Nur Rahmiati, Retno Sari, Tutik Sri Wahyuni, Maria Lucia Ardhani Dwi Lestari
{"title":"Enhancing antioxidant properties of lime juice powder through polyelectrolyte microparticles of chitosan-alginate: Formulation, characterization and stability study.","authors":"Nur Rahmiati, Retno Sari, Tutik Sri Wahyuni, Maria Lucia Ardhani Dwi Lestari","doi":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_556_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_556_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lime (<i>Citrus</i> <i>aurantifolia</i>) juice was reported to contain ascorbic acid (AA) and flavonoids, which has bioactivity as antioxidants. To develop an antioxidant product, improving its stability is necessary due to the perishable characteristics of compounds in lime. Therefore, the formulation of polyelectrolyte microparticles using chitosan and alginate was conducted to overcome the weaknesses. This study aims to evaluate the effect of various chitosan, alginate, and lime juice powder (LJP) concentrations on the physical characteristics and antioxidant activity of LJP encapsulated in chitosan-alginate microparticles (CALM). Microparticles with various concentrations of chitosan and alginate were prepared by ionic gelation method using CaCl<sub>2</sub> as a crosslinker. The microparticles were evaluated for its physical properties and its antioxidant activity using 2-2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl reagent. A one-way ANOVA test and Tukey's honest significant difference <i>post hoc</i> were used to determine the effect of LJP amount on the antioxidant activity. The highest AA content in CALM was 0.14 mg/100 mg, with a % encapsulation efficiency of 18.38% ± 0.02%. Antioxidant activity tests revealed that LJP possessed the strong antioxidant activity with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 32.59 μg/mL, whereas IC<sub>50</sub> values of the microparticles ranged from 24.79 ± 0.03 μg/mL to 39.96 ± 0.07 μg/mL. During storage, the IC<sub>50</sub> of LJP decreased from 32.59 ± 0.13 μg/mL to 65.53 ± 0.03 μg/mL, whereas the IC<sub>50</sub> of microparticles remained stable. This study concluded that the chitosan-alginate polyelectrolyte microparticle formulation can improve and protect LJP's antioxidant activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":"15 3","pages":"231-236"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11404427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inhibitory effects against zoonotic bacteria by <i>Oroxylum indicum</i> ointment and effects to dog wound.","authors":"Patchima Sithisarn, Piyanuch Rojsanga, Pakatip Ruenraroengsak, Pongtip Sithisarn","doi":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_97_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_97_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A topical antimicrobial ointment was developed from the fruit extract of <i>Oroxylum</i> <i>indicum</i> and was evaluated for its antibacterial and wound-healing effects and acute toxicity in animal models. <i>O.</i> <i>indicum</i> fruit and seed extracts exhibited antibacterial activities against clinically isolated bacteria and showed <i>in vitro</i> antioxidant activities. To develop a topical antimicrobial ointment from the fruit extract of <i>O.</i> <i>indicum</i> and evaluate for its antibacterial and wound-healing effects. <i>O.</i> <i>indicum</i> fruit extract ointment was prepared and qualitatively controlled. Acute toxicity of the extract was evaluated in the animal model. Antibacterial effects and healing effects of the ointment to the dog wound were investigated. The results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The ointment exhibited <i>in</i> <i>vitro</i> antibacterial effects. A single daily application of the ointment to a dog's wound exhibited a wound-healing effect with complete epithelialization within 7 days while the wound was completely healed with the removal of the scabs, the size was decreased to 14% of the original size within 12 days. The ointment was found no acute toxicity in the animal model. <i>O.</i> <i>indicum</i> ointment promoted <i>in vitro</i> antibacterial activity and wound-healing effect in dogs with no acute toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":"15 3","pages":"156-160"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11404433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hayder Adnan Fawzi, Saif Nabeel Akram, Aya Fawzi Talib, Mustafa Hasan Alwan, Luma Amer Yasir
