Journal of animal science最新文献

{"title":"Breed and trace mineral source influence the performance of beef heifers during periods of nutrient restriction and grazing forage at early vegetative stage","authors":"Isabella R T Souza, Philipe Moriel, Taynara C dos Santos, André V de Miranda, Gabriel R R Monar, Maria E Rezende, Karolina V Z Augusto, Marco A F Porcionato, M Victoria Sanz-Fernandez, Izadora S Souza, Shea J Mackey, Reinaldo F Cooke, J M B Vendramini, Davi B Araujo, José L M Vasconcelos","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf019","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluated the effects of breed and mineral source on heifer performance during periods of nutrient restriction and grazing. On day -7, ½ Angus × ½ Nelore (ANE) and Nelore (NE) heifers (12 heifers per breed; body weight, BW = 264 ± 35 kg; age = 15 ± 1 mo) were assigned to individual drylot pens to receive ad libitum Tifton 85 (Cynodon sp.) hay and white salt for 7 days. On day 0, within each breed, heifers were randomly assigned (2 × 2 factorial arrangement) to receive protein supplementation (0.20% of BW; dry matter, DM) added with sulfate (SUL) or hydroxychloride (HYD) sources of Cu, Mn, and Zn from day 0 to 49. From day 0 to 34, hay DM intake was restricted to 50% of the ad libitum intake recorded from day -7 to -1. On day 35, heifers were transferred to individual pastures to graze Tifton 85 forage at early vegetative stage until day 49. No effects of breed × mineral source × day and breed × mineral source were detected (P ≥ 0.11). Nelore heifers had greater (P ≤ 0.02) average daily gain (ADG) from day 0 to 35 and day 0 to 49 compared to ANE heifers. Cumulative diarrhea incidence, fecal pH and total days of diarrhea symptoms did not differ (P ≥ 0.19) between breeds. Nelore heifers had greater (P ≤ 0.05) serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) from day 35 to 45 but had less (P ≤ 0.05) serum concentrations of cortisol and haptoglobin on day 42 and 45, respectively. Serum concentrations of urea N were greater (P ≤ 0.05) for NE vs. ANE heifers on days 0 and 42 and were less (P ≤ 0.05) for NE vs. ANE on days 38, 45 and 49. Heifers supplemented with HYD had (P ≤ 0.05) greater ADG from day 0 to 35, lower cumulative diarrhea incidence and percentage of heifers exhibiting ≥ 2 days of diarrhea from day 36 to 49, less serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) on day 35, and less serum concentrations of NEFA, cortisol and urea N on day 38 compared to SUL heifers. In summary, breed influenced serum concentrations of haptoglobin, cortisol, urea N, insulin and IGF-1, and the growth of beef heifers during nutrient restriction, but did not impact growth and incidence of diarrhea during periods of grazing forage at early vegetative stage. Regardless of breed, replacing sulfate with hydroxychloride sources of Cu, Mn, and Zn led to minimal reductions on serum concentrations of NEFA, cortisol and urea N, enhanced growth during nutrient restriction, and reduced diarrhea incidence during grazing of early vegetative forage.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of feeding thermally peroxidized lipids on the performance of growing pigs","authors":"Brian J Kerr, Victoria C Wilson, Junwei Zhang, Chi Chen","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf015","url":null,"abstract":"Feeding pigs lipids containing high levels of lipid oxidation products (LOP) has been shown to reduce growth performance, but data is lacking on quantitative relationships between LOP and pig growth, feed intake and feed efficiency. Four experiments (EXP) were conducted using soybean oil (SO) in EXP 1, 2, and 3, as well as SO, choice white grease (CWG) and palm oil (PO) in EXP 4, to evaluate the impact of feeding diets containing different amounts of LOP on pig performance. Lipid peroxidation was carried out using variable heating temperatures and durations to generate lipids with a broad range of peroxide (PV, mEq) and anisidine value (AnV, unitless). Lipids were added to the diets at 10, 10, 8, and 7.5% for EXP 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, with dietary PV and AnV calculated using lipid peroxidation concentrations of PV and AnV times the dietary lipid