Journal of animal science最新文献

{"title":"Genotype-by-environment interaction for yearling weight of Nellore cattle in pasture and feedlot conditions using a “double” genomic reaction norm model","authors":"Mário L Santana, Annaiza B Bignardi, Gustavo R D Rodrigues, Joslaine N S G Cyrillo, Luiz F Brito, Maria E Z Mercadante","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf169","url":null,"abstract":"In many tropical climate countries, beef cattle are typically raised in extensive pasture-based systems and exposed to harsh environmental conditions. A portion of these animals is then confined for 3 to 4 months prior to slaughter. Thus, the main objectives of this study were to estimate variance components and genetic parameters to assess the level of genotype-by-environment interactions (G×E) in Nellore cattle raised on pasture until weaning and finished in feedlot conditions, evaluate genetic trends, and perform a genome-wide association study to identify genomic regions associated with the animals' responses to different production environments. We analyzed the body weight measured at approximately 378 days of age (W378) of 5,070 Nellore males from an experimental herd. The heritability estimates for W378 varied considerably between pasture and feedlot environments (0.33 ± 0.05 to 0.62 ± 0.05), indicating potential differential responses to selection across environments. Overall, the genetic correlation estimates for W378 across environments were high (>0.80) but reached values around 0.60 between certain levels of pasture and feedlot environments (e.g., ‘good’ pasture vs. ‘poor’ feedlot and vice versa). Reaction norms for sires and SNP highlighted the existence of G×E, showing divergent genetic responses to pasture and feedlot conditions. Genetic trends revealed a gradual improvement in feedlot environments at the cost of reduced performance in optimal pasture conditions, indicating a moderate genetic antagonism. Genomic regions explaining significant percentage (1 to 11%) of the total additive genetic variance for responses to pasture and feedlot were identified, with distinct loci contributing to the genetic architecture of W378 in each environment. Therefore, G×E between pasture and feedlot environments should be considered in breeding programs. The genomic regions identified provide potential targets for further exploration to enhance beef cattle performance across production system conditions.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic correlations between enteric methane and traits of economic importance in a beef finishing system","authors":"Clodagh V Ryan, Thierry Pabiou, Deirdre C Purfield, David N Kelly, Craig P Murphy, Ross D Evans","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf162","url":null,"abstract":"With the pressing global challenge of climate change, the potential to breed cattle that produce less lifetime methane offers a transformative solution that is both sustainable and impactful. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic correlations between enteric methane emissions and economically important traits included in the current Terminal Index used to breed animals for meat in Ireland. This Terminal Index is typical of terminal-type indexes used globally, constituting traits associated with calving performance, carcass merit, and efficiency traits such as feed intake and age at finish, as well as some ancillary traits such as docility. Methane and carbon dioxide flux measurements recorded from 2018 to 2024 using ten GreenFeed Emission Monitoring systems in a progeny performance test centre on 1,835 beef animals and a more expansive dataset from commercial farmers with phenotypic performance data on calving performance, carcass quality, and efficiency traits were available on up to 402,039 animals for analyses. Five trait definitions for methane and carbon dioxide emissions were derived: individual spot measures, 1-day, 5-day, and 10-day averages of spot measures, and a full test average per animal, where all emission measurements were averaged across the test period. (Co)variance components between all trait definitions and phenotypic performance traits were estimated using animal linear mixed models. Methane emissions were strongly correlated with feed intake ranging from 0.49 (SE = 0.119) to 0.76 (SE = 0.057) and carcass weight ranging from 0.44 (SE = 0.050) to 0.50 (SE = 0.060) across trait definitions, suggesting that selection for reduced methane emissions could adversely impact growth and performance. An antagonistic correlation was found between methane and age at finish ranging -0.27 (SE = 0.063) to -0.18 (SE =0.084), which suggests that animals who have an earlier finishing age produce more methane per day. Carcass conformation was positively weakly correlated with methane (0.09 to 0.12), thus suggesting there is a potential to select for improved carcass conformation with minimal impact on enteric methane emissions. Overall, these findings emphasize the need for breeding strategies that capture the trade-offs between reducing methane emissions and preserving economically valuable traits such as feed intake, carcass weight, and conformation in beef finishing systems.