Journal of animal science最新文献

{"title":"Residual Feed Intake and Reproductive-related Parameters in Yearling Brangus Bulls.","authors":"Mauro Venturini, Joao de Agostini Losano, Daniella Heredia, Maria Camila López Duarte, Jose Infante, Federico Podversich, Maura McGraw, Muhammad Sohail Siddique, Jillian Guertin, Brette Poliakiwski, Damon J Smith, Ky Pohler, Nicolas DiLorenzo, Bradford W Daigneault, Angela Gonella Diaza","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Residual feed intake (RFI) is a widely employed metric to estimate feed efficiency, which compares actual feed intake to expected feed intake. Enhancing feed efficiency while maintaining reproductive performance is critical to maximizing the profitability of beef production systems. Published data exhibit conflicting results concerning the impact of RFI on reproductive parameters. Our objective was to evaluate the relationship between RFI and reproductive parameters in young Brangus bulls. Sixty bulls were randomly selected at the beginning of a 56-day feed efficiency test. At the start, scrotal circumference (SC) was measured, blood samples were taken for testosterone concentration analysis, and semen samples were collected by electroejaculation. Fresh semen was visually evaluated for motility, morphology, and plasma membrane integrity. Sperm kinematics and concentration were objectively determined via computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA-IVOS II System). At the end of the test, bulls were classified as feed efficient (low RFI: LRFI) or feed inefficient (high RFI: HRFI) and grouped based on RFI divergence. Two models were constructed to analyze data: one using all bulls (Halves, n = 58) and one using the 25% extremes of the population (Tails, n = 30). Data were compared using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Using the halves model, only major defects (P < 0.04) and total defects (P = 0.014) were significantly affected by RFI group, with LRFI bulls showing a lower proportion of abnormal sperm cells. In the tails model, only SC (P = 0.01) was significantly affected by RFI, with LRFI bulls having a larger SC compared to HRFI bulls. The RFI group did not affect CASA-derived traits in either model. In conclusion, most fertility-related measurements were not affected by RFI status in young Brangus bulls. These results suggest that selection for feed efficiency in young bulls can be achieved without negatively impacting seminal characteristics associated with fertility.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breed-specific heterosis for growth and carcass traits in 18 U.S. cattle breeds","authors":"Bailey N Engle, R Mark Thallman, Warren M Snelling, Tommy L Wheeler, Steven D Shackelford, D Andy King, Larry A Kuehn","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf048","url":null,"abstract":"Heterosis, or hybrid vigor, is traditionally defined as the advantage of crossbred progeny relative to the average performance of their purebred parents. This advantage is due to increased heterozygosity in these crosses, which increases phenotypic expression in traits influenced by non-additive gene action. These heterosis effects may vary depending on the breed of animals in the original cross; however, breed-specific estimates are difficult to obtain because of a lack of contemporary comparisons among crossbred and purebred cattle. The Germplasm Evaluation Program at the U.S. Meat Animal Research Center was designed to evaluate 18 of the most highly utilized beef breeds in the United States and enable contemporary comparisons among purebreds and their crosses. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to quantify the differences in breed-specific heterosis for growth and carcass traits in these 18 U.S. beef breeds. Specific traits analyzed were direct and maternal birth weight, direct and maternal 205d adjusted weaning weight, 365d postweaning gain, marbling score, ribeye area, backfat thickness, and carcass weight. Specific heterosis effects were estimated using two different models: 1) a biological-group heterosis model where heterosis was estimated for crosses between British, Continental, and Brahman as breed groups, and 2) an average breed heterosis model where heterosis was estimated as the regression on average predicted breed heterozygosity arising from mating each of the 18 breeds to a randomly chosen animal in the population. Each model also included a random breed-specific cross effect for each pair of breeds. Biological-group heterosis, or the expected deviations from a purebred mean between all crosses of British-, Brahman-, and Continental-groups, was found for all traits (P &amp;lt; 0.0001), except marbling. The greatest increases in calf performance were estimated for crosses containing Brahman, especially for growth traits and maternal ability. Average breed-specific heterosis was also significant (P &amp;lt; 0.05) under the second model again for all traits except marbling and maternal birth weight. Again, the greatest increase in calf performance across a majority of traits was found to be the result of crosses with Brahman. These estimates may be used by breeders to make more informed crossbreeding decisions, and to tailor their choice of breeds to their specific production environment and breeding objectives.