Journal of animal science最新文献

{"title":"The Effect of Heat and Fermentation Treatments of Soybean Meal on Performance, Immune System, Microbial Population, Intestinal Morphology, and PepT1 Gene Expression in Broiler Chickens.","authors":"Nariman Miraalami, Seyed Naser Mousavi, Mohammad Reza Abedini, Ghobad Asgari Jafarabadi","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated the effects of replacing raw soybean meal (RSM) with autoclaved soybean meal (ASBM) and fermented soybean meal by Lactobacillus plantarum (FSBMLP) and Bacillus pumilus (FSBMBP) on the performance, microbial population, intestinal morphology, immune system, and PepT1 gene expression in broiler chickens. One-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks (n=800) were utilized in a fully randomized design featuring eight treatments and five replicates, and each replicate consisted of 20 chicks. The experimental treatments included: 1) a control group ((RSM)-based diet), 2) a basal diet + ASBM, 3) a basal diet + 2% FSBMLP, 4) basal diet + 4% FSBMLP, 5) basal diet + 6% FSBMLP, 6) basal diet + 2% FSBMBP, 7) basal diet + 4% FSBMBP, and 8) basal diet + 6% FSBMBP. The results showed significant improvements in feed conversion ratio and body weight gain throughout the experiment for broiler chickens receiving various FSBMLP levels and 4% and 6% FSBMBP compared to the controls (P<0.05). The group receiving 6% FSBMLP also demonstrated significantly higher antibody titers against Newcastle disease virus and Gumboro disease, along with increased IgG and total immunoglobulin levels in response to sheep red blood cells (SRBCs), compared to the controls (P<0.05). Additionally, the Lactobacillus population in the ileum and villus height in the jejunum were significantly higher in chickens fed FSBMLP than in the control group (P<0.01). Furthermore, chickens fed 6% FSBMLP showed a significant increase in PepT1 gene expression compared to the control group (P<0.05). Overall, the results suggested that replacing 6% of RSM with FSBMLP in broiler chicken diets improved growth performance, immune function, intestinal health, and PepT1 gene expression compared to ASBM and FSBMBP.</p>","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enteric methane emission classification and ranking of growing steers during the backgrounding and finishing phases","authors":"Juan de J. Vargas, Diego Manriquez, Maya Swenson, Pedro H V Carvalho, Sara E Place","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf046","url":null,"abstract":"There is limited information regarding the effect of beef cattle enteric methane (CH4) classification during the backgrounding and finishing phases and the impact of using metabolic modulators such as growth-promoting implants. This experiment aimed to determine how CH4 and residual CH4 emission (RME) classification impact gas flux and whether implanted or non-implanted growing steers maintain the same CH4 and RME classification during the backgrounding and finishing phases. A total of 46 Angus steers (approximately 8 months of age and 244 ± 11.1 kg of initial body weight [BW]) were enrolled. During the finishing phase, 23 steers were implanted, while 23 did not receive an implant. Individual animal growth performance and gas flux (CH4 and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and oxygen (O2) consumption) were determined during the backgrounding and finishing phases. In addition, RME was individually determined using metabolic BW and dry matter intake (DMI). In the backgrounding and finishing phases, steers were ranked in ascending order according to their CH4 production (g/d), CH4 yield (g/ kg of DMI), CH4 intensity (g/ kg of average daily gain), and RME. Consequently, steers were classified as low, medium, and high emitters based on the quartile distribution. Then, gas flux was analyzed using a completely randomized design for each phase. The relationship between the initial CH4 and RME classification during the backgrounding and the subsequent classification during finishing was analyzed using Fisher’s exact test. Steers classified as low CH4 or RME had lower (P &amp;lt; 0.05) CH4 production than high emitters during the backgrounding and finishing phases. The production of CO2 varies among classification groups regarding the growing phase and the use of growth-promoting implants. The consumption of O2 was lower (P &amp;lt; 0.05) in steers classified as low CH4 emitters during the backgrounding but not (P &amp;gt; 0.05) during the finishing phase. In addition, between 35 and 83% of the steers re-ranked according to CH4 and RME classification from the backgrounding to the finishing phase. In conclusion, the classification of growing steers using CH4 production, yield, intensity, or RME results in animals with lower CH4 production during the backgrounding and finishing phases. However, CH4 or RME classification should be conducted in each phase because growing steers re-ranked when changing from the backgrounding to the finishing phase.