JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute最新文献

{"title":"Sex-specific radiation-associated lung cancer mortality risks as impacted by smoking among US radiological technologists.","authors":"Cato M Milder, Elizabeth K Cahoon, Sara J Schonfeld, Dale L Preston, Bruce H Alexander, Martha S Linet, Cari M Kitahara","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf064","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djaf064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Life Span Study of Japanese atomic bomb survivors estimated greater risks of radiation-associated lung cancer among females than males, with direct implications for occupational radiation safety policy. To evaluate replicability of these findings in radiation workers, we assessed sex-specific radiation-associated risks of lung cancer mortality in a large cohort of US radiological technologists.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from 4 questionnaires (1983-2013), we reconstructed lifetime smoking history for 83 715 female and 26 650 male technologists. We estimated individual lung occupational radiation doses using badge dose and questionnaire data. We used Poisson regression to investigate joint radiation-smoking effects on sex-averaged and sex-specific lung cancer mortality risk.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For 1243 female and 607 male technologists who died from lung cancer, median cumulative lung dose was 16.2 mGy (non-cases: 7.7 mGy) and 24.5 mGy (non-cases: 10.1 mGy), respectively. Excess risk of lung cancer increased with increasing radiation dose. However, smoking modified this effect: the radiation effect at 100 mGy increased until 16 cigarettes/day, after which it declined. Excess relative risk (ERR) per 100 mGy was greater among males (never smoking additive ERR = 1.98; 95% CI = 0.34 to 6.25) than females (never smoking additive ERR = 0.40; 95% CI = -0.02 to 1.21); sex differences persisted up to ∼40 cigarettes/day.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results indicated radiation-associated risks of lung cancer mortality were stronger in males than females, in contrast to the Life Span Study. However, both studies found radiation-associated risks were highest in workers with light-to-moderate smoking intensity. Altogether, these findings reinforce the importance of rigorous radiation protection measures for all radiation workers, regardless of sex, alongside interventions to support smoking cessation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"1429-1437"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12229458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RE: Racial and socioeconomic disparities in non-small cell lung cancer molecular diagnostics uptake.","authors":"Pengxiang Zhou, Jiaojiao Cui, Rujing Sun, Xiao Liu, Guangping Li","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf081","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djaf081","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"1522-1523"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HPV vaccine impact: genotype-specific changes in cervical pre-cancer share similarities with changes in cervical screening cytology.","authors":"Rachael Adcock, Cosette M Wheeler, William C Hunt, Norah E Torrez-Martinez, Michael Robertson, Ruth McDonald, Nancy E Joste, Mark H Stoler, Maurits N C de Koning, Wim G V Quint","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf055","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djaf055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>After human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine introduction, declines in the prevalence of HPV vaccine types have been observed in screening cytology, but data from the United States describing HPV type-specific changes in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grades 2-3 and adenocarcinoma in situ (CIN2/CIN3/AIS) are limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A statewide sample of individuals with cervical biopsies was selected for broad-spectrum HPV genotyping. CIN2/CIN3/AIS incidence and prevalence were calculated for type-specific high-risk HPV (hrHPV) among individuals aged 15-29 years. Weighted incidence rate ratios (IRR) and relative differences in prevalence (RDP) were computed to compare 3 time periods: 2006-2009 (Cohort 1 [C1], n = 4121), 2012-2015 (C2, n = 2194), and 2015-2018 (C3, n = 1481).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>When comparing C1 vs C3 among those aged 21-25 years, statistically significant reductions in hrHPV type-specific CIN2/CIN3/AIS incidence were observed for HPV16, HPV18, HPV31, and HPV33, with corresponding IRRs of 0.4 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.3 to 0.4), 0.3 (95% CI = 0.1 to 0.7), 0.6 (95% CI = 0.5 to 0.9), and 0.4 (95% CI = 0.1 to 0.8), respectively. The RDP comparing C1 vs C3 for HPV16/18-positive CIN2/CIN3/AIS was -43.8% (P < .001). When excluding HPV16/18 or HPV16/18/31/33 from all hrHPV types, the RDP was +56.6% and +92.5% (P < .001), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>hrHPV type-specific CIN2/CIN3/AIS incidence decreased with statistical significance for vaccine types HPV16/18 and for HPV31 and HPV33. Although the HPV vaccine is highly beneficial and a top priority for preventing HPV-related cancer, the long-term vaccine impact in cohorts receiving the 4-valent HPV vaccine requires continued follow-up to assess genotype-specific distributions in the remaining CIN2+ lesions and cancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"1377-1386"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12229469/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RE: Frailty and outcomes in adults undergoing systemic anticancer treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Arif Hakan Önder, Mehmet Mutlu