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143473561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xylo-oligosaccharides enhance intestinal and thymic immunity by modulating pyroptosis, gut microbiota and Th17/Treg immune response in LPS-challenged piglets","authors":"Weixiao Sun, Guangmang Liu, Fei Shen, De Wu, Yan Lin, Ruinan Zhang, Lianqiang Che, Bin Feng, Yong Zhuo, Shengyu Xu, Lun Hua, Zhengfeng Fang, Xuemei Jiang, Jan Li, Jing Wang","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf050","url":null,"abstract":"Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) have been shown to improve the immune system of weaned piglets, but the molecular mechanism of their action remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of XOS on intestinal and thymic immune function in weaned piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and elucidate the underlying mechanism. In a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, consisting of diet treatment (basal diet vs 0.02% XOS diet) and immunological challenge [saline vs LPS], 24 piglets were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6): CON group, basal diet + saline; LPS group, basal diet + LPS; XOS group, 0.02% XOS diet + saline; XOS_LPS group, 0.02% XOS diet + LPS. Piglets were fed either the basal or XOS diet for 21 days, followed by intraperitoneal injections of normal saline or LPS on the 22nd day. Ileum, thymus and colon samples were collected 4 hours after the intraperitoneal saline or LPS injection. The piglets fed XOS diet had higher average daily feed intake and average daily weight gain (P &amp;lt; 0.05). The XOS diet increased ileal villus height and decreased crypt depth. XOS also enhanced ileal and thymic antioxidant enzyme activities, anti-inflammatory cytokine expression, and decreased malondialdehyde levels and mRNA abundance of proinflammatory cytokines in piglets (P &amp;lt; 0.05). The XOS diet also downregulated ileal and thymic NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 and gasdermin-D gene and protein expression associated with pyroptosis (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Moreover, The XOS diet increased the mRNA abundance of forkhead box P3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 5, and transforming growth factor beta 1 while decreasing signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and retinoid-related orphan receptor-gammat mRNA abundance (P &amp;lt; 0.05). The XOS diet enhanced forkhead box P3 protein expression and reduced retinoid-related orphan receptor-gammat protein expression following the LPS challenge (P &amp;lt; 0.05). At the same time, The XOS diet affected the gut microbiota and increased levels of short-chain fatty acids (P &amp;lt; 0.05). In conclusion, XOS may modulate ileal and thymic immune function in weaned piglets following a 4-hour LPS challenge by affecting gut microbiota, pyroptosis and Th17/Treg immune responses.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143473559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving genetic gain in postpartum cows: A modified ovarian superstimulation protocol for ovum pick-up-in vitro embryo production during the voluntary waiting period","authors":"Jinbang Xiao, Manyuan Tian, Haojie Yuan, Hongyu Ren, Heiqiang Li, Chengyun Xie, Cong Huang, Bingke Wang, Yongsheng Wang, Yaping Jin, Peifeng Lin","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf049","url":null,"abstract":"Ovarian superstimulation-ovum pick-up (OPU) technology facilitates the rapid propagation of animals with excellent genetic potential, substantially shortening the interval between generations. Research regarding OPU implementation during the voluntary waiting period (VWP), a phase with potential for maximizing genetic gains in high-yield herds, is limited. We aimed to optimize the dosage and frequency of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) injections in postpartum cows to develop an ovarian superstimulation protocol during the