Journal of animal science最新文献

{"title":"PS6-2. Dietary Flaxseed Oil Influences Intestinal Health and Growth of Broiler Chickens During Necrotic Enteritis.","authors":"Safiu Suberu, Tunde Ogundare, Odinaka Iwuozo, Oluteru E Orimaye, Oluwabunmi Apalowo, Samuel Quarmyne, Lekan Elegbede, Olanrewaju Binuyo, Deji Abiodun Ekunseitan, Yewande Fasina","doi":"10.1093/jas/skag272.392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skag272.392","url":null,"abstract":"Necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens is a prevalent enteric disease in poultry, leading to significant economic losses. Flaxseed oil is rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which have anti-inflammatory properties and may offer a nutritional strategy to mitigate NE pathogenesis. This study investigated the effects of dietary flaxseed oil on growth performance, intestinal lesion scores, and systemic nitric oxide (NO) concentrations in broiler chickens during experimentally induced NE. Day old broiler chicks (n = 480, Ross 708 male) were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design: PCON (3% poultry fat, unchallenged), FLAX (3% flaxseed oil, unchallenged), APCON (3% poultry fat, challenged), and AFLAX (3% flaxseed oil, challenged), with 6 replicate pens of 20 chicks each. Necrotic enteritis was induced in challenged groups by oral administration of a 10× dose of coccidia vaccine on day 14, followed by C. perfringens (2.8 × 10⁸ CFU/mL) on day 19. Growth performance parameters, Body weight (BW) and Feed Intake (FI) were recorded to calculate the Body Weight Gain (BWG) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR). Intestinal lesion scores were assessed on days 20 and 26, and serum NO concentrations were also measured. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA with the GLM procedure (p < 0.05). BWG was significant (p < 0.05), with AFLAX having a higher BWG (0.6358 kg) compared to APCON (0.6132 kg). Although the FI was not different, FCR was significant (p < 0.05), with AFLAX (1.4100) having a lower FCR than APCON (1.4374), and FLAX (1.3201) having the lowest FCR among the treatments. Mortality did not differ significantly among treatments, but was higher in APCON (18%) than AFLAX (15%). APCON showed the highest NO concentrations and the most severe intestinal lesions, whereas AFLAX birds showed markedly reduced lesion scores across the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. AFLAX showed significantly lower intestinal lesion scores on both day 20 (0.83 vs. 1.67) and day 26 (0.50 vs. 3.17) than APCON. On day 20, APCON had the highest NO (333.57 µM), while FLAX and PCON showed lower values (82.40 and 86.05 µM). By day 26, AFLAX (59.83 µM) showed a substantial reduction relative to APCON (87.06 µM). The reduction in intestinal lesions and systemic NO concentrations in AFLAX birds suggests that flaxseed oil exerts anti-inflammatory effects, likely mediated by omega-3 fatty acids modulating the inflammatory response to C. perfringens challenge. Dietary flaxseed oil reduced the inflammatory nitric oxide response and intestinal lesion severity associated with necrotic enteritis, while supporting favorable growth performance. These findings highlight flaxseed oil as a promising nutritional strategy for enhancing intestinal health and resilience in broiler chickens under enteric disease pressure.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149077676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"187. Maternal Guanidinoacetic Acid Supplementation Modulates Cellular Heat Stress Responses in Late-gestating Hanwoo Cows and Their Calves.","authors":"Xue-Cheng Jin, Bo-Mi Kim, Jun-Hee Lee, Jang-Hoon Jo, Hye-Sun Jung, Jae-Sung Lee, Hong-Gu Lee","doi":"10.1093/jas/skag272.273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skag272.273","url":null,"abstract":"Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA), a precursor of creatine, plays an important role in cellular energy metabolism and antioxidant defense. Therefore, dietary GAA supplementation may help mitigate heat stress in late-gestating beef cattle. This study aimed to investigate the effects of GAA supplementation on calf birth weight, serum metabolites and the gene expression of heat shock proteins, antioxidant enzymes, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of late-gestating Hanwoo cows and their calves under summer heat stress conditions. Twenty-eight multiparous Hanwoo cows were randomly assigned to either a control (CON; n = 15) or GAA treatment (0.2% DM; n = 13) after stratification by parity, age at artificial insemination, and sire. GAA was supplemented via top-dressing from approximately 60 d prepartum until parturition. Blood samples were collected from cows after 1 mo of supplementation and at calving, and from calves at birth. Calf birth weight was also recorded. Data were analyzed using the TTEST procedure of SAS 9.4. No significant differences were observed in calf birth weight or serum metabolites between treatments in either cows or calves. However, total protein (TP) tended to be lower (P < 0.10) in GAA cows at calving, while albumin (ALB) remained unchanged, suggesting a potential increase in immunoglobulin transfer to colostrum. After 1 mo of supplementation, mRNA expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), and interleukin 8 (IL-8) in cow PBMCs was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the GAA group compared with CON. At calving, IL-8 expression remained lower (P < 0.05) in GAA cows, whereas the expression of other genes did not differ between treatments. In calf PBMCs at birth, the expression of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), HSP70, and catalase (CAT) was significantly downregulated (P < 0.05) in the GAA group. These results suggest that dietary GAA supplementation during late gestation may attenuate heat stress-related cellular responses in both Hanwoo cows and their calves, as indicated by the downregulation of heat shock proteins, antioxidant enzymes, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in PBMCs. Collectively, maternal GAA supplementation may represent a promising nutritional strategy to mitigate summer heat stress in beef cow–calf systems.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149077787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"352. Maternal Undernutrition Alters Muscle Fiber Type Composition and Metabolomic Profile in the Psoas Major Muscle of Japanese Black (Wagyu) Cattle Fetuses.","authors":"Taketo Haginouchi, Yutaka Suzuki, Takafumi Gotoh","doi":"10.1093/jas/skag272.138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skag272.138","url":null,"abstract":"Early-life nutrition affects skeletal muscle characteristics in cattle. This nutritional modulation affects muscle metabolism and fiber type composition, potentially influencing muscle productivity and meat quality in later life. In this study, we focused on the psoas major muscle, which is important for meat production as a fillet cut, and aimed to elucidate the effects of differences in maternal nutritional conditions on the fetal psoas major muscle through analyses of myofiber type composition and metabolomic profiling. Multiparous Wagyu cattle were randomly assigned to either a control group (CON; 120% of Japanese feeding standard for beef cattle, n = 5) or a maternal undernutrition group (MUN; 60% of Japanese feeding standard for beef cattle, n = 6) from conception to day 260 of gestation. Fetuses were harvested at approximately day 260 of gestation and fetal psoas major muscle samples were collected. Immunofluorescent staining was performed to evaluate myofiber characteristics. Metabolites of the psoas major muscle were analyzed using CE-TOFMS and LC-TOFMS. Differential metabolites were identified using Welch’s t-test (p < 0.1), followed by pathway enrichment analysis. Fetal body weight and the psoas major muscle weight were lower (p < 0.05) in the MUN group than in the CON group. The proportion of type 1 myofibers was lower (p < 0.01) in the MUN group, whereas the proportions of type 2A and type 2X myofibers did not differ between groups (p > 0.43). Metabolomic profiling detected 477 metabolites in the fetal psoas major muscle, of which 16 differed between groups at p < 0.05. Among these, the MUN group showed lower levels of metabolites including UDP-galactose, myo-inositol 3-phosphate/myo-inositol 1-phosphate, and succinic acid, whereas acylcarnitine (18:2)-1 and phenylalanine were higher than in the CON group. Pathway analysis identified amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism as the most significantly enriched pathway. These findings suggest that maternal undernutrition alters both muscle fiber-type characteristics and metabolic profiles in the fetal psoas major muscle of Wagyu cattle. In particular, the reduction in type 1 fibers, together with changes in metabolites related to energy and nucleotide sugar metabolism, indicates that maternal undernutrition may impair the establishment of oxidative muscle properties and alter myogenesis and muscle development during the fetal stage.