Journal of animal science最新文献

{"title":"PSVI-17 Effects of maternal nutrition during gestation on second parity F2 offspring growth and organ weights","authors":"Cheyenne S Summers, Amanda S Reiter, Nicole M Tillquist, Nicholas M Barnello, Santhi Priya Voggu, Rachel E Carter, Mia Y Kawaida, Kristen E Govoni, Steven A Zinn, Sarah A Reed","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.599","url":null,"abstract":"Maternal diet influences offspring growth, but the impact of granddam diet on subsequent generations is less explored. We hypothesized that granddam diet would influence second parity F2 offspring growth. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of granddam diet on second parity F2 offspring growth, morphometric measurements, and organ weights. To determine the impact of poor maternal nutrition of F0 dams on second parity offspring of F1 ewes, multiparous Dorset ewes (F0, n = 46) were fed 100% (control), 60% (restricted), or 140% (over) of NRC requirements from d 30 of gestation until parturition. The F1 ewes (n = 37) were bred at 16 to 19 mo of age to one of two related Dorset rams to generate the first parity F2 generation. The following breeding season, F1 ewes (n = 30) were bred to the same rams to generate the second parity F2 generation offspring (n = 58; F2-2), which were identified as CON F2-2 (n = 6 ewes, 12 rams), RES F2-2 (n = 6 ewes, 12 rams), or OVER F2-2 (n = 9 ewes, 13 rams) corresponding to the diets of the F0 granddams. F2-2 offspring body weights (BW) were recorded weekly from birth (d 0) to d 28, every 14 d until d 126, and every 28 d until d 266 of age. Hip height (HH), crown rump length (CRL), heart girth (HG), and body condition score (BCS) were measured at d 0 and d 120 of age. Rams were necropsied at d 284 ± 0.23. Data were analyzed with R Studio with P ≤ 0.05 considered significant and 0.05 < P ≤ 0.10 considered a tendency. Granddam diet and offspring sex were included in the model with animal ID as a random effect where appropriate. On d 210 and d 238, CON F2-2 tended to weigh 6.8% and 6.3% less, respectively, than OVER F2-2 (P = 0.07) but were not different than RES F2-2 at d 210 (P = 0.55) or d 238 (P = 0.15). We did not detect an effect of granddam diet on HH (P = 0.28), CRL (P = 0.31), or HG (P = 0.62) at birth. At d 120, ewes had 3.1% shorter CRL (P = 0.07) and weighed 9.4% less (P = 0.003) than rams. Immediately before necropsy, CON F2-2 rams tended to have 5.9% less BCS compared with RES F2-2 rams (P = 0.07) and 5.6% less BCS than OVER F2-2 rams (P = 0.10). At necropsy, granddam diet did not influence organ weight. Overfed and restricted granddam diet may increase BW and BCS of second parity, second generation offspring, which provides evidence that maternal diet has multigenerational effects on offspring.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142231420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"442 Effects of added 25(OH)D3 with varying standardized total tract digestible phosphorus levels on nursery pig performance, bone and urine characteristics, and serum vitamin D","authors":"Larissa L Becker, Jordan T Gebhardt, Mike D Tokach, Robert D Goodband, Joel M DeRouchey, Jason C Woodworth, Jon R Bergstrom","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.296","url":null,"abstract":"Pigs [n = 360; DNA 600×241; initial body weight (BW) = 5.8 ± 0.54 kg] were used in a 45-d study to evaluate effects of added 25(OH)D3 with three levels of standardized total tract digestible (STTD) P on nursery pig growth performance, bone and urine characteristics, and serum vitamin D status. Pigs were weaned at approximately 19 d of age and randomly allotted to 6 treatments with 5 pigs/pen and 12 replications/treatment. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial with main effects of 25(OH)D3 (0 or 50 µg/kg equivalent to 2,000 IU/kg of vitamin D3; Hy-D, dsm-firmenich, Plainsboro, NJ) and STTD P (70, 100, or 130% of the NRC (2012) requirement on a dietary percentage basis). Diets were corn-soybean meal-based and fed in 3 phases. On d 45, 1 pig/pen was euthanized to collect right fibula, metacarpal, and 2nd and 10th ribs. Overall, increasing STTD P increased (quadratic, P < 0.003) BW, ADG, ADFI, and G/F with minimal improvement above 100% of NRC STTD P requirement. Added 25(OH)D3 had no effect on growth performance (P > 0.10). Pigs fed increasing STTD P had decreased urinary Ca concentration (linear, P < 0.001 and quadratic, P = 0.078) and increased urinary P concentration (quadratic, P < 0.001), with all pigs fed 70% of NRC STTD P requirement having non-detectable levels of urinary P. Added 25(OH)D3 had no effect on urinary Ca and P concentration (P > 0.10). A quadratic 25(OH)D3×STTD P interaction (P = 0.032) was observed for serum 25(OH)D3. When pigs were fed 25(OH)D3, serum 25(OH)D3 increased as STTD P increased (quadratic, P = 0.005) but no differences were observed when no 25(OH)D3 was added and STTD P increased. A quadratic 25(OH)D3×STTD P interaction was observed for serum 1,25(OH)2D3 concentrations (P = 0.002). When pigs were fed 25(OH)D3, serum 1,25(OH)2D3 decreased (quadratic, P < 0.001) as STTD P increased but the decrease was not significant when no 25(OH)D3 was fed. Added 25(OH)D3 had no effect (P > 0.10) on serum 1,25(OH)2D3, but concentrations decreased (quadratic, P = 0.001) as STTD P increased. No added 25(OH)D3×STTD P interaction was observed for 24,25(OH)2D3. Serum 24,25(OH)2D3 increased (P < 0.001) with added 25(OH)D3. Metacarpal bone density increased (linear, P = 0.001) as STTD P increased, as did fibulas and ribs (quadratic, P ≤ 0.055). Percentage bone ash and bone ash weight increased (quadratic, P ≤ 0.065) for all bones as STTD P increased. Added 25(OH)D3 had no effect on bone density or bone ash weight for any bones (P > 0.10); however, the reduction in bone ash observed with reducing STTD P level tended to be less when 25(OH)D3 was provided (linear interaction, P = 0.098). In summary, added 25(OH)D3 had limited effect on growth performance, urine parameters, or bone characteristics; however, added 25(OH)D3 increased serum concentrations of 25(OH)D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3. Increasing STTD P to 100% of NRC requirement estimate increased growth and 130% of ","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142231530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"427 Impact of late gestation slow-release nitrogen-enriched diets on energy metabolism in calf skeletal muscle: A proteomic and transcriptomic approach","authors":"Mateus P Gionbelli, Thais C Costa, Diana C Cediel-Devia, Karolina B Nascimento, Tathyane R S Gionbelli, Marcio S Duarte","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.237","url":null,"abstract":"The current study aimed to determine the enriched biological processes, through proteomic and transcriptomic data, associated with maternal slow-release nitrogen diets received during late gestation and their effects on the skeletal muscle of offspring. From d 180 to d 268 of gestation, a total of 16 pregnant Brahman cows were divided into two groups: a control (CON, n = 12) low crude protein (CP) basal diet (6% of CP, ad libitum) plus mineral mixture (130 gּ cow-1ּ d-1), or the CON treatment supplemented with a slow-released N (SRN, n = 9) based protein concentrate supplement [40% CP, fed 2 g/kg of body weight (BW)/d in the morning) composed by corn, soybean meal, urea and a SRN source (Timafeed Boost, Roullier Group, Saint-Malo, France). Muscle biopsies were performed on d 45 of age in calves for RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and proteomic (HPLC-MS/MS) analyses. The quality control of RNAseq raw data was assessed using FASTQc software, with low-quality reads trimmed by Trimmomatic. Reads were mapped against the Bos taurus reference genome using STAR. Differentially expressed (DE) genes and isoforms, significant at an adjusted P-value ≤ 0.05, were identified using the limma package and Cuffdiff tool, respectively, in the R environment. Proteomic data was processed in MaxQuant against the Bos taurus reference proteome, with statistical analysis performed using the MSqRob package in R. Network analyses identified significant biological processes (adjusted P-value ≤ 0.05) among differentially abundant proteins (DAPs). Notably, while the experimental treatment did not affect transcript abundance, protein-level differences were observed. Enriched biological processes in SRN group skeletal muscle of calves included acetyl-CoA biosynthesis from pyruvate, mitochondrial respiratory chain complex assembly, regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport, and several others related to energy and nitrogen metabolism. Protein-protein interaction network analyses revealed key processes such as ATP and glucose metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and sarcomere organization. Overall, our findings underscore the beneficial impact of slow-release nitrogen-enriched diets during late gestation on energy metabolism in calf skeletal muscle.