inclusion rate. Within each EXP, pig performance (6.2 – 13.4 kg, EXP 1, 13.5 – 23.7 kg, EXP 2; 20.3 – 36.9 kg, EXP 3; 29.6 – 44.1 kg, EXP 4) was affected differently depending on dietary PV and AnV concentrations. Using the control-fed pigs within each experiment as a baseline of 100%, correlations of pooled relative pig performance data (dependent variables of ADG, ADFI, and GF) from EXP 1, 2, 3, and 4 with their respective dietary LOP values (independent variables of dietary PV and AnV due their ability to be measured commercially) resulted in significant (P ≤ 0.01) regression equations for relative ADG [ADG, % = 101.2 - [(0.321 × PV) + (1.019 × AnV)], R² = 0.81], ADFI [ADFI, % = 100.8 - [(0.320 × PV) + (0.629 × AnV)], R² = 0.68], and GF [GF, % = 101.3 - [(0.016 × PV) + (0.525 × AnV)], R² = 0.70], albeit PV was not a significant regression coefficient in the GF model (P = 0.90). This data shows that the values of primary and secondary LOP (i.e., PV and AnV, respectively) could be effectively used in predicting the effect of feeding oxidized lipids on growth, feed intake and feed efficiency in growing pigs.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feeding nursery pigs diets containing peroxidized soybean oil has minimal effects on oxidative status but dramatically reduces serum vitamin E concentrations","authors":"Victoria C Wilson, Brian J Kerr","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf016","url":null,"abstract":"A subgroup of pigs from two experiments (EXP) were selected to evaluate the impact of pigs fed diets containing peroxidized soybean oil (SO) on plasma-based measures of oxidative stress and vitamin E. Pigs were fed diets containing SO that was either unprocessed (23 °C; peroxide value of 3 meq/kg and an anisidine value of 4) or thermally processed at 135 °C for 42 h (peroxide value of 30 meq/kg and an anisidine value of 501). The corn-soybean meal-based diets contained either 10% SO (EXP 1) or 8% SO (EXP 2). Pigs were fed the experimental diets for 22 d (EXP 1, 13.5 to 24.0 kg, 2 pigs/pen) or 27 d (EXP 2, 21.3 to 37.5 kg, 1 pig/pen), each with 10 replications per dietary treatment. Pigs fed diets containing the peroxidized SO had reduced ADG, ADFI, and GF compared to pigs fed diets containing the unheated SO (P ≤ 0.01). Pigs fed diets containing peroxidized SO had increased plasma concentrations of F2-isoprostanes and reactive oxygen metabolites compared to pigs fed diets containing unheated SO (P ≤ 0.01). In contrast, plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentrations tended to decrease in pigs fed diets containing peroxidized SO compared to pigs fed diets containing unheated SO (P = 0.10). There was no apparent effect of pigs consuming diets containing peroxidized SO on plasma antioxidant adsorbent capacity or an oxidative stress index (P ≥ 0.19). Pigs fed diets containing peroxidized SO resulted in a reduction in plasma vitamin E compared to pigs fed diets containing unheated SO (P ≤ 0.01). Results indicate that adding SO that has been thermally processed thereby containing high concentrations of aldehydes resulted in inconsistent changes of markers of oxidative stress, but dramatically reduced plasma vitamin E concentrations.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary phytosterols increased the rate of weight gain, antioxidant capacity and growth of beneficial strains of bacteria in the gut and suppressed the population of potentially pathogenic bacteria in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides).","authors":"Haisong Shi, Zhongchao Pan, Yufei Chen, Qinghui Ai, Paihuai Ouyang, Fenggang Sun, Kangyuan Qu, Yucheng Liu, Beiping Tan, Shiwei Xie","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study was to evaluate the effects of dietary adding of phytosterol (PS) on growth, antioxidant capacity, tissue morphology and gut microbiota of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). A total of 540 largemouth bass (13.75 ± 0.37g) were selected and randomly divided into six groups and fed with diets supplemented with 0, 0.01 %, 0.02 %, 0.03 %, 0.04 % and 0.05 % of PS (ontrol, PS1-PS5) for 56 d. The results showed that the rate of weight gain (WGR) and condition factor (CF) of largemouth bass