Journal of animal science最新文献

{"title":"PSIII-17 Evaluating calcium administration protocols around farrowing on sow performance","authors":"Abigail K Jenkins, Sierra M Collier, Sara Virdis, Olivia Cataldo, Michael D Tokach, Joel M DeRouchey, Jason C Woodworth, Katelyn N Gaffield, Jordan T Gebhardt, Robert D Goodband, Kyle Coble, Paul Corns, Jimmy Karl, Tag Bradley, Erick Barrera, Isis Arteaga, Jose A Soto, Andrew Bents","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf102.331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf102.331","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 933 mixed-parity sows (Line 1050, PIC) and their litters were used to evaluate the effect of calcium administration protocols around farrowing on sow performance. Sows were blocked by parity category and past stillbirth record then allotted to 1 of 3 treatments with 310-312 replications per treatment. Treatments included: 1) Control in which sows received no intervention; 2) calcium chloride feed top-dress (CaCl; TRIAD, Alltech, Inc., Nicholasville, KY) provided daily at the morning feeding from the time of entry (approximately d 112) until the sow farrowed; or 3) calcium gluconate injection (CaG; VetOne; Boise, ID) where multiparous and primiparous sows received a 20 or 15 mL injection, respectively, if a sow had more than 16 piglets, longer than 1 h since the birth of the last piglet, she had 2 or more stillbirths, or farrowing duration exceeded 4 h. On a subset of females (n=74/treatment), farrowing duration, sow blood metabolite analysis, sow urine pH, and piglet blood immunocrit were analyzed. Sow blood, sow urine, and piglet blood were collected within 4, 6, and 24 h of the end of farrowing. Multiparous females were categorized into past average stillbirth groups of < 0.5, ≥0.5 and ≤1, or >1. Females were categorized in parity groups of P1 (n=194), P2-P4 (n=489), or P5+ (n=250). Parity category, treatment, and their interaction were included as fixed effects while stillbirth category was a random effect in the model. There were no differences in total born, percentage born alive, or percentage stillbirths between treatments. Parity 5+ sows had reduced percentage of pigs born alive due to increased percentage stillbirth (P< 0.05) compared to other parity categories. There was an interaction between farrowing calcium protocol and parity category for birth to cross foster mortality (P=0.035) where mortality was lowest in P1 Control sows (P< 0.05) compared to all other combinations of TRT × parity category except for P1 CaG sows which were intermediate. Parity 1 sows had decreased birth to cross foster mortality (P< 0.05) when compared to other parity categories. Sows fed CaCl had increased blood Cl and ionized Ca (P< 0.05) compared to Control or CaG sows. Parity 5+ sows had decreased ionized blood Ca (P< 0.05) when compared to other parity categories. Sows injected with CaG had increased blood glucose levels (P< 0.05) compared to Control sows with sows fed CaCl intermediate. Sows provided CaCl and CaG had decreased urine pH (P< 0.05) compared to Control sows. There was a tendency for a farrowing Ca protocol effect on piglet immunocrit (P=0.068) where offspring from CaG sows had numerically higher immunocrit ratios. In conclusion, topdressing CaCl before farrowing or administering CaG injections peripartum altered sow metabolites during farrowing but did not influence farrowing performance.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"83 Body weight from birth to 260 days of age for pigs with functional deletions in growth hormone receptor (GHR) promoters created using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing","authors":"Alicia N Denton, Caroline G Lucas, Timothy J Safranski, Randall S Prather, Kevin D Wells, Diana Canaveral Restrepo, Matthew C Lucy","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf102.215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf102.215","url":null,"abstract":"Growth hormone controls animal growth, lactation, and reproduction. The actions of GH are dependent on the GHR. Two promoter complexes control GHR expression. The GHRP1 controls the liver-specific inducible expression of the GHR1A mRNA. The GHRP2 controls the non-tissue specific constitutive expression of GHR1B mRNA. The objective was to test the functional significance [effect on body weight (BW)] of each GHR promoter by using genetically modified pigs. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to delete GHRP1 and GHRP2 in fetal fibroblasts that were cloned to create two independent lines for each promoter deletion. Adults that were heterozygous (HET) for the GHRP1 or GHRP2 deletions were mated to create litters of +/+ (wildtype, WT), +/- (HET), and -/- (knockout, KO) pigs for the respective promoters. Offspring were weighed at birth and weaning (d21) and at 50, 80, 110, 140, 170, 200, 230 and 260 d of age. There were 4 litters from HET-HET matings for the GHRP1 deletion. Litters were weighed from birth to weaning (n=1), birth to d110 (n=1) or birth to d260 (n=2). The number of BW observations for d0 and d21 was 7, 11, and 8; for d50 to 110 was 5, 7, and 5; and for d140 to d260 was 3, 5, and 2 (WT, HET and KO, respectively). There was no effect (P >0.10) of GHRP1 genotype on birth weight (1.5±0.1, 1.4±0.1, and 1.4±0.1 kg), weaning weight (5.2±0.6, 5.9±0.5, and 4.7±0.5 kg), or subsequent BW including