Journal of animal science最新文献

{"title":"PSLBI-17 Total sulfur amino acid requirements across the canine life cycle in Labrador Retrievers using the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) technique","authors":"Sarah M Dickerson, Claire L Timlin, Fiona B McCracken, Jason W Fowler, craig n coon","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.712","url":null,"abstract":"Methionine and cysteine are the principal sulfur-containing amino acids that are incorporated into proteins, although homocysteine and taurine also have important physiological roles in canines. As limited studies have been conducted for total sulfur-containing amino acids (TSAA) requirements across the canine life cycle, our objective was to determine the minimum requirements (MR) for TSAA at 4 life stages using the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) technique. Labrador Retrievers (n = 24) were used in feeding studies to evaluate the changing requirements of TSAA as dogs mature: 6 puppies aged 10 to 14 wk, 6 puppies >14 wk to 9 mos, 6 adults 2 to 5 yr (yr), and 6 seniors > 8yr. Following a 2-d adaptation to a TSAA-adequate basal diet (TSAA = 1.12% dry matter), dogs underwent individual IAAO studies. In brief, all dogs were randomly fed one of six test diets with varying levels of TSAA ranging from deficient to sufficient (final TSAA content in experimental diets were 0.41, 0.46, 0.51, 0.98, 1.05, and 1.12% dry matter, with indispensable amino acids formulated at 1.6x NRC values). The test diet was divided into 13 equal meals; at the 5th meal, a tracer amino acid was included (a bolus L-[1-13C] phenylalanine based on body weight was first given, followed by [1-13C] Phe doses every 30 spanning 4 h). Breath samples were collected via a respiration mask every 30 min. Total CO2 production was determined via indirect calorimetry and production of 13CO2 at each dose was measured by enrichment of 13C in breath samples via isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Results for IRMS data were converted to atom percent excess (APE) and analyzed using segmented linear regression. The Four Rivers mean and population requirements for TSAA were estimated to be 1.55 ± 0.069 g/1,000 kcal (mean ± 2 SD) for puppies 10 to 14 wk, 1.53 ± 0.21 g/1,000 kcal (mean ± 2 SD) for puppies 14 wk to 9 mo, 1.4 ± 0.30 g/1000 kcal (mean ± 2 SD) for adults 2 to 5 yr, and 1.27 ± 0.23 g/1,000 kcal (mean ± 2 SD) for seniors. These results may contribute to the formulation of diets that meet the age-appropriate requirements of TSAA for large-breed dogs at all life stages.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"31 Sustainable livestock, sustainable future: Why we need a toolkit of solutions to improve sustainability in animal agriculture","authors":"Frank Mitloehner","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.301","url":null,"abstract":"Meat and dairy will continue to be an essential part of diets around the world, but as demand increases so does pressure to reduce the environmental impact of farming. There is no single solution that will allow the global community to meet demand and improve sustainability in our food system. We will need a toolkit of solutions to meet the needs of producers in various regions and production systems.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142231477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSII-30 Exploring the prebiotic potential of enzymatically released bioactive components from canola fiber on growth performance and gut health of broiler chickens and weaned piglets","authors":"Yanxing Niu, Bogdan A Slominski, C Martin Nyachoti, Rob Patterson, Anna Rogiewicz","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.791","url":null,"abstract":"In our research, canola meal (CM) was incubated with a specific multi-carbohydrase cocktail and protease to enhance the bioactivity of its fiber components. This process resulted in the enzymatically modified canola meal solubles (ECMS) product, which was obtained following spray-drying of water-soluble fraction of the incubated CM. The ECMS was hypothesized to exhibit prebiotic effects in monogastric animals due to its composition, which includes components resulting from the hydrolysis of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP), such as low-molecular-weight polysaccharides and oligosaccharides. Compared with CM, ECMS contained more crude protein, ash, and phosphorus, and less intact NSP, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), phytate phosphorus, sucrose, and raffinose and stachyose. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ECMS supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, gut function and health of broiler chickens and weaned piglets. Ross 308 broiler chickens were assigned to three dietary treatments with 6 birds per cage and 8 replicates per treatment. The birds were raised under a controlled environment for 14 d. The experimental diets consisted of a corn/soybean meal Control diet, a Low ECMS diet containing 1g/kg of ECMS, and a High ECMS diet containing 20 g/kg of ECMS. The results indicated that the High ECMS diet led to a significant increase in feed intake (FI) and body weight (BW) gain compared with both the Low ECMS and the Control diets. No significant differences were observed in feed conversion ratio, pH of ileal and cecal digesta, sialic acids secretion, or apparent total tract digestibility of NDF and nitrogen between birds fed the different diets. Lactobacillus spp. and Enterococcus spp. were significantly more abundant in both the ileal and cecal digesta of birds fed the High ECMS diet compared with the Control diet. Total short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the ileal digesta of birds fed ECMS diets significantly increased compared with birds fed the Control diet. Weaned piglets (TN 70 × TN Tempo) were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments with 8 replicate pens in a randomized complete block design. Pigs were fed a corn/soybean meal Control diet containing 50 g/kg of CM and an experimental diet containing ECMS, replacing 20 g/kg of CM, for 3 wk (1 to 21 d post-weaning). The results showed that experimental diets had no significant impact on growth performance. However, the ECMS diet decreased the pH value of the colon contents and increased the population of Bifidobacterium in the cecum and colon (P < 0.05). In conclusion, ECMS significantly modulated gut microbiota, increased SCFA production in the ileum, and improved the growth performance of broilers. In weaned piglets, ECMS demonstrated the ability to decrease intestinal pH and stimulate the proliferation of beneficial gut microbiota. Therefore, ECMS could be considered a promising prebiotic in monogastric animal nutrition.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142231479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSII-25 Cysteine utilization for liver taurine and intestinal glutathione production is affected by weaning in pigs","authors":"Marko Rudar, Alexandra M Gachman, Alex Outlaw, Brooke Newell, Julia Bartosh","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.784","url":null,"abstract":"Cysteine is a sulfur amino acid with key roles in pig production but how cysteine metabolism and requirements are affected by acute nutritional stress at weaning is unclear. The objective of this study was to determine weaning-induced changes in the abundance and activity of enzymes involved in cysteine utilization in the liver and small intestine. Pigs [initial body weight (BW) = 7.23 ± 0.68 kg] were either weaned at 21 d age and euthanized at 23 d age (W; n = 9) or remained with the sow and euthanized at 23 d age (NW; n = 9). Weaned pigs were fasted to replicate an acute nutritional stress but had free access to water. At euthanasia, liver, jejunum, and ileum tissues were collected. Liver abundance of cysteine dioxygenase 1 (CDO1) and cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSAD), enzymes needed for cysteine oxidation to taurine, were determined by immunoblot. Reaction products of GCL and GSS, enzymes needed for glutathione (GSH) production, and CDO1 (liver only) were determined by HPLC. Tissue taurine and GSH concentrations were determined by HPLC. Liver CDO1 activity (0.31 versus 0.52 ± 0.10 nmol cysteine sulfinic acid/mgּ proteinּ min-1); P = 0.14), CDO1 abundance (3.98 versus 7.47 ± 1.96 AU; P = 0.22), and CSAD abundance (1.50 versus 1.54 ± 0.16 AU; P = 0.88) were not different between W and NW pigs. Liver GCL activity (2.49 versus 4.15 ± 0.25 nmol γ-glutamylcysteine/(mgּ proteinּ min-1); P < 0.001) and GSS activity (1.54 versus 1.92 nmol GSH/(mgּ proteinּ min-1); P < 0.001) were less in W compared with NW pigs. Liver taurine concentration increased in W compared with NW pigs (2,250 versus 4,726 ± 471 nmol/g; P < 0.01), whereas liver GSH concentration was not different between W and NW pigs (2,825 versus 2,921 ± 245 nmol/g; P > 0.10). Jejunum GCL activity was not different between W and NW pigs (0.56 versus 0.39 ± 0.07 nmol γ-glutamylcysteine/(mg proteinּ min-1); P = 0.10), whereas GSS activity tended to be lower in W compared with NW pigs (1.11 versus 1.38 ± 0.10 nmol GSH/(mg proteinּ min-1); P = 0.07). Ileum GCL (0.36 versus 0.32 ± 0.07 nmol γ-glutamylcysteine/(mg proteinּ min-1) and GSS activities (1.04 versus 1.02 ± 0.07 nmol GSH/(mg proteinּ min-1) were not different between W and NW pigs (P > 0.10). However, both jejunum (1,379 versus 1,720 ± 70 nmol/g) and ileum (1,497 versus 1,740 ± 74 nmol/g) GSH concentrations were less in W compared with NW pigs (P < 0.05). Despite limited feed intake, liver oxidation of cysteine to taurine was maintained in pigs after weaning. These findings imply that excess endogenous cysteine is oxidized to taurine rather than utilized for gut GSH production.