Journal of animal science最新文献

{"title":"Ursolic acid improves growth performance, intestinal health, and antioxidant status in broilers by regulating lipid metabolism and the KEAP1-NRF2 pathway","authors":"Man Zhao, Fengyang Wu, Chong Li, Linna Guo, Baojiang Chen, Fengxia Wang, Shudong Liu, Shuaijuan Han","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf333","url":null,"abstract":"In response to the urgent need for alternatives to antibiotics in poultry production, this study evaluated the effects of ursolic acid (UA), a plant-derived triterpenoid, on growth performance, metabolism, intestinal function, and antioxidant capacity in broilers. A total of 320 Cobb broilers were randomly divided into four groups: a control group and three groups supplemented with UA at 0, 50, 200, or 400 mg/kg of diet, with 8 replicates of 10 birds each, over a 42-day period. Body weight and feed intake were measured on days 21 and 42. On day 42, samples were collected for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), untargeted metabolomics, hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) staining, meat quality assessment, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) in SPSS, and orthogonal contrasts were used to assess linear and quadratic responses to UA. The results showed that UA supplementation significantly enhanced growth and slaughter performance (P < 0.05), increased serum total protein (P < 0.05), and reduced serum triglycerides (P < 0.05). Untargeted metabolomics indicated that 200 mg/kg UA modulated lipid metabolism via α-linolenic acid and glycerophospholipid pathways. Additionally, this dose significantly improved the villus height-to-crypt depth ratio (VH/CD) and ileal protease activity (P < 0.05). Both 200 and 400 mg/kg UA reduced the b45min value of breast muscle (P < 0.05). Furthermore, UA supplementation elevated antioxidant enzyme activities in serum and ileum (P < 0.05). At the molecular level, 200 mg/kg UA upregulated expression of amino acid and fatty acid transporter genes, downregulated kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) (P < 0.05), and enhanced expression of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), and NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) (P < 0.05). In conclusion, UA effectively improved growth performance, metabolic health, intestinal function, and antioxidant capacity in broilers, demonstrating its potential as a safe and effective alternative to conventional growth promoters in poultry production.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145188784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short and Long-Distance Transport: Health, Survival and Growth of Preweaned Dairy and Dairy-Beef Cross Calves","authors":"Gustavo M Schuenemann, Juan M Piñeiro","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf341","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this retrospective, observational study, was to assess the association of transport duration (0.5, 8, 17 or 24 h) with calf survival, diseases (diarrhea and pneumonia), and preweaning average daily gain (ADG). A total of 392,064 calves (dairy females = 125,901 transported 0.5 or 24 h and dairy-beef [DB] cross = 266,111 transported 8 or 17 h) born from Holstein-Jersey (HxJ) dams at 15 farms under the same overall management were included (from January 2022 through March 2024). Calves (female = 146,163 and male = 125,953) were transported following the conditioning protocol in 2,973 loads with a mean age 3.2 d to two separate calf raising-facilities. Dystocic births, failure of passive transfer (FPT) of immunity, calf birth and weaning weights, birth season, calf sex, calf breed, and birth year were recorded. Calf diarrhea and pneumonia, mortality upon arrival at calf raising-facility and up to weaning (60 ± 3 d), and ADG from birth to weaning were recorded. Data were analyzed using GLIMMIX, MIXED, PHREG, or PROC LOGISTIC procedures of SAS. Dam parity, calf health, calf birth season and year, FPT, dystocia, calf sex, calf breed and calf age at transportation were associated with calf mortality up to weaning (P < 0.05). Overall, calf mortality upon arrival at the calf-raising facility was 0.015%, and it did not differ statistically by transport duration. Calves fed two colostrum meals had less FPT compared to one meal (P < 0.0001), regardless of sex or breed. Overall, calf mortality at weaning was 2.49% but varied by transport duration with 3.56% (0.5 h), 1.01% (8 h), 2.18% (17 h), and 1.55% (24 h; P < 0.0001). Calf mortality at weaning differed (P < 0.0001) by transport duration, mostly due to FPT, calf diseases (pneumonia and diarrhea), female dairy calves born to first-calf heifers, sex within DB, birth season, birth year, calf-raising facility and gestation length. Dairy calves transported 24 h (0.76 ± 0.01 kg/d) had higher ADG compared to those dairy calves transported 0.5 h (0.65 ± 0.02 kg/d; P < 0.0001); primarily due to the confounding effect of parity. ADG did not differ for DB calves transported 8 h (0.86 ± 0.04 kg/d) or 17 h (0.82 ± 0.02 kg/d), regardless of parity. While a causal relationship between transport duration and survival or ADG cannot be established, these findings show that key health-related factors early in life play a much larger role in calf mortality at weaning than transport duration.