d260 (135.6±10.8, 143.4±6.2, and 138.1±9.1 kg) (WT, HET, and KO, respectively). There were 5 litters from HET-HET matings for GHRP2 deletion. Litters were weighed from birth to weaning (n=1), birth to d80 (n=2) or birth to d260 (n=2). The number of BW observations for d0 and d21 was 11, 22, and 16; for d50 and d80 was 9, 16, and 13; and for d110 to d260 was 2, 6, and 9 (WT, HET and KO, respectively). The BW for WT and HET were similar (P >0.10) across all days. There was an effect (P< 0.001) of GHRP2 genotype on birth weight (1.6±0.1, 1.4±0.1, and 1.1±0.1 kg), weaning weight (6.6±0.3, 6.2±0.2, and 4.6±0.2 kg), and all subsequent body weights including d260 (123.1±8.2, 123.4±4.8, and 71.4±3.9 kg) (WT, HET, and KO, respectively). The BW for GHRP2 KO relative to WT (expressed as a percentage) differed (P< 0.001) by age (80.4±3.7, 75.0±3.7, 43.0±4.2, 35.8±4.2, 38.7±7.5, 40.4±5.0, 51.3±5.0, 54.1±5.0, 54.6±5.0, and 57.7±5.0% for d1, 21, 50, 80, 110, 140, 170, 200, 230, and 260, respectively). In conclusion, the GHRP1 deletion had no effect on growth. GHRP2 deletion had a profound effect on growth, the magnitude of which differed across different ages perhaps explained by developmental changes in GHR expression. Work supported by USDA NIFA 2019-67015-29484.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"141 Effect of benzoic acid, myristic acid, and Aspergillus Niger on the metabolizable energy and nitrogen retention of corn, soybean meal and DDGS-based diets fed to growing-finishing pigs","authors":"Diego A Lopez Diaz, Charles R Stark, Chad B Paulk","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf102.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf102.157","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to determine the effect of benzoic acid, myristic acid, and Aspergillus niger on the concentration of digestible (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) and nitrogen retention of commercial diets fed to growing pigs. A total of 10 growing barrows (initial BW: 34.1 ± 1.03 kg) were allotted to a replicated 5 × 5 Latin square design with 5 treatments and 5 periods for a total of 10 replicate pigs per treatment. Treatments consist of a negative control basal corn-soybean meal, wheat middlings and DDGS-based diet, a positive control corn-soybean meal-based diet, and three additional diets manufactured by adding either benzoic acid, myristic acid, or aspergillus niger to the negative control diet. Pigs were individually housed in metabolic crates equipped with a feeder, drinker, and partial wire mesh floor. During each period, pigs were fed one of the dietary treatments for a 5-d adaptation period and a 5-day collection period. Fecal and urine samples were collected separately and properly stored at the end of each collection period. Diet, ingredient, fecal, and urine samples were analyzed for gross energy, N, and DM and the concentrations of DE and ME, and the nitrogen retention were calculated. The concentration of DE was greatest (P < 0.05) in the positive control diet compared to the negative control diets with or without feed additives. The negative control diet containing myristic acid had a greater (P < 0.05) concentration of DE compared to the negative control diet. There was a tendency (P < 0.15) for the benzoic acid, and aspergillus niger diets to have a greater DE concentration than the negative control diet. The concentration of ME was the greatest (P < 0.05) in the positive control diet when compared to the negative control diet with and without the feed additives. Diets containing myristic acid and benzoic acid tended (P < 0.15) to have a greater concentration of ME compared to the negative control diet with diets containing aspergillus niger being intermediate. There was a tendency of greater (P < 0.15) concentrations of ME in diets containing added myristic acid and benzoic acid compared to the negative control diet. Pigs fed the positive control diet had the greatest (P < 0.05) N retention as percentage of intake and N digestibility. However, no evidence of differences between the negative control and the diets containing benzoic acid, myristic acid, and aspergillus niger were observed. This data suggests that the inclusion of myristic acid and benzoic acid has the potential to increase the concentration of ME in commercial diets with high concentrations of fiber without impacting N retention.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short Communication: Imputation accuracy of host genomic data from metagenomic sequence information","authors":"Andrew D Lakamp, Alison C Neujahr, Samodha C Fernando, Warren M Snelling, Matthew L Spangler","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf175","url":null,"abstract":"Metagenomic sequencing is the process of extracting all the genomic information from a given sample. Most metagenomic studies remove any host reads as a matter of course. However, host reads can be used as the basis for genotype imputation to obtain whole genomic sequences. The accuracy of these imputed genotypic calls from a bovine ocular sample was determined by comparing results to those from a commercial array. Overall, imputed genotype calls proved to have a high concordance with array genotype calls (average concordance of 83% and correlation of 0.81 with no filtering). Accuracy increased as filters for host read depth and imputed call confidence were implemented. With filters in place the average percent concordance was 98% (88 – 99%) while the mean correlation was 0.98 (0.89-0.99). Further, identity verification of the metagenomic samples can be carried out if the host is genotyped on another platform.