JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute最新文献

{"title":"RE: Effect of chemotherapy and surgery timing on mortality in upper and lower extremity osteosarcoma.","authors":"Liang Liu, Yan Xiao, ShengYao Liu, Zufeng Ye, Wei Liu","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djae332","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djae332","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"805-806"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142931733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of the initial Braidwood v. Becerra ruling for colorectal cancer outcomes: a modeling study.","authors":"Rosita Van Den Puttelaar, Kewei Sylvia Shi, Robert Smith, Jingxuan Zhao, Margaret Katana Ogongo, Matthias Harlass, Anne I Hahn, Ann G Zauber, K Robin Yabroff, Iris Lansdorp-Vogelaar","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djae244","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djae244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Affordable Care Act (ACA) eliminated patient cost-sharing for United States Preventive Service Task Force (USPSTF) recommended services. However, if the US Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit fully upheld a US District Court ruling in Braidwood Management v. Becerra, 666 F. Supp. 3d 613 (N.D. Tex 2023), cost-sharing for USPSTF recommendations made after ACA passage would have been reinstated for more than 150 million people. The case would have reinstated cost-sharing for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening for ages 45-49 years and for polyp removal during (diagnostic) colonoscopy across all ages. Using the MISCAN-Colon model, we simulated the potential impact on CRC outcomes, assuming early-onset CRC trends and lower screening participation. An 8-percentage-point decline in screening participation could increase CRC incidence by 5.1% and CRC mortality by 9.1%, with slightly lower costs due to increased cost-sharing. Larger decreases in screening participation can result in higher costs from increased incidence and delayed diagnoses.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"790-794"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11972676/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142365304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utility of genomic testing in children, adolescents, and young adults with cancer.","authors":"Emily Debortoli, Ella McGahan, Tatiane Yanes, Jennifer Berkman, Noemi Fuentes-Bolanos, Vivienne Milch, Julia Steinberg, Aideen McInerney-Leo","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djae233","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djae233","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genomic testing can inform the diagnosis and personalize management of cancers in children, adolescents, and young adults (CAYA). This scoping review explored the clinical utility and impact of genomic testing in general CAYA cancer cohorts. Relevant records published in English between 2017 and 2024 were identified by searching PubMed. 36 studies (32 original articles; 4 reviews) were identified on genomic testing in CAYA cancers, most of which were advanced cancers. Studies internationally reported that approximately 16%-18% of CAYAs with cancer carry an associated pathogenic germline variant where 40% are de novo, and can guide treatment (eg, DNA repair gene variants). Somatic variants, predominantly copy number or structural rearrangements, inform diagnosis in up to 95% of primary cancers. Between 18% and 69% of patients have a somatic variant with a matched therapy, but only one third receive the genomic-guided recommendation, predominantly due to declining patient condition. Few studies evaluated the impact of matched therapies on response and survival. Combining comprehensive DNA and RNA sequencing maximises sensitivity. Circulating tumour DNA was detected in most primary cancers and shows high concordance with tumour tissue. In conclusion, genomic testing of CAYA cancers is feasible, informs diagnoses and guides personalised care. Further research is needed on response to genomic-guided treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"601-610"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142307796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased occurrence of malignancy before and after chemoradiation for anal squamous cell carcinoma: a multi-institutional analysis.","authors":"Ritesh Kumar, Chris L Hallemeier, Daniel T Chang, Shou-En Lu, Lara Hathout, Vasilis C Hristidis, Krishnan R Jethwa, J Richelcyn M Baclay, Veeraswamy Manne, Zakaria Chakrani, Michael G Haddock, Diego Augusto Santos Toesca, Erqi Liu Pollom, Abraham J Wu, Harigopal Sandhyavenu, Paul B Romesser, Salma K Jabbour","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djae309","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djae309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anal squamous cell carcinoma is a rare cancer with increased occurrence of multiple cancers before and after the anal squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis. However, there are limited data on this aspect. This multi-institutional analysis aimed to define the occurrence of malignancies before and after anal squamous cell carcinoma, time trends, and impact on survival and to identify prognostic factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Initial primary malignancy was defined as a malignancy occurring before the anal squamous cell carcinoma. Second primary malignancy was defined as a distinct primary cancer that developed after anal squamous cell carcinoma diagnosis. Retrospective multi-institutional chart review was done. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival, and prognostic factors were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 647 patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma treated with curative intent were analyzed. Median age was 61.2 years with 72% as females. Of these, 150 (23.3%) patients had multiple malignancies with initial primary malignancy in 16% and second primary malignancy in 8%. Patients without prior cancer had better 5-year PFS (81.2% vs 67.2%, P = .011) and overall survival (81% vs 69%, P = .008) compared with those with prior cancer. Second primary malignancies had a statistically significant adverse impact on PFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 4.22) and overall survival (HR = 3.56). Females had better 5-year PFS (82% vs 70%, P = .016) as compared with males. The median time interval for developing anal squamous cell carcinoma (as second primary malignancy) after initial primary malignancy was 9.32 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Anal squamous cell carcinoma patients have an increased risk of multiple malignancies. These patients who have prior cancers have inferior outcomes. Second primary malignancy is a poor prognostic factor in patients with anal cancer. Second primary malignancy can develop years after treatment of primary anal squamous cell carcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"772-780"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142769075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of breast cancer risk for adolescents and young adults with Hodgkin lymphoma.","authors":"Sander Roberti, Flora E van Leeuwen, Ibrahima Diallo, Florent de Vathaire, Michael Schaapveld, Wendy M Leisenring, Rebecca M Howell, Gregory T Armstrong, Chaya S Moskowitz, Susan A Smith, Berthe M P Aleman, Inge M Krul, Nicola S Russell, Ruth M Pfeiffer, Michael Hauptmann","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djae274","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djae274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although female survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) have an increased risk of breast cancer (BC), no BC risk prediction model is available. We developed such models incorporating mean radiation dose to the breast or breast quadrant-specific radiation doses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Relative risks and age-specific incidence for BC and competing events (mortality or other subsequent cancer) were estimated from 1194 Dutch 5-year HL survivors, treated at ages 11-40 during 1965-2000. Predictors were doses to 10 breast segments or mean breast radiation dose, BC family history, year of and age at HL diagnosis, and ages at menopause and first live birth. Models were independently validated using US Childhood Cancer Survivor Study cohort participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Predicted absolute BC risks 25 years after HL diagnosis ranged from 1.0% for survivors diagnosed at ages 20-24 with less than 10 Gy mean breast radiation dose and who were menopausal 5 years after HL diagnosis, to 22.0% for survivors 25-29 years at diagnosis, with at least 25 Gy mean breast dose and no menopause within 5 years. In external validation, the observed/expected BC case ratio was 1.19 (95% confidence interval 0.97 to 1.47) for the breast segment-specific dose model, and 1.29 (1.05 to 1.60) for the mean breast dose model. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 0.68 (0.63 to 0.74) and 0.68 (0.62 to 0.73), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Breast segment-specific or mean breast radiation dose with personal and clinical characteristics predicted absolute BC risk in HL survivors with moderate discrimination but good calibration, rendering the models useful for clinical decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"619-628"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11972682/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Childhood, adolescent, and young adulthood cancer risk in BRCA1 or BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers.","authors":"Shuai Li, Laura Madanat-Harjuoja, Goska Leslie, Daniel R Barnes, Manjeet K Bolla, Joe Dennis, Michael T Parsons, Paraskevi Apostolou, Norbert Arnold, Kristin Bosse, Jackie Cook, Christoph Engel, D Gareth Evans, Florentia Fostira, Megan N Frone, Andrea Gehrig, Mark H Greene, Karl Hackmann, Eric Hahnen, Nadia Harbeck, Jan Hauke, Julia Hentschel, Judit Horvath, Louise Izatt, Marion Kiechle, Irene Konstantopoulou, Fiona Lalloo, Joanne Ngeow, Dieter Niederacher, Julia Ritter, Marta Santamariña, Rita K Schmutzler, Claire Searle, Christian Sutter, Marc Tischkowitz, Vishakha Tripathi, Ana Vega, Hannah Wallaschek, Shan Wang-Gohrke, Barbara Wappenschmidt, Bernhard H F Weber, Drakoulis Yannoukakos, Emily Zhao, Douglas F Easton, Antonis C Antoniou, Georgia Chenevix-Trench, Timothy R Rebbeck, Lisa R Diller","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djae306","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djae306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Whether carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 pathogenic variants have increased risks of childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancers is controversial. We aimed to evaluate this risk and to inform clinical care of young BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers and genetic testing for childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from 47 117 individuals from 3086 BRCA1 or BRCA2 families, we conducted pedigree analysis to estimate relative risks (RRs) for cancers diagnosed before age 30 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our data included 274 cancers diagnosed before age 30 years: 139 breast cancers, 10 ovarian cancers, and 125 nonbreast nonovarian cancers. Associations for breast cancer in young adulthood (aged 20-29 years) were found with relative risks of 11.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.5 to 23.7) and 5.2 (95% CI = 1.6 to 17.7) for BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers, respectively. No association was found for any other investigated childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer or for all nonbreast nonovarian cancers combined; the relative risks were 0.4 (95% CI = 0.1 to 1.4) and 1.4 (95% CI = 0.7 to 3.0) in BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found no evidence that BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers have an increased childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer risk aside from breast cancer in women aged between 20 and 30 years. Our results, along with a critical evaluation of previous germline sequencing studies, suggest that the childhood and adolescent cancer risk conferred by BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variant would be low (ie, RR < 2) if it existed. Our findings do not support pathogenic variant testing for offspring of BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers at ages younger than 18 years or for conducting BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variant