Journal of animal science最新文献

{"title":"The effects of rosmarinic acid and antibiotics on the intestinal morphology, function, and cecal microbiota of broiler chickens","authors":"Xuedong Ding, Jing Wang, Weiyun Zhu","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf323","url":null,"abstract":"Lay Summary Although rosmarinic acid (RA) and antibiotics (Abx) have been widely used in animal production as the growth promoters, their effects on intestinal development remain unclear. This study systematically evaluated the impacts of RA and Abx on the intestinal morphology, function, and cecal microbiota in broilers. The results showed that both RA and Abx supplementation promoted growth and improved the nutrient absorption and barrier function. However, Abx caused negative effects including reduced jejunal and ileal lengths, impaired immune organs, suppressed ileal immunoglobulins, reduced short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations, and promoted drug-resistant bacterial proliferation. RA supplementation demonstrated superior beneficial effects by enhancing intestinal morphology, enriching cecal beneficial bacteria, and elevating SCFAs production.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145089527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activity and behavior patterns of cattle, horses and sheep grazing in mountainous areas using geolocation collars","authors":"Roger Vidal-Cardos, Emma Fàbrega, Antoni Dalmau","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf318","url":null,"abstract":"The sustainability of livestock extensive systems is compromised. It is necessary to enhance our understanding of the activity and grazing behavior of different livestock species (cows, horses and sheep) sharing the same mountainous areas. Nowadays, the observation and analysis of animal activity is greatly facilitated by remote tracking technology, especially in zones with difficult access. In this article, we proved that commercial geolocation collars can provide meaningful data on animal activity, behavior and distribution, which can be used to model daily distances, activity patterns, grazing behavior, daily home range and herd dispersal. Results revealed significant differences in activity between species, influenced by the season, altitude and shepherding practices. Sheep traveled longer daily distances (2.85 km/d) and grazed at higher altitudes than cattle (1.68 km/d) and horses (1.65 km/d), aligning with their specific dietary requirements. Seasonal transhumance and summer conditions also influenced grazing patterns, with peak activity in June and higher altitudes in summer. Cows exhibited a bi-modal daily activity pattern, while horses and sheep grazed more consistently throughout the day. Herd dispersal varied by species and season, with cows and horses less dispersed early in the grazing season due to abundant resources. Weather had minimal daily impact, though drier springs in 2022 and 2023 led to increased distances and home range sizes across all species, reflecting stress to find food. Individual variability accounted for much of the observed differences, underscoring the importance of considering individual-specific behaviors in grazing management. These findings highlight the need for species and herd customized strategies to promote sustainable livestock management in mountainous rangelands.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145089528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kuku8CRISPR/Cas9-mediated TOP1 knockout in Chicken DF-1 cells reveals its critical role in apoptosis regulation and genomic stability","authors":"Xiaoqian Lv, Qiang Wei, Qiong Zhi, Xin Liu, Fan Li, Yingjie Niu, Hongyan Sun, Kai Jin, Guo hong Chen, Bichun Li, Qisheng Zuo","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf315","url":null,"abstract":"Lay Summary Chick culling in poultry farming raises ethical and sustainability concerns, driving the need for humane sex-control technologies. This study used CRISPR/Cas9 to knockout the Topoisomerase I (TOP1) gene in chicken cells, discovering that TOP1 loss induces DNA damage and cell death. While not a direct sex-control method, these findings identify TOP1 as a potential target to selectively eliminate male-determining cells by using the principle of synthetic lethality. The research lays groundwork for a future approach: integrating TOP1-editing components into chicken chromosomes to generate single-sex offspring (only hens or rooster), reducing culling needs. By addressing the root problem of sex-based culling, this work advances a sustainable, ethical strategy for poultry production, providing critical insights for developing targeted gene-editing solutions in birds.