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142231215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSXIII-19 Levels of multicarbohydrase complexes on digestibility and rumen fermentation characteristics for feedlot cattle","authors":"Bárbara M Brixner, Bruno Garcia Carvalho de Dias, Murillo A Meschiatti, Daiana dos Santos de Oliveira, Sílvio Luis Antunes, Fernanda Lopes, Daniel Montanher Polizel, Flávio Augusto Portela Santos","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.896","url":null,"abstract":"Feeding exogenous enzymes has the potential to increase the digestibility of nutrients and modify rumen fermentation in diets for feedlot cattle, on the other hand, the effect of the inclusion of corn ethanol co-products on nutrient digestibility is still controversial. We hypothesized that the supplementation of enzyme complex improves nutrient digestibility and increases ruminal pH of feedlot cattle receiving a finishing diet and the inclusion of DFS (corn dry bran/fiber plus distillers solubles) has no effect on rumen fermentation and nutrients digestibility. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of doses of multicarbohydrase complexes and the inclusion of DFS on nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation. Ruminally cannulated Nellore steers [n = 30; Initial body weight (BW) = 250 kg] were used in a randomized complete block design in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. Factor 1 was defined by the inclusion of DFS [15% or 45% of dry matter (DM)], and factor 2 was the doses of multicarbohydrase complexes (0, 0.75 and 1.0 g/10 kg of DM). The diets contained 8.5% sugar cane bagasse, 44 or 73% ground flint corn, 15 or 45% DFS, 0.5 or 1.5% urea and 2% mineral mix plus monensin with the respective enzyme complex doses. The digestibility assessment was carried out based on the assessment of nutrient consumption (offered and non-consumed feed) and total feces production on d 18 to 22 of the study. Ruminal fluid collection was carried out on d 23 of the study, every 3 h, and samples were analyzed to determine ruminal fluid pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA) proportion and ammonia nitrogen concentration. Orthogonal contrasts were performed to evaluate the effects of enzyme complex doses with a significance level of 5%. Two contrasts were tested to compare: 1) 0 g of enzyme vs. inclusion of enzyme, and 2) 0.75 g of enzyme vs. 1.0 g. There was an interaction (P ≤ 0.05) for protein digestibility. The inclusion of multicarbohydrase complexes increased crude protein (CP) digestibility in diets with 45% DFS, with no effect on diets containing 15% DFS. Feeding the enzyme complex increased (P ≤ 0.05) the ether extract digestibility. Feeding 45 vs 15% DFS had no effect on the digestibility of nutrients (P ≥ 0.05). There was no DFS inclusion and doses of enzymes interaction for ruminal fermentation variables. The DFS inclusion did not affect the VFA and ruminal ammonia; however, the inclusion of 45% DFS increased the ruminal pH (6.40 vs. 6.23). The doses of multicarbohydrase complexes did not affect the ruminal pH, VFA and ammonia concentration; however, decreased the acetate:propionate ratio. In conclusion, the enzyme complex had minor effects on nutrient digestibility but improved rumen fermentation, while feeding 45% DFS in the diet had no effect on nutrient digestibility and increased rumen pH.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSIV-29 Efficacy of a chute-side pregnancy test on early pregnancy determination in mature Rambouillet ewes","authors":"Karime L Luna, Marcy Ward, Molly M Austin, Jeffrey Dominguez Arellanes, Luis Ochoa, Sara C Gurule, Shaina Sirois, Meghan May, John Lawrence, Eric J Scholljegerdes, Sergio A Soto-Navarro, Jennifer A Gifford","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.922","url":null,"abstract":"Distinguishing pregnant from non-pregnant ewes in early pregnancy allows for more efficient flock management by producers. While early pregnancy detection techniques like ultrasonography and hormone quantification are well established, these techniques are often not adaptable to field conditions or require specialized equipment and training. The objective of this study was to evaluate a validated bovine commercial on-farm pregnancy test on efficacy for detecting early pregnancy in