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149077524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PS8-11. Evaluation of Post-weaning Tissue Shrink in Beef Cow-calf Systems of the Southeastern United States.","authors":"Jasmine M Eason, James E Samson, John F Odhiambo","doi":"10.1093/jas/skag272.560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skag272.560","url":null,"abstract":"Post-weaning shrink, defined as reduction in body weight following weaning-associated stress, represents a direct loss of saleable pounds, reducing revenue for producers and impacting the initial performance of calves in the beef supply chain. The objective of this study was to evaluate post-weaning shrink and subsequent weight recovery in weaned beef calves in order to demonstrate the value of retaining calves through preconditioning to maximize their market value. A total of 32 beef calves in two locations in the Southeastern US were included in the study. Body weights were monitored in Spring-born calves (n = 15) in Brooksville, Florida weaned in September and channeled through a preconditioning program for 45-60 days. Similarly, body weights were monitored in Fall-born calves (n = 17) in Hazel Green, Alabama weaned in March and subsequently preconditioned for 45-60 days. Periods of interest included day of weaning, 21 days postweaning, and 60 days after weaning. Calves in both locations were weaned on natural pastures and fed cracked-corn supplements at 1.0 kg/200 kg body weight/calf/day, adjusted biweekly throughout the preconditioning period. Blood samples were obtained periodically for serum collection and stored at −20°C for further physiological stress, immune and oxidative stress biomarker analyses. Data on bodyweight changes were evaluated by mixed procedures of SAS. The model statement included the interaction of period by location and significance declared at P < 0.05. Data are presented as lsmeans ± SEM, respectively. There was a significant (P = 0.0127) period by location effect on calf body weights. At weaning, calf body weights averaged 228.5 ± 8.1 vs. 314.2 ± 8.0 kg in Florida and Alabama, respectively. Post-weaning body weights averaged 206.6 ± 9.9 vs. 241.6 ± 7.7 kg in Florida and Alabama, respectively. After the preconditioning period, calf body weights averaged 238.6 ± 8.4 vs. 305.8 ± 7.7 kg in Florida and Alabama, respectively. Thus, a consistent pattern was seen in both locations, where calves body weight decreased immediately after weaning and then gradually increased 45 to 60 days later, reflecting the occurrence of post-weaning shrink. However, calves in Alabama remained significantly (P < 0.0001) heavier than calves in Florida across periods. This post-weaning dip in body weight occurred regardless of production location or season of weaning. These findings suggest that shrink is a consistent physiological response to weaning stress in beef calves. Therefore, great care must be taken in minimizing shrink when calves are marketed at the time of weaning. Calves sold immediately at weaning have the greatest risk of tissue shrink, potentially resulting in discounted market value. This study demonstrates occurrence of tissue shrink as late as 21 days after weaning and a recovery period of 45-60 days postweaning. Funded by NIFA CBG # 2021-38821-34599 and ALAX-012-0224.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"151 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149077591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PS1-27. Effects of Dried Distillers Grains and Whole Cottonseed Supplementation on Growth, Rumen Fermentation, and Immune–inflammatory Responses of Brangus Steers.","authors":"Joao L S Abreu, Matheus L Ferreira, Hiam Marcon, Anuzhia P Moreira, Mateus J I Abreu, Kelsey M Harvey, Madeline G McKnight, Barbara Roqueto dos Reis, Marcelo Vedovatto","doi":"10.1093/jas/skag272.573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skag272.573","url":null,"abstract":"This experiment evaluated the effects of dried distillers grains (DDG) and whole cottonseed (WCS) supplementation on growth, rumen fermentation, and immune–inflammatory responses of Brangus steers during preconditioning. Seventy-two steers (267 ± 31.3 kg BW) were assigned to 1 of 2 treatments (4 pastures/treatment; 9 steers/pasture): 1) DDG or 2) WCS, supplemented daily at 0.3% BW with ad libitum bermudagrass