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142231568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"95 Temporal patterns of enteric gas production from cattle in response to ruminal infusions of synthetic bromoform","authors":"Wouter Muizelaar, Kelly Nichols, Hassan Z Taweel, Harmen van Laar, Jan Dijkstra, Javier Martín-Tereso","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.373","url":null,"abstract":"This dataset describes the temporal patterns of enteric gas production from cattle in response to ruminal infusions of synthetic bromoform (CHBr3). Four non-lactating, non-pregnant, rumen-fistulated Holstein-Friesian cows (12 yr of age, 781 ± 33 kg body weight) were infused via the rumen fistula with 592 mg CHBr3/d in an aqueous solution for 14 d. The daily dose was divided into 3 equal portions and infused every 8 h over a 24-h period (0545, 1345, and 2145 h). The 7 d following the infusion period served as a recovery period to describe the dynamics of enteric gas production after cessation of infusion. The Greenfeed system was used for enteric gas measurements. Animals had ad libitum access to grass hay and were supplemented with concentrate through the Greenfeed system for the infusion and recovery periods and for the 14-d adaptation period before the infusions. A two-way ANOVA was performed with phase (pre- and post-infusion) as fixed effect and animal as random effect to assess average differences. Preliminary results show a decrease in methane (CH4) production from on average 371 g/d before the infusions to 5 g/d after 14 d of infusions (P < 0.01). Hydrogen (H2) production increased from on average 0.6 g/d before the infusions to 9.0 g/d after 14 d of infusions (P < 0.01). Dry matter intake (DMI) decreased to on average 12.8 kg/d after 14 d of infusions compared with 16.9 kg/d before the infusions (P < 0.01). A four-parameter logistic model was fitted for the response of CH4 (CH4-inf) and H2 (H2-inf) production in the 14 d after the first infusion, and separately for the response of CH4 (CH4-rec) and H2 (H2-rec) production in the 7 d after the last infusion (Table 1). Preliminary results indicate a 95% decrease in CH4-inf from the A-asymptote (small values of x) is reached after approximately 63 h, and a 95% increase in H2-inf from the B-asymptote (large values of x) is reached after approximately 49 h. After the last infusion, the 95% increase in CH4-rec from the B-asymptote is reached after approximately 109 h, and the 95% decrease in H2-rec from the A-asymptote is reached after approximately 112 h. When comparing the respective inflection points (xmid), the recovery of CH4 production took approximately 3 times longer than the decrease. In addition, after 7 d of recovery, CH4 production did not return to the initial levels before the infusion began. The reduced DMI can partially explain this difference in CH4 recovery; however, other factors cannot be excluded. In conclusion, our data suggest that ruminal infusion of 592 mg CHBr3/d for 14 d reduces CH4 production by >95% and the recovery of CH4 production to pre-infusion levels might take longer than 7 d.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142231350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"97 Influence of cashew nutshell extract (CNSE) on enteric methane emission, feeding behavior, and nutrients digestibility in beef steers receiving a finishing diet","authors":"Wilmer Cuervo, Federico Tarnonsky, Ignacio Fernandez-Marenchino, Araceli B Maderal, Andres Fernandez-Lehman, Federico Podversich, Tessa M M Schulmeister, Lucas Gonzalez, Cristian Erazo-Mendez, Nicolas DiLorenzo","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.371","url":null,"abstract":"Feedlots have a crucial role in meeting the increasing global demand for meat. Despite ongoing efforts to improve feed efficiency in finishing diets, cattle in feedlots may experience methane (CH4) losses ranging from 2 to 12% of dietary gross energy (GE). Identifying strategies to mitigate energy losses in finishing diets is imperative for ensuring the sustainability of beef production. Anacardic acid, contained in the cashew nutshell extract (CNSE) has shown promising results in reducing CH4 emissions in forage-based diets; however, its impact on high-grain diets remains to be analyzed. