Journal of animal science最新文献

{"title":"18 Comparison between drying methods and storage time on the functional value of a trubs, hops, and yeast mixture, on growth performance and intestinal health of nursery pigs","authors":"Alexa R Gormley, Nathalia Camargo, Brock Ashburn, Robert Bryant, Sung Woo Kim","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf102.089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf102.089","url":null,"abstract":"A trubs, hops, and yeast mixture (THYM) generated as a co-product of craft brewing contains high levels of hop acids and yeast cells, bioactive compounds that could positively influence health and growth in pigs. These co-products have a high moisture content and must be dried to facilitate transport and mixing into diets. Drying methods utilizing heat can cause the loss of functional volatile compounds, like hop acids, but the cost of drying solutions using lower heat, such as freeze-drying, can be up to 10-fold the cost of drum-drying. Similarly, it was found that the storage of 3-year-old drum-dried THYM decreased the amount of alpha and beta acids compared with the fresh drum-dried and freeze-dried THYM by approximately 19% and 65%, respectively. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of THYM (Highland Brewing, Asheville, NC, USA) dried using different methods and storage times on intestinal health and growth performance of nursery pigs. Thirty-two pigs (6.8 ± 0.4 kg body weight) weaned at 3 weeks-of-age were allotted into 4 dietary treatments, using a randomized complete block design, with sex and initial body weight as blocks. The dietary treatments were: 1) basal diet (CON); 2) fresh drum-dried THYM, at 0.7% of the diet (0.7DF); 3) fresh freeze-dried THYM, at 0.7% of the diet (0.7FF); and 4) 3-year-old drum-dried THYM, at 1.4% of the diet (1.4DS), to consider the loss of hop acids during storage. The THYM replaced a mixture of 40% corn and 60% soybean meal in the basal diets. Pigs were fed for 28 d in 3 phases (9, 11, and 8 d, respectively). On d 28, all pigs were euthanized for sampling of jejunal tissue and jejunal mucosa. Data were analyzed using SAS 9.4. The inclusion of THYM decreased (P < 0.05) Helicobacter in the jejunal mucosa, when compared with the CON, whereas there were no changes to intestinal morphology and weight gain with the inclusion of THYM. The 1.4DS tended to decrease the expression of Toll-like receptor 2 (P = 0.073) and Cluster of differentiation 14 (P = 0.057), when compared with 0.7DF. This suggests THYM may positively influence the mucosa-associated microbiota, whereas increased storage time could decrease the stimulation of pathogen recognition pathways by THYM, possibly due to storage conditions decreasing the functionality of the bioactive compounds over time. In conclusion, the inclusion of THYM could reduce potentially harmful bacterial populations in the jejunal mucosa, with no negative effects on intestinal morphology or growth performance, however, prolonged storage could decrease immunomodulatory properties of THYM related to pathogen sensing, when fed to nursery pigs.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"295 Genomic selection for improved resilience: A closer look to its implementation","authors":"Francesco Tiezzi","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf102.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf102.025","url":null,"abstract":"Before exploring the factors that determine it, it is crucial to first define the concept of resilience. Resilience is not a phenotype therefore is not directly observable or quantifiable as a phenotype. Consequently, it can only be measured or quantified using appropriate indicators. However, developing such indicators requires a clear and consistent definition to guide their estimation. Although no universally accepted definition exists, resilience is generally demarcated as the capacity of a system—be it an individual, a forest, a city, a population, or an economy—to adapt to change, cope with adversity, and continue to develop. In animal science, precise indicators are needed if resilience becomes a feature of interest. Environmental variance has emerged as a valuable tool for monitoring resilience. Defined by Falconer and Mackay in 1990, this measure represents the variance in phenotypic values among individuals arising from differences in their environmental exposures. Interestingly, it is not solely determined by the environment, it is also partially under genetic or individual animal control. Several steps are needed before genetic evaluations can be put to routine. Data quality and noise reduction are pivotal for supporting an efficient process. In this talk, we will provide an overview of the different steps and caveats that are to be considered for evaluating resilience in livestock populations.