JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute最新文献

{"title":"Stat Bite: A reversal of esophageal cancer mortality between non-Hispanic Black and White individuals in the United States.","authors":"Hyuna Sung, Chenxi Jiang, Mark E Sellers, Kathleen A Cronin","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djag032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":"118 4","pages":"766-767"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147645315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing approaches to designing and accelerating evaluation of multicancer early detection tests.","authors":"Hormuzd A Katki","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf282","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djaf282","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"557-559"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146149802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drinking water nitrate, disinfection byproducts, and prostate cancer incidence in the Agricultural Health Study.","authors":"Maya Spaur, Stella Koutros, Lauren M Hurwitz, Cherrel K Manley, Jared A Fisher, Samantha Ammons, Jessica M Madrigal, Dazhe Chen, Christine G Parks, Paul S Albert, Dale P Sandler, Jonathan N Hofmann, Laura E Beane Freeman, Rena R Jones, Mary H Ward","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf350","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djaf350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Drinking water can be an important source of exposure to nitrate and disinfection by-products, including trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs). N-nitroso compounds formed endogenously after nitrate ingestion are animal carcinogens, and THM and HAA exposures increase the risk of some cancers. Our objectives were to evaluate associations of drinking water nitrate and disinfection byproducts with total and aggressive (distant stage, poorly differentiated grade, fatal, or Gleason score ≥7) prostate cancer in the Agricultural Health Study cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male participants who were cancer free and used private wells or public water supplies (PWS) for drinking water at enrollment (1993-1997, n = 40 403) were followed through 2021 (mean = 21.9 years). Average nitrate-nitrogen (nitrate-N) concentrations were estimated for private well users based on state-specific geologic and meteorologic factors. We used monitoring data to compute average nitrate-N, THMs, and HAAs for PWS users. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs, 95% CIs) per doubling and categories of exposure for total (n = 3625) and aggressive (n = 2200) prostate cancer using Cox proportional hazards regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median (interquartile range) average water nitrate-N was 1.49 (0.76-3.01) mg L-1; 6% >10 mg L-1 (PWS maximum contaminant level). Compared to nitrate-N ≤ 1 mg L-1, exposures >10 mg L-1 were significantly positively associated with total (1.16, 1.01-1.35; P = .10 for trend) and aggressive disease (1.22, 1.02-1.47; P = .03 for trend). We observed weak associations between higher nitrate-N (Q4 vs Q1) and total (1.05, 0.95-1.16) and aggressive (1.13, 0.99-1.27) disease. We did not observe associations with total THMs or HAAs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that drinking water nitrate-N exposure, at average levels > 10 mg L-1, is a risk factor for prostate cancer, particularly aggressive disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"680-690"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12832043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145804556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of multiple multi-cancer detection tests using a large independent reference set (Alliance A212102).","authors":"Marie E Wood, Paul F Pinsky, Paul J Novotny, Elyse Leevan, Matthias Weiss, Dan C Edelman, Mark Watson, Christos Patriotis, Jason D Merker, Philip C Prorok, Yujia Wen, Wendy S Rubinstein, Konstantin Dragnev, Amanda L Skarlupka, Hormuzd A Katki, Selina Chow, Margaret Kemeny, Umang Gautam, Aswanth Reddy, William Burak, Steven Piantadosi, Lori M Minasian","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag001","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djag001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Reference sets are needed to evaluate performance of multi-cancer detection (MCD) assays. The National Cancer Institute funded the Alliance reference set study to assess MCDs for use in future trials.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individuals with cancer and controls were recruited; blood specimens were collected prior to cancer treatment. A performance evaluation study was designed utilizing reference set samples. Companies (n = 6) were selected to participate based on review of performance data and ability to utilize the blood collection tube. Companies received samples from cancer types their assay was designed to detect (\"targeted\"), plus additional \"non-targeted\" and control samples. Companies reported positive/negative calls, risk scores, and tissue-of-origin (TOO) predictions. Sensitivity was computed for early (I-II) and late (III-IV) stage cases, based on positive/negative calls (SEPN) and at fixed 98% specificity (SE98). Specificity and TOO accuracy were computed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five hundred and forty nine cases (encompassing 13 cancer types) and 413 controls from the reference set were included in the study. Companies assessed samples from median 6 (range 5-9) targeted cancer types and median 8 (range: 7-11) overall cancer types. Median (range) specificity was 92.3% (76.5%-98.5%). Median (range) SEPN was 32% (25%-42%) for early stage and 73% (48%-89%) for late stage; while median (range) SE98 was 19% (8%-35%) for early stage and 66% (13%-79%) for late stage. Median sensitivity for non-targeted types was 40% (early stage) and 52% (late stage). Median (range) TOO accuracy (primary predicted site) was 75% (64%-78%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sensitivity and specificity varied widely across assays with early-stage sensitivity substantially lower than late-stage sensitivity.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration number: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT05334069.