distinct blood constituents of ewes. Rambouillet ewes [n = 30; average body weight (BW) = avg 60.9 ± 1.1 kg; age 2 to 8 yr) were estrous synchronized using a 5 d CIDR protocol followed by 2 injections of PGF2α at 0 and 4 h. A rattle-painted ram was subsequently placed with ewes for a 35-d breeding season. Blood constituents including whole blood (WB), plasma (PL), and serum (SE) were collected via jugular venipuncture prior to synchronization (d 0) and on d 20, 35, and 70 after breeding. Blood constituents were individually evaluated using the IDEXX Alertys OnFarm pregnancy test for pregnancy detection. Trans-abdominal ultrasonography was performed on d 35 and d 70 post-breeding. Serum progesterone (P4) was quantified on d 100 of gestation to confirm pregnancy status. Progesterone concentrations ≥ 4 ng/mL were considered pregnant. On d 20 of gestation, IDEXX tests agreed with P4 concentrations on d 100 (χ2 = 0.30) in WB, SE and PL at 35.7, 53.6, and 53.6%, respectively. Pregnancy detection accuracy increased on d 35 of gestation as IDEXX tests agreed with P4 at d 100 (χ2 = 1.00) in WB, SE, and PL at 60.7, 60.7 and 60.7% accuracy, respectively. On d 70 of gestation, IDEXX tests agreed with P4 at d 100 (χ2 = 0.81) in WB, SE, and PL at 90.7, 93.3 and 93.3% accuracy, respectively indicating similarity in pregnancy diagnosis in the two methods. Detection of pregnancy using ultrasonography at d 35 identified 33% of pregnant ewes, while d 70 ultrasound detected 93% of pregnant ewes when compared with d 100 serum P4. Results suggest that the IDEXX pregnancy test provides early diagnosis of pregnancy with d 70 results comparable to d 100 serum P4 quantification regardless of blood constituent type.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"164 Combining in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches for studying taste perception and preferences of domestic cats and dogs","authors":"Scott J McGrane","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.152","url":null,"abstract":"Developing food products for pet cats and dogs is an important and challenging area of the food industry. The diet offered must be both balanced and palatable to ensure the amount of food eaten meets their nutritional requirements. The taste perception of pets is different from humans in many cases (Li et al., 2005) and therefore species-specific research is necessary. Hence, understanding the flavor preferences of cats and dogs is an important area of research and requires multiple disciplines and scientific approaches. We have developed a range of complimentary methods for studying taste perception and preferences of domestic cats and dogs In silico: homology models of the pet taste receptors have been developed. These models are used to identify candidate compounds and elucidate the mechanisms of taste perception of pets. In vitro: cell-based high throughput screening assays of pet taste receptors have also been developed. These assays are used to identify taste-active compounds and confirm response to those identified via the in silico method to refine the model. In vivo: finally, a two-bottle choice test for cats has been developed. This test is used to confirm hedonic responses and determine optimum concentrations of single compounds and mixtures identified by the in silico and/or in vitro methods. Using this novel approach, we now have a deeper understanding of the taste perception and preferences of pets, with specific examples including Umami (McGrane et al., 2023) and Kokumi (Laffitte et al., 2021) taste perception of cats and bitter taste perception of dogs (Gibbs et al., 2022). This approach has also enabled us to reduce the number of in vivo tests required, so implementing the 3Rs, by prioritizing the most promising tastants using the in silico and in vitro methods. Gibbs, M., Winnig, M., Riva, I., Dunlop, N., Waller, D., Klebansky, B., Logan, D.W., Briddon, S.J., Holliday, N.D., McGrane, S.J. 2022. Bitter taste sensitivity in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) and its relevance to bitter deterrents of ingestion. PLoS One. 17:e0277607. Laffitte, A., Gibbs, M., Hernangomez de Alvaro, C., Addison, J., Lonsdale, Z.N., Giribaldi, M.G., Rossignoli, A., Vennegeerts, T., Winnig, M., Klebansky, B., Skiles, J., Logan, D.W., McGrane, S.J. 2021. Kokumi taste perception is functional in a model carnivore, the domestic cat (Felis catus). Sci Reports 2021 111. 11:1–17. Li, X., Li, W., Wang, H., Cao, J., Maehashi, K., Huang, L., Bachmanov, A.A., Reed, D.R., Legrand-Defretin, V., Beauchamp, G.K., Brand, J.G. 2005. Pseudogenization of a sweet-receptor gene accounts for cats’ indifference toward sugar. PLoS Genet. 