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSIV-13 Effect of a bioactive Bentonite supplementation on sow performance in three commercial farms in México","authors":"Jose Lopez","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf102.382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf102.382","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effects of incorporating a Bentonite (Proteck, a bioactive mineral-based bentonite feed additive from Elanco Animal Health USA) into gestation and lactation diets on reproductive performance in sows. Previous research has shown that Proteck reduces oxidative stress and enhances both performance and gut microbiota in sows (Taylor et al., 2019; Rong et al., 2019). We utilized three different commercial farm settings across two years to conduct a before-and-after comparison. Control groups received standard gestation and lactation diets, while the experimental groups received similar diets supplemented with Bentonite at a rate of 2.0 kg/metric ton from insemination to weaning. Farm A, located in Sonora, included 1,800 sows, while Farms B and C, both in Jalisco, housed 1,600 and 3,600 sows, respectively. Sow performance was compared over similar timeframes with the following insemination periods: Farm A (March to May 2021), Farm B (February to August 2023), and Farm C (July to November 2023). Control group sows were inseminated during the corresponding periods of the previous year. A total of 11,660 sows were evaluated across both timeframes. Performance data were obtained from records using PigCHAMP and/or PigKnows software. Statistical analyses considered parity and farm effects, with the insemination batch serving as the experimental unit: weekly for Farms A and B, and every three weeks for Farm C. Differences were evaluated using Student’s t-test and Dunnett’s test for least squares means, with significance set at P < 0.05 and trends at P < 0.10 (JMP 18.1.0). Results (Table 1) indicated that the inclusion of bioactive Bentonite positively influenced sow performance, with increases of +0.69 in total born (P < 0.0001), +0.52 in born alive (P = 0.0002), +0.34 in weaned piglets (P = 0.0002), and +6.06 kg in adjusted litter weight at 21 days (P < 0.0001). However, a reduction in farrowing rate of -3.25% (P = 0.0126) was noted, likely attributable to viral issues affecting some farms during the Bentonite supplementation period. In conclusion, the addition of this Bentonite was associated with improved litter size, increased numbers of weaned piglets, and enhanced weaned litter weight, underscoring its potential as a valuable tool for optimizing sow performance in commercial settings.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSIII-2 Effects of hand-fed versus self-fed supplementation on stocker steer growth, performance, and forage production on smooth bromegrass pastures","authors":"Jonathan Jacquez, Tatiana M Jones, Jaymelynn K Farney","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf102.365","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf102.365","url":null,"abstract":"eed products and additives are available in a multitude of options to increase performance, animal health, and efficiency of cattle while also fitting the individual needs of producers. A variety of options are used to meet the broad range of management situations, including self-feeding, daily delivery and liquid delivery. The objective of this study was to determine steer performance based on supplementation time, method, and addition of ionophores while grazing smooth bromegrass pastures. Steers (n=80 head; 265 kg ± 5 kg) were randomly assigned to one of 20 smooth bromegrass pastures to graze from late May to late September (121 d). Treatments (n = 4 pastures/treatment) evaluated included positive control (MIN, free-choice mineral); self-fed supplements of protein blocks with ionophore (BLOCKRU) or without ionophore (BLOCK); and hand-fed supplements of 50% corn: 50% dried distillers with ionophore (HANDRU) or without ionophore (HAND). Steers in the hand-fed treatments were fed 3x per week to provide 0.25% of BW on DM basis daily of feed. Steers were weighed individually every 28 d to determine gain differences and adjust feeding rates. Weekly, self-fed supplements were weighed to determine average weekly intake. Pasture biomass and nutrient composition were measured and analyzed monthly. Prior to placement in feedlot, steers were measured by ultrasound for carcass composition. Data was analyzed with PROC GLIMMIX with pasture as experimental unit and animal within pasture as subsamples and included pre-planned contrasts. Steers that were hand-fed had greater ADG and were heavier at the end of the grazing period as compared with self-fed supplementation (P = 0.01). There was no difference in ADG, total gain, or final weight based on addition or not of an ionophore (P > 0.37). Hand-fed steers tended (P = 0.07) to have greater gains and final weight as compared to mineral only steers. There was no difference in gains between steers that were self-fed protein blocks as compared to MIN (P =0.78). The gain advantages for handfeeding were observed by 84 d of grazing (P = 0.03). Steers that were supplemented tended to have greater muscle depth than MIN (P = 0.07) while there were no differences in marbling scores (P > 0.27) nor backfat thickness (P > 0.52) between any comparisons. There was no difference in available biomass between treatment groups (P > 0.50). Hand feeding supplements to cattle resulted in greater performance as compared to self-fed feeds evaluated. Based on 2024 costs of production and assuming a 20-mile delivery to feed cattle, the lowest cost of gain was for mineral only followed by hand-fed supplements with the most expensive being protein blocks.