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate CNSE addition (5 gּ steer-1ּ d-1) in a finishing diet (85:15% grain: forage) on in vivo enteric CH4 emissions, apparent total tract digestibility, and feeding behavior. It was hypothesized that CNSE addition to a finishing diet would reduce enteric CH4 emissions without reducing feed intake or nutrient digestibility. To this aim, Angus crossbred steers (n = 16; 599 ± 40 kg) were used in a crossover design with two periods of 56 d each. Steers were adapted (14 d) to the finishing diet and assigned to receive CNSE or no additive (CON). The diet was offered twice daily as a total mixed ration (TMR) in the feedbunk, while CNSE was independently delivered through the Super SmartFeed system (C-Lock, Inc, Rapid City, SD) using ground corn gluten feed as a carrier. In vivo CH4 emissions, apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients, and feeding behavior were analyzed. Data were recorded during 35 d after the adaptation, followed by 7 d of washout, and analyzed as a crossover design using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Compared with CON, the addition of CNSE increased meal duration (P = 0.03), bunk visit duration (P < 0.01), and dry matter intake (DMI) of TMR (P = 0.03) by 25, 23, and 7%, respectively. Dry matter digestibility was increased (P = 0.02) by CNSE addition. Steers receiving CNSE, had a reduction in enteric CH4 emission rate (g/d; P < 0.001), yield (g/kg of DMI; P < 0.001), and intensity (g/kg of average daily gain; P < 0.01) in 29, 32, and 39% respectively. The loss of dietary GE as CH4 was reduced in CNSE (3.2 vs. 4.7%) compared with CON (P < 0.01). This study showed that CNSE at the evaluated inclusion rate, reduced CH4 yield and emission intensity by more than 31% in beef steers receiving a finishing diet. Moreover, given that CNSE addition promoted a longer feed bunk occupancy and a greater TMR intake, it could be suggested that the observed CH4 mitigation may be linked to shifts in ruminal fermentation rather than changes in DMI.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142231353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSIII-23 Identifying genes associated with the retinol biosynthesis pathway in corpora lutea of cyclic and pregnant gilts","authors":"Matthew D Stuehr, Rebecca K Poole, Jeffrey Wiegert, Kyle J Hickman-Brown, Fuller Bazer","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.564","url":null,"abstract":"Improving reproductive performance (e.g., farrowing rate, litter size, pigs weaned) of commercial sows is crucial for sustainability of swine production. Good nutrition is essential to support high performing reproductive outputs. Vitamin A (retinol) is an essential fat-soluble vitamin with important roles in tissue development and reproduction. Previous studies in porcine luteal cells in vitro have shown that retinoids support corpus luteum (CL) function and stimulate progesterone (P4) secretion. The objective of this study is to identify the expression of genes associated with retinol biosynthesis pathway in CL of cyclic and pregnant gilts. Duroc x Landrace x Yorkshire gilts (n = 37) free of physical, heath, or reproductive-related issues were housed in groups on solid concrete floors with ad libitum water access and fed 2.0 kg/d of a standard gestation diet formulated to meet micronutrient requirements. After breeding, gilts were euthanized and ovariohysterectomized during the preimplantation (d 11; n = 10), implantation (d 15; n = 10), mid gestation (d 60; n = 6), and late gestation (d 00; n = 6) stages of pregnancy, as well as cyclic gilts (d 15 of luteal phase; Cyclic;n = 5). Both ovaries of each gilt were separated from the uteri and CL count was recorded before storing at -80°C. Blood was collected concurrently, centrifuged at 2,500 x g for 25 min at 4°C, and resulting plasma was stored at -20°C. Plasma P4 concentration was quantified using a double-antibody RIA kit per manufacturer instructions. Mean relative expression of CL aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member 1A (ALDH1A1) was quantified by RT-qPCR. Statistical