Journal of animal science最新文献

{"title":"193. Increasing Organic Trace Mineral Supplementation During Late Gestation and Lactation Influences Sow Iron Status and Litter Weaning Performance in Prolific Sows.","authors":"Katlyn A McClellan, Darcy Pamulaklakin, Courtney Pohlen, Joshua Jendza, Eric M Weaver","doi":"10.1093/jas/skag272.167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skag272.167","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing dietary TM supplementation during late gestation and lactation on reproductive performance and sow and progeny iron status. Forty-five sows (parity 0–4) at 70 ± 2 d of gestation were alloted by parity, body weight (BW), and blood hemoglobin (Hb) and assigned to one of four dietary treatments: 1) control with no supplemental TM (CON), 2) TM supplied at NRC (2012) estimated requirements (NRC), 3) 2 × NRC TM levels (2×NRC), or 4) 3 × NRC TM levels (3×NRC). Trace minerals were supplied in organic forms, with zinc, iron, copper, and manganese provided as polysaccharide-complexed sources. Selenium inclusion was constrained to remain within established regulatory limits across all treatments. Sow blood samples and BWs were collected on d 70, 90, and 110 of gestation and on d 2 of lactation and at weaning (lactation d 20 ± 3). Piglets were weighed and tested for Hb at birth (N = 732) and weaning (N = 639). Blood samples were collected from two piglets per litter (n = 140) at 40–48 h after birth and again at weaning. Data was analyzed using PROC MIXED (SAS 9.4) with dietary treatment as a fixed effect and sow as a random effect, and orthogonal polynomial contrasts were used to evaluate quadratic responses to increasing TM supplementation. Day 90 gestation sow Hb responded quadratically to increasing trace mineral supplementation (CON: 11.6 g/dL; NRC: 11.7 g/dL; 2xNRC: 12.8 g/dL; 3xNRC: 12.2 g/dL, quadratic: P = 0.076), with the fitted model estimating maximal Hb concentration at 2.4 × NRC recommendations. Predicted peak Hb concentration at the estimated optimum was 12.4 g/dL. Reproductive traits, including total born, liveborn, stillborn percentage, and farrowing duration, as well as sow BW, were not affected by treatment. Number of pigs weaned increased and then decreased (quadratic, P = 0.014) as TM supplementation increased (CON: 12.91; NRC: 14.72; 2xNRC: 15.00; 3xNRC: 14.17). Piglet wean weights tended to be greater in the 2xNRC (6.34kg) than the other treatment groups (CON: 5.71kg; NRC: 5.59 kg; 3xNRC: 5.61kg; P = 0.091). Total litter wean weight exhibited a quadratic response to increasing TM supplementation (CON: 76.78 kg ; NRC: 80.31kg; 2xNRC: 91.15kg; 3xNRC: 79.56kg, quadratic: P = 0.072), with the fitted model estimating maximal litter wean weight at approximately 1.75 × NRC recommendations. The predicted litter wean weight at the estimated optimum was 86.9 kg. In conclusion, maternal Hb concentration and litter wean weight were optimized at different organic TM inclusion levels, suggesting that supplementation at 1.75 to 2.0 × NRC TM estimated requirements supports maternal iron status without compromising litter growth performance.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149078011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"45. Consumption, Ruminal Degradation, and Rumen Accumulation of a Novel Compostable Hay-bale Net-wrap.","authors":"Abigail K Wall, Timothy Mutsvangwa, Flavia O S van Cleef, Brenda J Ralston, Obioha N Durunna, Andrea M Hanson, Gabriel O Ribeiro","doi":"10.1093/jas/skag272.089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skag272.089","url":null,"abstract":"The replacement of synthetic plastic twine and net wrap with biodegradable or compostable alternatives has the potential to reduce single-use plastic waste and minimize health risks associated with accidental ingestion by livestock. A recently developed compostable net wrap [Nature's Net Wrap (NNW)] has been proposed as an environmentally sustainable alternative, although little is known about its fate following consumption by ruminants. Therefore, three studies were conducted to evaluate the ruminal disappearance and potential accumulation of the NNW when ingested by cattle. In Study 1, ruminal degradability of NNW was evaluated using in situ ruminal incubation. Grass hay alone or grass hay plus NNW (6 × 28 cm; ∼0.43 g) placed in sealed nylon bags was incubated in the rumens of four cows for 0, 1, 7, 14, 28, 56, 84, 112, and 140-d. Samples were analyzed