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144083173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes of fecal microbiota with supplementation of Acremonium terricola culture and yeast culture in ewes during lactation","authors":"Meng`en Zhang, Anguo Zhang, Rui Han, Chao Xu, Naifeng Zhang, Xichun Jiang, Shiqin Wang","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf174","url":null,"abstract":"Ruminant physiology and nutrition undergo significant changes during lactation. This study aimed to investigate alterations in gut microbiota throughout lactation and examined the impact of supplementation with Acremonium terricola culture (ATC) and yeast culture (YC) on the gut microbiota of lactating ewes. Forty-five healthy Hu sheep ewes in late pregnancy (approximately 80 days of gestation) were randomly assigned to three groups. The control group (CON) was fed a basic diet, while the experimental groups received the same diet plus an extra 9 g/d of ATC (ATC) or 20 g/d of YC (YC). A total of 108 fecal microbial samples were collected from ewes at 1, 7, 30, and 45 days postpartum respectively. The samples were subjected to microbial sequencing utilizing the Illumina MiSeq-PE300 platform. The results indicated that the diversity of the fecal microbiota exhibited a pattern of initial increase, followed by a decrease, and then stabilization after parturition. The highest diversity of the microbiota was observed on the 7th day postpartum in the ewes. Supplementation with YC improved the fecal microbiota structure in lactating ewes, reduced the fecal alpha index, increased Firmicutes abundance, and decreased potentially harmful Spirochaetota bacteria (P < 0.05). Additionally, the inclusion of ATC and YC positively affected the relative abundance of specific bacterial genera, such as the Eubacterium coprostanoligenes group, Clostridia UCG-014, and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group (P < 0.05). The outcomes of the functional prediction analysis indicated that ATC and YC predominantly influence health status and bodily metabolism through their involvement in metabolic processes and the processing of genetic information. This includes reducing the biosynthesis and metabolism of lipopolysaccharides, enhancing key metabolic pathways, such as amino acids, and improving nicotinic acid/niacinamide metabolism (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the critical window for modulating the gut microbiota of lactating ewes is within the first 7 days postpartum. Supplementation with ATC and YC can adjust fecal microbial structure and function, positively impacting overall health. YC is more effective than ATC in these aspects. These results offer new insights into the regulation of intestinal microbiota during lactation and help identify the optimal timing for such interventions.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"179 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144083146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Galyean appreciation club review: knowledge gaps in the nutrition of grazing beef cattle","authors":"Joel S Caton, David L Lalman, Luis O Tedeschi","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf172","url":null,"abstract":"Feeding the increasing world population is a grand challenge for animal agriculture. Ruminants in general, and beef cattle specifically, fill a unique role in addressing this challenge as they convert large quantities of forage-based feed resources, which are inedible by humans, into high-quality, nutrient food products for human consumption. In North American beef cattle production systems, grazed forage represents a large portion of whole herd dietary intake. In fact, within the United States, approximately 57% of the feed energy required to produce 1 kg of beef carcass weight is derived from grazing systems, and another 19% of feed energy is provided by harvested forage sources. Nutritional management of grazing beef herds is a critical component of efficient and effective production systems. Understanding nutrient supply and demand fosters more precise approaches to strategic supplementation practices. Limited source data from grazing beef cattle constrains modeling approaches of nutrient supply and demand and consequently limits our ability to nutritionally manage grazing beef cattle. Reviewing the available data exposes numerous knowledge gaps in the nutrition of grazing beef cattle. Needs include more robust source data collection and data collection technologies in the specific areas of intake, macro and micronutrient supply and demand, and nutrient demands associated with environmental extreems and physical activity. Additionally, more accurate and precise mathematical models in the area of intake, energy, protein, and micronutrient supply and demand. In addition, coupling investigations of grazing livestock nutrition with behavior, climate, land use, socioeconomic, and sustainability needs will foster a more holistic understanding of the importance of accurately assessing and managing grazing cattle nutrition. Extensive opportunities exist to improve grazing livestock nutrition and consequently enhanced sustainable capture of grazed forage nutrients and improved beef cattle production from grazing lands; however, limited funding streams to support these research efforts limits progress.