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143417704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of supplemental amino acids with Corynebacterium glutamicum cell mass on growth and health of nursery pigs","authors":"Yi-Chi Cheng, Marcos Elias Duarte, Sung Woo Kim","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf036","url":null,"abstract":"Removing filtration and crystallization provides amino acids with reduced purity because Corynebacterium glutamicum cell mass (CGCM) is not removed. This study aimed to evaluate nutritional and functional values of granulated Threonine (Thr) and Valine (Val) with CGCM in diets for growth performance, jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota, nutrient digestibility, and health of nursery pigs. Seventy-two newly weaned pigs (28 d-of-age; initial body weight (BW) of 8.2 ± 0.4 kg) were allotted to 9 treatments (n = 8) based on a randomized complete block design with sex and initial BW as blocks. Treatments consisted of a basal diet with different levels of standardized ileal digestible (SID) Thr and Val: NC (SID Thr and SID Val at 70% of NRC requirement), CT (95% SID Thr using crystalline Thr); CV (95% SID Val using crystalline Val); PT (95% SID Thr using ThrPro); PV (95% SID Val using ValPro); HCT (5 × crystalline Thr used in CT); HCV (5 × crystalline Val used in CV); HPT (5 × ThrPro used in PT); HPV (5 × ValPro used in PV). Diets were fed to nursery pigs for 25 d in 2 phases (10 d and 15 d, respectively). Feed intake and BW were recorded at the end of each phase. Blood samples were collected to measure serum proteins, metabolites, and electrolytes on d 21. Pigs were euthanized at d 25 to collect liver and jejunal tissues for morphological evaluation and jejunal mucosa to measure intestinal health biomarkers. Data were analyzed by SAS using MIXED procedure. Pigs with 95% SID Thr or 95% SID Val tended to have greater average daily gain (P = 0.078) and gross energy digestibility (P = 0.058), had greater (P &amp;lt; 0.05) jejunal villus height, and had lower (P &amp;lt; 0.05) plasma urea nitrogen and liver fibrosis than pigs with 70% SID Thr or 70% SID Val, respectively. Pigs fed a diet with HAAPro had increased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) alpha diversity of jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota than pigs fed a diet with AAPro. Pigs fed a diet with HAAPro had increased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and decreased (P &amp;lt; 0.05) relative abundance of Comamonas than pigs fed a diet with AAPro. In conclusion, increasing the supplementation of AAPro by five folds than typical level did not negatively affect growth performance whereas beneficially modulated the jejunal mucosa-associated microbiota. Results suggest that AAPro can effectively replace the use of crystalline amino acids in pig diets whilst potentially reducing feed costs due to reduced cost of producing such amino acids.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143393420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of dietary acid-binding capacity level on nursery pig growth performance and fecal dry matter","authors":"Ethan B Stas, Mike D Tokach, Jason C Woodworth, Joel M DeRouchey, Robert D Goodband, Jordan T Gebhardt","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf039","url":null,"abstract":"Two experiments were conducted to evaluate dietary acid-binding capacity-4 (ABC-4) level on weanling pig performance and fecal dry matter (DM). In both experiments, there were 5 pigs per pen and 12 replications per dietary treatment fed in two phases. In Exp. 1, 360 barrows, initially 5.9 kg, were allotted to 1 of 6 treatments. Five treatments were formulated with increasing ABC-4 ranging from 150 (low ABC-4) to 312 meq/kg (high ABC-4) in phase 1 and 200 (low ABC-4) to 343 meq/kg (high ABC-4) in phase 2. The low ABC-4 diet was formulated with specialty soy protein concentrate (SSPC; AX3 Digest, Protekta, Newport Beach, CA) and a combination of dietary acidifiers. Increasing ABC-4 was achieved by progressively replacing SSPC with enzymatically treated soybean meal (ESBM; HP 300, Hamlet Protein, Findlay, OH) on a standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys basis and decreasing acidifiers. Diets were formulated to contain 100 mg/kg of Zn. For the sixth treatment, pharmacological levels of Zn from ZnO was added to the high ABC-4 diet. From d 0 to 23 and d 0 to 38, increasing ABC-4 increased then decreased (quadratic, P ≤ 0.046) ADG and ADFI. On d 10 and 17, increasing ABC-4 decreased (linear, P ≤ 0.022) fecal DM. From d 0 to 23, pigs fed the diet containing ZnO had increased (P ≤ 0.009) BW, ADG and ADFI compared to the high ABC-4 diet without ZnO. In Exp 2, 300 pigs, initially 6.0 kg, were allotted to 1 of 5 dietary treatments. Diet 1 was a low ABC-4 diet formulated to 200 and 250 meq/kg in phase 1 and 2, respectively. Two intermediate ABC-4 levels were formulated by either replacing