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145188402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective Sweep and Mammary Transcriptomics Identify Breed-Specific Lactation Drivers in East Friesian Dairy Sheep","authors":"Danni Li, Xueyang Zhao, Yuhang Xiao, Ran Li, Yu Jiang, Lei Zhang, Yuxuan Song","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf339","url":null,"abstract":"East Friesian sheep (EFR) are one of the world’s highest-performing sheep breeds for milk production. Whole-genome resequencing data from 35 EFR sheep were combined with published whole-genome data from 45 additional sheep. Population genetic analysis revealed that EFR sheep are genetically distinct from other breeds, with evidence of ancestral gene flow from other sheep lineages. Genome-wide selective sweep identified strong selection signals on chromosome 2, including extended haplotypes overlapping with QTL associated with milk protein content. Notably, missense mutations in the COL3A1 and COL5A2 genes—linked to mammary gland development—were detected within these regions. Based on these findings, molecular markers for lactation performance were derived and applied to EFR sheep selection. To further investigate lactation-related genes, we performed transcriptome sequencing of mammary gland tissue from lactating and dry crossbred dairy sheep (EFR male × Hu female). Differential expression analysis identified 2,178 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including the COL3A1 gene, which was significantly downregulated. Integrating genomic and transcriptomic data, we confirmed COL3A1 as a candidate gene influencing milk production traits. Notably, the COL3A1 locus (g.130226140G>A) showed a significant association with milk yield in 1,019 EFR×Hu crossbred sheep. The GG genotype exhibited the highest milk yield, significantly outperforming AG (Δ = 11 kg, P < 0.05). These findings provide novel insights into the genetic basis of milk production in dairy sheep and offer valuable markers for breeding programs aimed at enhancing lactation performance.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145188401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of dietary spirulina supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal health in lipopolysaccharide-challenged weanling pigs.","authors":"Emmanuel O Alagbe,Kolapo M Ajuwon,Hagen Schulze,Olayiwola Adeola","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf338","url":null,"abstract":"The intestinal health of weanling pigs is often compromised by harmful bacterial agents, leading to inflammation and reduced intestinal integrity. Limited research exists on the effects of spirulina as a bioactive feed additive on weanling pigs. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effect of spirulina on the growth performance and intestinal health of pigs using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge model. On d 0, 128 pigs were assigned to one of four groups in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with 2 levels each of spirulina (0 or 5 g SP/kg) and LPS (challenge or no-challenge). There were 8 replicate pens per treatment and 4 pigs per pen. On d 7, pigs were weighed, and pigs in the LPS challenge group were intraperitoneally injected with 100 µg/kg body weight LPS. The other pigs were injected with saline. On d 14, all pigs were weighed. On d 15, one selected pig per pen was again injected with the same amount of LPS or saline. After 4 h, the selected pigs were euthanized, and samples were collected. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS and evaluated for main effects and interactions. There was no dietary spirulina effect on growth performance. However, the LPS challenge reduced (P < 0.05) the body weight and gain-to-feed ratio of pigs. Dietary spirulina increased (P < 0.05) the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter regardless of the LPS challenge. There was an SP × LPS interaction effect (P < 0.05) on the jejunal villus height, villus perimeter, and villus area. Additionally, there was an SP × LPS interaction (P < 0.05) on serum tumor necrosis factor alpha. Challenge with LPS reduced (P < 0.05) the serum concentration of catalase but increased (P < 0.05) serum c-reactive protein concentration irrespective of dietary spirulina inclusion level. Dietary spirulina increased (P < 0.05) the mRNA expression of jejunal zonula occludens-1. An SP × LPS interaction (P < 0.05) showed that LPS-challenged pigs fed a spirulina-supplemented diet had the highest jejunal superoxide dismutase 2 mRNA expression relative to pigs in the other groups. In summary, dietary spirulina supplementation enhanced antioxidant activity and reduced intestinal inflammation in pigs during an LPS challenge. Dietary spirulina also improved tight junction integrity and dry matter digestibility, irrespective of the LPS challenge.