38 Increasing dietary amylose increases hindgut fermentation of starch and thereby alters microbial metabolites, gut immunity, and energy metabolism in weaned pigs.

IF 2.9 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Journal of animal science Pub Date : 2025-10-05 DOI:10.1093/jas/skaf300.220

F P Y Tan, L F Wang, L L Guan, M G G Gaenzle, R T T Zijlstra

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Starch with increasing ratio of amylose to amylopectin decreases ileal starch digestibility in pigs. Microbes in the large intestine ferment undigested starch producing short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Benefits of SCFA for gut health stimulated interest in dietary strategies to increase carbohydrate fermentation and thus SCFA concentration in the gut. This study elucidated effects of increasing dietary amylose on nutrient digestibility, metabolite profiles, gut immunity, and lipid metabolism in weaned pigs. Weaned pigs (n = 32) were randomly fed 1 of 4 diets containing 67% purified starch varying in amylose content (0, 20, 35, or 70%) for 21 d. Pigs were euthanized to collect digesta, feces, blood, and tissue samples for measuring starch digestion, metabolite profiles, and genes associated to metabolite transport, butyrate production, gut immunity, and lipid metabolism. Increasing dietary amylose quadratically decreased ileal digestibility of starch (P < 0.001) and quadratically increased hindgut fermentation of starch (P < 0.001) and cecal (P < 0.001) and colonic (P < 0.05) digesta SCFA concentration. Increasing dietary amylose upregulated expression of SCFA transporters in the mid colon (P < 0.05) but downregulated GPR109A in the proximal colon (P < 0.05). The 35%-amylose diet upregulated mucosal expressions of tight junction proteins in ileum and proximal colon (P < 0.05). Increasing dietary amylose quadratically downregulated expression of fatty acid synthase in abdominal fat and liver (P < 0.05) and quadratically increased butyrate production pathway genes (P < 0.05). Total SCFA concentration was negatively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokines (P < 0.05). Butyrate concentration was positively correlated with mucin-2 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, increasing dietary amylose enhanced hindgut starch fermentation and total SCFA levels in weaned pigs. The increased carbohydrate fermentation was associated with increased butyrate production enzymes and improved gut health mechanisms including maintenance of gut barrier function and reduced proinflammatory cytokine. High-amylose starch reduced lipogenesis by downregulating lipogenic enzyme gene expression.

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饲粮中增加直链淀粉增加了断奶仔猪后肠淀粉发酵，从而改变了微生物代谢物、肠道免疫和能量代谢。

增加直链淀粉与支链淀粉的比例会降低猪的回肠淀粉消化率。大肠中的微生物发酵未消化的淀粉产生短链脂肪酸（SCFA）。短链脂肪酸对肠道健康的益处激发了人们对饮食策略的兴趣，以增加碳水化合物发酵，从而提高肠道内短链脂肪酸的浓度。本研究阐明了饲粮中增加直链淀粉对断奶仔猪营养物质消化率、代谢物谱、肠道免疫和脂质代谢的影响。断奶仔猪（n = 32）随机饲喂4种饲粮中的1种，饲粮中含有67%不同直链淀粉含量（0%、20%、35%或70%）的纯化淀粉，持续21 d。对猪实施安乐死，收集食糜、粪便、血液和组织样本，用于测量淀粉消化、代谢物谱以及与代谢物运输、丁酸盐产生、肠道免疫和脂质代谢相关的基因。饲粮中增加直链淀粉可二次降低淀粉的回肠消化率（P < 0.001），并可二次提高后肠发酵淀粉（P < 0.001）、盲肠（P < 0.001）和结肠（P < 0.05）消化SCFA浓度。增加直链淀粉可上调中结肠中SCFA转运蛋白的表达（P < 0.05），下调近端结肠中GPR109A的表达（P < 0.05）。35%直链淀粉日粮上调回肠和近端结肠粘膜紧密连接蛋白的表达（P < 0.05）。饲粮中增加直链淀粉可二次下调腹部脂肪和肝脏脂肪酸合成酶的表达（P < 0.05），并可二次上调丁酸盐生产途径基因的表达（P < 0.05）。SCFA总浓度与促炎因子呈负相关（P < 0.05）。丁酸盐浓度与mucin-2呈正相关（P < 0.05）。综上所述，饲粮中增加直链淀粉可提高断奶仔猪后肠淀粉发酵和总短链脂肪酸水平。碳水化合物发酵的增加与丁酸盐生产酶的增加和肠道健康机制的改善有关，包括维持肠道屏障功能和减少促炎细胞因子。高直链淀粉通过下调脂肪生成酶基因表达减少脂肪生成。

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来源期刊

Journal of animal science 农林科学-奶制品与动物科学

CiteScore

4.80

自引率

12.10%

发文量

1589

审稿时长

3 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Animal Science (JAS) is the premier journal for animal science and serves as the leading source of new knowledge and perspective in this area. JAS publishes more than 500 fully reviewed research articles, invited reviews, technical notes, and letters to the editor each year. Articles published in JAS encompass a broad range of research topics in animal production and fundamental aspects of genetics, nutrition, physiology, and preparation and utilization of animal products. Articles typically report research with beef cattle, companion animals, goats, horses, pigs, and sheep; however, studies involving other farm animals, aquatic and wildlife species, and laboratory animal species that address fundamental questions related to livestock and companion animal biology will be considered for publication.