JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute最新文献

{"title":"Improved adverse event reporting: it's about time.","authors":"Laure-Anne Teuwen, Nathan Cherny, Bishal Gyawali","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djag330","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149193988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in incidence rates of uterine corpus cancer by birth cohort in 24 countries, 1998-2017.","authors":"Kieran P Kelly, Ashley S Felix, Chenxi Jiang, Philip S Rosenberg, Ahmedin Jemal, Hyuna Sung","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djag364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Increases in uterine corpus cancer incidence have been reported in multiple countries, with age-specific patterns suggesting a possible birth cohort effect. However, most studies rely on period-based approaches, limiting characterization of trends by birth cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Uterine corpus cancer incidence data for women aged 30-84 from 1998-2017 were obtained from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Plus, NORDCAN, and the NAACCR databases. Age-period-cohort models were applied to estimate overall and age-specific average annual percent changes, cohort rate ratios (CRRs), and period rate ratios, covering birth cohorts from 1914-1922 through 1979-1987.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 1998-2017, incidence rates increased in 13 of 24 countries, with the fastest rises in Thailand (3.58% per year; 95%CI, 2.78-4.38), Belarus (3.32%; 3.06-3.57), and Türkiye (3.01%; 2.35-3.67); decreased in Austria (-1.57%; -2.00 to -1.13) and Finland (-0.76%; -1.24 to -0.29); and remained stable in nine. Increases were steepest among women aged 30-34 years, exceeding 5% per year in Thailand and the United Kingdom. Birth cohort effects were detected in 15 countries, including 10 with rising incidence. The model-based CRRs, adjusted for age differences and period deviations, indicated that incidence rates were 3.45-fold higher (95%CI, 2.67-4.46) in women born circa 1983 versus 1953 in the United Kingdom, 3.08-fold higher in Thailand (95%CI, 1.64-5.79), and 3.03-fold higher in Belarus (95%CI, 2.19-4.21).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Birth cohort effects detected in 10 of 13 countries with increasing trends suggest generational shifts in risk may be contributing to rising uterine cancer incidence and underscore the importance of early life exposures.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149182012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is it time to retire bolus cisplatin? Lessons from the ConCERT trial.","authors":"Ross D Merkin, Aarti Bhatia","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djag331","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149181965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes In body composition and subsequent risk of relapse In childhood hodgkin lymphoma.","authors":"Aman Wadhwa, Chen Dai, Omar Ahmed, Sandra Kessel, Joshua Richman, Wei Shen, Justine Kahn, Sharon M Castellino, Kara M Kelly, Debra Friedman, Smita Bhatia","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djag391","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Whether changes in body composition (skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, measured using computed tomography [CT] scans) are associated with relapse in children with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) remains unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined changes in body composition (skeletal muscle area [SMA] and total adipose tissue [TAT] area) of children with intermediate- and high-risk HL enrolled on Children's Oncology Group trials AHOD0031 and AHOD0831 using commercially available software from pre-treatment to after two cycles of chemotherapy. SMA or TAT values exceeding the median increase were classified as excessive gain, and those exceeding the median decline were classified as excessive loss in SMA or TAT. Proportional sub-distribution hazard regression models examined the association between change in body composition and relapse from end of cycle 2 treating non-relapse-related death as competing risk and adjusting for prognosticators including baseline SMA and TAT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 951 children included in this analysis, the median age at diagnosis was 15.2y, 53.8% were male and 63.5% were non-Hispanic White. Excessive gain in TAT (observed in 36.2%) was associated with a 1.73-fold greater adjusted hazard of relapse (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.08-2.77, P=0.02) among children with negative PET2, but not among those with positive PET2 (hazard ratio [HR]=0.90, 95%CI=0.51-1.57, P=0.70) after adjusting for prognosticators. Excessive change in SMA was not associated with relapse.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This candidate biomarker is associated with an increased risk of relapse and presents a need to understand the underlying mechanisms for this association.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149182000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NCI's clinical assay development program: supporting translation of biomarkers for cancer diagnosis.","authors":"Sumana M Dey, Sanita Bharti, Ana I Robles, Lyndsay N Harris, Tracy G Lively","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djag386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This commentary illustrates the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) use of structured phased award programs (R21/R33 and later UH2/UH3 grants) to provide academic laboratories with continuous, milestone-driven funding to refine unvalidated assay prototypes into robust Laboratory Developed Test(s) (LDTs) and potentially commercialized, Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved In vitro Diagnostics (IVDs). Supported assays typically involve molecular or cellular biomarkers and are analytically validated in the first phase, and then clinically validated using well-annotated human biospecimens from existing studies or trials to demonstrate association with relevant clinical endpoints. These assays may test for predictive biomarkers (associated with treatment response or resistance) or prognostic biomarkers (associated with natural disease progression and patient outcomes), as long as they provide clinically useful information. Funding support through these programs has led to commercial partnerships and subsequent larger-scale clinical trials resulting in approved IVDs. These programs have also developed LDTs to serve patients with rare forms of cancer, to screen and enroll clinical trial participants for early-stage drug testing (e.g., identifying individuals whose tumors carry rare mutations that match a new drug's target), and to accelerate the clinical adoption of innovative technologies for detection and diagnosis. This commentary is organized as a perspective followed by historical examples of successful projects and concluding remarks on the requirements for rigorous diagnostics development.