analyses for CL number and P4 concentrations were determined by PROC GLM in SAS 9.4 and gene expression comparison by day was determined by one-way ANOVA and Student’s t-test for pairwise comparison in JMP 17.0. There were no differences in CL number (15.7 ± 1.5; P > 0.05) or P4 concentrations (17.3 ± 5.3 ng/mL; P > 0.05) by day of pregnancy or between cyclic and pregnant gilts. The mean relative expression of ALDH1A1 was greater (P < 0.001) between d 11 and Cyclic gilts and between d 11 and all other dys of pregnancy (P < 0.01). However, there were no other statistical significances for ALDH1A1 between day of pregnancy or by pregnancy status (P > 0.05). The greater mean relative expression of ALDH1A1 at D 11 of pregnancy could be evidence that retinoic acid has an important role in the porcine anti-luteolytic mechanism, which occurs around d 11 of pregnancy in pigs, and is crucial for the maintenance of pregnancy. Other genes associated with the retinol pathway like retinol binding protein 2 (RBP2), retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4), lecithin retinol acyltransferase (LRAT), and alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (ADH1C) will be quantified by RT-qPCR to better understand the role of retinol biosynthesis in porcine CL function.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142231212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSVI-30 Comparative analysis on partial replacement of soybean meal with various plant sources on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and meat quality in finishing pigs","authors":"Weihan Zhao, Kye Jin Lee, In Ho Kim","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.799","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean meal (SBM) is a high-protein plant product commonly used as a primary protein source in pig diets. However, its price has been steadily increasing. Concurrently researchers were prompted to search for cost-effective, high-yield protein sources. In the earlier studies palm kernel meal (PKM), distillers dried grains solubles (DDGS), and rapeseed meal (RSM) were potentially used as substitutes for SBM. Still, no study exists on conducting a comparative analysis of replacing soybean meal with various plant extracts. Therefore, we aimed to analyze whether replacing SBM with various plant extracts could reveal comparable effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and meat quality in finishing pigs. For 10 wk, n = 200 [(Yorkshire × Landrace) × Duroc] finishing pigs [body weight (BW) = 57.07 ± 3.18 kg] were assigned to one of five dietary treatments. The test treatments were control (CON) corn-SBM-based diet, and the CON diet replaced with 10% of PKM, lupin Kernel (LK), RSM, and DDGS, respectively. Each treatment has 10 replicates with 4 (2 barrows and 2 gilts) pigs/pen. The dietary treatments were as follows control (CON), a corn-SBM-based diet; and the SBM diet replaced with 10% of each PKM, Lupin Kernel (LK), RSM, and DDGS. The partial replacement of SBM with various plants reveals neither significant nor adverse effects on the overall performance in finishing pigs. In summary, we concluded that partially replacing SBM with various plant sources would serve as a better option for small farm owners to save their feed costs.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142231532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSIV-10 Thyroid hormone does not protect skeletal muscle mitochondrial function from heat stress in pigs","authors":"Lauren T Wesolowski, Jamianne J Kelly, Melissa S Roths, Tori E Rudolph, Pier L Semanchik, Robert P Rhoads, Lance H Baumgard, Joshua T Selsby, Sarah H White-Springer","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.614","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental heat stress (HS) can impair muscle mitochondrial function which may contribute to negative health outcomes, but little is known about potential treatments to rescue mitochondrial function during HS. To test the hypothesis that thyroid hormone (T3) would protect mitochondrial function during HS, samples were collected from the right ventricle (RV) of 3-mo-old, crossbred gilts under 4 different environmental conditions: thermoneutral (TN; 22°C; n = 8); 1 d HS (HS1; 38°C; n = 7); oral supplementation of 1.33 µgּ kg body weight (BW)-1ּ d-1 Cytomel (liothyronine