle to the harsh climatic and nutritional conditions of the southwestern US while retaining desirable levels of production, reproductive and maternal attributes.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"362 Late-Breaking: Use of wheat straw and oilseed fines in diets for gestating beef cows.","authors":"Kylie Grimes, Kathy A Larson, Herbert A Lardner, Gabriel O Ribeiro Junior, Gregory B Penner","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf300.343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf300.343","url":null,"abstract":"Incorporating byproducts and crop residues such as oilseed fines and wheat straw into beef rations could improve sustainability, mitigate feed shortages during droughts, and reduce costs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding a wheat-straw based diet with high- or low-fat oilseed fines [added to achieve 6% fat on diet dry atter (DM) basis] on dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), body condition score (BCS), rib fat, and rump fat of beef cows during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of gestation. Seventy-two pregnant crossbred beef cows were selected and stratified by BW, BCS, age, parity, and days pregnant and randomly allocated to 12 pens (6 cows/pen). Each pen was randomly assigned to a diet treatment (4 replicates/ treatment). The experiment was set up as a completely randomized design and lasted 126 d. The diet treatments were: 1) a control diet with barley silage and hay; 2) a diet of wheat straw with low-fat (8.24%) oilseed fines; and 3) a diet of wheat straw with high-fat (19.27%) oilseed fines. All diets were formulated to be isoenergetic (~60% TDN) and the diets with fines both contained 6% ether extract. Statistical analysis was conducted using the MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc.) with dietary treatment included as a fixed effect. Repeated measures were used for BCS, and rib and rump fat measurements. Differences among treatment means were separated using Tukey’s test and were declared significant when P≤0.05. There were no differences among treatments for initial BW (665 kg; P = 0.83), final BW (805 kg; P= 0.48), or ADG (1.10 kg/d; P= 0.41). Cows fed high-fat oilseed fines had lower (P <0.01) DMI as a % of BW than cows fed the control and low-fat oilseed fines treatments. However, DMI expressed in kg/d was lower for cows fed either the high-fat or low-fat oilseed fines treatments (P<0.01) when compared to the control diet. There were no differences among treatments for BCS, rib fat, and rump fat; however, these increased (P<0.01) for all cows from d 1 to 63 to 126. In conclusion, wheat straw diets that include high- or low-fat oilseed fines promoted similar BW change as cows fed a barley silage and grass-hay control diet but consumed less feed likely due to the greater concentrations of dietary fat.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"158 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSIV-27 Genomic prediction of novel profitability traits in feedlot under different approaches in Nelore cattle.","authors":"Leticia Pereira, Cláudio Ulhoa Magnabosco, Eduardo Eifert, Minos Carvalho, Tiago Albertini, Guilherme J M Rosa, Fernando S Baldi","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf300.406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf300.406","url":null,"abstract":"Several economic traits used in genetic improvement programs have helped increase production, but most are evaluated in pre- and post-weaning periods. After the yearling period, few traits are measured directly in the animal, with some only being indicators in the finishing phase, leaving a gap in information and responses to be explored from a bioeconomic point of view. The incorporation of new characteristics in the finishing phase to identify more efficient animals is of great importance since this phase represents the peak of the animal’s productive potential. Therefore, the aim was to assess the accuracy, bias, and dispersion of genomic predictions accumulated profitability (AFP) and profit per kilogram of liveweight gain (PFT) in Nelore cattle using different prediction approaches. The data set consisted of 3,969 phenotypic records for each trait. The pedigree harbored information from 38,930 animals born between 1998 and 2016, 2,691 sires, and 19,884 dams. A total of 2,449 animals were genotyped with the Clarifide® Nelore 3.0 SNP panel. Nine models for genomic prediction were evaluated: a linear animal model was applied to estimate the genetic parameters and to perform the genomic single-trait best linear unbiased prediction (ST_ss - default), bi-trait ssGBLUP (TT_CAR, TT_W450, and TT_DMI), and multi-trait ssGBLUP (MT_ss), and finally, two models using the weighted linear (ST_sswl1 and ST_sswl2) and nonlinear (ST_sswnl1 and ST_sswnl2) single-step genomic approach (WssGBLUP) were implemented to predict genomic breeding values (GEBV). The ability to predict future performance was calculated as the correlation between GEBV and adjusted phenotypes. The average prediction accuracy of the GEBV of the models ranged from 0.345 to 0.665 for PFT and from 0.425 to 0.603 for APF. The predictive capability of the MT_ss model (0.665) was significantly higher than that of the other models for PFT, except for the TT_CAR model (0.604), which also showed improvements in predictive capacity. For APF, the MT_ss (0.561) and TT_W450 (0.556) models demonstrated improvements in genomic prediction accuracy compared to the other models. In general, the single trait ssGBLUP (ST_ss – default) models and the nonlinear weighting did not increase the accuracy of predictions for both traits. For the phenotypic prediction ability of PFT, the linear WssGBLUP models ST_sswl1 (0.65) and ST_sswl2 (0.70), TT_W450 W450 (0.64), and ssGBLUP-M (0.66) demonstrated the highest prediction abilities. Similar results were observed for the phenotypic prediction ability of AFP for both models. However, the linear WssGBLUP model ST_sswl1 (0.84) and ST_sswl2 (0.94) provided higher prediction compared to the bi-trait and multi-trait models. The results indicate that the multi-trait model achieved better predictive ability for the new traits of PFT and APF. Multi-trait genomic selection may provide greater genetic gains than other models for these new economically important traits in breedin","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}