SSPC with ESBM on an SID Lys basis (diet 2) or removing acidifiers (diet 3). Diet 4 was a high ABC-4 diet formulated by replacing SSPC and removing acidifiers to increase ABC-4. Diet 5 was diet 4 but with pharmacological levels of Zn from ZnO. Diets 1 through 4 contained 110 mg/kg of Zn. From d 0 to 24 and d 0 to 38, increasing ABC-4 decreased (linear, P ≤ 0.046) G:F. On d 10 and 24, increasing ABC-4 decreased (linear, P ≤ 0.005) fecal DM. From d 0 to 24, pigs fed the diet containing ZnO had increased (P ≤ 0.047) BW, ADG, ADFI, and G:F compared to the high ABC-4 diet without ZnO. In conclusion, an ABC-4 of 200 meq/kg from d 0 to 10 post-weaning and 250 meq/kg from d 10 to 24 post-weaning improves pig growth performance and fecal DM for compared to higher ABC-4 diets. In diets without ZnO, low ABC-4 diet formulation can improve performance and fecal DM of weanling pigs.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143393421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HSF1 and CPSF1 affect milk fat and protein synthesis by regulating the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway","authors":"Zhujun Chen, Xinyi Zhang, Jun Teng, Li Jiang, Qin Zhang","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf009","url":null,"abstract":"In our previous genome-wide association study on milk production traits in Chinese Holstein cows, HSF1 (heat shock factor 1) and CPSF1 (cleavage and polyadenylation specific factor 1) were found to be strongly associated with milk fat and protein percentages. However, their roles in milk fat and protein synthesis and the underlying mechanism are still largely unknown. In this study, we verified the effects of their expressions on milk fat and milk protein synthesis in MAC-T cells. We showed that HSF1 can participate in the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, one of the most important pathways for fat and protein synthesis, through its interaction with the AKT protein, and influence the downstream genes in this pathway to regulate milk fat and milk protein synthesis. We also found that HSF1, as a transcription factor, can bind to the promoter region of CPSF1 to regulate its transcription and expression, which in turn modulates the expression of SREBP1 and thereby influences the synthesis of milk fat.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143385795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting dry matter intake in cattle at scale using gradient boosting regression techniques and Gaussian process boosting regression with SHAP explainable AI, MLflow and its containerization","authors":"K E ArunKumar, Nathan E Blake, Matthew Walker, Tylor J Yost, Domingo Mata-Padrino, Ida Holásková, Jarred W Yates, Joseph Hatton, Matthew E Wilson","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf041","url":null,"abstract":"Dry matter intake (DMI) is a measure critical to managing and evaluating livestock. Methods exist for quantifying individual DMI in dry lot settings that employ expensive intake systems. No methods exist to accurately measure individual DMI of grazing cattle. Accurate prediction of DMI using machine learning (ML) promotes improved production and management efficiency. It also opens the door to empowering producers to validate and verify intakes in order to participate in incentive programs for delivering ecosystem service credits. We explored gradient boosting-based approaches to predict DMI in beef cattle using actual animal intake and climate dataset of 12,056 daily records from 178 cattle fed at West Virginia University from 2019 to 2020. The tested and developed methods include gradient boosting regression (GBR), Light boosting regression (LGB), extreme gradient boosting regression (XGB), and Gaussian process boosting (GPBoost) models and two baseline models: 1. Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle (NASEM 2016) Equation &amp; 2. Mixed Linear Model Regression (MLM). The GPBoost models were developed considering the random effects associated with animal ID and date. Moreover, we developed an end-to-end MLoperations (MLOps) pipeline to streamline the ML steps using crucial components, such as MLflow and Dockerization. The best performing model was determined by comparing the common evaluation metrics such as root mean squared error (RMSE), mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The RMSE values on the test data of the optimized models ranged from 1.18 kg to 1.54 kg. The focus was developing a generalized algorithm that models covariates associated with animal ID and date that would generalize well on unseen data. The GPBoost models exhibited the best bias and variance compared to the other models (MLM, GBR, LGB, XGB). The R2 of the GPBoost on the training and test datasets were 0.58 and 0.55 respectively. The GPBoost model generalized well on the test dataset and train dataset with MAE values of 0.92 kg and 0.90 kg respectively We implemented an end-to-end MLOps pipeline with MLflow and Docker, enabling experiment tracking, model registry, reproducibility and scalability (to deploy on multiple computers) and seamless deployment. This approach offers a reliable and scalable solution for accurate DMI prediction, enhancing livestock management and facilitating participation in ecosystem service credits.