VWP for OPU-IVF and assess its effect on milk production and reproductive performance. Cows with more than three parities and within the top 10% of 305-day milk yield were selected as OPU donors. Donor cows were eligible for ovarian superstimulation starting at 40 days in milk (DIM) if they had completed uterine involution and showed no signs of intrauterine infection. Two superstimulation protocols were compared: three injections of 167 IU FSH (FSH-3 group) and five injections of 100 IU FSH (FSH-5 group). Donor cows underwent OPU between DIM 40–75, followed by a 10–15-day waiting period before artificial insemination (AI). A total of 95 cows (113 OPU sessions) were assigned to the FSH-5 group and 116 cows (135 OPU sessions) to the FSH-3 group. Milk yield data during this period and subsequent reproduction records of these donor cows were compared with those of non-donor cows. The results showed that the FSH-3 group achieved better results, including more 2–6-mm follicles and 6–10-mm follicles, a greater total follicle count, and greater recovery of cumulus-oocyte complexes (p&amp;lt;0.05). Additionally, the FSH-3 group produced more greater-grade oocytes, resulting in better production of blastocysts (p&amp;lt;0.05). Although the application of superstimulation-OPU to donor cows during the VWP delayed the DIM of the first AI (p&amp;lt;0.05), it significantly increased the pregnancy rate (p&amp;lt;0.05) and did not affect the subsequent reproductive performance of the parity. Milk yield temporarily declined on the day of OPU, but it gradually recovered. In summary, the FSH-3 protocol generated an average of more than four embryos per cow during the VWP without compromising reproductive performance, including service and pregnancy rates. These results suggest that the FSH-3 protocol is an effective strategy for obtaining embryos from high-yield cows during the VWP, enhancing genetic gain and accelerating breeding programs with minimal effect on future fertility.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"1 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143443455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a prototype genetic evaluation for teat and udder score in American Angus cattle","authors":"Rudi A McEwin, Kelli J Retallick, Stephen P Miller, Andre Garcia","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf014","url":null,"abstract":"Improving traits related to teat size (TS) and udder suspension score (US) can have long term benefits for the health and productivity of beef herds. Well-structured udders and teats contribute to better calf health and growth, through un-inhibited suckling as well as improved cow longevity and milk production. No genetic evaluation is currently available for these traits in American Angus; the aim of the study was to investigate and develop a prototype genetic evaluation for TS and US. Teat and udder suspension score were subjectively assessed on farm following the American Angus Association guidelines. After quality control, the final dataset comprised 41,914 complete scores recorded on 23,886 Angus cows. Scores ranged from 1 to 9 for both teat and udder with similar mean (SD) scores of 7.1 (1.6) respectively. A series of multi-trait, animal models (pedigree size of 154,330 individuals) between TS, US and growth traits were run to estimate trait heritability and genetic correlations. TS and US were found to be moderately heritable (0.31 and 0.34 respectively) and highly repeatable (0.51 and 0.47 respectively). TS and US had a high genetic correlation (0.76) between them and generally low negative genetic correlations with birth weight, weaning weight, yearling gain and yearling height (0 to -0.19). Udder score was moderately genetically correlated to the maternal genetic component of weaning weight (MILK; -0.24). Mimicking a standard American Angus evaluation, model prediction accuracies for TS and US were estimated for BLUP and ssGBLUP scenarios. Accuracies ranged from 0.39-0.61 indicating that the starting set of phenotypes and models is sufficient to produce an accurate national evaluation. ssGWAS found that TS and US are likely polygenic, with no large SNP effects noted. Angus breeders are encouraged to submit annual teat and udder scores on their cows, to continue to improve model accuracy and expedite genetic improvement for these traits.