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"730-736"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13064538/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145917559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RE: a prediction model for metachronous colorectal cancer: development and validation.","authors":"Zekai Yu","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf351","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djaf351","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"761-762"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145751841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular and clinical insights of trastuzumab deruxtecan efficacy in advanced breast cancer.","authors":"Amin H Nassar, Elias Bou Farhat, Hassan Abushukair, Michel Alchoueriy, Samer Salem, Marc Machaalani, Elio Adib, Elizabeth P Henske, Priyanka Babu, Toni K Choueiri, Mehrdad Rakaee, Lill-Tove Rasmussen Busund, Yamato Takabe, Shun-Fat Lau, Kerri Rall, Abdul Rafeh Naqash, Caroline Jansen, Xiao Wang, Pavan Challa, Paolo Tarantino, Ann H Partridge, Sara M Tolaney, David J Kwiatkowski, Eric P Winer","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf344","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djaf344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) has transformed the treatment paradigm for HER2-expressing breast cancer, including HER2-low disease. However, biomarkers associated with T-DXd activity remain poorly defined. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of clinical, genomic, and immune correlates of T-DXd outcomes to identify molecular determinants of therapeutic benefit and resistance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed 2 independent cohorts of patients with advanced breast cancer treated with T-DXd at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Yale Cancer Center between 2018 and 2024. We included patients with ≥2 tumor blocks with HER2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) assessments prior to T-DXd. Clinical data on 524 patients were manually reviewed, and genomic profiling and immune microenvironment assessments were performed on a subset of patients. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models evaluated associations between molecular features and overall survival (OS) and time to next treatment (TTNT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 524 patients, HER2 IHC discordance between sequential tumor biopsies was observed in 20% of patients and was independently associated with significantly worse OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.67; P = .012) and TTNT (HR = 0.65; P = .002), resembling outcomes seen in HER2 0 tumors. Genomic analysis revealed that PTEN mutations correlated with inferior TTNT (HR = 2.2; q = 0.068), whereas ERBB2 amplifications predicted improved OS and TTNT. An inflamed tumor microenvironment determined by digital pathology was associated with significantly poorer TTNT outcomes (median TTNT = 5.5 months) compared with immune-desert phenotypes (median OS = 9.6 months, P = .03).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study identifies HER2 IHC discordance and specific genomic and immune features as prognostic biomarkers of T-DXd efficacy. These findings warrant prospective validation and may inform biomarker-driven strategies to optimize T-DXd therapy in HER2-expressing malignancies.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"669-679"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145793700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conditional recurrence-free survival after curative esophagectomy: individual patient data analysis of 11 trials.","authors":"Jun Okui, Satoru Matsuda, Kengo Nagashima, Yasunori Sato, Hirofumi Kawakubo, Thomas Ruhstaller, Peter Thuss-Patience, Magnus Nilsson, Fredrik Klevebro, Lijie Tan, Shaoyuan Zhang, Thomas Aparicio, Guillaume Piessen, Charlène van der Zijden, Bianca Mostert, Bas P L Wijnhoven, Takahiro Tsushima, Hiroya Takeuchi, Ken Kato, Yuko Kitagawa","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf347","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djaf347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Most recurrences after curative surgery for esophageal cancer occur within 2 years. Conventional recurrence-free survival (RFS), calculated from the time of surgery, may underestimate prognosis for patients who remain recurrence-free during the early postoperative years. This study aimed to evaluate conditional RFS and recurrence timing to inform individualized follow-up strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An individual patient data (IPD) analysis was conducted using randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing perioperative treatments for resectable esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer. Conditional RFS, defined as the probability of remaining recurrence-free for an additional y years given x years already survived without recurrence (RFSy|RFSx), was estimated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IPD from 10 phase III and 1 phase II RCTs were analyzed (n = 2268 patients with R0 resection). In squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), RFS5|RFS0 was 47.9%, which increased to 63.0%, 72.5%, 78.2%, and 81.2% at RFS5|RFS1-4. Among patients who recurred, 58.8% of pN-positive cases recurred within 1 year and 81.7% within 2 years, compared with 42.8% and 69.9% in pN0. At baseline (RFS5|RFS0), patients with pN-positive disease or pM1 disease had worse 5-year RFS than those with pN0 or pM0 disease. However, among patients who remained recurrence-free for 4 years after surgery (RFS5|RFS4), the pattern was reversed, with advanced groups showing better subsequent 5-year RFS. Similar trends were observed in adenocarcinoma.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Conditional RFS improves over time, particularly in advanced-stage esophageal cancer. Although advanced cases are typically monitored more intensively, findings suggest comparable follow-up intensity may be appropriate once patients remain recurrence-free for a certain postoperative period.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"737-745"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13064524/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145917553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editor's Note: Co-activation of STAT3 and YES-Associated Protein 1 (YAP1) Pathway in EGFR-Mutant NSCLC.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag009","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djag009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"765"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13064497/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147271095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Sun, Zang, and Chen.","authors":"Xue-Song Chang, Yan-Juan Zhu, Jun J Mao, Hai-Bo Zhang","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag013","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djag013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"759-760"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13064486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146213323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Yu.","authors":"Ye Zhang, Mark A Jenkins","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf352","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djaf352","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"763"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145751852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}