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143401207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Evaluation of Longevity in Australian Angus cattle Using Random Regression Models","authors":"Hassan Aliloo, Julius H J van der Werf, Samuel A Clark","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf035","url":null,"abstract":"Cow longevity is an economically important trait for beef breeders directly impacting profitability and sustainability of beef cattle production systems. Despite its great importance, early selection for longevity is complex because the true longevity of a cow is not known until the end of her life. In this study we aimed to estimate variance components and genetic parameters for two binary measures of cow longevity in Australian Angus cattle population. Traditional longevity (TL) represented the cow’s ability to avoid culling after the first calving while functional longevity (FL) also accounted for calving events while the cow was present in the herd. Five datasets consisting of animals culled because of different reasons were created and evaluated separately to compare the estimates of variance components and genetic parameters. We also investigated the impact of censored data on estimated breeding values of bulls with different proportions of active daughters. A single-trait random regression model using a Bayesian Gibbs sampler was applied to both longevity traits and all 5 culling reason groups between age 2 to 11 yr. The heritabilites were generally low and ranged between 0.02 to 0.19 for TL and between 0.02 to 0.20 for FL traits. The peak of heritabilites were found between ages 4 to 6 yr for both longevity measures. The low estimates of genetic correlations between ages at the beginning and end of the trajectory in all culling reason groups indicated that longevity evaluated at early and late stages of life are not genetically the same traits. The estimated breeding values of sires with active daughters were underestimated when the censored data was excluded from the analysis. The negative impact of censoring was larger for younger sires who had larger proportion of active daughters. Our results indicate the additive genetic component has a sizeable contribution to the variability of longevity in Australian Angus cattle and therefore, the genetic improvement of longevity can be achieved if longevity is considered as a long-term breeding objective.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143371519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Luteolin on cadmium-inhibited bone growth via suppressing osteoclastogenesis in laying chickens","authors":"Xishuai Tong, Xiaohui Fu, Anqing Gong, Gengsheng Yu, Naineng Chen, Bing Chen, Jianhong Gu, Zongping Liu","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf033","url":null,"abstract":"Luteolin (Lut) is a flavonoid derived from several plant sources. Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental contaminant and potential toxin with detrimental effects on animal health. However, the effect of Lut on Cd-induced inhibition of bone growth in laying chickens remains unclear. This study investigates the effects of Lut on Cd-induced inhibition of bone growth in the femur and tibia of laying chickens. A total of sixty 1-day-old green-eggshell yellow feather laying chickens were randomly assigned to four groups after a 5-day of acclimation period: basal diet (Con), cadmium chloride (CdCl2, Cd), Lut, and Lut + Cd. Bone microstructure, serum biomarkers of bone remodeling, the levels of Cd, calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and trace metal elements were assessed using the micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and microwave digestion, respectively. Bone remodeling biomarkers, late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor and MAPK and mTOR activator 1 (LAMTOR1), as well as the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) and protein kinase B (Akt), were quantified using the qRT-PCR and western blot. The results indicated that Lut effectively mitigated Cd-induced bone mass loss compared to the Cd group, resulting in increased bone volume (BV), bone surface/bone volume (BS/BV), connectivity density (Conn.Dn), and the length and weight of the femur and tibia in laying chickens. Mechanistically, compared to Cd group, Lut restored the ratio of osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) in serum and bone tissue, enhanced the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteocalcin (OCN), and Osterix (OSX), while reducing the levels of Ca, Cd, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, as well as the expression of osteopontin (OPN), c-Fos, osteoclast stimulatory-transmembrane protein (OC-STAMP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), cathepsin K (CTSK), matrix metalloprotein-9 (MMP-9), LAMTOR1, and the phosphorylation of AMPKα and Akt. Therefore, Lut alleviates Cd-induced damage to the femur and tibia of chickens by promoting osteogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, positioning Lut as a potential therapeutic plant extract for enhancing bone growth in laying chickens.