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSV-2 Effect of feeding level during feedlot backgrounding on animal growth and feed efficiency of the winter-spring period","authors":"Natalia Zabalveytia, Alvaro Simeone, Oscar Bentancur, María V Burjel, Stefania Pancini, Virginia Beretta","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf102.377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf102.377","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the effect of winter backgrounding feeding system (grazing vs. feedlot) and the amount of feed offered in the feedlot (FO) on average daily gain (ADG) and feed-to-gain ratio (FG) during the overall winter-spring period (182 days). Forty Hereford female calves (159 ± 25 kg body weight (BW)) were randomly assigned to one of five treatments during winter (98 days): grazing winter grass pasture at a forage allowance of 5 kg dry matter (DM) per 100 kg BW, or receiving a feedlot total mixed ration (70% concentrate/ 30% roughage) differing in FO (2.2%, 2.5%, 2.9%, and 3.2% BW on a DM basis). During spring (84 days), all treatments grazed a mixed grass-legume pasture (6 kg DM/100 kg BW, 2524 ± 880 kg DM/ha) in weekly plots (n = 2 plots/ treatment). BW was recorded every 14 days. DMI was measured daily at feedlot and estimated on even weeks as the difference between pre-and post-grazing pasture DM biomass during grazing period. Data were analyzed using a completely randomized design, and orthogonal contrasts to compare feeding system effects (feedlot (FL) vs. grazing (GR)) and the linear or quadratic effects of FO in the feedlot. During winter (Table 1), FL animals exhibited greater ADG (1.07 vs. 0.59 kg/d, SE: 0.04, P < 0.0001) and better FG (4.90 vs. 6.42 kg DM/kg BW, SE: 0.14, P = 0.0002) compared to GR. These responses were the opposite during spring, with a worst FG observed for feedlot animals (33.59 vs. 18.80; SE: 1.80, P = 0.0007) due to lower ADG (0.21 vs. 0.48; SE: 0.07, P = 0.0007). Lower ADG in the FL group during spring was primarily explained by significant weight loss during the first two grazing weeks compared to GR (-0.46 vs. 0.44 kg/day, SE: 0.08, P < 0.001). However, over the entire winter-spring period, FL animals demonstrated greater ADG compared to GR (0.68 vs. 0.56 kg/day, SE: 0.05, P = 0.0092) and better FG (10.71 vs. 9.65 kg DM/kg LW, SE: 0.36 P = 0.0508). Within the FL group during the winter-spring period, ADG increased linearly with FO (P = 0.0196), though no significant differences were observed in FG (P = 0.0916). No quadratic significant effects were found for any of the variables analyzed. Results evidence that over the entire winter-spring period, FL animals showed higher overall ADG and FG compared to grazing animals. Additionally, increasing FO linearly improved ADG and final BW by the end of spring.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"264 A holistic nutritional approach for modulation of microbiome to improve pig performance and support health","authors":"Brooke Smith, Richard Faris, Wesley Schweer, Sabrina May, Qiong Hu, Caroline Gonzalez-Vega, Ehsan Khafipour","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf102.199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf102.199","url":null,"abstract":"The gut microbiome is in an intimate symbiosis with its host and their interactions have profound effects on the physiology, health, and performance of pigs across all life stages. Within this symbiosis, the establishment of a healthy and productive gut microbiome is influenced by numerous factors including diet and non-diet related factors, though feed composition and feeding strategy remain major driving forces. Stepping back to a higher vantage point, a holistic, practical approach to promotion of a gut microbiome through nutrition so that it functions in a manner that is beneficial to the host and decreases the host’s susceptibility to disease can be discussed. Practical nutritional considerations include introduction of ingredients and nutrients that support normal gastrointestinal tract (GIT) development, understanding how different bioactive compounds interact with the microbiome, and how macronutrients, such as protein, can influence microbiome composition and function. For GIT development, establishment