1:0027–0035.McGrane, S.J., Gibbs, M., Hernangomez De Alvaro, C., Dunlop, N., Winnig, M., Klebansky, B., Waller, D. 2023. Umami taste perception and preferences of the domestic cat (Felis catus), an obligate carnivore. Chem Senses. 48.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSVII-29 The Nebraska Beef Industry Scholars Program develops employability skills and improves career development","authors":"Kacie L McCarthy, Lisa Karr","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.917","url":null,"abstract":"The Nebraska Beef Industry Scholars (NBIS) program is designed to bring elite undergraduate students together to learn more about issues that affect beef production, network with industry leaders, and develop leadership skills in the beef industry. Therefore, our objectives were to better understand how prepared the NBIS students are for a career related to beef cattle post-graduation by completing a survey. The procedures of the survey were reviewed and approved by the University of Nebraska-Lincoln’s Institutional Review Board (IRB #19684). The assessment was provided to graduates of the program via an email list provided by the college. The survey was sent to 78 students who completed the NBIS program (certificate or minor) between 2010 and 2018 in the Animal Science Department at University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Survey results were summarized and means and standard deviations were calculated for individual statements in the Likert scale format and were considered significant if the average was greater than 3. Fifty-one students responded to the survey, 51% of respondents were female, 72.5% majored in Animal Science with the remaining respondents majoring in Agricultural Economics and Agricultural Leadership, Education, and Communication (21.6 and 5.9%, respectively). In terms of the NBIS program preparing students for a career, 22 respondents felt very satisfied with educational experiences through the NBIS program, whereas 14 respondents were extremely satisfied. Thirty-five respondents noted that they are currently working in the beef industry and 27 of them had found a job at graduation. Twenty-six students felt that the NBIS program provided a great deal of networking opportunities throughout their program which prepared them for their career. Overall, students who have completed the NBIS program value the experiences gained and felt prepared going into careers relative to the beef industry.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142233450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"504 Relationship between vaginal microbiota and reproductive efficiency in dairy cows","authors":"Erika J Félix Santiago, Delia X Vega Manríquez, Milagros González Hernández, Jorge Flores Sánchez, Andrea García Mendoza, Cesar A Rosales Nieto","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.170","url":null,"abstract":"Intrinsic and extrinsic factors determine the milk production of a dairy herd, which is affected by the reproductive efficiency of dairy farms. Infectious, nutritional, and management causes can negatively affect this efficiency. After parturition, dairy cows are sensible to clinical diseases since the physical barriers of the cervix, vagina, and vulva are compromised, allowing environmental bacteria to ascend, altering the vaginal microbiota. It is possible that the alteration of the microorganisms of the vaginal microbiota alters the response of circulating hormones related to a new conception and leads to repeat breeder cow syndrome. Repeat breeder cow (RBC) syndrome is considered when the cows have difficulties becoming pregnant after three or more attempts. This was investigated by associating the microorganisms of the vaginal microbiota with the circulating concentration of progesterone, glucose, and reproductive success in Holstein cows. We used 30 Holstein cows of similar body condition and parity (4th) assigned to two treatments based on their historical reproductive success. T-RBC with repeat breeder cow syndrome (n = 15), and T-control (CTL) without (n = 15). At insemination, we collected a vaginal mucosa sample from each cow. The samples were plated on blood agar and McConkey media under aerobiosis and micro-aerobiosis conditions. The isolated colonies were identified through Gram staining and specific biochemical tests to determine the genus and species of each bacterium. Blood samples were collected at insemination, d 5 post insemination, and every 2 d afterward for progesterone and glucose assay. Data for fertility were analyzed using PROC-GLIMMIX with a binomial distribution and logit link function. Data for progesterone and glucose were analyzed using MIXED effects and repetitive measures. Up to date, Bacillus, E