Çatlı","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf077","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djaf077","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"1512-1513"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143967757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RE: Colon, colorectal, and all cancer incidence increase in the young due to appendix reclassification.","authors":"Rebecca L Siegel, Tyler B Kratzer, Robert A Smith, Ahmedin Jemal","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf095","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djaf095","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"1516-1517"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144173578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectrum of cancer risk in Asian American and Pacific Islander solid organ transplant recipients.","authors":"Jun Tao, Jaimie Z Shing, Kelly J Yu, Aimée R Kreimer, Mei-Chin Hsieh, Karen S Pawlish, Jie Li, Baozhen Qiao, Judy R Rees, Kekoa Taparra, Jacqueline B Vo, Eric A Engels","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf069","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djaf069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) have increased cancer risk, which may differ across racial groups. Cancer risk among Asian American and Pacific Islander SOTRs is ill-defined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated Asian, Pacific Islander, and White SOTRs from a linkage of the United States SOTR registry with 34 cancer registries (1990-2019). We calculated age- and sex-adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRRs) to compare cancer risk between races and standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) to measure risk relative to race-matched general populations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with Asian SOTRs, Pacific Islander SOTRs had notably higher incidence of pancreatic cancer (aIRR = 3.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.6 to 8.6) and melanoma (aIRR = 6.7, 95% CI = 1.2 to 36). Compared with White SOTRs, Asian and Pacific Islander SOTRs had lower melanoma incidence but higher nasopharyngeal carcinoma incidence. Compared with the general population, Asian SOTRs had increased risk of cancers of the anus (SIR = 7.9, 95% CI = 3.6 to 15), penis (SIR = 8.9, 95% CI = 2.9 to 21), non-epithelial skin (SIR = 9.8, 95% CI = 5.4 to 17), kidney (SIR = 5.3, 95% CI = 4.3 to 6.5), and renal pelvis (SIR = 7.4, 95% CI = 3.7 to 13); non-Hodgkin lymphoma including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (NHL/CLL) (SIR = 6.4, 95% CI = 5.6 to 7.3); Hodgkin lymphoma (SIR = 6.1, 95% CI = 2.8 to 12); and Kaposi sarcoma (SIR = 15, 95% CI = 6.6 to 30). Compared with the general population, Pacific Islander SOTRs had increased risk of cancers of the anus (SIR = 12, 95% CI = 1.5 to 45), pancreas (SIR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.3 to 6.8), non-epithelial skin (SIR = 9.3, 95% CI = 1.1 to 34), and thyroid (SIR = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.2 to 7.4); NHL/CLL (SIR = 4.5, 95% CI = 2.3 to 7.9); and Kaposi sarcoma (SIR = 71, 95% CI = 8.6 to 258).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Asian, Pacific Islander, and White SOTRs all experienced elevated cancer risk compared with their race-matched general population. Different cancer risks in these racial groups might be explained by differences in risk factors in the general population or unique features of SOTRs in these groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"1456-1464"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12229455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ending nuclear weapons, before they end us†.","authors":"Kamran Abbasi, Parveen Ali, Virginia Barbour, Marion Birch, Inga Blum, Peter Doherty, Andy Haines, Ira Helfand, Richard Horton, Kati Juva, Jose F Lapena, Robert Mash, Olga Mironova, Arun Mitra, Carlos Monteiro, Elena N Naumova, David Onazi, Tilman Ruff, Peush Sahni, James Tumwine, Carlos Umaña, Paul Yonga, Chris Zielinski","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf102","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djaf102","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"1296-1298"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12229452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in young-onset cancer incidence: a modeling perspective.","authors":"Lukas Owens, Allison Fung, Jonathan Shuhendler, Joseph Glick, Marc D Ryser, Roman Gulati, Ruth Etzioni","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf050","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djaf050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent increases in the diagnosis of certain cancers among younger individuals are generating intense concern. Many studies attribute the increase in the so-called \"young-onset\" cancer to an etiologic cause but questions have also arisen about the role of earlier diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We simulated incidence trends from a natural history model that includes healthy, preclinical, and clinical disease states, where the transition from the healthy to the preclinical state represents disease onset and the transition from the preclinical to the clinical state represents diagnosis. We superimposed birth-cohort effects on the rate of disease onset and period effects on the rate of disease diagnosis to identify those that match patterns of relative incidence by age group and 5-year calendar interval from 2000 to 2019 for 6 \"young-onset\" cancers (colon, rectum, female breast, stomach, pancreas, and kidney).