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145153326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of resilience to weaning stress using cortisol patterns and associations with growth and behavior in Yorkshire gilts.","authors":"Andrea M Luttman,Janice M Siegford,Nancy E Raney,Catherine W Ernst","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf335","url":null,"abstract":"The pork industry has recognized a need to develop more robust pigs, and one method to achieve this is through the selection of resilient animals. Resilience can be measured using a proxy variable over time. Our previous work has shown serum cortisol to be a promising potential proxy for measuring resilience in crossbred gilts at weaning. In this study, we replicate and expand on our previous work using serum cortisol response to classify resilience of pigs to weaning stress and investigate differences in growth and behavior in purebred Yorkshire gilts. One stress resilient (SR) gilt and one stress vulnerable (SV) gilt was selected from each of 13 litters at weaning (n = 26). Body weights were measured and average daily gain calculated for suckling stage (birth-4 wk-of-age), weaning at 4 wk-of-age, nursery stage (4-8 wk-of-age), transition to grow-finish at 8 wk-of age, early grow-finish (8 -12 wk-of-age), and mid grow-finish (12-16 wk-of-age). Skin lesions were recorded before and after weaning as well as at a mixing event at 8 wk-of-age. To assess behavior, we conducted a dyadic contest at 7 wk-of-age, handling tests at 8 wk and 12 wk-of-age, and a novel object test at 12 wk-of-age. We detected no significant differences in overall growth between SR and SV gilts. However, during the first week post-weaning SR gilts gained twice as much per day as SV gilts (SR: 152 ± 31 g/d, SV: 79 ± 31 g/d, P = 0.06). SR gilts also tended to gain more per day during the first week in grow-finish (P = 0.09). This higher performance relative to SV gilts immediately following change may suggest SR gilts adapt faster to a new environment. No significant differences were detected between SR and SV gilts in skin lesions or behavior in the dyadic contest, handling tests, or novel object test. These results are inconsistent with our previous findings from commercial crossbreed pigs and indicate that classification based on serum cortisol pattern is associated with limited differences in Yorkshire gilts.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145153325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Standardized amino acid digestibility and nitrogen-corrected true metabolizable energy of frozen raw, freeze-dried raw, mildly cooked, and retorted dog foods using the precision-fed cecectomized and conventional rooster assays.","authors":"Elizabeth L Geary,Christina L Vogel,Carl M Parsons,Pam L Utterback,James R Templeman,Mary-Grace C Danao,Kelly S Swanson","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf334","url":null,"abstract":"The application of heat in dietary processing is known to influence nutrient digestibility. Novel pet food formats with differing processing methods are gaining popularity, but few studies have examined their digestibility. Most research evaluating dietary processing type on nutrient digestibility has tested commercial foods that were vastly different regarding ingredient inclusion and macronutrient content, making it difficult to determine the processing influences. To address this research question, the current study aimed to determine amino acid (AA) digestibility and nitrogen-corrected true metabolizable energy (TMEn) of diets having the same ingredient formulations and nutrient concentrations but manufactured using different processing methods. Five diets were manufactured using the following processing methods: retort (RT), mildly cooked [sous vide (SV) and steamed (ST)], and raw [high-pressure processing (HPP) and freeze-drying (FD)]. Those diets were compared against the raw ingredient batch (RAW) that served as a control. Two precision-fed rooster assays utilizing Single Comb White Leghorn (1.5 to 2.5 y old, 2.5 to 3 kg body weight) were conducted to determine the standardized AA digestibility (30 cecectomized roosters; n = 5) and TMEn content (30 conventional roosters; n = 5) of the six pet foods. Prior to feeding, wet diets (RT, SV, ST, HPP, and RAW) were freeze-dried, and all diets were ground. Following crop intubation, excreta were collected for 48 h and analyzed, and then AA digestibility and TMEn calculations were performed. Data were analyzed using the Mixed Models procedure of SAS with P < 0.05 accepted as statistically significant and P < 0.10 a trend. The digestibility of 6 indispensable AA were affected by processing. The SV and ST diets had greater (P < 0.05) histidine digestibilities than all other diets. For valine, methionine, leucine, phenylalanine, and isoleucine, the RAW diet tended to have greater (P < 0.10) digestibility than the RT diet. The RT diet had lower (P < 0.05) aspartic acid digestibility than ST, HPP, FD, and RAW diets. Dietary TMEn was higher (P < 0.05) for the SV and ST diets than the RT, HPP, and FD diets, suggesting that those cooking methods are less damaging to macronutrients. Overall, the RT diet had lower indispensable digestible AA concentrations than RAW, likely due to the high heat of processing. Future research should test differences in these diet types in the target species (ie, dog) to evaluate how they perform.