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143940513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computer vision analysis of luteal color Doppler ultrasonography for early and automated pregnancy diagnosis in Bos taurus beef cows","authors":"L M Goncalves, P L P Fontes, A A C Alves","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf166","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the suitability of applying supervised deep learning (DL) algorithms for early and real-time pregnancy diagnosis in beef cattle using luteal color Doppler (CD) ultrasonography recorded on days 20 (D20) and 22 (D22) after fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI). CD ultrasound videos from 390 females were manually evaluated by trained personnel to perform the human-based pregnancy diagnosis (Human). Images were extracted at a rate of 5 frames per second from each video, resulting in 10,533 (D20) and 10,413 (D22) valid frames after applying a frame-filtering pipeline. Three convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures—VGG19, Xception, and ResNet50—along with their averaged inference (Combined), were evaluated using restricted five-fold cross-validation, ensuring that images from the same animal did not appear in both training and validation sets. Final inferences for each animal were determined by averaging the network outputs across all video frames. Pregnancy status was confirmed on day 29 using conventional ultrasonography and treated as ground truth for assessing both Human and DL-based predictions. Accuracy levels were similar across methods, ranging from 0.84 (VGG19) to 0.87 (Human) for D20 and from 0.86 (VGG19) to 0.93 (Human) for D22. Based on Matthew’s correlation coefficient, the Combined and Xception architectures demonstrated the best overall agreement with true pregnancy status among DL models. These architectures performed comparably to human diagnosis, with the Combined model achieving similar F1 scores (0.89 vs. 0.91), higher specificity (0.72 vs. 0.65), and slightly lower sensitivity (0.95 vs. 1.00) on D20. Xception showed similar performance to human diagnosis on D22, with comparable accuracy (0.91 vs. 0.93), specificity (0.79 vs. 0.81), sensitivity (0.99 vs. 1.00), and F1 score (0.93 vs. 0.94). In conclusion, DL algorithms can effectively predict pregnancy status using CD ultrasonography earlier than industry-standard methods, with performance comparable to that of trained personnel.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143940155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late gestational nutrient restriction decreases placental size and calf birth weight without altering uterine blood flow in primiparous beef females","authors":"Colby A Redifer, Abigail R Rathert-Williams, Allison M Meyer","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf163","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate impacts of late gestational nutrient restriction in first-parity beef females on prenatal nutrient availability to calves, fall-calving heifers [body weight (BW): 472 ± 33 (SD) kg; body condition score (BCS): 5.4 ± 0.5] were individually-fed 100% (control; CON; n = 13) or 70% (nutrient restricted; NR; n = 13) of metabolizable energy and metabolizable protein requirements for maintenance, pregnancy, and growth from day 160 of gestation to calving. Maternal measures were determined every 21 d (BW and metabolites) or 42 d (BCS, backfat, and longissimus muscle area) during gestation and post-calving. Doppler ultrasonography of both uterine arteries was conducted every 21 d until day 244 of gestation. At birth, calf BW and size were measured, and expelled placentas were dissected and dried. Targeted messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression was determined for cotyledons. Data were analyzed with nutritional plane, treatment initiation date, heifer’s sire, and calf sex (when P < 0.25) as fixed effects. Metabolites and uterine blood flow included day and nutritional plane × day as repeated measures. Circulating glucose was less (P = 0.05) for NR dams than CON. Circulating urea N and triglycerides were less (P ≤ 0.05), but non-esterified fatty acids were greater (P ≤ 0.05), for NR at most timepoints after treatment initiation. Post-calving, NR dams were 62.1 kg and 2.1 BCS less (P < 0.01) than CON. Moreover, NR had less (P < 0.01) backfat and longissimus muscle area, but similar (P = 0.72) shoulder height compared with CON. Heart rate was less (P < 0.01) for NR dams than CON after treatment initiation. Nutritional plane did not affect (P ≥ 0.15) ipsilateral, contralateral, or total uterine artery blood flow. Number of cotyledons was greater (P = 0.03), average cotyledon weight was less (P = 0.04), and total placental weight tended to be less (P = 0.10) for NR than CON. Cotyledonary relative mRNA expression of GLUT1 was greater (P = 0.04) and SNAT2 tended to be greater (P = 0.07) for NR, but other nutrient transporters, angiogenic factors, and PAG2 were not affected (P ≥ 0.13). Calves born to NR dams weighed 14.4% (P = 0.03) less at birth and had smaller (P ≤ 0.03) heart girth and volume than CON. Despite catabolizing maternal tissue stores, beef heifers experiencing late gestational nutrient restriction had altered circulating metabolites and smaller placentas, independent of a reduction in uterine blood flow, which compromised fetal growth.