of early, sustained feed intake is crucial for mucosal barrier function and to reduce disruptions to normal GIT transit or disruptions in normal intake patterns, which can help minimize niche proliferation of opportunistic and pathogenic species. Introduction of fibrous feedstuffs in the immediate pre- and postweaning periods can aid in promotion of feed exploration and transitionary feed intake. Selection of fiber sources and the respective type of fiber they provide can differentially aid in the establishment and adaptation of the microbiome to utilize solid feed postweaning. In addition to fiber, other nutritional bioactive technologies (such as phytogenics, organic acids, and pre-/pro-/post-biotics can exert suppressive effects on certain pathogenic bacterial pathogens and improve the relative robustness and resilience of microbial populations though their mechanisms of action differ. Due to these different mechanisms and interactions with the microbiome, the time it takes for the gastrointestinal environment to respond to either promotive or suppressive approaches can vary, from a few days to a few weeks, and needs to be considered when developing a postweaning feeding strategy. The combination of promotive and suppressive effects by these bioactives can aid in creation of a microbiome that is more resistant to disturbances from stressor exposures. When reflecting on ingredients that provide other key macronutrients, protein source selection can prove difficult when trying to control the proteolytic activity of microbes and subsequent proliferation of pathogens while the GIT is developing. Incorporation of further processed protein sources, like soybean meal, into diet formulation can improve protein digestibility and reduce the total undigested protein that reaches the hindgut, improving the synchrony and utilization of fiber and protein fractions in the hindgut. These nutritional considerations, when taken together, provide a roadm","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"29 Impact of insoluble corn-based fiber on fecal microbiome and short chain fatty acid composition in growing pigs","authors":"Hannah Miller, Laura Schroer, Emily Petzel, Chiron J Anderson, Stephan Schmitz-Esser, Aaron Ericsson, Amy L Petry","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf102.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf102.103","url":null,"abstract":"Through the process of fermentation, microbes produce short chain fatty acids (SCFA). Pigs can obtain energy from fibrous feedstuffs through a symbiotic relationship with their gastrointestinal microbiome by absorbing SCFA. By improving our understanding of how the microbiome responds to changes in insoluble dietary fiber, the utilization of fibrous feed ingredients in swine diets may be improved. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of insoluble corn-based fibers (ICBF) over time on the microbial communities and secondary metabolites in the feces of growing pigs. Two replicates of 28 gilts (26.7 ± 2.5 kg BW; PIC800 x Camborough; N=56), were randomly assigned to one of 7 semi-synthetic diets. Dietary treatments included a control (CTL) diet with a formulated total dietary fiber (TDF) value of < 1% and 6 diets with an ICBF replacing 30% of the corn starch in CTL: dehulled degermed corn (DHDG; TDF = 0.89%), ground corn (COR; TDF = 3.80%), corn gluten meal (CGM; TDF = 4.36%), high protein dried distillers grains (HP; TDF = 7.00%), dried distillers grains (DDGS; TDF = 7.93%), and corn bran (BRN; TDF =12.29%). Pigs were individually housed and limit-fed 2.4 times maintenance. On days 10, 20, and 30 feces for 16S rRNA gene microbiota and SCFA analysis were collected. Differences in individual operational taxonomic units (OTU) were compared using Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size. Data for alpha diversity metrics and SCFA were analyzed as a mixed model with replicate as a fixed or random effect, respectively, and fixed effects of treatment, day, and treatment by day interactions. Of the top 100 OTU, 89 had significant treatment by day interactions (P< 0.05). Chao1 species richness estimate had significant treatment by day interactions (P<0.01). Day 10 Chao1 index ranged from 510 to 873 for all treatments. From D10 to D20, diets including ICBF resulted in a 3-to-6-fold increase. The Chao1 index was greatest for COR and CGM diets with a slight reduction in DHDG, DDGS, and BRN; there was no change between CTL D10 and CTL D20. ICBF diets were similar from D20 to D30, except for CGM, which had a slight reduction in the Chao1 index on D30 relative to D20. From D20 to D30, CTL had a 5-fold increase but was still reduced relative to all other diets. Percent proportions of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and isobutyrate have significant treatment by day interactions (P< 0.01). Proportions of acetate decreased over time in COR while CTL and DHDG increased. Proportions of propionate decreased over time in CTL, CGM, and BRN, while COR increased. Proportions of butyrate decreased in CTL and DHDG over time. Collectively, these data show how inclusions of ICBF can influence microbiota and SCFA composition.