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143443456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the nutritional and functional roles of a microencapsulated blend of botanicals on intestinal health and growth of nursery pigs challenged with F18+ Escherichia coli","authors":"Yesid Garavito-Duarte, Andrea Bonetti, Benedetta Tugnoli, Hyunjun Choi, Andrea Piva, Ester Grilli, Sung Woo Kim","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf047","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of a microencapsulated blend of botanicals (MBB) on the intestinal health and growth performance of nursery pigs challenged with F18+ E. coli. Sixty-four nursery pigs (6.8 ± 0.3 kg) were assigned to four dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design, with initial body weight and sex as blocks, and fed for 28 d in 3 phases. Treatments were a basal diet fed to pigs without F18+ E. coli challenge (NC) and 3 levels of MBB (0.0, 0.1, and 0.2%) in pigs challenged with F18+ E. coli. On d 7 of the study, pigs in challenged group were orally inoculated with F18+ E. coli (1.5 × 1010 CFU). On d 7 and 21 post-challenge, pigs were euthanized to collect jejunal tissues and mucosa. Compared to the NC, 0.0% MBB increased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) relative abundance (RA) of Staphylococcus saprophyticus and reduced (P &amp;lt; 0.05) Streptococcus parasuis at d 7 and 21 post-challenge, respectively. Increasing levels of MBB decreased (linear: P &amp;lt; 0.05) RA of Staphylococcus saprophyticus on d 7 post-challenge. Compared to the NC, 0.0% MBB increased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) jejunal NOD2 and IL-6 expression and decreased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) ZO-1 on d 7 post-challenge. Compared to the NC, 0.0% MBB decreased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) jejunal IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α and increased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) IgG on d 21 post-challenge. Increasing levels of MBB increased OCLN (linear: P &amp;lt; 0.05) and ZO-1 (linear and quadratic: P &amp;lt; 0.05) on d 7 post-challenge and decreased TLR4 (linear and quadratic: P &amp;lt; 0.05). Compared to the NC, 0.0% MBB decreased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) Ki-67+ on d 7 post-challenge. Increasing levels of MBB increased (linear: P &amp;lt; 0.05) Ki-67+ on d 7 post-challenge and VH:CD on d 21 post-challenge. In overall period, compared to the NC, 0.0% MBB decreased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) average daily gain. Increasing daily MBB intake linearly increased OCLN on d 7 and VH:CD on d 21, and reduced TLR4 and IL-8 on d 21 post-challenge, but exhibiting quadratic effects (P &amp;lt; 0.05) on ZO-1 (optimal at 0.12% of MBB), IgG (optimal at 0.14% of MBB), and G:F during d 7 to 20 and d 7 to 28 (optimal at 0.22% and 0.10% of MBB, respectively). In conclusion, F18+ E. coli challenge negatively modulated the jejunal mucosal microbiota and reduced intestinal morphology and growth of nursery pigs. Supplementation of MBB at 0.10 to 0.14% provided optimal mitigation of the impacts of F18+ E. coli challenge on humoral immunity, intestinal integrity, jejunal morphology, and feed efficiency of pigs.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Heat and Fermentation Treatments of Soybean Meal on Performance, Immune System, Microbial Population, Intestinal Morphology, and PepT1 Gene Expression in Broiler Chickens.","authors":"Nariman Miraalami, Seyed Naser Mousavi, Mohammad Reza Abedini, Ghobad Asgari Jafarabadi","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated the effects of replacing raw soybean meal (RSM) with autoclaved soybean meal (ASBM) and fermented soybean meal by Lactobacillus plantarum (FSBMLP) and Bacillus pumilus (FSBMBP) on the performance, microbial population, intestinal morphology, immune system, and PepT1 gene expression in broiler chickens. One-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks (n=800) were utilized in a fully randomized design featuring eight treatments and five replicates, and each replicate consisted of 20 chicks. The experimental treatments included: 1) a control group ((RSM)-based diet), 2) a basal diet + ASBM, 3) a basal diet + 2% FSBMLP, 4) basal diet + 4% FSBMLP, 5) basal diet + 6% FSBMLP, 6) basal diet + 2% FSBMBP, 7) basal diet + 4% FSBMBP, and 8) basal diet + 6% FSBMBP. The results showed significant improvements in feed conversion ratio and body weight gain throughout the experiment for broiler chickens receiving various FSBMLP levels and 4% and 6% FSBMBP compared to the controls (P<0.05). The group receiving 6% FSBMLP also demonstrated significantly higher antibody titers against Newcastle disease virus and Gumboro disease, along with increased IgG and total immunoglobulin levels in response to sheep red blood cells (SRBCs), compared to the controls (P<0.05). Additionally, the Lactobacillus population in the ileum and villus height in the jejunum were significantly higher in chickens fed FSBMLP than in the control group (P<0.01). Furthermore, chickens fed 6% FSBMLP showed a significant increase in PepT1 gene expression compared to the control group (P<0.05). Overall, the results suggested that replacing 6% of RSM with FSBMLP in broiler chicken diets improved growth performance, immune function, intestinal health, and PepT1 gene expression compared to ASBM and FSBMBP.