to determine dry matter (DM) disappearance over time. In Study 2, feeding behaviour and inadvertent intake of NNW were assessed in a 7-d trial with six ruminally cannulated heifers fed grass hay containing NNW at 0.042 ± 0.005 % of diet DM following a 14-d adaptation period. On d 7 of the trial, a total rumen evacuation was performed to recover any ingested NNW still present in the rumen. In Study 3, the same heifers each received 26.2 g of NNW weekly through the ruminal cannula for four consecutive weeks. Total rumen evacuations were performed before the first insertion and 7 and 14-d after the final insertion to determine whether NNW accumulated in the rumen. In Study 1, data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with d as a fixed effect for the evaluation of the NNW disappearance, and treatment, d, and treatment × d as fixed effects for hay disappearance, with cow included as a random effect, and significance declared at P < 0.05. The NNW DM disappearance increased over time (P < 0.01), but only 0.6% DM loss was observed after 140 d. Grass hay incubated with NNW had slightly greater DM disappearance than hay alone (P < 0.01), but no treatment × d interaction was detected (P = 0.50). In Study 2, heifers consumed 61.6 ± 11.5% of the NNW offered, and 20.6 ± 15.2% of NNW consumed was recovered upon rumen evacuation. In Study 3, of 96.1 ± 7.4% of the NNW inserted into the rumen had disappeared by 7-d, and 99.6 ± 0.8% by 14-d. Overall, NNW exhibited minimal ruminal degradation when placed in nylon bags but disappeared rapidly from the rumen when consumed freely, likely due to mechanical fragmentation from chewing and rumination, and ruminal passage. These results suggest that while NNW is not ruminally degradable, it does not appear to accumulate in the rumen when small quantities are ingested.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149077523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"182. Effects of Low-dose Antimicrobial Feeding on the Ruminant Gastrointestinal Tract Bile Acid Profile over Time.","authors":"Lester Nolasco, Theresa M Casey, Christina R Ferreira, Jon P Schoonmaker","doi":"10.1093/jas/skag272.270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skag272.270","url":null,"abstract":"A more mechanistic understanding of how antimicrobial supplementation (Tylosin plus Monensin) affects the ruminant gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in high grain diets may help accelerate the development of effective antibiotic alternatives. Previous work in swine has demonstrated that tylosin supplementation alters bile acid (BA) profiles, suggesting that microbiome-driven BA metabolism may be an important pathway through which antimicrobials influence host-microbial interactions in the GIT. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine how low-dose antimicrobial supplementation influences BA profiles in the ruminant GIT over time. A serial slaughter study was conducted using 72 steers (304.2 ± 36.7 kg initial BW). All steers were fed a high-forage diet pre-study to mimic industry backgrounding conditions, and eight were harvested on day 0 as a baseline. The remaining steers were individually housed, fed a 93% concentrate diet, and beginning on day 1, steers were assigned to one of two dietary treatments: 1) control, without antibiotics, or 2) 75 mg tylosin and 200 mg monensin. Sixteen steers were harvested on day 8, 22, 92, and 172 of the finishing period (n = 8 per treatment per harvest date). At slaughter, samples were obtained from the bile, jejunum, and cecum. Bile acids were extracted from samples with a solid-phase extraction protocol and then analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Data were analyzed using SAS PROC GLIMMIX on a percentage basis. In bile, the proportion of total tauro-conjugated BA and primary tauro-conjugated BA was greater in steers supplemented with Tylosin plus Monensin (T+M) compared with control steers on day 8 (P < 0.05). The proportion of secondary tauro-conjugated BA was also greater in T+M steers on days 8 and 22 (P < 0.05). In contrast, the percentage of primary deconjugated BA was lower in T+M compared to control steers (P < 0.05). In jejunum, on day 8, steers supplemented with T+M had a greater proportion of total conjugated BA, driven primarily by increases in tauro-conjugated BA, including primary tauro-conjugated BA (P < 0.05), which corresponded with the decrease in total and secondary deconjugated BA in T+M steers on day 8 (P < 0.05). No differences were observed in cecal BA composition by class between treatments (P > 0.05). Taken together, these results suggest that T+M alter the BA profile in bile and the jejunum during early adaptation to a high-grain diet, and that these effects are maintained through the first 92 days of the feeding period, likely through reduced microbial deconjugation activity. This shift results in greater proportions of conjugated BA and lower proportions of deconjugated BA, which is associated with a less cytotoxic and hydrophobic BA pool and may support improved intestinal health.