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143940158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stage of pregnancy impacts the bacterial communities of reproductive and placental tissues in gilts","authors":"Kyle J Hickman-Brown, Dallas R Soffa, Molly S Smith, Brooke E McAnally, Fuller W Bazer, Greg A Johnson, , Jeffrey G Wiegert, Rebecca K Poole","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf159","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial communities within the female reproductive tract have previously been linked to fertility status in mammals, however, minimal research has focused on reproductive microbiota in swine. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to compare and analyze the composition and α- and β-diversity of bacterial populations of different reproductive tissues (i.e., vagina, cervix, endometrium, and chorion) and placental fluids (i.e., allantoic and amniotic) in cyclic or pregnant gilts throughout gestation. Crossbred gilts free of physical, health or reproductive-related issues were euthanized, hysterectomized, and sampled during diestrus (n = 5; cyclic) or on day 11 (n = 11; peri-implantation), 15 (n = 10; implantation), 60 (n = 6; mid-gestation) or 90 (n = 6; late-gestation) of pregnancy. A sterile swab was rotated 8 times to collect samples from the mucosal surface of individual tissues and immediately placed in microcentrifuge tubes for storage (-80°C) until sequencing. For allantoic and amniotic fluids, 5 mL samples were collected and placed immediately in a sterile 10 mL conical tube and stored (-80°C) for subsequent analyses. Bacterial DNA was extracted and genome sequencing targeting the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene was conducted. The relative abundance of Fusobacterium was more abundant (P < 0.05) in the vagina compared to all tissues and fluids across all days except in day 90 gilts, while the relative abundance of Lactobacillus was more abundant in allantoic fluid than the endometrium at day 60 (P < 0.05). Alpha-diversity (Shannon’s and Simpson’s index) was lower in amniotic fluid compared to other tissues (P < 0.05), but there were no differences in α-diversity by day of pregnancy or between cyclic and pregnant gilts (P > 0.05). Beta-diversity revealed distinct clustering by tissue type, with posterior tissues such as the vagina clustering separately from placental fluids, and by day, with cyclic, day 11, and 15 samples clustering separately from day 60 and 90 samples (P < 0.01). These findings suggest that bacterial communities within the reproductive tract are dynamic and vary by both anatomical location and stage of pregnancy in gilts.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143920185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of endoplasmic reticulum stress on bone and cartilage growth via endochondral ossification in broilers.","authors":"Yaling Yu,Yanyan Zhang,Yixin Jiang,Hongfan Ge,Chengbo Yang,Zhenlei Zhou","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf147","url":null,"abstract":"Broilers in modern farming systems gain significant body weight, resulting in leg disorders in broilers. Long bones in the limbs extend after birth through endochondral ossification (EO), a process where bone replaces cartilage in pre-formed templates, making it essential for bone and cartilage development. The endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) pathway has been implicated in bone development and key steps of EO, but the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, broilers were reared on wire flooring to induce persistent footing instability and physiological stress. Salubrinal (SAL), an ERS inhibitor, was administrated to explore its effects on bone disorders. Parameters such as weight, length, bone mineral density and strength were measured to assess bone and cartilage integrity in broilers. And staining and gene expression detection were performed to explore the effects of ERS on EO. The results indicated that broilers raised on wire flooring had an increased incidence of severe gait defects and bone disorders, especially femoral head necrosis. Meanwhile, broilers on wire flooring had increased chondrocyte hypertrophy and apoptosis, vascularity and trabecularity, along with impaired cartilage and disrupted bone remodeling, all of which are key activators of EO. And SAL treatment could inhibit EO by reducing chondrocyte apoptosis, vascular invasion and bone resorption in broilers on wire flooring. Overall, this study highlights the negative effects of wire flooring on bone and cartilage, which are closely related to the occurrence of bone disease. Additionally, it suggests that blocking ERS may protect broilers from poor flooring conditions by regulating EO.