{"title":"Comparing monotherapy with tadalafil or tamsulosin in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia: A case-control study.","authors":"Hayder Adnan Fawzi, Saif Nabeel Akram, Aya Fawzi Talib, Mustafa Hasan Alwan, Luma Amer Yasir","doi":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_87_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_87_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a chronic disorder that inflicts severe symptoms on middle-aged men. The current study compared the effects of tadalafil and tamsulosin on urological parameters after 3 and 6 months of therapy. A retrospective case-control study was conducted, in which 100 patients with moderately severe BPH were divided into two groups based on their treatment: 50 patients were given tamsulosin 0.4 mg/day and group 50 patients were administered tadalafil 5 mg daily. All patients continued therapy for approximately 6 months, and their urological parameters were assessed at baseline and after 3 and 6 months. There was no significant difference in the overall effect on the International Prostate Symptom Score at the end of the study using two-way ANOVA analysis (<i>P</i> = 0.448). The intercourse number was significantly improved by tadalafil compared to tamsulosin (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The prostatic-specific antigen, postvoiding residual, and prostatic volumes were not significantly different between tadalafil and tamsulosin (<i>P</i> = 0.198, 0.163, and 0.183, respectively). In conclusion, tadalafil, 5 mg once daily, appears to have similar efficacy to tamsulosin, with significant improvement in the patient's erectile function. Tadalafil can be used for 6 months for moderate-to-severe lower urinary tract symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":"15 3","pages":"161-165"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11404432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of hesperidin in the prevention of aluminum chloride-induced testicular dysfunction in rats.","authors":"Subramani Parasuraman, Loh Yee Huey, Yap Shen Jee","doi":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_458_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_458_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hesperidin is a citrus bioflavonoid and has numerous pharmacological actions. Hesperidin's effect on testicular dysfunction has not been well researched. Hence, the present study is aims to investigate the effect of hesperidin on aluminium chloride (AlCl<sub>3</sub>)-induced testicular dysfunction in rats. Both vitamin C (200 mg/kg) and hesperidin (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) were administered orally for 21 days. At the end of the study, the blood samples were obtained from all animals for investigation of biochemical and hematological parameters. Then, bilateral orchiectomy was carried out to remove testicles from the animals, and sperm was collected and examined under a microscope. Finally, organs such as the liver, kidney, and testicles were also collected and utilized for histopathological analysis. Part of the liver sample was used for determination of antioxidant enzymes such as reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) levels. The rats administered with AlCl<sub>3</sub> showed elevated levels of biochemical and hematological parameters and a reduction in levels of sperm count, sperm motility, and oxidative stress parameters, whereas the rats administered with vitamin C/hesperidin (200 and 400 mg/kg) were able to ameliorate AlCl<sub>3</sub>-induced testicular dysfunction by attenuating AlCl<sub>3</sub>-induced changes in biochemical and hematological parameters, sperm motility, sperm count, and oxidative stress. Both vitamin C and hesperidin had significant ameliorative effects against AlCl<sub>3</sub>-induced testicular dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":"15 3","pages":"194-199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11404443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Potential antioxidant and antiradical agents from <i>Allium ascalonicum</i>: Superoxide dismutase and density functional theory <i>in silico</i> studies.","authors":"Dwipa Ajiati, Dadan Sumiarsa, Meiny Faudah Amin, Dikdik Kurnia","doi":"10.4103/japtr.japtr_525_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/japtr.japtr_525_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antioxidants are compounds that can inhibit excessive free radical reactions in the body. Excessive free radicals can cause system imbalances in the body which can trigger oxidative stress and cause serious illness. The limitations of antioxidants in the body can be overcome by consuming safe natural additional antioxidants that can be obtained from natural products. Isolating compounds of <i>Allium</i> <i>ascalonicum</i> leaves as antioxidant and antiradical agents in inhibiting excessive free radicals by <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in</i> <i>silico</i>. The extracted compounds were purified by column chromatography. The compounds obtained were then characterized using ultraviolet, infrared, NMR, and mass spectrometry. Determination of antioxidant activity was carried out by <i>in</i> <i>vitro</i> using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the non-enzymatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) methods. The <i>in</i> <i>silico</i> study used the density functional theory (DFT) calculation method with global descriptive parameters (GDP), donor acceptor map (DAM), and frontier molecular orbitals (FMO) analysis. Three compounds have been isolated, of which compound <b>1</b> is a new compound. In the DPPH method, compound <b>1</b> has more strong antioxidant activity than others, as well as in the non-enzymatic SOD method. Whereas, in the DFT calculation shows that compound <b>1</b> has the best reactivity and stability between other compounds and was categorized as the best antiradical. Compound <b>1</b> has the highest antioxidant activity compared to the other compounds by <i>in</i> <i>vitro</i> both the DPPH and non-enzymatic SOD methods. <i>In</i> <i>silico,</i> compound 1 has the potential as the best antiradical.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":"15 3","pages":"171-176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11404429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dewi Melani Hariyadi, Lubby Razan Fawwaz, Abdul Fattah, Tutiek Purwanti, Tristiana Erawati
{"title":"Physical characteristics of quercetin pulmospheres using combination of alginate-carrageenan: Effect of polymer concentration.","authors":"Dewi Melani Hariyadi, Lubby Razan Fawwaz, Abdul Fattah, Tutiek Purwanti, Tristiana Erawati","doi":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_34_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_34_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Indonesia is the second country with the highest number of tuberculosis (TB) cases in the world and the first in Southeast Asia, according to WHO Global Report 2020. Quercetin has been tried as an alternative therapy and was found effective. This study aims to optimize quercetin pulmospheres using combination polymers and study its characteristics as an inhalation delivery system. Combination polymers provide the advantages of safe, mucoadhesive, and compact pulmospheres. Pulmospheres were made as formula F1, F2, and F3 (polymer ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3), respectively. Pulmospheres were made with quercetin 0.2%, alginate-carrageenan (total concentration of 1.8%), and CaCl<sub>2</sub> 0.5 M. Characterization of particle size, morphology, moisture content (MC), yield, drug loading, and entrapment efficiency (EE) were conducted. The yield range was from 83.89 to 86.30% ± 4.59%. MC range was from 4.23 to 5.12% ± 0.05%. Particle size was <3 µm (between 2.19 and 2.76 ± 0.149 µm), spherical shape and smooth surface. EE range was 60.69% ± 4.45% to 77.86% ± 1.74% and the drug loading range was 1.66-2.09% ± 0.15%. F2 formula with a polymer ratio of 1:2 was the best quercetin pulmospheres. Potential pulmospheres will then be recommended for <i>in vitro</i> release and <i>in vivo</i> study.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":"15 3","pages":"220-224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11404438/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dhiya Altememy, Maryam Haji Ghasem Kashani, Amirahmadi Fateme, Pegah Khosravian
{"title":"New method to induce neurotrophin gene expression in human adipose-derived stem cells <i>in vitro</i>.","authors":"Dhiya Altememy, Maryam Haji Ghasem Kashani, Amirahmadi Fateme, Pegah Khosravian","doi":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_390_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_390_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rosemary leaf extract, a well-known medicinal plant, can induce neurotrophin gene expression and proliferation in stem cells. Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) with high proliferation and differentiation capacity are easily accessible and can be extracted with the least damage. This study evaluated the effect of rosemary extract (RE) on neurotrophin gene expression at 48 h postinduction in hASCs. hASCs were isolated from healthy female donors, aged 28-35 years, who had undergone abdominal liposuction. Passage-4 stem cells were cultured and treated with different doses of RE (from 30 to 70 µg/ml) containing 40% carnosic acid for 48 h. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to check the expression of neurotrophin genes. The expression of <i>NTF3</i>, <i>NTF4</i>, and nerve growth factor genes in cells treated with 40-60 µg/ml and the expression of <i>GDNF</i> in cells treated with 50-70 µg/ml of RE for 48 h showed a significant increase compared to cells cultured in serum-containing medium. However, different doses of RE showed no effect on brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene expression in the treated cells. RE (50, 60 µg/ml) leads to an increase of neurotrophin gene expression in hASCs as compared to routine cell culture. Hence, this protocol can be used to prepare ideal cell sources for cell therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":"15 3","pages":"214-219"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11404434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bioadhesive