hay. A lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge was conducted on day 63 to evaluate inflammatory and immune responses. Body weight was collected on days 0, 28, and 63; rumen fluid on days 0 and 56; and blood samples on days 0, 28, and 63 (0 and 4 hours post-LPS) and day 64 (24 hours post-LPS). Rectal temperature, respiration rate, and sickness behavior were recorded up to 24 hours post-LPS. Pasture was considered the experimental unit, and data was analyzed as repeated measures using the MIXED procedure of SAS. Final BW was greater (P < 0.01) in DDG vs WCS steers (302 vs. 290 ± 1.28 kg). Rumen pH and volatile fatty acid concentrations were not affected (P ≥ 0.45) by treatments. Plasma gossypol was undetectable in DDG steers but increased over time (P < 0.01) in WCS steers. Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 was greater (P < 0.01) on day 63 (0 and 4 h post-LPS) and day 64 in DDG vs WCS steers. Serum insulin was lower (P = 0.04), and cortisol tended to be greater (P = 0.09) in DDG vs WCS steers. Furthermore, DDG steers had greater (P = 0.04) serum urea nitrogen on day 63 (0 hour post-LPS), lower (P = 0.02) cholesterol on day 63 (0 and 4 hours post-LPS) and day 64, and tended to have greater (P = 0.07) non-esterified fatty acids. Moreover, DDG steers had lower (P = 0.01) serum alanine aminotransferase on day 63 (0 hour post-LPS) and greater (P = 0.05) gamma-glutamyl transferase. No other serum biochemistry variables differed between treatments (P ≥ 0.23), and neither rectal temperature, respiration rate, nor sickness behavior was affected (P ≥ 0.45). Several plasma cytokines tended to be greater (P ≤ 0.10) in DDG steers, including interferon-γ, interferon-α, interleukin-1F5, and interferon-γ–inducible protein-10. Additionally, DDG steers had greater (P = 0.01) plasma macrophage inflammatory protein1-β on day 63 (0 h post-LPS) and day 64. In summary, DDG supplementation enhanced growth and promoted a more pronounced immune–inflammatory activation than WCS, while rumen fermentation remained similar across supplements. Although WCS increased plasma gossypol concentrations, no biochemical indicators of liver damage were observed.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149077896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"292. Award Talk: Impact of Transportation Stress on Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Beef Cattle.","authors":"Nathaniel Ogunkunle","doi":"10.1093/jas/skag272.240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skag272.240","url":null,"abstract":"Transportation is a critical aspect of cattle production; however, it can induce stress and inflammation when animals are moved to a new location, feedlot or abattoir. This study investigated the impact of transportation on the inflammatory responses and antioxidant status of beef cattle. Forty-five (45) Black Angus heifers were randomly allotted to three groups: control (CON: loaded and unloaded from the trailer without transportation), short duration (SD: transported for 75 miles) and long duration (LD: transported for 150 miles), with 15 animals per group. Vital parameters and blood samples were collected at three time points: baseline (prior to transportation), immediately after transportation and 24 hours post-transportation. Plasma was extracted from the blood samples and analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers, as well as oxidative stress biomarkers. Data were analyzed using mixed model procedure in SAS 9.4. There was weight loss or shrink in the animals after transportation regardless of the transportation duration. Vital parameters increased after transportation but returned to normal levels within 24 hours. Additionally, transported animals showed elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines both immediately after and 24 hours post- transportation. The transported groups had lower antioxidant status, higher lipid peroxidation, and lower antioxidant enzyme activity than the control group. In conclusion, transportation is a necessary but stressful process for beef cattle. Animals should be prepared to withstand the stressful journey by supplementing them with antioxidants to prevent the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, thereby mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149077614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PS12-12. Maternal Metabolic and Performance Responses to Guanidinoacetic Acid During Late Gestation.","authors":"Luiz