increased significantly (P < 0.05) with the increasing PS addition levels. In addition, PS significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in serum compared to group C (P < 0.05), as well as increased relative expression of pituitary Insulin-like growth factor (igf1ra, igf1rb, and igf2r), hypothalamic growth hormone gh and insulin receptor ir, compared with group C (P < 0.05). Histopathological analysis showed that the addition of 0.04 % PS to the feed resulted in a tighter cellular arrangement and a significant reduction in vacuolisation in the liver of largemouth bass. It also significantly increased intestinal fold width and muscle wall thickness (P < 0.05). Analysis of the intestinal flora showed a significant decrease in the α-diversity of the flora in the PS4 group compared to the C group (P < 0.05). Notably, at the phylum level, the addition of PS to feed significantly reduced the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidota. At the genus level, PS significantly increased the relative abundance of Cetobacterium (P < 0.05). The addition of 0.04 % PS to the feed promotes growth, antioxidant capacity, improved tissue morphology and increased abundances of beneficial gut microbiotas in largemouth bass.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary inclusion of high Amylose cornstarch increased Lactobacillus and Terrisporobacter and decreased Streptococcus in the cecal digesta of weanling pigs","authors":"Michael O Wellington, Seidu Adams, Jung W Lee, Atta K Agyekum, Tofuko A Woyengo","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf008","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigated the effect of dietary inclusion of high amylose cornstarch (HA-starch) on cecal microbiota composition and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in weanling pigs fed high levels of cold-pressed canola cake (CPCC). Weaned pigs (240 mixed sex; 7.1 ± 1.2 kg) were housed in 40 pens (6 pigs/pen) and fed a common commercial diet for 7 days, followed by the experimental diets for 28-d, which contained either 0% or 40% CPCC with either 0% or 40% HA-starch. At the end of the study, one pig from each pen (n=8) was selected and euthanized to collect cecal digesta for microbial and VFA composition analyses. The HA-starch increased (p &amp;lt; 0.001) acetate, propionate, and butyrate concentrations, thereby increasing total VFA concentration (p &amp;lt; 0.001). There was a tendency for cecal butyrate and total VFA concentrations to decrease when pigs were fed the 40% CPCC diet without HA-starch but increase when fed the 40% CPCC diet containing 40% HA-starch (CPCC × HA-starch effect; p = 0.09), indicating HA-starch can increase cecal butyrate and total VFA concentrations in pigs fed a diet with high CPCC level. The proportions of Lactobacillus and Terrisporobacter were high, whereas low proportions of Streptococcus genus were observed in the cecal microbiota of pigs fed diets containing 40% HA-starch. Also, pathways consistent with carbohydrate digestion, absorption, and phosphate metabolism were enriched in pigs when the diet included 40% HA-starch. In summary, incorporating high amounts of HA-starch in a weanling pig diet containing high levels of CPCC may benefit intestinal health and digestive performance by enhancing the abundance of probiotic commensal bacteria, contributing to increased enzymatic activity and carbohydrate metabolism.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142989046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole stillage inclusion level influences in vitro fiber digestibility and ruminal fermentation of tall fescue hay.","authors":"Happiness J Ajayi,Brittany E Davis,Jeffrey W Lehmkuhler,David L Harmon,Yun Jiang,Ronald J Trotta","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf006","url":null,"abstract":"With the growing bourbon industry in the southeastern U.S. leading to increased production of liquid distillery byproducts, there is a pressing need to explore sustainable uses for whole stillage [containing residual grain (corn, rye, malted barley) and liquid after ethanol separation] in livestock nutrition. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of increasing whole stillage inclusion on the in vitro fiber digestibility and ruminal fermentation of tall fescue hay. Ruminal contents were obtained from two ruminally-cannulated Angus × Holstein steers (390 ± 4.49 kg BW) fed a basal diet consisting of 90% tall fescue hay and 10% cracked corn. Whole stillage was obtained from a local distillery, homogenized, and replaced water in the Goering and Van Soest buffer preparation at 0.00%, 9.06%, 18.1%, or 36.3% on a v/v basis to simulate ruminal fill of whole stillage under practical conditions. Tall fescue hay was used as the substrate and vessels were incubated for 48 h. Results were analyzed with the GLM procedure of SAS using polynomial contrast statements for statistical comparison. Increasing whole stillage inclusion linearly decreased (P = 0.002) apparent DM digestibility, with the lowest (quadratic: P = 0.03) coefficients for true DM and NDF digestibility occurring at 36.3% whole stillage inclusion. The rate and extent of gas production, methane production, and total VFA concentration increased (P < 0.05) with increasing whole stillage inclusion. The final pH of the fermentation media linearly decreased (P < 0.001) with increasing whole stillage inclusion. The molar acetate, valerate, isovalerate, and isobutyrate proportions decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing whole stillage inclusion. The molar propionate proportion responded quadratically (P < 0.01), with the peak proportion occurring at 36.3% whole stillage inclusion. Increasing whole stillage inclusion linearly decreased (P < 0.001) the viable number of cellulolytic and 2-deoxyglucose-resistant cellulolytic bacteria in the fermentation media. Peptide- and amino acid-utilizing bacteria increased linearly (P < 0.001) and hyper-ammonia-producing bacterial concentration peaked (quadratic: P = 0.05) at 36.3% whole stillage inclusion. Increasing whole stillage inclusion in the in vitro ruminal media demonstrated negative effects on the fermentation of tall fescue hay, as indicated by decreased NDF disappearance, cellulolytic bacteria, pH, and branched-chain VFA proportions.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142989047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrient use and methane emissions in growing beef fed different protein sources and a pasture-based diet","authors":"Christos Christodoulou, Kirsty E Kliem, Marc D Auffret, David J Humphries, Paul Kirton, Hassan Jalal, John R Newbold, Nicholas Davison, Laurence G Smith, Sokratis Stergiadis","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf007","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effects of different protein sources on feed intake, nutrient, and energy utilization, growth performance, and enteric methane (CH4) emissions in growing beef cattle, also evaluated against a pasture-based diet. Thirty-two Holstein × Angus growing beef were allocated to four dietary treatments: a total mixed ration (TMR) including solvent-extracted soybean meal as the main protein source (SB; n = 8), TMR with local brewers' spent grains (BSG; n = 8), TMR with local field beans (BNS; n = 8), and a diet consisting solely of fresh-cut Italian ryegrass (GRA; n = 8). Every four weeks, animals were moved to digestibility stalls within respiration chambers to measure nutrient intakes, energy and nitrogen (N) utilization, and enteric CH4 emissions. Feed intake (Calan gates), nutrient intakes, and CH4 emissions (GreenFeed) were also measured when animals were group-housed. In respiratory chambers, enteric CH4 yield per kg of dry matter intake (DMI), per kg of organic matter intake (OMI), and per kg body weight were lower (P &amp;lt; 0.05) for GRA. Feces and urine energy outputs were higher (P = 0.007 and P &amp;lt; 0.001, respectively) for GRA steers than concentrate-fed steers. Urinary nitrogen output (UNO, P = 0.026), manure (feces+urine) nitrogen output (MNO, P = 0.034), UNO/nitrogen intake (P = 0.002), and MNO/nitrogen intake (P = 0.006) were higher for GRA. During group-housing periods, CH4 emissions, measured by GreenFeed, were similar to those measured in chambers. Similar CH4 yield between treatments, expressed per kg digestible DMI and digestible OMI, may indicate that the lower diet digestibility was likely the reason for the reduced enteric CH4 emissions in pasture-based diets. The higher energy output and nitrogen losses, and the reduced nitrogen utilization for steers fed the fresh-cut ryegrass diet indicate less efficient energy and nitrogen utilization, which can be considered environmentally undesirable. The lower growth rates in the pasture-based system should also be accounted for when this is adopted for reducing production costs.