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two types of effects are broadly consistent with the observed increasing incidence trends in younger individuals: (1) a birth-cohort effect on disease onset that begins around 1970 and becomes more pronounced in later birth years or (2) a period effect consistent with progressive reduction over time in the duration of preclinical disease. An earlier, protective birth-cohort effect is consistent with recent declining trends in incidence in older individuals for colon, rectal, and stomach cancers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A disease model provides clues about the possible drivers of cancer incidence trends, suggests constraints on the patterns of exposures that might be implicated etiologically, and indicates that the role of diagnostic changes warrants consideration alongside potential etiologic explanations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"1350-1359"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12229467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143556869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase-SWItch/sucrose non-fermentable antagonism regulates the coordinated activation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and inflammation in oral cancer.","authors":"Roberto Stabile, Francesco A Tucci, Mathijs P Verhagen, Carmen Embregts, Thierry P P van den Bosch, Rosalie Joosten, Maria J De Herdt, Berdine van der Steen, Alex L Nigg, Senada Koljenović, Jose A Hardillo, Cornelis Peter Verrijzer, Adrian Biddle, Robert J Baatenburg de Jong, Pieter J M Leenen, Riccardo Fodde","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf065","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djaf065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Phenotypic plasticity and inflammation, 2 well-established hallmarks of cancer, play key roles in local invasion and distant metastasis by enabling the rapid adaptation of tumor cells to dynamic micro-environmental changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Here, we show that in oral squamous carcinoma cell carcinoma (OSCC), the competition between the Nucleosome Remodeling and Deacetylase (NuRD) and SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complexes plays a pivotal role in regulating both epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) and inflammation. By perturbing these complexes, we demonstrated their opposing downstream effects on the inflammatory pathways and EMP regulation. In particular, downregulation of the BRG1-specific SWI/SNF complex deregulates key inflammatory genes, such as TNF-α and IL6, in opposite ways when compared with the loss of CDK2AP1, a key member of the NuRD complex. We showed that CDK2AP1 genetic ablation triggers a pro-inflammatory secretome encompassing several chemokines and cytokines, thus promoting the recruitment of monocytes into the tumor microenvironment (TME). Furthermore, CDK2AP1 deletion stimulates their differentiation into M2-like macrophages, as validated on tumor microarrays from OSCC patient-derived tumor samples. Further analysis of the inverse correlation between CDK2AP1 expression and TME immune infiltration revealed specific downstream effects on the abundance and localization of CD68+ macrophages.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study sheds light on the role of chromatin remodeling complexes in OSCC locoregional invasion and highlights the potential of CDK2AP1 and other members of NuRD and SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"1438-1455"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12229464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic ctDNA informs whole-course postoperative precise management of NSCLC (LUNGCA study).","authors":"Liang Xia, Qiang Pu, Ran Kang, Jiandong Mei, Lu Li, Ying Yang, Senyi Deng, Gang Feng, Yulan Deng, Fanyi Gan, Yidan Lin, Lin Ma, Feng Lin, Yong Yuan, Yang Hu, Chenglin Guo, Hu Liao, Chengwu Liu, Yunke Zhu, Wenping Wang, Zheng Liu, Yuyang Xu, Kaidi Li, Chuan Li, Weizhi Chen, Qingyun Li, Bo Du, Xiaolong Zhang, Yingli Kou, Yun Wang, Zhu Wu, Guowei Che, Yaohui Chen, Shensi Shen, Longqi Chen, Dan Xie, Lunxu Liu","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf061","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djaf061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is valuable for detecting minimal residual disease (MRD). However, studies involving long-term blood sampling are required to comprehensively interpret the clinical use of ctDNA analyses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective multicenter cohort study (LUNGCA) for dynamic ctDNA monitoring in lung cancer patients receiving curative-intent surgery. ctDNA analysis was conducted on preoperative plasma samples, at postoperative 3 days and 1 month, and then every 3-6 months for up to 3 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 233 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and 2336 longitudinal plasma samples were included; the median follow-up was 51.4 months. Post-comprehensive treatment (after radical surgery + necessary adjuvant therapy) MRD status was better at predicting relapse than postoperative MRD status (positive predictive value: 100% vs 90.0%; negative predictive value: 90.3% vs 90.1%). Patients with positive pre-adjuvant ctDNA and targetable mutations in tumor tissues had improved recurrence-free survival (RFS) with corresponding adjuvant tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.01, P = .005), but adjuvant chemotherapy failed to improve RFS (HR = 0.6, P = .491). Of patients receiving adjuvant therapies, patients with a negative- or positive-negative ctDNA change pattern had favorable and similar RFS (P = .419), whereas patients with a positive- or negative-positive pattern had worse RFS (P < .001). TKI therapy was more effective than chemotherapy in clearing ctDNA. Post-relapse ctDNA negativity was associated with favorable OS (HR = 0.4; P = .029).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Comprehensive interpretation of dynamic ctDNA monitoring data can inform precise whole-course postsurgical management of NSCLC patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"1474-1484"},"PeriodicalIF":9.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}