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"112 Effects of dietary acidifiers and other low acid-binding capacity-4 formulation strategies on nursery pig performance and fecal dry matter","authors":"Ethan B Stas, Michael D Tokach, Joel M DeRouchey, Jason C Woodworth, Robert D Goodband, Jordan T Gebhardt","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf102.136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf102.136","url":null,"abstract":"A total of 725 pigs (initially 5.9 kg) were used to determine the effects of low acid-binding capacity (ABC-4) formulation strategies on nursery pig performance and fecal dry matter (DM). At weaning, pigs were randomly allotted to 1 of 5 dietary treatments. There were 5 pigs per pen and 29 replications per treatment across two facilities. Pigs were fed experimental diets in two phases with phase 1 provided with a feed budget of 2.3 kg/pig followed by phase 2 diets fed until d 24 post-weaning. The first 3 treatments were formulated to approximately 200 and 250 meq/kg in phases 1 and 2, respectively, by using three different formulation strategies. The three formulation strategies included: 1) lowering the Ca:P ratio by 0.20 by reducing limestone inclusion, 2) addition of 0.6% formic acid (Amasil NA; BASF; Florham Park, NJ), and 3) replacing whey permeate (Dairylac 80; International Ingredients Corporation; St. Charles, MO) with crystalline lactose. Fumaric acid (Primary Products Ingredients Americas LLC, Decatur, IL) was also included at 0.46% for all low ABC-4 diets across both phases. Treatment 4 was a high ABC-4 diet formulated to be 100 meq/kg greater than the low ABC-4 diets. The first 4 dietary treatments contained 110 mg/kg of Zn provided by the trace mineral premix. Treatment 5 was formulated the same as treatment 4 but with the addition of 3,000 and 2,000 mg/kg of Zn from ZnO in phases 1 and 2, respectively. Following phase 2, all pigs were fed a common corn-soybean meal-based diet until the completion of the study on d 38 post-weaning. In the experimental period (d 0 to 24) and overall (d 0 to 38), pigs fed the crystalline lactose diet had decreased (P < 0.05) ADFI compared to pigs fed the other low ABC-4 formulation strategies. In the experimental period (d 0 to 24) and overall (d 0 to 38), pigs fed the low ABC-4 diets had increased (P ≤ 0.022) G:F compared to pigs fed the high ABC-4 diet. In the experimental period (d 0 to 24), pigs fed the diet containing ZnO had increased (P ≤ 0.001) ADG and ADFI compared to pigs fed the high ABC-4 diet without ZnO. On all fecal collection periods (d 8, 17, and 24), pigs fed the low ABC-4 diets had increased (P ≤ 0.024) fecal DM compared to pigs fed the high ABC-4 diet. In summary, low ABC-4 diets increased G:F and fecal DM regardless of the formulation strategy. However, replacing whey permeate with crystalline lactose decreased ADFI. In addition, pigs fed diets containing fumaric and formic acid had the same final BW and overall ADG as those fed the high ABC-4 diet with pharmacological levels of Zn.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"194 Substituting DDGS with soybean meal in feedlot diets: Impacts on small intestinal amino acid flow and digestibility","authors":"Grace H Jardon, Edeino Detmann, Zachary K Smith, Warren C Rusche, Ana Clara B B Menezes","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf102.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf102.031","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of substituting DDGS with soybean meal (SBM) on nutrient and amino acid (AA) intake, flow, and digestibility. Red Angus steers (n = 4; BW = 360 ± 9 kg) with ruminal, duodenal, and ileal cannulas were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square. Diets consisted of dry-rolled corn (70%), hay (10%), liquid supplement (5%), and test ingredients (15%). Treatments were (DM basis): 1) 15.0% DDGS (CON); 2) SBM in replacement of 50% of DDGS (SBM50); 3) SBM in replacement of 75% of DDGS (SBM75), and 4) SBM in replacement of 100% of DDGS (SBM100). Each period lasted 18-d, consisting of a 10-d diet adaptation followed by an 8-d collection period. Steers were dosed intraruminally with chromic oxide (16 g/d) as an indigestible marker from d 8 to d 15. Total fecal collections were conducted from d 11 to d 15 of each period. Duodenal and ileal collections were taken from d 13 to d 15, totaling 8 samples per site in 9-h intervals, representing 24-h sampling. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS, with treatment included as a fixed effect and period and animal as random effects. Linear, quadratic, and cubic contrasts were applied to assess the response patterns to varying levels of DDGS and SBM. The apparent digestibility of total AA (individual, essential EAA [EAA], and nonessential AA [NEAA]) and microbial AA (individual, EAA, and NEAA) in small intestine was calculated by difference between AA flow in duodenum and ileum, divided by duodenal flow. True intestinal digestibility of total AA (individual, EAA, and NEAA) and microbial AA (individual, EAA, and NEAA) was estimated by linear regression model fitted between the AA absorbed in small intestine (Y; g/d) and their respective duodenal flow (X; g/d). The intercept of the equation represented the endogenous losses, and the slope represented the true digestibility of the total AA or microbial AA. The amount of essential AA (EAA) and nonessential AA (NEAA) reaching the small and large intestines was not affected by treatment (P ≥ 0.37). Total tract digestibility of EAA and NEAA was not affected by treatment except for lysine (P = 0.03, linear effect), tryptophan (P = 0.03, linear effect), and arginine (P = 0.05, linear effect), which increased linearly with the inclusion of soybean meal. True intestinal digestibility of individual EAA varied from 79.46% for histidine to 89.11% for lysine, while for NEAA it varied from 70.43% for cysteine to 89.65% for tyrosine. In conclusion, the flow of lysine to the small intestine (feed or microbial origin) did not vary between the protein sources evaluated in this study; however, increased inclusions of SBM increased lysine digestibility.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PSII-5 Characterization of the endometrial epithelium of postpartum dairy cows using a multimodal transcriptomic approach to investigate disease programming of fertility","authors":"Isabella Sellmer Ramos, Joao G N Moraes, Monica O Caldeira, Matthew C Lucy, Amanda L Patterson","doi":"10.1093/jas/skaf102.301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaf102.301","url":null,"abstract":"The productive lifespan of cattle destined to milk production is currently suboptimal in most dairy systems across the US due to the high incidence of health disorders and reproductive failure affecting postpartum lactating cows. Bacterial access to the underlying endometrial stroma, early postpartum, can create a chronic inflammatory state. Chronic endometrial inflammation is linked to metritis, an early postpartum uterine disease affecting approximately 40% of lactating dairy cows and delays the reestablishment of the uterine histoarchitechture. We investigated decreased fertility in lactating dairy cows that experience uterine disease and determined that metritis delays the reestablishment of the endometrial epithelium within the first 30 days postpartum (dpp), with greater impact observed within the epithelium located at the endometrial stratum basalis (closest to myometrium). These findings led us to hypothesize that early postpartum uterine disease prevents the adequate regeneration of the GE through its effect on a population of stem/progenitor cells that may reside within the stratum basalis and potentially give rise to the GE during uterine involution. To test this hypothesis, we used a combined transcriptomic approach to 1) better comprehend the heterogeneity of transcriptional profiles within the regenerating endometrial epithelium using high-resolution single nuclei RNA-seq, 2) to further characterize the spatial distribution of distinct and/or unique epithelial populations within the bovine endometrium using spatial transcriptomics. To test our hypothesis, we utilized the whole tissue Visium technology (10X Genomics) of healthy (n = 3) and snRNA-seq (Chromium Single Cell 3’) of healthy (n =1) and diseased (n = 1) cows slaughtered at 30 dpp. Fresh dissociated endometrial tissue (snRNA-seq) and OCT-fixed cross-sections were processed and sequenced in an Illumina NovaFlowSeq 6000. FASTQ files and respective images (Visium) were processed for each sample and aligned to the Bos taurus reference genome using SpaceRanger or CellRanger countpipelines. Subsequent analyses were conducted through the Seurat package of RStudio. Count matrices were individually normalized using SCTransform, and subsequently integrated (CCAIntegration) separately for Visium and Chromium experiments. Chromium samples were submitted to dimensionality reduction and clustering, and subsequently mapped to Visium objects through anchor-based integration for prediction of cell type spatial distribution. We identified a population of LGR5+ epithelia mapped to the upper stratum basalis, and two populations of N-cadherin (CDH2+) at the lower basalis. At single-nuclei resolution, N-cadherin+ clusters were marked by unique signatures of Wnt signaling (CDH2+LEF1+) and pluripotency (CDH2+KIT+), while the LGR5+ cluster was marked by differential expression of SOX9, suggesting the presence of an epithelial stem/progenitor pool. When stratified by disease status, LGR5 expression l","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144104565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}