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142989048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 on the fecal pH, markers of gut permeability, fecal microbiota, and markers of systemic inflammation in sedentary horses fed a high-starch diet.","authors":"M M Carter, J L Leatherwood, B L Paris, G E Moore, J M George, R E Martinez, K Karges, J R Cox, C E Arnold, K G Glass, A N Bradbery, A Rodiles, T A Wickersham","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thirty mature Quarter Horse geldings were used in a completely randomized 32-d study to test the hypotheses that supplemental live Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 improves apparent digestion, stabilizes the fecal pH, reduces gut permeability, maintains microbial communities, and decreases inflammation in horses fed a high-starch diet. Horses were stratified by body weight, age, and body condition score (BCS) to one of two treatments: concentrate formulated with 2g starch • kg BW-1 • meal-1 (CON; n=15) or the same concentrate top-dressed with 25g/d Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 (SC; n=15; 8×108 CFU). Horses were fed individually in stalls every 12h. Between meals, horses were housed in dry lots with ad libitum access to water and Coastal bermudagrass hay. On d0 and 32, BW and BCS were recorded, and blood was collected before feeding and 2, 8, 16, and 24 h postmeal on d32 to analyze serum D-lactate. Fecal samples were collected on d0, 16, and 32 at 8, 16, and 24h post-meal for fecal pH and starch content. Intake and fecal production were recorded over 4-d to measure digestibility on d28-31. Whole blood total bacterial counts and 16S fecal microbiota rRNA sequencing were performed at d0, 16, and 32. Results revealed an increased ∆BW in SC horses compared with CON horses (P=0.03), with no change in BCS (P=0.97). D-lactate tended to be greater in SC horses on d32 at 16 and 24h post-meal compared with CON horses (P=0.10). Concentrations of TNFα and LogCCL2 decreased from d0 to d 32 regardless of dietary supplementation (P≤0.02). Fold change of percent reads from d0 in whole blood bacterial 16S rRNA did not differ between groups. Fecal starch was undetectable, and there were no differences in intake or apparent digestibility. Fecal pH tended (P=0.07) to be lower in CON at 0h on d32 (6.03 ± 0.06) than d16 (6.14 ± 0.06). Additionally, pH tended (P=0.09) to be lower in CON (6.03 ± 0.06) than SC (6.16 ± 0.06) at 0h on d32. Supplementation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 maintained Bacteroidales and reduced acidosis-like bacteria like Streptococcus and potential pathogens like Enterobacteriaceae, Stenotrophomonas, and Rhodococcus at d16 (P<0.05). Further, supplementation increased fibrolytic bacteria at d32, such as Ruminococcus, Fibrobacter, and Succinivibrio (P<0.05). These results indicate Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 increases BW and promotes a more diverse microbiome when hoses are fed ad libitum hay and a high-starch concentrate.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142970737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic prediction accounting for dominance and epistatic genetic effects on litter size traits in Large White pigs","authors":"Jianmei Chen, Tengfei Dou, Ziyi Wu, Liyao Bai, Man Xu, Yongqian Zhang, Songbai Yang, Shiqian Xu, Xuelei Han, Ruimin Qiao, Kejun Wang, Feng Yang, Xin-Jian Li, Xianwei Wang, Xiu-Ling Li","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf004","url":null,"abstract":"Litter size traits of sows are crucial for the economic benefits of the pig industry. Three phenotypic traits of 1,206 Large White (LW) pigs, that is, the total number born (TNB), number born alive (NBA), and number of healthy piglets (NHP), were recorded. We evaluated a