Jardel Motta, Luiza Kladt, Lívia Rodrigues, Tales L Resende, Claudia B Sampaio, Mateus P Gionbelli, Marcio S Duarte","doi":"10.1093/jas/skag272.442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skag272.442","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the effects of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) supplementation, with or without rumen-protected methionine (RP-Met), on maternal performance, metabolic responses, and uteroplacental vascular indicators in beef cows. Thirty-six pregnant Nellore cows (initial BW = 502 ± 12.8 kg), each carrying a female fetus, were assigned from day 202 of gestation until calving to one of four treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: control (no GAA or RP-Met), RP-Met (0.02 g/kg BW), GAA (0.12 g/kg BW), or GAA + RP-Met (0.12 g/kg BW GAA plus 0.02 g/kg BW RP-Met). Data were analyzed using mixed models (PROC GLIMMIX, SAS), including fixed effects of GAA, RP-Met, and their interaction. No GAA × RP-Met interaction was detected for nutrient intake or performance variables (P > 0.05), and neither supplement affected intake of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, or total digestible nutrients (P > 0.05). However, GAA supplementation increased final body weight, average daily gain, shrunk body weight gain, and estimated empty body weight gain (P ≤ 0.02), whereas RP-Met had no effect on performance (P > 0.05). No interaction between GAA and RP-Met was observed for placental measurements (P > 0.05). Control cows exhibited a greater uterine artery pulsatility index compared with cows supplemented with GAA or GAA + RP-Met, with intermediate responses for RP-Met (P = 0.04), while placental weight and cotyledon number were not affected (P > 0.05). Supplementation with GAA, regardless of RP-Met inclusion, increased plasma arginine, citrulline, and ornithine concentrations (P ≤ 0.05), whereas RP-Met increased plasma methionine concentrations (P < 0.01). A GAA × RP-Met interaction was observed for plasma homocysteine, with greater concentrations in cows receiving GAA + RP-Met (P = 0.01). Serum creatine, nitric oxide, and urinary creatinine concentrations were not affected by treatment (P > 0.05). Additionally, GAA supplementation reduced the urinary 3-methylhistidine:creatinine ratio (P = 0.01), indicating reduced skeletal muscle protein mobilization, and decreased hepatic arginine:glycine amidinotransferase abundance (P = 0.03), whereas guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase abundance was not affected. In summary, GAA supplementation during late gestation improved maternal performance, enhanced amino acid availability, reduced muscle protein mobilization, and altered uteroplacental vascular dynamics without affecting nutrient intake, whereas the lack of additive responses to RP-Met suggests that the primary physiological effects of GAA are associated with arginine-sparing and creatine-related metabolic pathways rather than methyl group limitation. For image description, please refer to the figure legend and surrounding text.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149077622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"141. Relationship Between Vaccination Treatment and Cortisol Concentration in Bos Indicus and Bos Indicus-influenced Cattle After Vaccination with a Modified-live Viral Vaccine.","authors":"Haley N Weidman, Abigail E Roberts, Kira C Sayre, Charles R Long, Thomas H Welsh, Alexandria P Snider, George A Perry","doi":"10.1093/jas/skag272.188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skag272.188","url":null,"abstract":"Combination modified-live vaccines have been determined to negatively affect corpora lutea (CL) integrity and increase serum pro-inflammatory cytokine populations when administered within 45 days of the breeding season. Although cortisol is considered an anti-inflammatory hormone responsible for limiting excessive immune activation during inflammation, the relationship between cortisol and cytokine production in cattle after vaccination is not well understood. The objectives of this study were two-fold: 1) to evaluate whether cortisol concentrations differed by vaccination treatment, and 2) to identify potential inter-relationships of cortisol and pro-inflammatory cytokine populations. Brahman and Brahman F1 heifers (n = 6) and cows (n = 13) were synchronized with a PGF2α injection to regress CL that were present on d-3 relative to d0, when cattle were randomly assigned