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145153327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Puberty status influences bacterial communities of the boar urogenital tract.","authors":"Brooke E McAnally,Dallas R Soffa,Molly S Smith,Kyle J Hickman,Olivia J Ognibene,Jeffrey G Wiegert,Rebecca K Poole","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf336","url":null,"abstract":"Bacteria present in fresh extended boar semen may impair the fertility of artificial insemination doses in swine. To date, information regarding the presence or composition of bacterial communities within the boar's urogenital tract is lacking. These unexplored communities may contribute to the bacterial composition of semen and thereby influence boar fertility. Moreover, hormonal and anatomical changes that occur during puberty could also alter the urogenital tract bacterial communities. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate pre- and post-pubertal shifts in bacterial communities and diversity in boar urogenital tissues (ie, testis, epididymis, seminal vesicle, prostate, bulbourethral gland, bladder, and preputial diverticulum) using 16S rRNA gene amplicon community sequencing. Crossbred boars were euthanized at 74 ± 2 days of age (pre-pubertal; n = 4) or 276 ± 3 days of age (post-pubertal; n = 6), and intact reproductive tracts were harvested. Sterile swab samples were collected from each tissue of interest for microbiota analysis, and plasma was collected to analyze circulating hormone concentrations of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Circulating testosterone was greater (P < 0.01) in post-pubertal boars compared to pre-pubertal boars (3.01 ± 0.26 ng/mL vs. 0.96 ± 0.36 ng/mL) yet no differences were observed in dihydrotestosterone concentrations. The relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes was elevated (P < 0.05) in the testis, epididymis, seminal vesicle, bulbourethral gland, and preputial diverticulum of pre-pubertal boars and negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with testosterone. Alternatively, the relative abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria was greater in those same tissues from post-pubertal boars (P < 0.05) and was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with testosterone. Alpha-diversity was reduced in the urogenital tracts of post-pubertal boars compared to pre-pubertal boars (P < 0.01). The bladder had greater alpha-diversity compared to other tissues (P < 0.05). Pre- and post-pubertal boar urogenital tissues have distinct bacterial communities and shifts in these communities following puberty attainment may be associated with elevated testosterone. Future research is warranted to compare bacterial compositions of the boar urogenital tissues to the animal's ejaculate, which would provide greater insight into the origin of bacteria within boar semen.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145153346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of hydrolyzed yeast on weanling pig growth performance, fecal dry matter, and stress-related blood antioxidant criteria.","authors":"Jessica L Smallfield,Joel M DeRouchey,Mike D Tokach,Jason C Woodworth,Robert D Goodband,Katelyn N Gaffield,Jordan T Gebhardt,Robin Yao,Yitong Guo","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf331","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 360 weanling pigs (241 × 600, DNA; initially 5.4 ± 0.01 kg) were used to evaluate the effects of a hydrolyzed yeast product (HY) on growth performance, fecal dry matter (DM), and stress-relevant blood antioxidant criteria. Pens of pigs were randomly allotted to one of six dietary treatments in a generalized randomized block design with 5 pigs per pen and 12 pens per treatment. Pigs were blocked with 4 replications of light (4.3 ± 0.01 kg), medium (5.4 ± 0.01 kg), and heavy (6.5 ± 0.01 kg) weight pens per treatment. Diets were corn-soybean meal-based and consisted of a negative control (NC) diet, a positive control (PC) diet which was the NC diet + 55 mg/kg carbadox, the PC diet with 0.04% HY, and the NC diet with either 0.04, 0.08, or 0.12% HY. Linear and quadratic contrasts were tested within increasing levels of HY in diets without carbadox. The main effect of carbadox was evaluated by comparing the average of 0 and 0.04% HY in the presence and absence of carbadox. Treatment diets were fed in three phases from d 0 to 10 (phase 1), d 10 to 24 (phase 2), and d 24 to 45 (phase 3). On d 10 and 24, fecal samples were collected from the same three initially randomly selected pigs in each pen to determine fecal DM and fecal scores. Blood samples were collected on d 10 and 45 from the same representative pig in each pen for total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Overall (d 0 to 45), final weight increased (P < 0.05) while average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) tended to increase (P < 0.10) for pigs fed diets containing carbadox compared to pigs fed diets without carbadox. Gain:feed ratio (G:F) increased (P = 0.017) when 0.04% HY was added to the negative and positive control diets. On d 10, increasing HY in diets without carbadox increased fecal DM (linear, P = 0.005). Additionally, pigs fed carbadox had increased (P < 0.05) fecal DM on d 10 and 24 compared to pigs not fed carbadox. There were no treatment differences observed on d 10 for TAC; however, TAC decreased (linear, P = 0.008) on d 45 as HY increased in the diet. Increasing HY tended to decrease (linear, P = 0.095) serum SOD activity on d 10 while no treatment differences were observed on d 45. In summary, pigs fed carbadox had increased overall ADG and fecal DM. Increasing HY inclusion did not affect growth performance; however, fecal DM was improved during the early nursery period. Additionally, feeding 0.04% HY improved overall G:F.