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enteric methane emission classification and ranking of growing steers during the backgrounding and finishing phases","authors":"Juan de J. Vargas, Diego Manriquez, Maya Swenson, Pedro H V Carvalho, Sara E Place","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf046","url":null,"abstract":"There is limited information regarding the effect of beef cattle enteric methane (CH4) classification during the backgrounding and finishing phases and the impact of using metabolic modulators such as growth-promoting implants. This experiment aimed to determine how CH4 and residual CH4 emission (RME) classification impact gas flux and whether implanted or non-implanted growing steers maintain the same CH4 and RME classification during the backgrounding and finishing phases. A total of 46 Angus steers (approximately 8 months of age and 244 ± 11.1 kg of initial body weight [BW]) were enrolled. During the finishing phase, 23 steers were implanted, while 23 did not receive an implant. Individual animal growth performance and gas flux (CH4 and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and oxygen (O2) consumption) were determined during the backgrounding and finishing phases. In addition, RME was individually determined using metabolic BW and dry matter intake (DMI). In the backgrounding and finishing phases, steers were ranked in ascending order according to their CH4 production (g/d), CH4 yield (g/ kg of DMI), CH4 intensity (g/ kg of average daily gain), and RME. Consequently, steers were classified as low, medium, and high emitters based on the quartile distribution. Then, gas flux was analyzed using a completely randomized design for each phase. The relationship between the initial CH4 and RME classification during the backgrounding and the subsequent classification during finishing was analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. Steers classified as low CH4 or RME had lower (P &amp;lt; 0.05) CH4 production than high emitters during the backgrounding and finishing phases. The production of CO2 varies among classification groups regarding the growing phase and the use of growth-promoting implants. The consumption of O2 was lower (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in steers classified as low CH4 emitters during the backgrounding but not (P &amp;gt; 0.05) during the finishing phase. In addition, between 35 and 83% of the steers re-ranked according to CH4 and RME classification from the backgrounding to the finishing phase. In conclusion, the classification of growing steers using CH4 production, yield, intensity, or RME results in animals with lower CH4 production during the backgrounding and finishing phases. However, CH4 or RME classification should be conducted in each phase because growing steers re-ranked when changing from the backgrounding to the finishing phase.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of supplemental amino acids with Corynebacterium glutamicum cell mass on growth and health of nursery pigs","authors":"Yi-Chi Cheng, Marcos Elias Duarte, Sung Woo Kim","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf036","url":null,"abstract":"Removing filtration and crystallization provides amino acids with reduced purity because Corynebacterium glutamicum cell mass (CGCM) is not removed. This study aimed to evaluate nutritional and functional values of granulated Threonine (Thr) and Valine (Val) with CGCM in diets for growth performance, jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota, nutrient digestibility, and health of nursery pigs. Seventy-two newly weaned pigs (28 d-of-age; initial body weight (BW) of 8.2 ± 0.4 kg) were allotted to 9 treatments (n = 8) based on a randomized complete block design with sex and initial BW as blocks. Treatments consisted of a basal diet with different levels of standardized ileal digestible (SID) Thr and Val: NC (SID Thr and SID Val at 70% of NRC requirement), CT (95% SID Thr using crystalline Thr); CV (95% SID Val using crystalline Val); PT (95% SID Thr using ThrPro); PV (95% SID Val using ValPro); HCT (5 × crystalline Thr used in CT); HCV (5 × crystalline Val used in