Journal of animal science最新文献

{"title":"Effects of combined Bacillus coagulans and Yeast fermentation culture on growth performance, plasma biochemical indices, intestinal morphology and microbial of broilers","authors":"Qiongtao Zi, Shenglan Zhu, Peng Li, Yongmin Liao, Dong Chen, Changqing He, Songchang Guo, Xiaoyan Zou","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae325","url":null,"abstract":"The favorable impacts of Bacillus coagulans or Yeast culture on broiler production performance and immune function have been acknowledged. However, the effects of the combined of them (BcYc) on the broilers remained unknown. Thus, the current research aimed to assess the effects of BcYc (at dosages of 0, 200, 300, and 400 mg/kg) on growth performance, plasma biochemical indices, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal morphology and microbial composition in broilers. The results revealed that ①broilers receiving 300 and 400 mg/kg of BcYc showed significantly higher body weights than the control group at 4d and 21d (P < 0.05). Additionally, when contrasted with the control group, the feed conversion ratio was significantly decreased in 300 mg/kg group during 4 to 21d and in 400 mg/kg group during 4 to 42d (P < 0.05). ②At 21d, the broilers supplemented with 300 and 400 mg/kg of BcYc demonstrated significantly elevated levels of albumin (ALB), glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px), total antioxidant capacity, and catalase activity than the group that not supplemented with BcYc (P < 0.05). At 42d, 400 mg/kg group showed significantly higher ALB and total protein, and lower glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity and malondialdehyde content in contrast to the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, at 42d, GSH-Px activity in all experimental groups showed significantly higher compared to the control group (P < 0.05). ③Nevertheless, no significant variation was observed neither in jejunum or duodenum morphology among all groups (P > 0.05). ④Adding 400 mg/kg of BcYc led to a significantly higher Sobs index and a lower Simpson index (P < 0.05), and an extremely significantly raised in Shannon index (P < 0.01), while adding 300 mg/kg of BcYc led to a significantly enhanced in Shannon index (P < 0.05). Additionally, supplementary BcYc significantly elevated the abundance of Firmicutes in phylum level, and Clostridia, Ruminococcus, Rikenella, Butyricicoccus and Eubacterium in genus level (P < 0.05). To sum up, supplementing BcYc at dosages of 400 mg/kg to yellow-feathered broilers diet can help improve the growth performance, regulate plasma biochemical indicators, increase antioxidant capacity, and improve gut community composition.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142937090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aging Oocytes: Exploring Apoptosis and Its Impact on Embryonic Development in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)","authors":"Essaikiammal Sodalai Muthu Konar, Sebastian Brachs, Knut Mai, Swapnil Gorakh Waghmare, Tomas Policar, Azadeh Mohagheghi Samarin, Azin Mohagheghi Samarin","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf002","url":null,"abstract":"Ovulation, fertilization, and embryo development are orchestrated and synchronized processes essential for the optimal health of offspring. Post-ovulatory aging disrupts this synchronization and impairs oocyte quality. In addition, oocyte aging causes fertilization loss and poor embryo development. This investigation aimed to unravel the endpoint of in vitro oocyte aging in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to understand the involvement of apoptosis in postovulatory oocyte death. It was observed that the fertilization ability significantly declined (p < 0.001) at 8 hours post-stripping (HPS), subsequently triggering apoptosis in the advanced stage of oocyte aging, i.e. 48 HPS. This process included an increase in proapoptotic transcripts (fas, bax, cathepsin D, caspase 8, caspase 9, and caspase 3a) (p < 0.05), elevated levels of caspase 3 protein (p < 0.05), and activation of caspase 3 enzyme (p < 0.001), a key player in apoptosis, in aging oocytes. Furthermore, the effects of oocyte aging on the embryonic apoptosis machinery were examined in embryos at 5 hours post-fertilization (HPF) and 24 HPF derived from fresh and aged oocytes. Expression of apoptotic genes and caspase enzyme activity remained at the basal level in 5 HPF (early blastula embryos) from both fresh and aged oocytes. In contrast, the zymogenic and active forms of caspase 3 increased in 24 HPF embryos from 8-h-aged oocytes (p < 0.01) compared to those from fresh oocytes. Thus, apoptosis intensified in 24 HPF embryos from aged oocytes without affecting the apoptotic machinery of early blastula embryos. Our findings demonstrate that apoptosis initiated by the Fas/FasL system is an important physiological process accompanying oocyte aging in common carp.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142935122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of implant status and breed type on feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, sera metabolites, and immunohistochemical responses in finishing steers.","authors":"K R Wesley, L K Fuerniss, J R Hall, J D Young, F B Green, P N Smith, J P Hutcheson, B J Johnson","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The number of beef × dairy animals entering feedlots has increased, but the response of beef × dairy cattle to growth-promoting implants has not been well characterized. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of breed type and implant administration on live performance, carcass characteristics, sera metabolites, and immunohistochemical (IHC) outcomes. Forty-eight steers (average body weight [BW] = 417±22 kg) were sorted by breed into groups of predominantly Angus (B), black-hided beef × primarily Holstein (B×D), or Holstein (D), and half of the steers within each breed type were administered a steroidal implant. Data were analyzed as a 3×2 factorial, including repeated measures for sera metabolite and IHC outcomes. Main effects were breed (B, B×D, or D) and implant status (no implant [CON] or Revalor-XS [200 mg trenbolone acetate + 40 mg estradiol-17β] on d 0 [IMP]). Interaction of main effects to determine breed-specific responses to implants were also evaluated. Steers were fed to a target final shrunk BW of 658 kg within breed type. Blood, longissimus thoracis biopsies, and BW were collected on d 0, 28, 70, 98, and 126; BW was also collected prior to harvest. Implanted steers had greater average daily gain (ADG), interim BW, and final BW (P ≤ 0.04). Overall ADG tended to be greatest (P = 0.07) in B×D steers. The IMP treatment, and B×D and D steers had increased (P < 0.01) mean sera concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), compared to CON and B steers. The IMP carcasses had greater hot carcass weight (HCW), dressing percentage, and REA (P ≤ 0.03) and decreased KPH (P < 0.01). By analyzation of IHC, myosin heavy chain (MHC) Type I fibers were the largest and most abundant in D (P ≤ 0.03). Increased abundance of estrogen receptors and greatest G protein-coupled receptor-1 score was observed for D, while B×D were intermediate, and B had the fewest estrogenic receptors (P ≤ 0.02). Regardless of breed type, IMP steers had increased estradiol-17β and trenbolone-17β concentrations (P < 0.01) with no effect on MHC fiber type and minimal effects on satellite cell outcomes. These results indicated B×D and IMP treatments increased muscling and decreased internal fat deposition compared to D and CON, respectively. Dairy-influenced breed types exhibited increased estrogenic receptor abundance. Additionally, few breed × implant interactions suggest B, B×D, and D steers responded similarly to growth-promoting implants.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142931687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pregnancy affects maternal performance, feed intake, and digestion kinetics parameters in beef heifers.","authors":"Gabriel Miranda Moreira, Gleidson Luz Aguiar, Javier Andrés Moreno Meneses, Karolina Batista Nascimento, Germán Darío Ramírez-Zamudio, Thais Correia Costa, Marcio de Souza Duarte, Daniel Rume Casagrande, Mateus Pies Gionbelli","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae328","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jas/skae328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to quantify the effects of physiological status (PS) and the potential interaction of this factor with days of pregnancy (DOP) on beef heifers' weight variation, intake, and digestion kinetics. Twelve rumen-cannulated zebu beef heifers (n = 7 pregnant; n = 5 nonpregnant) were used. Heifers were placed in individual pens and fed medium-quality corn silage plus a protein-based supplement. Heifers' body weight was assessed at the beginning and end of each collection period. The feed intake was measured daily. Target outcomes were evaluated at 107, 170, 208, 240, 267, and 286 DOP. The apparent total-tract digestibility was determined considering the fecal spot collection, during 5 d within each collection period. Omasal and ruminal digesta samples were collected at 107, 208, and 267 DOP for determination of partial digestibilities and diet component outflow. For these purposes, Co-EDTA and indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) were used as indicators. All data were analyzed using a mixed model framework, considering the PS and DOP as fixed effects and the animal as a random effect. Significant differences were declared when P ≤ 0.05. Pregnant heifers showed an increase in body reserves (+35 kg) from 107 to 240 DOP, but experienced a decrease in shrunk body weight (-36 kg) from 240 to 286 DOP. The intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), and ash- and protein-free neutral detergent fiber (apNDF) increased as pregnancy progressed (P < 0.04). The apparent total-tract digestibility of DM tended to be lower (P = 0.09), and the apparent total-tract digestibility of apNDF was reduced (P < 0.01) in pregnant heifers. The digestibility of CP was higher (P < 0.01) on days 267 and 286 in pregnant cows compared to nonpregnant heifers. The ruminal digestibility of OM tended to be lower (P = 0.09) in pregnant beef heifers, while the ruminal digestibility of apNDF was lower (P = 0.02) in pregnant heifers compared to nonpregnant ones. The ruminal pool of wet matter and DM was lower (P ≤ 0.01) in pregnant heifers at 267 DOP. In all periods, the outflow tended to be greater (P = 0.06) in pregnant heifers compared to nonpregnant heifers. Pregnant beef heifers exhibited a faster (P = 0.01) digesta passage rate during late gestation. In conclusion, late-gestating