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143915239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rein Tension And Heart Rate Variability In Horses: An Experiment On Experience.","authors":"Alice Galotti,Marie Eisersiö,Jenny Yngvesson,Antonio Lanatà,Veronica Maglieri,Elisabetta Palagi,Paolo Baragli","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf146","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on stress and emotions are fundamental to assessing welfare in wild and domestic animals. In this study, we experimentally investigated how different levels of rein tension affect autonomic nervous system activation and heart rate variability (HRV) in horses. We hypothesized that increased rein tension, through a learning process, would elevate sympathetic nervous system activity and HRV, and that adult horses would be less affected by stimulus administration (EXP) than young horses due to their experience. The magnitude of rein tension significantly altered the sympatho-vagal balance in horses. Both the type of equipment (bit versus halter) and the age of the horses influenced their responses. HRV frequency domain analysis showed a significant shift in sympatho-vagal balance during EXP, with values returning to baseline during the recovery period (R) (p<0.001). Notably, during EXP, the observed increase in LF power alongside a decrease in HF power suggests a shift toward sympathetic dominance and a reduction in vagal modulation. Interestingly, the maximum rein tension did not affect the parameters used to measure these activities, suggesting the tension levels were within an acceptable range for the horses. The balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activities improved in R with the low-frequency/high-frequency power ratio decreasing by 49.4% from EXP to the baseline condition (B) and by 37.5% from B to R, indicating stress release and increased vagal activity (p=0.002). During EXP, we recorded an elevated heart rate, indicating heightened arousal, particularly in young horses (p=0.005) and when using a bridle with a bit (p=0.024). Our findings suggest that rein tension can induce mild stress, potentially enhancing the learning process. A better understanding of these effects could improve training practices for equids welfare.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143915134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectral Sensing for Forage Nutritive Value Determination of Cool Season, Grass Pastures During the Grazing Season","authors":"Ryan K Wright, Riley K Thompson, Chun-Peng James Chen, Robin R White","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf151","url":null,"abstract":"Management surveys suggest that few cow-calf producers in the Southeastern U.S. submit forage samples for laboratory analysis due to time and labor constraints. Although tools like near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) have helped reduce costs associated with nutritive value determination in stored feeds, their performance for pasture analysis has been limited. Our objective was to explore the efficacy of spectral sensing in predicting the dry matter (DM), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and crude protein (CP) of fresh forages during the growing season. Weekly from May through October, two random samples were collected from each of 12 fields. Spectral readings were taken above canopy level in-field and again in-lab, followed by bench chemistry analyses of DM, ADF, NDF, and CP. Chemistry results and spectral readings were aligned by field, sample, and date. The 18 individual light spectra and lidar-measured distance were used as features in a random forest regression fit to predict each nutrient and separate models were developed for in-field and in-lab spectral readings. Data were randomly split for hyperparameter tuning (15%), model training (55%), and independent evaluation (30%). The root mean squared prediction error (RMSPE), calculated on the independent evaluation data, was used to explore the viability of this system to predict forage nutritive value. The in-field and in-lab models performed similarly for each forage nutritive value. To evaluate the prediction capability of the system under various atmospheric conditions, cloud cover was added as a feature in each in-field regression. The RMSPE of DM, ADF, NDF, and CP with cloud cover were 21.8%, 9.88%, 10.1%, and 21.9%, respectively. These models were also evaluated on new, unseen data from nine subplots and used to explore the implications of the prediction errors. The NASEM (2018) Beef Cattle Nutrient Requirements model was used to simulate diet nutritional adequacy using forage nutritive value estimated from the spectral sensor compared with forage nutritive value measured by bench chemistry. These forage nutritive value estimation methods resulted in a 4.48% and 3.03% difference in metabolizable energy (ME) and metabolizable protein (MP) allowable gain, respectively. Considerable future data collection and model refinement efforts are necessary to determine the value of the spectral sensing system in supporting low-cost, in-field nutritive value monitoring.