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143371540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inbreeding depression for litter size in two mice lines under divergent selection for environmental birth weight variability using genomic data","authors":"Candela Ojeda-Marín, Isabel Cervantes, Nora Formoso-Rafferty, Juan Pablo Gutiérrez, Silvia Teresa Rodríguez-Ramilo","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf023","url":null,"abstract":"Inbreeding depression (ID) is usually observed as reduced survival and fertility and may have a variable impact in different populations. The aim of this study was to estimate ID from genomic and pedigree data in the litter size (LS) of the high variability line (H-Line) and the low variability line (L-Line). Of these, the L-Line performed better on traits related to robustness. A total of 1587 females from 26 selection generations were genotyped with a high-density SNP array. LS data of 732 L-Line and 648 of H-Line animals were used. The following were calculated: pedigree inbreeding coefficient (FPED), genomic inbreeding derived from different genomic matrices (FNEJ, FL&amp;H, FVR1, FVR2 and FYAN), from runs of homozygosity (FROH) and from homozygosity by descent probabilities (FHBD). FROH were calculated in the 19 autosomes (CHR). FROH and FHBD were divided into 9 lengths and age classes, respectively. All the inbreeding coefficients were standardized by the mean inbreeding coefficient of the 1st generation. Regression coefficients (b) obtained from genomic data were between -3.71 with FVR2 and -5.09 with FHBD in the H-Line, and that estimated from FPED was -5.67. In the L-Line the b obtained from genomic data were between -3.52 with FVR2 and -4.55 with FHBD, and that obtained with FPED was -4.08. Significant ID effects were detected in CHR13 in the H-Line and CHR1 and CHR9 in the L-Line. The b negative trended to be lower as the ROH length increased. The age of the homozygosity by descent segment performed differently in each line, for example FHBD raised 128 generations ago produced a significant positive effect only in the L-Line. The effect of global inbreeding coefficients on the LS was negative in both lines with a higher impact in the H-Line than in the L-Line, suggesting the L-Line having higher robustness. CHR 1, 9 and 13 were candidates for future gene search. In general, more recent FROH and FHBD presented negative effects on LS while older FROH and FHBD presented positive effects on LS in both selected lines.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143367424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute enhanced liquid aspirin administration improves performance and intestinal function in nursery pigs","authors":"Sarah C Pearce, Brian J Kerr","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf037","url":null,"abstract":"Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug which has been a widely used analgesic for pain relief as well as an anti-inflammatory medication. However, it also causes negative effects to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract including GI bleeding, peptic ulcers, and can also impact the small intestine. Enhanced liquid aspirin (ELA) contains a combination of a salicylate compound, glycerin, triacetate, and saccharin which is more stable than aspirin alone and may reduce negative effects on the GI tract, while still exerting positive effects on inflammatory processes. The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate oral ELA on healthy weaning pigs. 8 pigs per treatment were gavaged daily for 5 d with either saline controls (CON) or 2 mg/kg body weight ELA. After the 5-d dosing period, pigs were weighed and then euthanized for intestinal sample collection. ELA-administered pigs gained significantly more body weight relative to initial body weights compared to CON pigs (8% vs. 13.7%; P&amp;lt;0.05). Additionally, there was tendency for an increase of 24% in villus height in ELA pigs compared to CON (P = 0.06) and significant increases in relative protein expression of Claudins (CLDN) 3 and 7 (P&amp;lt;0.05). Finally, several genes were altered in ELA-fed pigs compared to CON including stem cell markers and immune markers. All in all, this data showed that ELA was well tolerated in a pig model, showed a preliminary improvement in body weight, and had no observable negative impacts.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143371551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}