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149181936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between breast cancer and rheumatoid arthritis among older-age women in the United States.","authors":"Shyfuddin Ahmed, Raphaele Seror, Xavier Mariette, Beth J Maclin, Choonik Lee, Lindsay M Morton, Choonsik Lee, Eric A Engels","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djag387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Several studies have described an inverse association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and risk of breast cancer (BC), and one study reported lower risk of RA after BC. Factors contributing to this possibly bidirectional relationship remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the SEER-Medicare database (2008-2021), we conducted a case-control study to evaluate the association between RA and BC risk among women aged 66-99. RA was identified from Medicare claims. We also conducted a cohort study among BC cases and controls to evaluate subsequent RA incidence. Multivariable adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using generalized linear mixed models and hazard ratios (HRs) using Cox regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 204,186 BC cases and 2,897,862 controls. RA was inversely associated with BC (OR 0.80, 95%CI 0.77-0.83)-specifically, for hormone receptor positive BC (0.78, 0.76-0.81). In the cohort analysis (184,524 women with and without BC), BC was associated with lower incidence of RA (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.88-0.98). This association did not differ by BC hormone receptor status. Instead, among women with BC, radiotherapy was associated with reduced RA incidence (HR 0.82, 95%CI 0.76-0.89). Finally, among women with hormone receptor positive BC, treatment with exemestane was associated with increased incidence of RA (HR 1.33, 95%CI 1.17-1.50).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings support a bidirectional inverse association between RA and BC. Hormone-related pathways may contribute to reduced BC risk in women with RA, whereas radiotherapy-related immune modulation may partly explain the lower incidence of RA incidence following BC. Further mechanistic studies are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149181987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Zhang and Shi.","authors":"Jingran Ji, Harvey Jay Cohen, Mina S Sedrak","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djag380","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149167156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RE: Early discontinuation of chemotherapy in older adults with early breast cancer: results from the prospective multicenter HOPE study.","authors":"Xiaochun Zhang, Jialing Shi","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djag378","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing opportunities for collaboration between national cancer Institute-Designated cancer centers and native nations: Building of an indigenous cancer health department.","authors":"Rodney C Haring, Josie Raphaelito, Hugh Burnam, William Maybee, Whitney Ann E Henry, Shannon MacCallum, David Mattson, Tricia A Numan, James Kennedy, Michael E Johnson, Janos Janine Bowen, Rory Wheeler, Candace Johnson","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djag372","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>National Cancer Institute (NCI)-designated cancer centers in the United States have played a historic part in America's health care history and are well poised to serve as collaborative partners in ensuring the future health of Indigenous Peoples. Beyond race, Indigenous Peoples are political classifications with Native Nation citizenship and land-bases who negotiate at the federal level as sovereigns. As such, Native Nations, as separate governments of the USA, trade, negotiate, and operate healthcare independently. Optimally, cancer centers with Indigenous-specific initiatives can build pathways for sovereign education collaboratives, culturally appropriate clinical care systems and sovereign-led cancer research. This article shares the journey of America's first Department of Indigenous Cancer Health at one of the nation's oldest NCI-designated cancer centers. Experiences are shared regarding Indigenous cancer research, the intertwining of Indigenous intellect with western medicine, Indigenous-focused community outreach and engagement paradigms, sovereignty in cancer education, and translational models of quality improvement, health research and Indigenous service models, including patient navigation. Development strategies are offered throughout to encourage, and challenge, existing cancer centers to create Indigenous centers, departments, collectives, and consortiums that honor Native Nations and Indigenous urban populations. By sharing these insights into the building of an inaugural Indigenous cancer health department, we aim to promote similar collaborations that can provide health opportunities, fairly and equally nationally and globally. Working together, the success of one cancer center can transcend to more cancer centers and inspire international Indigenous cancer health initiatives that support and honor Indigenous health awareness for future generations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The early-onset pancreatic cancer paradox: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Rexiati Ruze, Musitapa Zayier, Aboduhaiwaier Aboduhelili, Talaiti Tuergan, Aboduaini Abulizi, Qiang Guo, Ruiqing Zhang, Paizula Shalayiadang, Ayifuhan Ahan, Tiemin Jiang, Yingmei Shao, Tuerganaili Aji","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djag373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Globally, the rate of early-onset pancreatic cancer (EOPC) is increasing, but its clinical features and outcomes relative to average-onset pancreatic cancer (AOPC) remain uncertain. We compared clinicopathological features, treatment patterns, and survival outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus were searched through January 2026 (PROSPERO: CRD420261346604). Observational studies comparing EOPC with AOPC using age-based thresholds were included. Study quality was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and ROBINS-E. Hazard and odds ratios were pooled using random-effects models for 39 outcomes across 9 predefined PROSPERO domains. All tests were two-sided. Certainty was assessed using GRADE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-eight studies from 15 countries were included, encompassing 1,659,432 patients (non-overlapping estimate: 695,936). EOPC patients had a lower prevalence of diabetes (odds ratio [OR], 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21 to 0.72), more advanced disease (stage IV: OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.36), and higher chemotherapy utilization (OR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.69 to 2.45; P < .001). Overall survival was comparable (hazard ratio, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.23; P = .76; prediction interval, 0.50 to 2.12). Exploratory dose-response meta-regression suggested a nonlinear (U-shaped) association between age threshold and survival (P = .008). GRADE certainty was very low for all outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with EOPC present with more advanced disease, receive more aggressive treatment, and achieve comparable survival, although certainty is very low. These findings support equitable access to intensive multimodal therapy and germline testing before age 50; however, stage-specific survival data are required to confirm these observations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149136830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}