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149077783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"156. Influence of Accelerated Feedlot Diet Adaptation, with or without a Calcareous Algae Rumen Buffer Additive, on Growth Performance, Liver Abscess Prevalence, and Carcass Traits of Beef × Dairy Steers.","authors":"Sydney M Bowman-Schnug, Erin N Burke, Ashley K Schilling-Hazlett, Cesar A Velasquez Rios, Benjamin A Wenner, Kim R Stackhouse-Lawson, Pedro Carvalho","doi":"10.1093/jas/skag272.265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skag272.265","url":null,"abstract":"The objectives of this study were to compare the influence of an accelerated feedlot adaptation strategy to a conventional approach and to evaluate the inclusion of a calcareous algae rumen buffer additive within an accelerated adaptation strategy on growth performance, liver abscess prevalence, and carcass characteristics of beef × dairy steers. A total of 157 steers (initial shrunk body weight (SBW) = 215.7 ± 20.8 kg) were received at the CSU research feedlot (Fort Collins, CO), rested for a minimum of 72 hours, and given access to a hay-based diet before processing. Steers were blocked by SBW and allocated to 21 pens. Pens were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: 1) a conventional 28-day adaptation period with 14 days on a 27% roughage (DM basis) starter diet followed by 14 days on an 18% roughage transition diet (CONV); 2) an accelerated 14-day adaptation period on an 18% roughage transition diet (ACON); or 3) an accelerated 14-day adaptation period on an 18% roughage transition diet with inclusion of a calcareous algae rumen buffer (Calmin; Feedworks USA, ltd.) supplied at 50 g/hd daily for the first 28 days on feed (DOF) and 25 g/hd for an additional 7 days (AADD). Individual SBW was collected on d14 and d28, and every 42 days thereafter throughout the 257-day feeding period. Pen was the experimental unit (n = 7). Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models with orthogonal contrasts to evaluate adaptation length (CONV vs. Accelerated [ACC; mean of ACON and AADD]) and additive treatment (AADD vs. ACON). Steers in the CONV treatment exhibited greater (P ≤ 0.02) average daily gain (ADG) and SBW at 28 DOF compared to ACC steers. Additionally, CONV steers tended (P = 0.10) to have greater overall ADG. The ACC steers had greater (P = 0.05) dry matter intake (DMI) from day 28 to 257 and tended (P = 0.07) to have greater DMI overall but were less (P ≤ 0.02) feed efficient than CONV steers. Final SBW and hot carcass weight also tended (P ≤ 0.09) to be greater in CONV compared to ACC. Feedlot growth performance and carcass traits were similar (P ≥ 0.13) for AADD steers compared to ACON. Overall liver abscess prevalence did not differ (P ≥ 0.36) among treatments. However, severe liver abscess incidence (A+, adhered, open, open and adhered) tended (P = 0.06) to be reduced by 81% in AADD compared to ACON. Accelerated diet adaptation hindered early growth and had lasting negative implications for feedlot performance compared to a conventional approach, while inclusion of a calcareous rumen buffer product in an accelerated strategy tended to reduce severe liver abscess prevalence but did not alter growth performance of beef × dairy steers.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"773 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149078021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PS10-18. Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility and Digestible Energy in Bakery Byproducts Fed to Nursery Pigs.","authors":"Hee Eun Oh, Yoon Soo Song, Hyunseok Do, Yeojin An, Beob Gyun Kim","doi":"10.1093/jas/skag272.520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skag272.520","url":null,"abstract":"Ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility and energy values in the ingredients are important for pig diet formulations. Bakery byproducts are often used in swine diets due to the high starch and sugar concentrations. The AA digestibility and energy values of bakery byproducts potentially vary depending on the raw materials and manufacturing processes. The objective of the present experiment was to determine standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA and digestible energy (DE) in bakery byproducts fed to nursery pigs. Additionally, prediction models for estimating SID of AA and DE in bakery byproducts were developed. Five barrows with an initial body weight of 16.6 kg (standard deviation = 1.7) were fitted with a T-cannula at the distal ileum and individually housed in pens. Four sources of bakery byproducts containing 9.1% to 38.4% neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were obtained. Three experimental diets were prepared to contain each bakery byproduct at 96.6% as the sole source of AA and energy. The fourth experimental diet consisted of a source of bakery byproduct (38.4% NDF) at 70.0% as the sole source of nitrogen. A nitrogen-free diet was prepared to determine the basal endogenous AA losses. The experimental diets were assigned to the animals in a 5 × 5 Latin square design with 5 pigs, 5 animals, and 5 periods. Each period consisted of 6 days of adaptation, 1 day of fecal collection, and 3 days of ileal collection. The SID of most AA and DE differed (P < 0.05) among 4 bakery byproducts. The NDF concentration was negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with the SID of all indispensable AA except Lys and DE in bakery byproducts. Prediction models for estimating SID of AA and DE were developed: SID of Met (%) = 86.7 – 0.54 × NDF (r2 = 0.74 and P < 0.001); SID of Thr (%) = 73.4 – 1.00 × NDF (r2 = 0.57 and P < 0.001); DE (kcal/kg as-is) = 4,819 – 81.96 × NDF (r2 = 0.93 and P < 0.001), where NDF is expressed as % as-is. In conclusion, AA digestibility and DE differed among bakery byproducts fed to nursery pigs. The SID of most indispensable AA and DE in bakery byproducts for nursery pigs can be estimated based on NDF.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149077533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PS12-14. Evaluation of Infrared Thermography to Assess Body Temperature in Beef Heifers of Different Breeds and Residual Feed Intake Phenotypes During Winter.","authors":"Londono-Mendez Camila Maria Camila, Sergio Lasso Ramirez, Arturo Macias Franco, Weiguang Hao, Carolyn J Fitzsimmons, Gleise Medeiros Da Silva","doi":"10.1093/jas/skag272.439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skag272.439","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated infrared thermography to assess body temperature in beef heifers with divergent residual feed intake (RFI) during winter. Ninety-eight beef heifers (Angus [AN], Charolais [CH], Kinsella Composite [KC], and Hays Converter [HC]; 235 ± 18.1, 225 ± 18.2, 246 ± 19.5, and 228 ± 17.5 kg body weight, respectively; 8 ± 1 mo of age) were managed in a drylot for 86 d, and fat-corrected RFI was calculated. Heifers were classified as more (LOW-RFI = −0.43 ± 0.308, −0.36 ± 0.307, −0.48 ± 0.386, and −0.54 ± 0.356 kg DM/d; n = 13, 15, 14, and 12 for AN, CH, KC, and HC, respectively) or less efficient (HIGH-RFI = 0.43 ± 0.254, 0.67 ± 0.218, 0.56 ± 0.385, and 0.59 ± 0.348 kg DM/d; n = 13, 8, 12, and 11, respectively). Weather was recorded daily, and infrared images of the frontal bone, eye, nasal bone, snout, cheek, flank, and ventral tail were collected every 17 ± 6 d using FLIR E8 PRO and analyzed using a linear mixed model with RFI, day, and interaction as fixed effects and animal as a random effect (SAS 9.4). Mean air temperature was -23, -11, -12, 3, -27, and 6 °C on d 0, 16, 30, 44, 58, and 85, respectively. Eye temperatures were greater in LOW- vs. HIGH-RFI KC but lower in LOW- vs. HIGH-RFI CH (P < 0.01). Snout temperatures were lower in LOW- vs. HIGH-RFI KC (P = 0.009), but greater in nasal bone in LOW- vs. HIGH-RFI AN (P = 0.03). Tendencies indicated lower snout, ventral tail, and nasal bone temperatures in LOW-RFI AN and CH vs. HIGH-RFI (P < 0.09). Day affected all body regions across breeds (P < 0.01). RFI × day interactions indicated that thermal responses varied with environmental conditions: a higher cheek temperature was found in HIGH-RFI AN at warmest sampling but was lower at coldest (P = 