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"141 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing the Seminal Microbiota in Mature Rams Managed on Divergent Planes of Nutrition, and Their Male Offspring","authors":"Justine Kilama, Devin B Holman, Kerri A Bochantin-Winders, Jennifer L Hurlbert, Friederike Baumgaertner, Christopher S Schauer, Carl R Dahlen, Samat Amat","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf171","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence suggests that there is a rich and diverse microbial community present in the semen of mammals which may be important in reproductive health and fertility. However, the composition of ram seminal microbiota remains under characterized, with factors shaping it largely unknown. The objectives of this study were to : 1) characterize the seminal microbiota of mature rams and their ram lambs using 16S rRNA gene sequencing; 2) evaluate whether managing the mature rams on divergent planes of nutrition can influence their seminal microbiota and that of their male offspring; and 3) compare the seminal microbiota between mature rams and ram lamb cohorts to identify age-related microbiota characteristics. For this, mature rams (n = 24) were assigned to one of the three nutritional planes: 1) Positive (POS), to gain 12% of body weight (BW) (n = 8), 2) maintenance (MAINT), to maintain BW (n = 8), and 3) negative (NEG), to lose 12% BW (n = 8) over an 84-d period. Semen samples were collected from the mature rams (F0) after 28-d, 56-d, and 84-d from the start of the trial. Following the 84-d period, the 24 rams were used to breed 240 mature ewes over 28-d. After lambing, the ram lambs (F1) sired by POS, MAINT and NEG rams were maintained on the same diet until 11 months of age at which semen samples were collected. Genomic DNA was extracted from the semen and the microbiota analyzed using 16S rRNA gene (V3-V4) sequencing. Overall, there was a relatively diverse and dynamic bacterial microbial community in the ram semen, which was mainly comprised of Actinobacteriota, Bacillota, Bacteroidota, and Proteobacteria phyla. The predominant genera identified included Fastidiosipila, Corynebacterium, Trueperella, Arthrobacter, Dietzia, and Bifidobacterium. The seminal microbial community structure, composition and alpha diversity of F0 rams was influenced by diet during the first 28-d, but these diet influences later diminished. The paternal plane of nutrition did not influence the seminal microbiota of offspring ram lambs. The mature rams and ram lambs had distinct seminal microbiota, with young rams showing greater microbial richness and diversity (P < 0.005). Our results suggest that there is a relatively diverse, and dynamic microbial community present in the semen of both mature rams and ram lambs, and that this microbiota is transiently influenced by diet and age. Managing rams on divergent planes of nutrition may not affect their offspring’s seminal microbiota.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144065984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ruminant Nutrition Symposium: Novel microbial solutions to optimize production efficiency in beef and dairy systems","authors":"Bruno I Cappellozza, Reinaldo F Cooke, Rafael C Amaral, Alex Bach, Terry E Engle, Luiz F Ferraretto, Rodrigo S Marques, Alexandra C Miller, Philipe Moriel, João M B Vendramini","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf165","url":null,"abstract":"The livestock industry is in search of sustainable technologies that enhance profitability and sustainability of food animal production. Among these technologies, microbial solutions include living bacteria that may support soil, plant, and animal health. Bacterial inoculants have been the most used additives to modulate whole-plant corn silage fermentation, including homo- and heterofermentative bacteria. Bacterial inoculants can improve fermentation characteristics of grass silage, whereas the wide variation in chemical composition and management practices across cool- and warm-season grasses makes the outcome of inoculation less predictable. Tailored recommendations for bacterial inoculant species and strains, based on species and management practices are necessary to increase the predictability of silage inoculation, including whole-plant corn and grass silage. Microbial solutions are also used as feed additives for beef and dairy cattle, including Bacillus-based direct-fed microbials (DFM). Recent advancements in Bacillus-based DFM supplementation have shown promise for enhancing cow-calf productivity through improved gut health, immune function, and nutrient metabolism. Incorporating Bacillus-based DFM into stocker and feedlot receiving programs can improve feed intake and digestibility, health, and productivity of high-risk cattle. Bacillus-based DFM have also been used in feedlot diets to address public concerns with antimicrobial resistance, but also to improve cattle performance and reduce the incidence of diseases. Multispecies bacterial-based DFM are promising alternatives to counteract the potentially adverse effects of Salmonella, as these DFM supported the integrity of the intestinal epithelial cells under in vitro settings. In dairy cattle, most DFM-related research in mature cows has targeted improvements in rumen fermentation and enterocyte health. In general, improvements in milk production due to supplementation of bacteria-based DFM seem to be more consistent than those obtained with yeast-based DFM. Collectively, microbial solutions have the potential to optimize silage quality, enhance feed intake and digestibility by ruminants, support cattle health and performance, while fostering sustainable practices in beef and dairy production systems.