beef heifers are less efficient in extracting energy from feed compared to nonpregnant animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11723833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142564493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of source of origin and region of finishing on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing heifers fed in the United States.","authors":"Erin R DeHaan, Colten W Dornbach, Amanda D Blair, Nicole C Burdick Sanchez, Jeffery A Carroll, Paul R Broadway, Warren C Rusche, Kristin E Hales, Zachary K Smith","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf013","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jas/skaf013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective was to evaluate growth performance and carcass traits of finishing beef heifers sourced and finished in different regions in the U.S. Heifers (n = 190; initial body weight [BW] 483 ± 0.4 kg and 425 ± 1.9 kg for South Dakota [SD] and TX sourced, respectively) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of origin state (SD vs. TX) and finishing state (SD vs. TX) was used. Heifers were allotted on day -1 to: 1) sourced from SD and finished in SD (SD-SD), 2) sourced from SD and finished in TX (SD-TX), 3) sourced from TX and finished in SD (TX-SD), and 4) sourced from TX and finished in TX (TX-TX). Heifers were weighed on d -1, 3, 15, 28, 56, 78 (TX-TX and SD-TX) and 90 (SD-SD and TX-SD). On day 0, SD-TX and TX-SD heifers were shipped to their respective finishing locations. The following morning (day 1), SD-TX and TX-SD heifers were individually weighed to determine transit shrink. To monitor transit stress effects, vaginal temperature probes were used on all SD-TX and TX-SD heifers and a portion of SD-SD and TX-TX heifers on day -1 and removed on day 3. Clinical attitude scores (CAS) were recorded on days -1, 0, 1, 2, and 3 for bovine respiratory disease symptoms. Transported heifers had decreased temperatures (P ≤ 0.01) during transit and post-transit and increased (P ≤ 0.01) vaginal temperature during loading and unloading compared to non-transported heifers. On days 0, 1, and 3 there was a shift in the distribution of heifers that had a CAS score greater than 0 for TX-TX, SD-TX, and TX-SD. Heifers endured elevated ambient temperatures (temperature-humidity index > 75) for 54% and 18% of the feeding period for TX and SD. Growth performance and carcass trait interactions were significant (P < 0.01) except for day -1 BW, percent shrink during transit, average daily gain, dressing percent, ribeye area, and liver abscess severity, which did not differ (P > 0.30). A shift in the distribution (P < 0.02) towards a greater proportion of Yield Grade (YG) 1 and Select carcasses was observed for TX versus SD. Overall, heifers transported to higher ambient temperatures had improved overall YGs but decreased dry matter intake, quality grades (QG), and limited growth recovery (45 kg lighter) following transit than non-transported heifers. Heifers transported to lower ambient temperatures recovered growth and had improved QG (P < 0.02) at the same thickness of rib fat compared to non-transported heifers but had decreased overall yield and yield grades.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11831695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validating the use of pen scores to capture behaviors expressed by cattle unrestrained in a pen.","authors":"Jamie T Parham, Jessica J Schmidt, Amy E Tanner, Mark L Wahlberg, Temple Grandin, Ronald M Lewis","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf026","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jas/skaf026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many subjective methods exist to assist producers in evaluating temperament. Use of a pen test, which allows behavior to be observed in a nonrestrained setting, may be an effective method to evaluate temperament by allowing more variation among animals to be expressed as compared to a restrained test. The objective of this study was to analyze video recordings of penned calves to determine whether the repertoire of behaviors they expressed was adequately captured by their individual pen score (IPS) and group pen score (GPS). In each of 3 yr, 40 predominantly Angus commercial Bos taurus heifers, 2-wk postweaning , were assessed monthly in 3 consecutive months (recording periods). After routine handling through a weigh crate and squeeze chute, each heifer was released individually into a pen (12 × 6 m). Their response to 30 s of human presence within the pen was evaluated. They were then joined in groups of four in a larger (12 × 8 m) pen and re-evaluated for 30 s in a group setting. An IPS and GPS were assigned using an ethogram, with scores ranging from 1 (docile) to 6 (aggressive). This interaction was also video recorded. Using the videos, the explicit behaviors captured by each pen score were investigated using Noldus Observer software. Data were analyzed with ANOVA using SAS. Within each recording period, the concordance of pen scores with the repertoire of behaviors expressed was compared. In the group setting, heifers could not be clearly distinguished on video and were instead assigned the average GPS of the group. Heifers with higher IPS and average GPS categories had larger flight zone sizes and reached faster paces for longer periods of time. Furthermore, heifers with lower IPS appeared more neutral to the presence of a human and moved around less often. Ethograms for pen score successfully delineated the temperament of heifers. The use of such scores can provide a valuable on-farm assessment of cattle behavior during routine handling.