0.02); flank temperature was higher in LOW-RFI than HIGH-RFI CH at − 23 °C (P = 0.03), and eye temperature was higher in LOW-RFI than HIGH-RFI KC at − 12 and −27 °C (P < 0.001). Frontal bone temperature was higher in LOW- vs HIGH-RFI KC at 3 and 6 °C (P = 0.02), while nasal bone increased with warmer air (6 vs. -27 °C) in LOW-RFI HC (P < 0.001). A tendency for a RFI × day interaction was observed in HC for frontal bone and cheek, with higher temperatures in LOW- than HIGH-RFI at 3 and −12 °C (P < 0.09). Infrared thermography detected RFI-related temperature differences across breeds and winter conditions. However, thermal responses varied by region and breed, limiting standalone reliability. Thermography may support feed efficiency classification but requires further validation.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149077618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PS12-13. Comparative Parasitism and Production Performance in Beef Calves Over A 90-Day Grazing Period When Treated with Two Parasiticides.","authors":"Emily A Melchior, Mark Alley, Thomas Short, Catherine Dowling, Mitchell Blanding","doi":"10.1093/jas/skag272.438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skag272.438","url":null,"abstract":"Control of gastrointestinal nematodes is a critical aspect of extensive beef production. Uncontrolled, parasites can erode welfare and performance in affected production classes of cattle. The current study was conducted to compare two anthelmintics: a broad spectrum dual-acting combination endectocide (T01, doramectin + levamisole) and an extended-release single ingredient parasiticide (T02, eprinomectin). Evaluations of fecal egg count reduction and growth performance in weaned beef calves were conducted, as well as an economic comparison in costs for the two treatment groups. Calves were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups where they received either T01 (n = 230) or T02 (n = 230) on day 0. Calves were individually weighed at time of enrollment, and at study completion on day 90. Fecal samples were collected from a subset of calves from each treatment group on day 0, day 21, and day 90 for a total of 52 calves, with 26 represented per treatment group. At enrollment, calves had similar weights (P = 0.67) between treatments T01 (280.68kg), and T02 (281.6kg). Calves had similar final body weights (P = 0.27) at completion of the study on day 90, and similar average daily gain (P = 0.29) between treatment groups. Of the pooled fecal egg count samples taken on Day 21, cattle in T01 receiving a combination of doramectin + levamisole tended to have fewer fecal egg count (P = 0.09) than cattle in T02 receiving eprinomectin, resulting in a 95% fecal egg reduction in calves receiving T01 from Day 0 sampling, and 85% reduction for calves in T02. At the current dosage and cost per mL, treatment cost for calves at the initiation of the study was significantly (P < 0.0001) lower for calves in T01 ($4.40 USD/animal) compared with calves in T02 ($7.84 USD/animal). While there was not a difference in performance as indicated by final body weight and average daily gain, the findings in this study demonstrate both the effectiveness and economic benefit of using a dual-acting combination endectocide compared to use of an extended-release single ingredient parasiticide for control of gastrointestinal nematodes.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"481 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149077619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PS7-23. Effects of Dietary L-glutamate, L-aspartate, and Their Combination on Metabolite Profiles of Weaned Piglets Challenged with Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F18.","authors":"Supatirada Wongchanla, Youngmin Park, Sangwoo Park, Shuhan Sun, Yanhong Liu","doi":"10.1093/jas/skag272.525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skag272.525","url":null,"abstract":"L-glutamate and L-aspartate are functional amino acids essential for intestinal functions and physiological metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the effects of L-glutamate, L-aspartate, and their combination on metabolic alterations of weaned piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Sixty-five weaned pigs (7.59 ± 1.11 kg BW) were randomly assigned to one of five treatments (n = 13). The dietary treatments included a control (CON), CON with 1% glutamate (GLU), CON with 