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"141 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143980025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of increasing doses of red yeast rice polyphenol extract on apparent digestibility, antioxidant activity, milk production and fatty acid in lactating dairy goats.","authors":"Qi Lu,Xingzhou Tian,Rui Chen,Jixiao Qin,Xu Wang,Shuanglong Xie,Yiqing Xu","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf167","url":null,"abstract":"The effects on the apparent digestibility, antioxidant activity, milk production, component, and fatty acid (FA) profiles were evaluated in dairy goats fed a varying red yeast rice polyphenol extract (RYRE) content. Thirty-two dairy goats were randomly allocated into four treatments. The goats were fed a basal diet (CON) or a diet supplemented with 1, 2, or 3 g/kg of RYRE. The results indicated that apparent digestibility of neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre were significantly affected by treatments, and increased linearly and quadratically with increasing RYRE supplementation (P < 0.05). The total antioxidant capacity, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase increased quadratically and that the malondialdehyde concentration decreased quadratically with increasing RYRE content (P < 0.05). The milk production parameters and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) increased linearly and quadratically (P < 0.05) with increasing RYRE supplementation. The L* value and n6/n3 ratio decreased linearly and quadratically, and the a* value and milk lactose increased quadratically with increasing RYRE supplementation (P < 0.05). The total volatile fatty acid and propionic acid increased quadratically, whereas the acetic acid and acetate:propionate ratio decreased quadratically with increasing RYRE supplementation. Overall, diets supplemented with RYRE enhance apparent digestibility, antioxidant activity, promote milk production, increase milk n-3 PUFAs, and improve rumen fermentation of lactating dairy goats, with the 2 g/kg RYRE treatment having the optimal effects under the conditions of this experiment.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143945558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The standardized ileal digestible lysine-to-net energy ratio in the diets of lactating primiparous sows to optimize maternal nitrogen retention is dynamic but does not impact piglet performance.","authors":"Nicole L Gregory,Lee-Anne Huber","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf168","url":null,"abstract":"Fifty-five primiparous sows were recruited to evaluate the effect of increasing standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys-to-net energy (NE) ratios on primiparous sow maternal nitrogen retention, milk nitrogen output, and piglet growth performance during each week of lactation. Sows were assigned to one of five diets with equally spaced and increasing SID Lys-to-NE ratios between 2.85 and 5.51 g SID Lys/Mcal NE. The intermediate ratios were achieved by blending the two extreme diets in varying proportions using a feeding system with feed blending capabilities and were provided to sows immediately after farrowing and until weaning (d 24 ± 1). Nitrogen (N) balances were conducted between days 4 and 7 (week 1), 12 and 15 (week 2), and 20 and 23 (week 3) with total urine and fecal grab sampling occurring during each N balance period. Linear (LBL) and quadratic broken-line and polynomial quadratic models were used to determine the optimum dietary Lys-to-NE ratios for maternal N retention in each week of lactation. The Bayesian information criterion was used to assess best fit. Dietary feeding program did not influence sow average daily feed intake in lactation, piglet average daily gain and body weight at weaning, or milk N output during any nitrogen balance period. Sows fed increasing SID Lys-to-NE ratios lost less body weight and backfat by the end of lactation (linear; P < 0.05). Sow N intake, N excretion, whole-body N retention (N intake - N excretion in urine and feces), and maternal N retention (whole-body N retention - milk N output) increased as dietary SID Lys-to NE ratio increased within each N balance period (linear; P < 0.05). The LBL model showed the optimal SID Lys-to-NE ratio for maternal N retention was out of the range of the dietary treatments for week one, but maternal N retention was optimized at 4.74 and 4.85 g SID Lys/Mcal NE in weeks two and three, respectively. Therefore, a dynamic SID Lys-to-NE ratio during each week of lactation could be implemented to enhance maternal N retention of primiparous sows.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143945559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}