series of genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP) models that sequentially added additive effects (model A), dominance effects (model A+D), and epistatic effects (model A+D+AA, model A+D+AA+AD, and model A+D+AA+AD+DD) using chip data and imputed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data to estimate genetic parameters and predictive accuracy. The reproductive traits of sows showed low heritability in this study, with narrow heritability of the three traits ranging from 0.030 to 0.064, and broad heritability ranging from 0.125 to 0.145. The inclusion of non-additive effects in the model improved the accuracy of genomic selection. In the chip data, compared with that of the A model, the A+D+AA+AD+DD model showed the greatest increase in accuracy for TNB, NBA, and NHP, with improvements of 1.78, 1.67, and 1.74%, respectively. Additionally, the accuracy of the imputed WGS data was greater compared to the chip data. For the TNB, NBA, and NHP traits, the predictive accuracy of the imputed WGS data improved by 3.26, 7.72, and 3.00%, respectively, compared with that of the chip data. In summary, these results suggest that non-additive effects in genomic selection could improve prediction accuracy and should be considered in pig genomic evaluation procedures.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142937093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic analysis of mobility measures on 5-month-old gilts associated with structural soundness","authors":"Lexi M Ostrand, Lea A Rempel, Brittney N Keel, Warren M Snelling, Ty B Schmidt, Eric T Psota, Benny E Mote, Gary A Rohrer","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf001","url":null,"abstract":"Sow lameness results in premature culling, causing economic loss and well-being issues. A study, utilizing a pressure-sensing mat (GAIT4) and video monitoring system (NUtrack), was conducted to identify objective measurements on gilts that are predictive of future lameness. Gilts (N = 3656) were categorized to describe their lifetime soundness: SOUND, retained for breeding with no detected mobility issues; LAME_SOW, retained for breeding and detected lame as a sow; CULL_STR, not retained due to poor leg structure; LAME_GILT, not retained due to visible signs of lameness; and CULL, not retained due to reasons other than leg structure. The GAIT4 system creates a series of measurements for each hoof and a lameness score (GLS) while NUtrack records animal movement and posture durations each day. To determine if measurements from the GAIT4 and NUtrack systems were associated with lifetime soundness, mixed model analyses were conducted in R including fixed effects of breed of sire, contemporary group and lifetime soundness score and random effect of animal. A second mixed model was run without lifetime soundness score and estimates of animal effects were then used to conduct ssGBLUP analyses using 3 generations of pedigree and genotypes from ~50k SNP on &amp;gt; 60% of phenotyped animals. Genomic heritabilities were estimated, SNP effects were back-solved and significance based on Bonferroni corrected permutation tests. GAIT4 traits indicative of lameness (LAME_GILT and CULL_STR vs SOUND; P &amp;lt; 0.05) were the standard deviation of GLS, average stride length, and average stance time, while significant NUtrack measurements were eating, standing, lateral lying, total lying, speed, distance, and rotations. In addition, rotations differed (P &amp;lt; 0.05) between SOUND vs LAME_SOW and distance tended to be different (P &amp;lt; 0.10). Estimates of heritability for predictive NUtrack traits were ~0.3 and GAIT4 traits were ~0.2. There were 382 significant SNP effects in 47 genomic regions, four regions on chromosomes 1, 4, 11 and 14 accounted for over 60% of the associations. Genome-level imputed genotypes linked several regions with possible causative genes. Objective measurements from the GAIT4 and NUtrack systems at 5 months of age were heritable, able to detect unsound animals, and were associated with lifetime soundness.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"231 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142937089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}