sodium) during the 1 d HS (HS1TH; n = 8); and 7 d HS (HS7; n = 8). The oxidative portion of the semitendinosus (ST) was also collected from all groups plus a 5th group: oral supplementation of Cytomel during 7 d HS (HS7TH, n = 8). Mitochondrial volume density was estimated by citrate synthase (CS) activity, and oxidative phosphorylation (OP) and electron transfer (E) capacities were determined via high resolution respirometry. Data were analyzed using mixed linear models in SAS v9.4 with treatment group as a fixed effect and pig (treatment) as a random effect. Within the RV, the contribution of OP supported by complex I (PCI) to maximal E was less in HS1TH gilts compared with all other groups (P ≤ 0.02), and the contribution of E supported by complex II (ECII) to maximal E was greater in TN than HS1 or HS7 (P ≤ 0.02) and tended to be greater in TN compared with HS1TH gilts (P = 0.07). Within the ST, integrative (relative to tissue wet weight) PCI was greatest in TN gilts (vs. HS7 and HS7TH, P ≤ 0.0002; vs. HS1 and HS1TH, P ≤ 0.06) and least in HS7 and HS7TH (vs. HS1 and HS1TH, P ≤ 0.05). Integrative maximal P (PCI+II) was greatest in TN pigs (compared with HS1TH, HS7, and HS7TH, P ≤ 0.05; compared with HS1, P = 0.09). Integrative maximal E (ECI+II) was also greatest in TN gilts than all other groups (P ≤ 0.05) while ECII was greater in TN pigs compared with HS7 and HS7TH (P ≤ 0.009) and tended to be greater than HS1 and HS1TH (P ≤ 0.09). In ST, intrinsic (relative to CS activity) PCI and PCI+II were greater in TN compared with HS1, HS1TH, and HS7 pigs (P ≤ 0.03) and PCI+II tended to be greater in TN than HS7TH (P ≤ 0.06). Intrinsic ECI+II and ECII were greater in TN compared with all other treatment groups (P ≤ 0.04). These results suggest that T3 supplementation did not protect mitochondrial function from negative impacts of HS in skeletal muscle but may have modified electron transfer through complex I in cardiac muscle which may have implications on oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142231216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"411 Designing academic talent pipelines to meet employment needs of the animal science industry","authors":"Haley E Larson","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.481","url":null,"abstract":"While industry and academia serve different roles when it comes to propelling the animal science industry forward, there is a need to more formally bridge efforts between industry and academia when developing employees, both future and current. Commencement speeches typically include reflections on the great accomplishments students will achieve as they begin their industry careers. But how do animal science educators ensure programming is designed to fill the learner’s metaphoric toolbox with the right skills to tackle the complicated, and ever-evolving challenges of the animal science industry? Design of academic programming needs to be strategic and interdisciplinary in order to equip graduates with the skills needed to solve the wicked problems present in animal science. Often the design process begins with an identified need or gap in knowledge that industry has observed or anticipates based on strategic initiatives. Once a connection is made between a segment of the industry and an academic institution with the willingness to fill the education gap surrounding the identified industry problem, a pipeline of employees educated in that area of need can be established. There are three key characteristics often observed when evaluating successful academic talent pipelines. First, industry must be integrated into all aspects of the process: development, launch, and delivery. Involving subject matter experience from industry allows for real-world experience-based learning in a variety of forms. This could be on-site tours/training, connecting students with industry mentors, or bringing industry-based guest lecturers and panels into the classroom for students to network with. Industry has specific views on how they want to be involved with academia, listening to that feedback ensures respectful use of professional’s time, and effective education for future employees helping with job placement. Secondly, successful academic talent pipeline programs are able to embrace interdisciplinary skill development, while not losing sight of students’ areas of