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"190 7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145089572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On-top arginine supplementation during lactation affects milk composition, performance and intestinal bacterial and viral microbial community of sows and their piglets","authors":"Luise Diana, Colitti Barbara, Correa Federico, Simongiovanni Aude, Bertolotti Luigi, Paolo Trevisi","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf319","url":null,"abstract":"Early gut microbiome colonization is crucial for gut physiology, immunity, and growth. It is influenced by factors like the maternal microbiome, which can be modified through diet, including amino acids (AAs) supplementation. Among AAs, arginine (Arg) is known to play a key role in lactating sows, which has attracted increased interest recently. The aim of this study was to investigate whether dietary supplementation of lactating sows with on-top Arg (22 g/d/sow) could influence the productive performance and milk of sows and their litters and their gut microbial community, including both viruses and bacteria. 32 sows were divided into 2 groups balanced for parity and body weight: 1) control (CO) (fed corn-based diet); 2) CO + 22.5 g/d/sow of on-top Arg (ARG). Diets were fed from 4 days before farrowing (d-4) to weaning (d27). Piglets were weighed at d0, d7, d14, d27, d34 and d41. Colostrum and milk were sampled at farrowing, d10 and d20 from proximal and immunoglobulin composition. Fecal and cecal samples were collected at d27 from sows and piglets (8 piglets/group) respectively. Arg increased the lactose content of milk collected at d20 (P = 0.05), favored the average daily gain of piglets from d0 to d41 (P = 0.04) and tended to reduce their mortality (P = 0.08). The gut microbiome of sows and piglets differed significantly in terms of bacterial and viral communities (beta diversity, P < 0.05). Bacteriophage composition differed markedly between sows and piglets, with higher Petitvirales in sows and Caudovirales in piglets (P < 0.01). Caudovirales positively correlated with Subdoligranulum, Ruminococcus, Romboutsia, and Marvinbryantia (r > 0.5; P < 0.05), which were also more abundant in piglets (P < 0.05). Arg did not affect the fecal microbial community of sows, whereas it increased the alpha diversity of the cecal bacterial (Shannon, P = 0.08) and viral (Shannon, P < 0.01) community of piglets. Piglets from ARG dams had a higher abundance of Collinsella (LDA score = 4.16, P.adj = 0.05) and Cremvirales (P = 0.09) and an absence of Piccovirales (P = 0.07). In conclusion, the present study confirms the interest of Arg for lactating sows to promote piglet growth and intestinal eubiosis. The study shows that Arg administration can indirectly modify the microbiota profile of piglets at weaning. Finally, the results obtained between the viral and bacterial communities highlight the strong interplay between them, likely mediated by bacteriophages, warranting further investigation.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145089529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production responses of dairy cows to precision feeding based on historical performance during short-term changes in supplementation","authors":"V C Souza, C B Gleason, T P Price, B R dos Reis, S Sujani, T C Davis, D M Liebe, K M Daniels, R R White","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf317","url":null,"abstract":"Lay Summary Precision feeding in dairy farming is a promising approach to improve efficiency by tailoring cow diets to individual needs. In this study, we evaluated how individual dairy cows respond to different dietary supplements over short periods and tested two precision feeding methods that used cows' past performance to predict the best supplement choice. Twenty-four lactating cows were given different high-protein or energy-rich supplements, or no supplement, to determine the effect on their feed intake and milk production. Then, two precision feeding strategies were used to assign supplements: one based on the average past response of each cow, and the other based on changes in their performance over time. During the training phase, cows that received energy and/or protein supplements ate more and produced more milk than cows on the control diet, but they were less efficient in converting feed into milk. During the algorithm testing phase, no improvements in DMI, MY, or FE were observed for either of the two algorithms tested. Importantly, the precision-fed cows did not earn more revenue or reduce feed costs compared to those on a conventional diet. These findings suggest that simple precision feeding, based on short-term past performance, may not be a reliable method for improving productivity or profit. More advanced tools may be needed to realize the potential of individualized feeding in dairy production fully.