1% aspartate (ASP), CON with 1% glutamate and 1% aspartate combination (GAC), and CON with 50 mg/kg carbadox (ABX) supplementation. All pigs were orally challenged with F18 ETEC for three consecutive days at the dose of 1010 CFU/dose/day. The study period lasted for four weeks, with a 7-day adaptation period and 21 days post-inoculation (PI). Serum samples were collected on d 4 PI and ileal and jejunal mucosa samples were collected on d 5 PI for untargeted metabolomic analysis using gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOF-MS). Metabolomic data were analyzed via MetaboAnalyst 6.0, with statistical significance declared at P < 0.05, false discovery rate (FDR)< 0.2, a variable importance in projection (VIP) score > 1, and fold change > 1.0 for up-regulation and < 1.0 for down-regulation. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was conducted to identify discriminative metabolites among treatments, while pathway and metabolite set enrichment analysis were performed with an impact value > 0.1 considered significant. The findings from this study revealed that aspartate abundance was greater (P < 0.05, FDR < 0.2) in pigs fed GLU or GAC compared with ABX-fed pigs in jejunal mucosa. In ileal mucosa, glutaric acid abundance was increased (P < 0.05, FDR < 0.2) in pigs fed GAC compared with CON-fed pigs. In addition, GLU, ASP, or GAC supplementation strongly increased (fold change > 2.0) the abundance of amino acid–related metabolites, carbohydrate intermediates, nucleotide metabolites, monounsaturated fatty acids, and antioxidant-associated compounds compared with the CON or ABX groups. Pathway enrichment analysis of pigs fed GLU, ASP, or GAC also consistently highlighted modulation (P < 0.05, FDR < 0.2, impact value > 0.1) of alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, the citrate cycle, and glutathione metabolism, and pentose phosphate pathways compared with pigs fed CON or ABX, collectively supporting metabolic adaptation to stress and enteric infection. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of glutamate and/or aspartate altered both systemic and local metabolite profiles, indicating potentially supporting disease resilience in ETEC-challenged weaned pigs.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"151 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149077573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PS8-9. Effects of Temperament on Growth Performance and Metabolic and Hormonal Profile of Bos Indicus-influenced Heifers.","authors":"Isabelle Pinheiro, Ashley K Edwards, Marcelo Vedovatto, Lee Faulk, Barbara Roqueto dos Reis, Giancarlo Pereira Silva, Ronaldo da Silva Junior, Matheus L Ferreira","doi":"10.1093/jas/skag272.561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skag272.561","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of temperament on metabolic and hormonal profiles and growth performance of grazing Bos indicus-influenced heifers. A total of 104 heifers (initial BW = 247 ± 3.4 kg; age = 9 ± 40 d) were evaluated over two years (yr 1, n = 47; yr 2, n = 57). Approximately 30 days post-weaning (d 0), individual temperament was assessed using exit velocity, chute score, and pen score. An overall temperament score was calculated as the average of these traits, and heifers were classified as having adequate temperament (ADQ; score < 3) or excitable temperament (EXC; score ≥ 3). Across years, 65 heifers were classified as ADQ and 39 as EXC. Heifers had free-choice access to Bermudagrass hay and received a supplement at 1% BW until d 56, after which they grazed cool-season forages until d 140. Body weight, hip height, temperament assessments, and blood samples were collected on d 0, 14, 28, 42, 56, 84, 112, and 140. Serum was analyzed for albumin, total protein, urea nitrogen, glucose, creatinine, IGF-1, and cortisol. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS, with heifer as the experimental unit and year as a random effect. Temperament × year × day and temperament × year interactions were not detected for growth or physiological variables (P ≥ 0.18). ADQ heifers were heavier on d 56 (284 vs 277 ± 9.67 kg; P = 0.04) and tended to be heavier on d 84 and 140 (298 vs 290 ± 4.38; P = 0.06). Average daily gain was greater for ADQ heifers from d 0 to 28 (0.74 vs. 0.53 ± 0.09 kg/d; P = 0.02) and from d 0 to 56 (0.71 vs. 0.59 ± 0.09 kg/d; P = 0.04), with a tendency for greater ADG from d 0 to 84 (P = 0.06). A greater percentage of ADQ heifers reached 65% of mature BW by study end compared with EXC heifers (51.3 vs. 30.9 ± 7.61%; P = 0.04). No differences were detected between treatments for albumin, total proteins, creatinine, urea nitrogen, or globulins (P ≥ 0.22). EXC heifers exhibited greater concentrations of glucose (temperament × day; P < 0.001) on d 0, 14, 28 and 56 compared to ADQ heifers. EXC heifers exhibited greater concentrations of cortisol on throughout the study (P = 0.01) compared to ADQ heifers. ADQ heifers exhibited greater concentrations of IGF-1 (P = 0.04) on d 56 compared to EXC heifers. In summary, heifers with adequate temperament demonstrated greater early-period BW and ADG, lower glucose and cortisol concentrations, and greater IGF-1 compared with excitable heifers, indicating improved physiological status and growth performance.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149077590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PS8-13. Evaluating the Effects of Natural Preservatives on the Quality Characteristics and Shelf Life of Commercially Available Table Eggs.","authors":"Alondra Desha, Serenity Henderson, Ava Amey, Alainnah Anthony, Marissa Haller, Victoria A Uyanga","doi":"10.1093/jas/skag272.559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jas/skag272.559","url":null,"abstract":"Natural preservatives are explored as coating materials for food preservation due to their biodegradability, antimicrobial properties, and alignment with consumer preferences for safe products. Eggs are perishable products that deteriorate rapidly if they are not handled and stored properly, and the longer the storage time, the greater the egg quality deteriorates, especially at room temperature. However, there is insufficient knowledge about the effectiveness of natural preservatives and coatings in prolonging the shelf life and quality attributes of eggs. A total of 180 fresh, non-fertile eggs of uniform age and flock origin were obtained from commercial stores based on the sell-by date indicated on the packaging. Eggs were randomly assigned to six treatments (n = 30 eggs per treatment): uncoated eggs (control), eggs coated with vegetable oil, or eggs coated with vegetable oil combined with natural preservatives (ginger, lime, moringa, or turmeric). Eggs were stored at room temperature (24 ± 2 °C, 50% relative humidity) and analyzed weekly at 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days for external and internal quality parameters. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with PROC GLM in SAS, considering each egg as an experimental unit. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were determined using Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test. Fresh eggs (day 0) showed no differences in albumen and yolk indices across treatments. Egg weight loss was highest in uncoated eggs at all storage intervals (7, 14, 21, and 28 days) and lowest in lime-coated eggs (P < 0.05). Similarly, albumen pH was highest in uncoated eggs throughout storage, while significantly lower values were observed in coated groups, particularly in lime-treated eggs. At day 7, ginger coating reduced albumen width expansion compared to uncoated eggs. This effect became more pronounced by day 21 in turmeric-, moringa-, and ginger-coated eggs, and by day 28, all coated eggs exhibited reduced albumen spread relative to uncoated eggs. At day 14, turmeric-coated eggs showed increased yolk weight and yolk percentage, while lime coating significantly reduced both albumen and yolk pH compared to other treatments (P < 0.05). At day 21, moringa-coated eggs had higher yolk height and yolk index compared to vegetable oil-only and uncoated eggs. By day 28, several egg quality parameters had markedly deteriorated in uncoated eggs relative to herb-coated groups. Overall, herb-infused edible oil coatings effectively preserved egg quality compared to uncoated eggs, with lime-based coatings showing the greatest protective effect against quality deterioration during storage. Plant-based oils and herbal additives are edible, safe, cost-effective, and readily available, making them promising natural preservatives for extending the shelf life of table eggs, particularly in regions with limited access to refrigeration.","PeriodicalId":14895,"journal":{"name":"Journal of animal science","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149077592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}