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11912831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Out of Africa: genetic characterization and diversity of Mashona cattle in the United States.","authors":"Ashley S Ling, El Hamidi Hay, Emmanuel A Lozada-Soto, Emily Hayes, Richard Browning, Harvey D Blackburn","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf045","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jas/skaf045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mashona is a Sanga breed believed to be an ancient Bos taurus and Bos indicus composite. Since importation to the United States producers with relatively small herds (<70 cows per herd) and located in hot-humid regions have found them useful in crossbreeding programs due to purported resistance to pests and heat stress. This study evaluated the genomic composition of U.S. Mashona to better understand their population history and determine the level of genetic diversity. Twenty-four Mashona from Tennessee State University were sampled and genotyped. A reference population of B. taurus (Angus, Hereford, Wagyu, Romosinuano, and Florida Cracker) and Bos indicus (Brahman) breeds, as well as from an additional Sanga breed (Tuli) was obtained from the USDA-ARS gene bank. All individuals were genotyped using the 777k Illumina BovineHD panel. Genomic diversity across breeds was evaluated using measures of genetic distance, allelic frequency, inbreeding, and admixture analyses. The principal component analysis results revealed the first 4 principal components to explain 15.5%, 4.3%, 3.1%, and 2.4% of the genetic variation in the genotyped animals. Mashona and Tuli did not overlap but tended to cluster near one another for all principal components, particularly along the 4th principal component (variation along the European-African axis). The ADMIXTURE analysis revealed that the average proportion of B. taurus genetics in Mashona was 0.81, with individual proportions ranging from 0.77 to 0.84. Additionally, the unsupervised ADMIXTURE analysis indicated that Mashona and Tuli form a distinct ancestry group, suggesting that Sanga breeds possess unique genetic diversity compared to the other breeds evaluated in this study. The evaluation of regions with high autozygosity or differentiated from other breeds revealed several selection signatures in the Mashona population. A run of homozygosity (ROH) region on chromosome 6 contained genes associated with horn fly resistance. Additional ROH regions contained genes and quantitative trait loci associated with calving ease, reproduction, and maternal ability. Historical trends in Mashona's effective population size (Ne = 28) align with known past demographic events and indicate a narrowing of its genetic base. With insights into Mashona's unique level of genetic diversity but its relatively small population size, breeders will need to balance existing genetic diversity and selection for important traits.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11929948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143416785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graded supplemental choline chloride fed throughout the grow and finish periods elicited minimal influence on growth performance and carcass characteristics of pigs in a commercial setting.","authors":"Kaitlyn M Sommer, Elli S Burris, Julianna C Jespersen, Kari Estes, Anna C Dilger, Ryan N Dilger","doi":"10.1093/jas/skae386","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jas/skae386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Choline is vital in a variety of physiological processes that influence brain development, growth, and carcass characteristics in birds and mammals. In this study, we investigated the influence of graded supplemental choline chloride on growth performance, carcass quality, and liver characteristics in grow-finish pigs. Pigs (672 barrows and 588 gilts) were obtained from a commercial nursery facility at 8 weeks of age and assigned to treatment based on body weight and sex, with 21 same-sex pigs comprising a replicate pen. Each dietary treatment was provided to 15 replicate pens, with 8 pens of barrows and 7 pens of gilts per each of 4 dietary treatments, which included: 1) C0, basal diet containing 0% of supplemental choline chloride; 2) C300, C0 + 0.06% supplemental choline chloride, to provide 300 mg/kg of choline ions; 3) C600, C0 + 0.12% supplemental choline chloride, to provide 600 mg/kg of choline ions; and 4) C900, C0 + 0.17% supplemental choline chloride, to provide 900 mg/kg of choline ions. Feed and water were provided ad libitum throughout the study, and pigs were managed using standard commercial practices. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA using the MIXED procedure of SAS, with factors including dietary treatment and sex. There was no dietary impact (P > 0.05) on growth performance. Pigs receiving intermediate levels of supplemental choline had higher (P < 0.05) tenderloin weights compared with other dietary treatments. Furthermore, and as expected, sex differences were denoted in both growth performance and carcass characteristics. Overall, graded supplementation of choline chloride did not significantly alter growth performance or carcass characteristics of pigs raised in a commercial setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the effects of dietary lysine and tryptophan on the social behavior of pigs.","authors":"Eleanor Hewett, Luis Zaragoza, Craig Lewis, Jos Houdijk, Andrea Wilson, Simon Turner","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf030","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jas/skaf030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Negative social behaviors between pigs can cause stress, which can compromise welfare. There has been significant interest in exploring the effect of diet on negative social behaviors and the wider social behavior repertoire of pigs. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary Lysine (Lys) and Tryptophan (Trp) levels on the social behavior of commercially housed pigs. A total of 2,293 PIC Camborough barrows with a mean starting weight of 11.87 ± 1.35 kg were used in a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, with 16 replicates per treatment, of the following factors: 1) Standardized ileal digestible Lys levels: 100% Lys = diets with 100% PIC requirement at the midpoint of the growth phase (Lys 100) vs 80% Lys = diets with 80% PIC requirement at the midpoint of the growth phase (Lys 80); and 2) Trp to Lys ratio of 0.210, 0.185, or 0.160. Pigs were randomly allocated across the 6 treatments over 2 starting dates. Behavior and lesion data were collected. There was an effect of Lys (P = 0.032) on ear-biting behavior, with pigs on the Lys 80 treatments showing a higher level of ear-biting behavior. We also found an effect of the Lys score week interaction on the proportion of pens showing ear lesions (P < 0.001) and an effect of the Lys Trp interaction (P = 0.030) and the Lys score week interaction (P = 0.0104) on the proportion of pens showing severe ear lesions. In conclusion, the lysine content of feed can affect the social behavior of pigs, specifically ear biting, in commercial conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11912881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143255527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of ground herb-based and essential oil-based phytobiotics on the intestinal health and performance of nursery pigs challenged with F18+Escherichia coli.","authors":"Yesid Garavito-Duarte, Marcos Elias Duarte, Sung Woo Kim","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf018","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jas/skaf018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of using ground herb-based phytobiotics and essential oil-based phytobiotics in pig diets on intestinal health and growth performance (GP) of nursery pigs challenged with F18+Escherichia coli. Forty nursery pigs (6.4 ± 0.1 kg) at 21 d of age were individually housed and assigned to 4 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design, with body weight and sex as blocking factors. Basal diets were fed to pigs for 28 d in 3 phases. Treatments were negative control (NC): basal diet, non-challenged; positive control (PC): basal diet, challenged with F18+E. coli; HP: PC + 1% ground herb-based phytobiotics (Salcochek Pro, Ayurvet Limited, Kaushambi, India); EP: PC + 1% essential oil-based phytobiotics (Liq-biotic, Ayurvet Limited). The GP was recorded for each phase and fecal score (FS) was measured daily. On day 7 postweaning, the challenged groups were orally inoculated with F18+E. coli (2.0 × 1010 CFU), the NC treatment received a sterile saline solution. On day 28, pigs were euthanized to collect jejunal samples to evaluate intestinal health and relative abundance (RA) of jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure on SAS 9.4. The PC increased (P < 0.05) the RA of Prevotellaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and Ruminococcaceae when compared to NC. The HP reduced (P < 0.05) the RA of Veillonellaceae, Prevotellaceae, and Lachnospiraceae when compared to PC. The EP tended to reduce the RA of Streptococcaceae (P = 0.073) and Corynebacteriaceae (P = 0.074) when compared to PC. The PC increased (P < 0.05) occludin and tended to increase (P = 0.096) toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) when compared to NC. The PC decreased (P < 0.05) average daily gain and average daily feed intake when compared to NC in days 7 to 28. The PC increased FS (P < 0.05) compared to the HP and EP days 7 to 11. The HP and EP decreased (P < 0.05) FS when compared to PC during days 7 to 11 and days 7 to 18. In conclusion, F18+E. coli challenge disrupted the jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota, increased TLR4 expression and FS, and consequently reduced GP. Both HP and EP phytobiotics supported intestinal morphology during the challenge to F18+E. coli by supporting enterocyte maturation. The HP and EP treatments exhibited antimicrobial-like effects by altering the jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota and reduced FS during the first 2 weeks post-challenge. The HP treatment showed potential antioxidant effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11897891/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143065741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}