interest. It is crucial that as students are recruited to industry need-based programs, students see clear connections between skills learned and real-world application. Thirdly, successful programs meet students where they are. There is a growing population of students pursuing non-traditional education pathways to meet their career goals. Academic programs need to be prepared to train both the next generation as well as the current generation of employees in the animal science industry. While the diversity in student background experience escalates dramatically when you blend traditional and non-traditional students in the classroom, the enriching insight and discussion that follows a well-designed program highlights the importance of leveraging experience-based learning and fostering an inclusive environment for all types of learners.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142231357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"74 Comparison of certified Arouquesa Protected Designation of Origin beef vs. standard crossbred beef: A proteomic analysis","authors":"Laura Sacarrão-Birrento, Sara Schlosser, Ebrahim Razzazi-Fazeli, Cátia F Martins, Susana P Alves, Carlos A Venâncio, Ingrid Miller, André M de Almeida","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.263","url":null,"abstract":"Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) products are gaining importance due to their high quality and increased consumer concerns about sustainability. Arouquesa PDO beef is a local product with valued organoleptic traits that contributes to local heritage and economy in rural regions of Northern Portugal. Proteomic analysis provides insights on important metabolic pathways that can be related to the production system and be used to differentiate PDO beef from beef produced under standard systems such as those used with crossbreds. The aim of this work is to compare the proteome profile of Arouquesa PDO beef with beef from crossbred animals produced under standard conditions. Muscle samples (n = 10) were collected from the abattoir from male weaners slaughtered at 8.5 mo of age: five Arouquesa breed and five Limousine (n = 2) or Charolais (n = 3) crossbreds. Samples were analyzed using 2D-DIGE and spots showing differential accumulation (P-value < 0.05 and fold-change ± 1.5) were selected for identification using in-gel tryptic digest and LC-MS/MS identification. Meat quality parameters (pH, crude protein and total lipids) were also determined. Animal body weight was 62% heavier (P < 0.05) in crossbred animals (214 ± 5.47 kg). Arouquesa beef had reduced crude protein (17.52 ± 1.39 vs. 20.46 ± 1.44 g/100 g meat) and consequently a greater value of total lipids (8.39 ± 1.86 vs. 3.62 ± 2.44 g/100 g meat). Of the 34 protein spots showing differential accumulation, 13 had greater abundances in Arouquesa beef, whereas 21 were increased in the crossbred animals. Some of the up-regulated proteins in the Arouquesa beef are involved in glycolysis (GADPH, GPI, PGM1, TPI, ENO3) or in muscle structure (MYL1, MYLPF). The down-regulated proteins were mostly related to muscle structure (MYLPF, MYL6B, TNNT1), oxygen transport (HBA, HBB) or heat shock proteins (HSPB1). We also found for some proteins several differentially regulated proteoforms between breeds (MYLPF and TPI1), not all regulated in the same way. The proteins involved in glycolysis can indicate a decreased glycolytic potential of Arouquesa muscle leading to reduced glycogen degradation during post-mortem. The proteins related to muscle structure are generally associated with greater growth performances which was not expected as Arouquesa animals had lighter final body weights. However, MYL1 is also associated to increased tenderness as expectable in Arouquesa beef due to the production system based on early slaughter. The greater abundance of proteins related to oxygen metabolism in crossbred animals suggests a greater oxidative capacity which may be related to muscle fiber composition. In conclusion, the proteome profile of Arouquesa breed points to better beef quality traits compared with commercial beef; thus, contributing to increase product valorization. We found different proteins in the two groups related to specific metabolisms showing a breed-specific response allowing the impro","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}