CV); HPT (5 × ThrPro used in PT); HPV (5 × ValPro used in PV). Diets were fed to nursery pigs for 25 d in 2 phases (10 d and 15 d, respectively). Feed intake and BW were recorded at the end of each phase. Blood samples were collected to measure serum proteins, metabolites, and electrolytes on d 21. Pigs were euthanized at d 25 to collect liver and jejunal tissues for morphological evaluation and jejunal mucosa to measure intestinal health biomarkers. Data were analyzed by SAS using MIXED procedure. Pigs with 95% SID Thr or 95% SID Val tended to have greater average daily gain (P = 0.078) and gross energy digestibility (P = 0.058), had greater (P &amp;lt; 0.05) jejunal villus height, and had lower (P &amp;lt; 0.05) plasma urea nitrogen and liver fibrosis than pigs with 70% SID Thr or 70% SID Val, respectively. Pigs fed a diet with HAAPro had increased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) alpha diversity of jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota than pigs fed a diet with AAPro. Pigs fed a diet with HAAPro had increased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and decreased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) relative abundance of Comamonas than pigs fed a diet with AAPro. In conclusion, increasing the supplementation of AAPro by five folds than typical level did not negatively affect growth performance whereas beneficially modulated the jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota. Results suggest that AAPro can effectively replace the use of crystalline amino acids in pig diets whilst potentially reducing feed costs due to reduced cost of producing such amino acids.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143393420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of dietary acid-binding capacity level on nursery pig growth performance and fecal dry matter","authors":"Ethan B Stas, Mike D Tokach, Jason C Woodworth, Joel M DeRouchey, Robert D Goodband, Jordan T Gebhardt","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf039","url":null,"abstract":"Two experiments were conducted to evaluate dietary acid-binding capacity-4 (ABC-4) level on weanling pig performance and fecal dry matter (DM). In both experiments, there were 5 pigs per pen and 12 replications per dietary treatment fed in two phases. In Exp. 1, 360 barrows, initially 5.9 kg, were allotted to 1 of 6 treatments. Five treatments were formulated with increasing ABC-4 ranging from 150 (low ABC-4) to 312 meq/kg (high ABC-4) in phase 1 and 200 (low ABC-4) to 343 meq/kg (high ABC-4) in phase 2. The low ABC-4 diet was formulated with specialty soy protein concentrate (SSPC; AX3 Digest, Protekta, Newport Beach, CA) and a combination of dietary acidifiers. Increasing ABC-4 was achieved by progressively replacing SSPC with enzymatically treated soybean meal (ESBM; HP 300, Hamlet Protein, Findlay, OH) on a standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys basis and decreasing acidifiers. Diets were formulated to contain 100 mg/kg of Zn. For the sixth treatment, pharmacological levels of Zn from ZnO was added to the high ABC-4 diet. From d 0 to 23 and d 0 to 38, increasing ABC-4 increased then decreased (quadratic, P ≤ 0.046) ADG and ADFI. On d 10 and 17, increasing ABC-4 decreased (linear, P ≤ 0.022) fecal DM. From d 0 to 23, pigs fed the diet containing ZnO had increased (P ≤ 0.009) BW, ADG and ADFI compared to the high ABC-4 diet without ZnO. In Exp 2, 300 pigs, initially 6.0 kg, were allotted to 1 of 5 dietary treatments. Diet 1 was a low ABC-4 diet formulated to 200 and 250 meq/kg in phase 1 and 2, respectively. Two intermediate ABC-4 levels were formulated by either replacing SSPC with ESBM on an SID Lys basis (diet 2) or removing acidifiers (diet 3). Diet 4 was a high ABC-4 diet formulated by replacing SSPC and removing acidifiers to increase ABC-4. Diet 5 was diet 4 but with pharmacological levels of Zn from ZnO. Diets 1 through 4 contained 110 mg/kg of Zn. From d 0 to 24 and d 0 to 38, increasing ABC-4 decreased (linear, P ≤ 0.046) G:F. On d 10 and 24, increasing ABC-4 decreased (linear, P ≤ 0.005) fecal DM. From d 0 to 24, pigs fed the diet containing ZnO had increased (P ≤ 0.047) BW, ADG, ADFI, and G:F compared to the high ABC-4 diet without ZnO. In conclusion, an ABC-4 of 200 meq/kg from d 0 to 10 post-weaning and 250 meq/kg from d 10 to 24 post-weaning improves pig growth performance and fecal DM for compared to higher ABC-4 diets. In diets without ZnO, low ABC-4 diet formulation can improve performance and fecal DM of weanling pigs.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143393421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}