testing for childhood and adolescent cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"728-736"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11972678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RE: Genetic risk, health-associated lifestyle, and risk of early-onset total cancer and breast cancer.","authors":"Ya Zhang, Pengfei Lyu","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djae322","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djae322","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"801-802"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142864215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-grade serous carcinoma occurring after risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy in BRCA1/2 germline pathogenic variant carriers.","authors":"Iris A S Stroot, Joost Bart, Harry Hollema, Marise M Wagner, Refika Yigit, Helena C van Doorn, Joanne A de Hullu, Katja N Gaarenstroom, Marc van Beurden, Luc R C W van Lonkhuijzen, Brigitte F M Slangen, Ronald P Zweemer, Encarna B Gómez Garcia, Margreet G E M Ausems, Fenne L Komdeur, Christi J van Asperen, Muriel A Adank, Marijke R Wevers, Maartje J Hooning, Marian J E Mourits, Geertruida H de Bock","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djae300","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djae300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO) effectively prevents high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) in BRCA1/2 germline pathogenic variant (GPV) carriers. Still, some women develop HGSC after RRSO without pathological findings. This study assessed long-term incidence and risk factors for developing HGSC after RRSO without pathological findings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>BRCA1/2 GPV carriers were selected from the Hereditary Breast and Ovarian cancer in the Netherlands (HEBON) cohort. Follow-up data for HGSC after RRSO were obtained from the Dutch Nationwide Pathology Databank (PALGA) and confirmed by histopathological review. Cumulative incidence rates of HGSC were calculated using Kaplan-Meier analyses. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for factors associated with an increased risk of HGSC after RRSO without pathological findings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2519 women were included, with a median follow-up of 13.4 years (range: 0.0-27.6 years). The 20-year cumulative incidence rate of HGSC was 1.5% (95% CI = 0.0 to 2.1) for BRCA1 and 0.2% (95% CI = 0.0 to 1.4) for BRCA2 GPV carriers. All women who developed HGSC underwent RRSO after the recommended age. Incomplete embedding of the RRSO specimen (HR = 4.2, 95% CI = 1.4 to 12.6), higher age at RRSO (HR per year = 1.1, 95% CI = 1.0 to 1.1), and carrying a BRCA1 GPV (HR = 12.1, 95% CI = 1.6 to 91.2) were associated with increased risk of HGSC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In BRCA1/2 GPV carriers, long-term incidence of HGSC after RRSO without pathological findings was low. Strict adherence to guidelines regarding timely RRSO followed by complete specimen embedding can further reduce the risk of HGSC in the years after RRSO.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"719-727"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142695545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in cancer mortality under age 50 in 15 upper-middle and high-income countries.","authors":"Claudia Santucci, Silvia Mignozzi, Gianfranco Alicandro, Margherita Pizzato, Matteo Malvezzi, Eva Negri, Prabhat Jha, Carlo La Vecchia","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djae288","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djae288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rising cancer incidence, particularly for colorectal cancer, has been reported in young adults. This study examined whether this is related to an increase in mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed World Health Organization mortality data among young adults aged 25-49 years in 15 most populous upper-middle and high-income countries from 1990 to 2021 with reliable data. Midyear populations were retrieved from the United Nations for the American Countries and from the World Health Organization for the other countries. We compared age-standardized mortality rates in 2019-2021 with those in 2009-2011 and performed joinpoint regression analysis for all cancers and selected most common cancer sites: colorectum, pancreas, lung, and breast.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2019-2021, the highest age-standardized mortality rates (per 100 000) were in Romanian males (38.6) and Argentinian females (45.9), while the lowest ones were in Japanese males (16.3) and females (22.7). Age-standardized mortality rates for colorectal cancers increased in 2019-2021 compared with 2009-2011 in 9 countries among men and in 7 countries among women. The highest increases were in the United Kingdom (males: +26.1%; females: +33.7%), Canada (males: +25.3%), and Mexico (males: +33.5%; females: +29.7%). Long-term analysis over the last 3 decades showed declining trends in total cancer mortality in the majority of countries, in lung cancer mortality across all countries, and in breast cancer in all countries except in Latin America.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although mortality from common cancers has generally decreased over the past 3 decades, mortality from colorectal cancer has increased in some countries. This highlights the need to control the obesity epidemic and implement targeted surveillance strategies in young populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"747-760"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11972687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142687122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using GPT-4o to interpret patient-reported outcomes without training.","authors":"Thomas M Atkinson, Aleksandr Petrov, Kathleen A Lynch, Login S George, Jennifer R Cracchiolo, Bobby Daly, Kristen L Fessele, James H Flory, Jun J Mao, Yuelin Li","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf016","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djaf016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"809-811"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11972668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143079348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}