polymer in antifungal drug delivery for therapeutic treatment of candidiasis.","authors":"Muhamad Naquib Faisal Roslan, Idanawati Naharudin, Nafisah Musa, Nor Khaizan Anuar","doi":"10.4103/japtr.japtr_538_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/japtr.japtr_538_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Candida species are the primary cause of candidiasis, a common yeast infection, with <i>Candida</i> <i>albicans</i> being the most prevalent pathogen. These infections often infiltrate the body through cutaneous and vaginal routes. Given the potential severity of some Candida infections, particularly invasive cases, there is a critical need for effective antifungal treatments. Controlled drug delivery strategies have been developed to achieve optimal release kinetics and precise targeting of active agents, especially in fungal infection therapeutics. Consequently, significant attention has been focused on exploring and utilizing bioadhesive polymers to enhance the performance of drug delivery systems for antifungal medications. Bioadhesive drug delivery systems aim to sustain the release of therapeutic agents, reducing the need for frequent dosing. This article provides a comprehensive review of scientific investigations into the use of antifungal drugs within bioadhesive drug delivery systems for treating candidiasis, locally and systemically. The evaluation covers the efficacy of these systems against candidiasis, factors affecting prolonged contact at the application site, and the underlying mechanisms of drug delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":"15 3","pages":"139-143"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11404442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Genetic polymorphism and immunological evaluation of PD-1 in Iraqi patients with acute myeloid leukemia.","authors":"Aseel S Mahmood","doi":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_107_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_107_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PD-1 has a noteworthy function in developing acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The expression of PD-1 on effector T cells is regulated at the protein level depending on the interactions between cells. The objective of the study was to evaluate the PD-1 concentration levels and the polymorphism genetic variants (rs36084323 G/A) in Iraqi Arab patients with AML. Sanger's DNA sequencing was used, and the assessments were done by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and PD-1 gene polymorphism SNP rs36084323 G/A. The frequency of rs36084323 was significantly different between AML and control, with a lower risk for AML seen in patients with GA genotype (odds ratio; 95% confidence interval: 0.53; 0.32-0.87). PD-1 elevated AML compared to control (213.1 pg/mL vs. 178.8 pg/mL). in AML patients, there is upregulation in PD-1, which indicates that PD-1 is a possible biomarker for AML. PD-1 rs36084323 G/A may have a role in AML risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":"15 3","pages":"225-230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11404430/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gene polymorphism impact on opioid analgesic usage.","authors":"Sry Suryani Widjaja, Muhammad Ichwan, Balram Chowbay, Rusdiana, Tengku Helvi Mardani, Vito Filbert Jayalie","doi":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_69_24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_69_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute pain, moderate-to-severe cancer pain, and persistent malignant pain are all frequently treated with opioids. It is regarded as one of the main tenets of analgesic treatment. The relationship between human opioid sensitivity and genetic polymorphism differences has received little attention up to this point in research. Nonetheless, there is mounting proof that pharmacogenomic diversity could affect how each person reacts to opioids. Finding out how gene polymorphism affects analgesic use is the aim of this investigation, particularly opioids. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses standards were followed in the preparation of the systematic review approach used in this work. Oxycodone, fentanyl, raclopride, tramadol, ketorolac, morphine, ropivacaine, levobupivacaine, subfentanyl, remifentanil, and nortriptyline were the opioid medications used in the study, which was based on 13 publications. From those articles, we reviewed the impact of gene polymorphism on pain management and drug pharmacokinetics. Based on this systematic review, we concluded that gene polymorphism of gene affects analgesic, specifically opioid mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":"15 3","pages":"135-138"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11404436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}