coli, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, Proteus, Streptococcus, and Actinomyces have been isolated. Over time, circulating progesterone and glucose did not differ between treatments (P > 0.05). To date, the fertility rate is similar between treatments (33%; P > 0.05); however, the number of services per conception differed (T-RBC:6 vs T-CTL:1; P < 0.001). The incidence of Bacillus (31% vs 7%; P < 0.001), E. coli (45% vs 4%; P < 0.001), and Staphylococcus (23% vs 9%; P < 0.01) was greater in non-pregnant cows than in pregnant cows. The incidence of the rest of the isolated bacteria was similar between pregnant and non-pregnant cows (P > 0.05). This study suggests that the vaginal microbiota in dairy cows can change according to the reproductive state of the cow. Our study was based on fourth-parity cows; however, more research is needed to elucidate if the same condition is presented in cows with different parity.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142231480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSVII-7 Putative epigenetic regulating fatty acids content in muscle of Nelore cattle","authors":"Juliana Afonso, Tainã Figueiredo Cardoso, Jennifer Jéssica Bruscadin, Andressa Oliveira de Lima, Wellison Jarles Silva Da Diniz, Gerson Barreto Mourao, Aline Silve Mello Cesar, Adhemar Zerlotini, Luiz Lehmann Coutinho, Marina R S Fortes, Luciana Correia Almeida de Regitano","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae234.505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae234.505","url":null,"abstract":"Fatty acid (FA) content has a significant role in the quality and nutritional composition of beef. However, genetic and epigenetic mechanisms governing FA content in beef are not fully understood. Therefore, we identified putative regulatory genes potentially modulating FA content in Nelore cattle muscle that are also being epigenetically repressed. These genes are called discordantly regulated genes (DRGs). We used genome-wide expression data from muscle samples of Nelore steers, which were selected based on contrasting levels of five specific fatty acids. Our study cohort comprised 15 muscle samples per contrasting group, sourced from an experimental breeding herd, born between 2009 and 2011 and assayed on feedlot at the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA/Brazil). These animals were sired by 34 unrelated bulls representing prominent genealogies prevalent in Brazil during that period. We identified 48 unique DRGs associated with the content of at least one FA. There were 24 DRGs for conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), 32 for oleic acid (OA), 26 for palmitic acid (PA), 22 for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 22 for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). These DRGs have crucial roles in developmental and differentiation processes, aligning with expectations for genes under epigenetic regulation. Notably, 10 DRGs were identified as common regulators across all five FAs (COMP, HOXC10, LBX1, PAX7, PITX2, SIM2, SOX17, TBX15, TBX3 and ZIC4); five DRGs were previously published differentially expressed genes for CLA, 25 were annotated as known bovine transcription factors and one as a known bovine transcription cofactor, further supporting their regulatory potential. To investigate genetic variants associated with epigenetically regulated genomic regions linked to FA traits, we conducted association tests with SNPs proximal to the transcription start sites (TSS) of DRGs. For that we considered a window of 10 kb for each side, and the previously published genetic estimated breeding value for the fatty acids in the study. We identified a significant SNP, rs110498194, associated with CLA (FDR < 0.05). This SNP is within an intron of the PITX2 gene, located 7,537 bp downstream of its TSS. PITX2 is a DRG for all five FA and is a known bovine transcription factor. To validate the presence of epigenetic elements within the genomic region associated with CLA, we examined two bovine muscle samples from the FAANG project using the UCSC Genome Browser. We identified ATAC-Seq and ChIP-Seq peaks for CTCF, H3K27ac, H3K27me3, H3K4me1 and H3K4me3, indicating active epigenetic regulation in these genomic regions. Despite the limitations in our predictions, stemming from the enrichment of cell differentiation-related processes and reliance on human-based data, our findings highlight candidate genes implicated in the regulation of fatty acid content in bovine muscle, potentially repressed by epigenetic mechanisms and a SNP involved in this regulation for CLA.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142231310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}