to a vaccination treatment group: 1) modified live viral (MLV) combination vaccine for both IBR and BVDV antigen (BVDV+IBR; n = 5); 2) MLV containing IBR antigen only (IBR; n = 5); 3) inactivated combination vaccine for both IBR and BVDV antigen (IVV; n = 5); and 4) physiological saline (CON; n = 3). Venipuncture blood samples were processed to obtain sera and plasma on d-3, 0, 3, 5, 11, 18, 21, 28, 38, 48, and 62. Plasma concentrations of IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-36RA, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, IP-10, MCP-1, TNF-α, and VEGF-A concentrations were determined by the MILLIPLEX Bovine Cytokine/Chemokine Magnetic Bead Panel. Serum concentrations of progesterone and cortisol were determined by radioimmunoassay. A d11 progesterone concentration of 1ng/mL or less was indicative of abnormalities in luteal function and estrous cyclicity. Cattle that received the combination (BVDV+IBR) and individual (IBR) MLV vaccine, experienced 20% (1/5) and 60% (3/5) abnormal cycles, respectively. The repeated measures procedure of SAS (v9.4) (with cortisol, cyclicity status, time, treatment, and treatment by time included in the model) tested for differences in concentrations of cytokines and cortisol. Pearson’s correlation analysis was used to identify potential inter-relationships of the analytes. Treatment affected cortisol concentrations (P < 0.0001; BVDV+IBR: 15.7 ± 1.3 ng/mL; CON: 21.2 ± 1.7 ng/mL; IBR: 14.0 ± 1.3 ng/mL; IVV: 22.2 ± 1.3 ng/mL), with a tendency for cortisol to be impacted by time (P = 0.095). Pairwise differences were observed between BVDV+IBR and IVV (P = 0.0005), CON and IBR (P = 0.004), BVDV+IBR and CON (P = 0.01), and IBR and IVV (P < 0.0001) treatments. No differences were observed between BVDV+IBR and IBR or between CON and IVV treatments (P > 0.1). Cortisol was not significantly correlated with any pro-inflammatory cytokine populations (P > 0.1). Overall, vaccination treatments had a significant effect on cortisol concentrations following vaccination, with a negative effect observed in BVDV+IBR. This may provide better unders","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149077602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"330. Soy Essential Amino Acids and Isoflavones Mitigate Ergot Alkaloid-induced Serotonin Suppression in Beef Cattle.","authors":"Luiz Sousa, Brittany E Davis, David L Harmon, Ronald J Trotta","doi":"10.1093/jas/skag272.280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skag272.280","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean meal supplementation has been shown to mitigate ergot alkaloid-induced vasoconstriction and serotonin suppression in beef cattle. However, the mechanisms underlying these responses have not yet been fully established. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether supplementation with soy essential amino acids (AA) or isoflavones mitigates ergot alkaloid-induced vasoconstriction and serotonin suppression in beef cattle. Six ruminally-cannulated Angus × Holstein steers [body weight (BW) = 381 ± 12.5 kg] were randomly assigned to a 6 × 6 Latin square design. Treatment periods lasted 7 d and were separated by 14 d washout periods. Treatments consisted of: 1) non-toxic novel endophyte-infected tall fescue seed (NTE); 2) toxic endophyte-infected tall fescue seed (TE); 3) TE supplemented with soybean meal (TE+SBM); 4) TE supplemented with soy essential AA (TE+AA); 5) TE supplemented with soy isoflavones (TE+ISO); and 6) TE supplemented with both soy isoflavones and essential AA (TE+ISO+AA). Soybean meal (for TE+SBM) or corn (for all other treatments) was supplemented at 2.75 g/kg BW on a dry matter (DM) basis. Purified soy isoflavones (genistein and daidzein) and crystalline essential AA were supplemented to match the amounts of isoflavones and essential AA provided by the TE+SBM treatment. Steers were pair-fed a corn silage-based diet daily according to the lowest DM intake recorded on the previous day. Caudal artery cross-sectional area (CAA) and hemodynamics were assessed using color Doppler ultrasonography at 3, 5, and 7 h after morning feeding on day -1 (last day of the washout period) and day 7 of each treatment period. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein at 0 h (before feeding) and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 h after feeding on d 7. Serum concentrations of tryptophan, kynurenine, 5-hydroxytryptophan, serotonin, and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were quantified using HPLC. No treatment × time interactions (P ≥ 0.27) were observed for serum serotonin or hemodynamic variables. Serum serotonin concentrations were decreased (P < 0.05) by 46% in steers receiving TE compared with NTE. Supplementation with SBM increased serum serotonin concentration by 55.6% relative to TE. Similarly, serum serotonin concentrations were increased by 44.2%, 40.4%, and 75% in steers receiving TE+AA, TE+ISO, and TE+AA+ISO, respectively, compared with TE. Compared with NTE, all TE-containing treatments reduced (P ≤ 0.01) CAA, blood flow, and stroke volume by 45.6%, 40.5%, and 38.2%, respectively. These results demonstrate that soybean meal and purified combinations of amino acids, isoflavones, or both attenuate ergot alkaloid-induced serotonin suppression that occurs during fescue toxicosis. These findings suggest that the increased serum serotonin seen with SBM supplementation is likely mediated by both essential AA and isoflavones. However, none of the supplementation strategies alleviated ergot alkaloid-induced vasoconstriction.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149077635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PS9-7. Proteomic Analysis Reveals Change in the Lipid Metabolism of Muscle in Beef Cattle Submitted to Early Weaning and Pasture Finished.","authors":"Juliana A Torrecilhas, Gabriel L N Liberal, Gabriela B C Lima, Luis A L Chardulo, Philipe Moriel, Hugo Osório, Marcos E Buzanskas, André M Almeida, Irene Reis, Guilherme L Pereira","doi":"10.1093/jas/skag272.515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skag272.515","url":null,"abstract":"Early weaning and postnatal nutritional management are crucial strategies in livestock production systems and can affect long-term growth in beef cattle. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of early weaning associated with post-weaning supplementation on the muscle proteome of pasture-finished cattle. Forty male calves were assigned to early weaning (EW; 120 days, n = 20) or conventional weaning (CW; 205 days, n = 20). The EW group received protein–energy supplementation (20% CP; 78% TDN) at 10 g/kg BW/day until 205 days of age. After 205 days, all animals were raised together on pasture with protein–energy supplementation until slaughter (915 days). Longissimus thoracis muscle biopsies were collected at 205 and 915 days (pre-slaughter) and analyzed by nanoLC-MS/MS. The comparisons were as follows: (1) EW vs. CW at 205 days; (2) EW vs. CW at slaughter; (3) slaughter vs. 205 days in the EW group; and (4) slaughter vs. 205 days in the CW group. At 205 days, EW calves showed lower abundances of proteins related to lipid metabolism (CPT1B, SCP2, FABP3) and cellular stress (HSPB7), and higher abundances of proteins associated with muscle development (CSRP3, MYOZ2), compared to CW calves. At slaughter, fewer differences were observed between treatments, and the enriched pathways were primarily associated with oxidative phosphorylation; specifically, an upregulation of ATP5PF and a downregulation of NDUFB6 were observed in the EW group. Longitudinal analyses (205 days vs. slaughter) revealed distinct temporal trajectories in metabolic regulation between EW and CW groups. The transition to slaughter in both groups was characterized by the downregulation of proteins involved in mitochondrial lipid synthesis (HSD17B8) and β-oxidation (ACAA2, HADHA, HADHB, ACADS, ACADM, ACADVL, and ECI2). However, this decline was more pronounced in the CW group, which also showed a reduction in MDH2 and SDHB. Collectively, these findings suggest that the downregulation of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism at slaughter compared with 205 days was more pronounced in the CW group. An increased abundance of proteins related to lipid transport (APOD) and oxidative stress response (CFH, C3, C6, C7, and C9) was observed, along with elevated levels of complement system components. The EW group exhibited more balanced regulation, indicating improved energy efficiency and reduced inflammation throughout growth. Overall, early weaning with supplementation altered proteins related to lipid metabolism at 205 days, however, these differences were not maintained until slaughter. Funding from the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP): 2022/10240-8, 2023/16301-1, and 2023/16127-1.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149077528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}