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145089573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactive effects among fiber and fat sources on energy and fat digestion in 53 to 74-kg pigs","authors":"A L Petry, B J Kerr","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf324","url":null,"abstract":"Lay Summary Increasing dietary fiber reduces fat digestion, a reduction of which is affected more by feedstuffs with a high degree of insolubility (ie, dried distillers grains with solubles, DDGS or soybean hulls, SH) compared to those with a high degree of solubility (ie, sugar beet pulp, BP). In addition, the reduction in fat digestion due to fiber addition is impaired more if it is a saturated fat (e.g., tallow) compared to an unsaturated oil (e.g., soybean oil). Apparent total tract digestibility of energy was improved by supplementing tallow to the low fiber diet (a corn-soybean meal-based diet, CSBM), had little effect when added to the insoluble fiber diets (ie, DDGS or SH), but had a negative effect when supplemented to the soluble fiber diet (ie, BP). In contrast, the increase in apparent total tract digestibility of energy due to supplementing the CSBM-, DDGS-, and SH-based diets with soybean oil increased except for pigs fed BP, where the increase in energy digestibility was muted.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145089578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic Study for Pregnancy Loss in Brahman Cattle","authors":"Sabrina T Amorim, Nedenia Bonvino Stafuzza, Daniel Cardona Cifuentes, João G N Moraes, Barbara Roqueto dos Reis, Riley Messmann, Luis Camaripano, Fernando Baldi","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf326","url":null,"abstract":"Lay Summary Pregnancy loss (PL) is a major contributor to reproductive inefficiency in beef cattle operations and carries significant economic implications for producers. Although management and environmental factors are known to influence pregnancy maintenance, the genetic factors contributing to PL remain poorly understood, particularly in Bos indicus-influenced breeds. We identified genomic regions and candidate genes associated with PL using genomic and phenotypic data from a Brahman population. Our results revealed several genomic regions potentially involved in reproductive processes essential for pregnancy maintenance. The identified candidate genes are associated with biological functions such as embryo development, immune response, and hormonal regulation—all of which play critical roles during early gestation. By identifying animals with a lower genetic risk of PL, producers may improve calving rates and enhance overall herd productivity through more informed selection and breeding decisions.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145089579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive High-Distance RGB Imaging for Accurate Dairy Cow Feed Intake Estimation1.","authors":"X N Niu,L Y Zhou,Y X Du,W J Hu,Y Zhang,L F Li,M C Li","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf247","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes a method for estimating the total feeding amount in the feeding area of dairy cows based on Red-Green-Blue (RGB) images, with the aim of providing ranch management with a cost-effective and efficient intelligent measurement solution. The method utilizes a stereo camera mounted at a height of 2.95 meters to capture RGB images of different feed piles, constructing a dedicated differential image dataset. In order to effectively exclude the interference of background factors in the feeding scene, we used the U2-Net network to segment these images. Furthermore, we innovatively integrate the self-attention mechanism and multi-scale fusion techniques with ResNet, designing and implementing a deep learning model for estimating the total feeding amount within the camera's field of view. The experimental results show that, within the 0-10kg range, the proposed method achieves the mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.3487kg and the root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.4456kg, outperforming commonly used methods in real-world scenarios.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145089779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of central composite design and factorial arrangement to evaluate the interaction between net energy, soybean meal, and standardized ileal digestible lysine content of diets fed to pigs from 11 to 25 kilograms.","authors":"Hilario M Cordoba,Mike D Tokach,Jason C Woodworth,Katelyn N Gaffield,Robert D Goodband,Joel M DeRouchey,Jordan T Gebhardt,Henrique S Cemin,Jose A Soto","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf316","url":null,"abstract":"Two studies compared a central composite design (CCD) and a factorial arrangement of treatments to evaluate the effects of dietary net energy (NE), soybean meal (SBM), and standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys on growth performance of 11 to 25 kg pigs. Experiment 1 used 4,681 pigs (PIC 337 × 1050; initially 13.0 kg) in a CCD with approximately 35 pigs per pen and 7 blocks, each comprising 19 pens: 8 factorial points, 6 axial points, and a central point replicated five times. Eight diets were formulated to various NE, SBM, and SID Lys concentrations then