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the therapeutic effect of Viola yedoensis and Leonurus japonicus on bovine endometritis.","authors":"Xuewen Tan,Xingchen Wang,Nishang Liu,Huicong Li,Yingqiu Liu,Weimin Zhang,Shen Zhuang,Lin Ma,Yunpeng Fan","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf332","url":null,"abstract":"Endometritis in dairy cows has become a key challenge in the field of animal reproductive health. Currently, the primary treatment method is using antibiotics. However, antibiotic could induce pathogen resistance and the presence of drug residues. Traditional Chinese medicine has good advantages in the treatment of endometritis in dairy cows. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of Viola yedoensis and Leonurus japonicus (TCMF) on endometritis in dairy cows. Firstly, LPS-induced cell inflammation model was established to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of TCMF, and then rat model of endometritis was constructed to preliminarily assess its therapeutic effects. Subsequently, based on mass spectrometry and network pharmacology, the mechanisms of TCMF in treating endometritis was investigated. Finally, clinical observations were performed to assess the therapeutic effects of TCMF on bovine endometritis. The results showed that TCMF significantly reduced IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-18 mRNA levels compared to the LPS group (P < 0.001). Compared to the model group, TCMF significantly reduced the uterine index and bacterial load in rats (P < 0.05). Additionally, TCMF significantly reduced IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α protein levels (P < 0.001) and decreased the protein expression levels of TNF, PTGS2, and CASP3 (P < 0.01). Compared to the bovine endometritis group, TCMF significantly reduced the scoring of uterine discharge, the number of PMNs, and the bacterial load (P < 0.001), while increasing the levels of albumin (ALB) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the blood (P < 0.01), the cure rate of endometritis in dairy cows could reach up to 80%. Metabolomics analysis revealed upregulation of cortisol in the serum of treated cows. These results indicated that Viola yedoensis and Leonurus japonicus had a positive therapeutic effect on endometritis, and exerted effect through TNF signaling pathway, which could replace the antibiotics in a certain extent.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial adaptations and regulation of OPA1 and PERK in Tibetan sheep myocardium under high altitude conditions.","authors":"Guan Wang,Yanyan Cui,Hongjian Hou,Junfang Hao,Jincheng Han,Guangli Yang","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf321","url":null,"abstract":"To elucidate the physiological mechanisms by which Tibetan sheep myocardium adapts to chronic hypoxia in high-altitude environments, this study investigated the effects of altitude on Optic Atrophy 1 (OPA1) and Protein Kinase RNA-like Endoplasmic Reticulum Kinase (PERK) expression, mitochondrial morphology, and functional integrity. Utilizing transmission electron microscopy (TEM), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry, and reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), we analyzed the protein localization and gene/protein expression levels of PERK and OPA1, the activities of malate dehydrogenase (MDH), citrate synthase (CS), and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes I, II, and IV, as well as mitochondrial ultrastructure in the myocardium of Tibetan sheep inhabiting high-altitude and very-high-altitude environments. Results demonstrated significantly elevated expression levels of OPA1 and PERK proteins and their corresponding genes in very-high-altitude myocardium compared to high-altitude counterparts (P < 0.05), with a strong positive correlation between their protein expressions. Mitochondrial density in very-high-altitude cardiac muscle was markedly reduced (P < 0.05), yet these mitochondria exhibited enhanced fusion-fission dynamics, increased number and density of cristae, and a more compact arrangement (P < 0.05). Concurrently, the activity of MDH and OXPHOS complex IV was significantly higher in very-high-altitude myocardium (P < 0.05), indicative of augmented tricarboxylic acid cycle flux. Furthermore, mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes were more abundant in very-high-altitude samples. Collectively, these findings suggest that chronic hypoxia drives coordinated upregulation of OPA1 and PERK, remodeling mitochondrial architecture and enhancing metabolic activity. This adaptive response likely underpins the superior energy production capacity of high-altitude Tibetan sheep myocardium, ensuring functional integrity under sustained hypoxic stress.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145140223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}