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143910276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the residual feed intake on carcass and meat quality traits of Nellore bulls: A biochemical and molecular approach","authors":"Daniela A Vesga, Rafaela C Rodrigues, Christina R Ferreira, Juliana A, Torrecilhas, Pedro Henrique V Carvalho, Gregori Rovadoski, Marcelo A S Coutinho, Guilherme L Pereira, Rodrigo N S Torres, Otávio R Machado Neto, Luis Artur L Chardulo, Welder A Baldassini","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf148","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to compare dry matter intake (DMI), feed efficiency, carcass traits, and meat quality between feedlot Bos indicus cattle with divergent residual feed intake (RFI). Ninety-six Nellore bulls (initial body weight 362.45 ± 25.6 kg, aged 24-26 months) underwent a 70-d feed efficiency test in a group-pen system equipped with individual feed intake and weight gain monitoring. After classification into low (efficient) and high (inefficient) RFI groups (-0.54 vs. 0.59 kg/d, respectively), the animals were slaughtered at a final body weight of 520 ± 31 kg after 120 days of feeding. Differences (P &amp;lt; 0.05) were observed between low and high RFI groups for DMI (9.14 vs. 10.42 kg/d; P &amp;lt; 0.05), and feed conversion (6.06 vs. 6.74 kg/kg; P &amp;lt; 0.05), and RFI (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Carcass traits differed (P &amp;lt; 0.05) between low versus high RFI experimental groups (dressing percentage [DP]: 54.44 vs. 53.23 %; P &amp;lt; 0.05 and backfat thickness [BFT]: 4.75 vs. 5.61 mm; P &amp;lt; 0.05), with a tendency towards greater ribeye area (REA) in the low RFI group (86.05 vs. 82.91 cm²; P = 0.07). Less intramuscular fat content (IMF = 1.43 vs. 1.75 %; P &amp;lt; 0.05) and myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI = 27.04 vs. 32.15 at 5 days of aging; and 53.01 vs. 68.3; P &amp;lt; 0.01 at 15 days of aging) were reported in low RFI cattle, while other parameters such as pH, color (L*, a*, b*), water-holding capacity, cooking loss, shear force (WBSF), or lipid oxidation did not differ (P &amp;gt; 0.05) between RFI groups. After 15 days of aging, there was an increase in L* (P &amp;lt; 0.01) and a decrease in pH, a*, b*, and WBSF (P &amp;lt; 0.01) regardless of RFI group. Sensory analysis revealed smaller scores (P &amp;lt; 0.05) for juiciness (55.3 vs. 58.91) and overall acceptability (58.3 vs. 63.6) in low RFI cattle. Lipidomic analysis identified a difference in 60 lipid species (P &amp;lt; 0.05) between groups, including diacylglycerols, free fatty acids, phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, sphingomyelins, and triacylglycerols. Nellore bulls with low RFI had leaner carcasses with less backfat and tended to have larger ribeye areas. Their meat contained less intramuscular fat and more drip loss, which negatively impacted sensory quality as perceived by consumers. This study is the first to characterize the lipidome of beef cattle with divergent RFI, revealing lipid classes linked to mitochondrial function and lipid storage, which may help explain differences in feed efficiency, carcass, and meat quality traits.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143910279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary resveratrol improves semen quality by promoting mitochondrial function related genes expression in aging boars.","authors":"Jing Lv, Wentao Zhang, Ruizhi Hu, Xizi Yang, Jiatai Gong, Siqi Ma, Hongkun Xiang, Xupeng Yuan, Hongfu Zhang, Xi He, Jianhua He, Rejun Fang, Shusong Wu","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Boar semen quality is a significant factor affecting reproductive efficiency in modern farms, and resveratrol (RES) has the potential to reduce mouse sperm mortality in our previous studies. Here, we found that dietary supplementation of RES (500 mg/kg) delayed the decline in semen quality by increasing sperm motility and survivability in aging boars (P < 0.01, n = 6) by a 12-week trial. RES increased the testosterone level and total antioxidant capacity (P < 0.01), while decreasing the cortisol (P < 0.05) and malondialdehyde (MDA, P < 0.01) in serum. Immunofluorescence assay and electron microscope scanning revealed that RES reduced the levels of ROS, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHDG), and MDA (P < 0.01) to alleviate oxidative damage in semen. Analysis of mitochondrial function-related genes indicated that RES improved mitochondrial structural integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) (P < 0.01) by increasing the mRNA expression of PGC-1α, TFB1M, and TFB2M (P < 0.01). These results demonstrated that RES can enhance semen quality and antioxidant capacity potentially through improving sperm mitochondrial function in aging boars.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144005734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}