blended to create the 15 dietary treatments. Net energy ranged from 2,334 to 2,762 kcal/kg, SBM from 25.5 to 35.9%, and SID Lys from 1.08 to 1.52%. Increasing SID Lys quadratically increased (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F. Increasing SBM linearly increased (P < 0.05) ADG and G:F. Increasing NE decreased (linear, P < 0.10) ADG due to a reduction in the Lys:NE ratio as NE increased. A SBM × SID Lys interaction (P = 0.082) was observed for G:F, where SID Lys increased G:F with increasing SBM due to decreasing the Lys:CP ratio. In Exp. 2, there were 4,336 pigs (PIC 337 × 1050; initially 10.6 kg) with approximately 34 pigs per pen and 8 pens per treatment arranged in a 2 × 2 × 4 factorial. Eight diets with various NE, SBM, and SID Lys levels were blended to create the 16 dietary treatments. Main effects included NE (2,425 or 2,676 kcal/kg), SBM (25.5 or 33.5% of the diet), and SID Lys (1.08, 1.20, 1.31, or 1.43%). There was a tendency (P = 0.063) for 3-way interaction for ADG driven by the linear increase (P < 0.001) in ADG as SID Lys increased in diets containing 2,627 kcal NE/kg and 33.5% SBM compared to diets at lower SBM and NE with a higher Lys:NE ratio. A 3-way interaction (linear, P = 0.023) was observed for G:F. Increasing SBM increased G:F to a greater extent in low energy diets than in high energy diets. Increasing SID Lys resulted in a greater response in high energy diets than in low energy diets. Diets containing low SID Lys and NE but high SBM increased G:F compared with low SID Lys, NE, and SBM also contributing to the interaction. Data from Exp. 1 predicted results for almost all variables from Exp. 2 within ± 3% of the observed values. In conclusion, a CCD can provide similar estimates of pig growth performance as a factorial arrangement. In addition, both experiments showed the impact of not maintaining Lys:NE ratios when increasing NE and the benefit in G:F when increasing SBM in the diet.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145089780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Omega-3 supplement alters water consumption and plasma fatty acid profile of beef heifers.","authors":"Kendal L Green,Madison R Kovarna,Ethan R Schlegel,Cody L Wright,Ana Clara B Menezes,Zachary K Smith,Jessica N Drum","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf312","url":null,"abstract":"Flaxseed oil contains elevated levels of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA), which have been shown to impact reproductive performance. This study aimed to determine the effects of a flaxseed oil-based supplement on reproductive parameters, feeding behavior, and lipid profile in beef heifers. Sixty Angus and Simmental × Angus heifers (14 months old ± 2 months), blocked by full body weight (BW; 396.79 ± 33.78 kg) ± SD and antral follicle count, were randomly assigned to one of two ad libitum supplementation treatments: a commercial loose mineral supplement (CON; n = 30) or flaxseed oil-based supplement (FLAX; n = 30) for 8 weeks. Heifers were individually fed by an automated feeding system where basal diet (TMR), a mix of corn silage, grass hay, and DDGS as offered ad libitum. Water and supplements were provided in separate feeders to measure intake and were compiled over 24 hours for each animal by the Insentec system. On week 5, heifers were enrolled in a fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocol. The presence of a corpus luteum (CL) was recorded weekly, as well as the largest follicle diameter (LFD) and CL presence on days of the FTAI protocol (D0, D7, and D9). Puberty attainment was determined when a CL could be visualized by ultrasound and/or the blood sample contained concentrations of P4 above the threshold level of 1 ng/mL. Pregnancy diagnosis [P/AI; % (n)] was performed at ∼30d and ∼60d following AI. Plasma samples were collected once weekly and on days 0, 7 and 9 of the FTAI protocol for circulating progesterone (P4), estradiol (E2), and fatty acid (FA) profiles. Water intake in kilograms per day (kg/d) was lower in FLAX while TMR intake (kg/d) tended (P = 0.08) to be greater in FLAX compared to CON. Additionally, puberty tended to be attained faster (P = 0.10), and P4 on D9 tended to be lower (P = 0.09) for FLAX heifers. Concentrations of α-linolenic (ALA), and linoleic (LA) acids was greater in FLAX (P < 0.03). In addition, eicosapentaenoic (EPA), arachidonic (AA), and total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) tended to be greater for heifers in the FLAX group (P > 0.07). In conclusion, supplementation of n-3 FA caused lower water intake, higher plasma FA, and a tendency for faster puberty attainment. In conjunction, these findings offer data to support the use of a flaxseed oil-based supplement as a positive supplementation strategy for beef heifers to induce an optimal endocrine environment and potentially anticipate puberty.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145025855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}