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Outdoor air pollution and prostate cancer risk in the NIH-AARP diet and health study. 美国国立卫生研究院-美国退休人员协会饮食与健康研究：室外空气污染与前列腺癌风险
IF 7.2 1区 医学
JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djag137
Lydia Marcus Post, Lauren Hurwitz, Jared A Fisher, Joel D Kaufman, Stella Koutros, Rena R Jones
{"title":"Outdoor air pollution and prostate cancer risk in the NIH-AARP diet and health study.","authors":"Lydia Marcus Post, Lauren Hurwitz, Jared A Fisher, Joel D Kaufman, Stella Koutros, Rena R Jones","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djag137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Outdoor air pollution, including fine particulate matter (PM2.5), is an established carcinogen, yet few studies evaluate its associations with prostate cancer risk and findings are mixed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used spatiotemporal prediction models to estimate annual average historical residential PM2.5 (1980 to 2017) and NO2 (1990 to 2017) concentrations for N = 289,299 men aged ≥50 years in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study, enrolled from six states and two metro areas in 1995 to 1996, followed through 2018. We used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (HR [CI]) of associations between 5-year average PM2.5 and NO2 and incident prostate cancer, overall and by tumor aggressiveness (ie, advanced [n = 5,791], high-grade [ie, Gleason score ≥8, n = 5,793], fatal [n = 3,057]). We evaluated interactions with hypothesized effect modifiers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Historical PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations were not associated with prostate cancer risk overall (PM2.5 HR10-year lag per 5 µg/m3=1.00 [0.98-1.02], NO2 HR10-year lag per 10 ppb = 1.00 [0.98-1.01]). Some positive trends were observed for aggressive disease (eg, high-grade PM2.5 HR10-year lag=1.03 [0.99-1.09], advanced: NO2 HR10-year lag=1.04 [0.99-1.08]). Stratified analyses also showed stronger associations for aggressive disease among Hispanic men (eg, high-grade: NO2 HR = 1.25 [1.05-1.48], pint=0.01). Heterogeneity was also evident by urbanicity (high-grade: pint=0.01, PM2.5 and NO2) and state (advanced: pint=0.05, NO2), potentially reflecting air pollution mixture heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this large U.S. cohort, historical residential PM2.5 or NO2 concentrations were not associated with prostate cancer risk overall; however, risk was elevated in some subgroups and for aggressive outcomes. Future evaluation of air pollution mixture components may clarify observed subgroup differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147838122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Artificial intelligence in cancer diagnostics: a primer for clinicians and scientists. 癌症诊断中的人工智能：临床医生和科学家的入门。
IF 7.2 1区 医学
JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djag143
Asif M Rizwan, Hala R Makhlouf, Sanita Bharti, Sumana M Dey, Miguel R Ossandon, Claire E Robustelli, Mugdha Samant, Ana I Robles, Brian S Sorg, Lyndsay N Harris
{"title":"Artificial intelligence in cancer diagnostics: a primer for clinicians and scientists.","authors":"Asif M Rizwan, Hala R Makhlouf, Sanita Bharti, Sumana M Dey, Miguel R Ossandon, Claire E Robustelli, Mugdha Samant, Ana I Robles, Brian S Sorg, Lyndsay N Harris","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djag143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming cancer care by enabling healthcare teams to make more accurate diagnoses, predict responses to therapy, improve outcomes, and deliver truly personalized treatment. As AI-based tools become increasingly embedded in diagnostic workflows and clinical decision-making, it is essential to understand their potential and limitations to ensure safe and effective adoption. Here, we provide an accessible primer on the integration of AI into cancer diagnosis and treatment response, aimed at oncologists, pathologists, clinical researchers, and healthcare technologists. This primer focuses primarily on AI applications in digital pathology, liquid biopsy, and clinical decision support, while acknowledging related advances in radiology, genomics, and EHR-based analytics. We begin with an introduction to core AI concepts and then examine how AI-driven technologies are becoming an integral part of cancer diagnosis through digital pathology, medical imaging, and liquid biopsy. We further explore AI's expanding role in supporting the cancer care team through a patient's treatment journey, from prognostication and therapy selection through real-time treatment monitoring. Real-world applications and practical implementation strategies are presented, alongside a discussion of the ethical, regulatory, and reproducibility challenges that must be addressed. By providing a structured overview of both the technological advances and the real-world implementation challenges, this commentary aims to engage a broad audience, from oncologists and pathologists to data scientists and policy makers, in navigating the evolving role of AI in cancer care and guiding its responsible integration into clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147838051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
RE: Pre-diagnosis thyroid dysfunction and ovarian cancer risk and survival: a prospective cohort study. RE：诊断前甲状腺功能障碍与卵巢癌风险和生存：一项前瞻性队列研究。
IF 7.2 1区 医学
JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djag134
Yang Chen, Gang Tian
{"title":"RE: Pre-diagnosis thyroid dysfunction and ovarian cancer risk and survival: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Yang Chen, Gang Tian","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djag134","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147838097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Global variations in kidney cancer incidence based on recorded cancer registry data. 基于癌症登记数据的肾癌发病率的全球变化。
IF 7.2 1区 医学
JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute Pub Date : 2026-05-07 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djag140
Anton Barchuk, Jerome Vignat, Charles Wiggins, Freddie Bray, Ariana Znaor
{"title":"Global variations in kidney cancer incidence based on recorded cancer registry data.","authors":"Anton Barchuk, Jerome Vignat, Charles Wiggins, Freddie Bray, Ariana Znaor","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djag140","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kidney cancer incidence varies substantially across world regions, influenced by risk factors and diagnostic intensity. Using CI5-XII, which includes high-quality data from 460 population-based cancer registries in 65 countries (2013 to 2017), we analysed kidney cancer incidence (ICD-10 C64) across 533 populations. Age-standardised incidence rates (ASR) were calculated using the Segi-Doll World Standard. ASRs ranged from 0.5 to 29.5 per 100,000 in men and from 0.5 to 16.8 in women, with the highest rates observed in North America and Eastern Europe, particularly among American Indian/Alaska Native and Black individuals, and in Northwest Russia. The lowest rates were observed in Asian and African registries, as well as in Asian and Pacific Islander Individuals in the United States. Male-to-female ratios clustered around two. Further detailed analysis of possible determinants, including structural factors, is needed to explain the wide inter- and intra-regional variability in kidney cancer incidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147838109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
RE: Tamoxifen therapy benefit in luminal a and B breast cancer with 20-year follow-up. RE：他莫昔芬治疗对luminal a和B型乳腺癌有益处，随访20年。
IF 7.2 1区 医学
JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute Pub Date : 2026-05-03 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djag132
Ruijie Li, Zhenghe Liu, Shengjie Zhang, Xuan Wu
{"title":"RE: Tamoxifen therapy benefit in luminal a and B breast cancer with 20-year follow-up.","authors":"Ruijie Li, Zhenghe Liu, Shengjie Zhang, Xuan Wu","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djag132","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147815035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
RE: Tamoxifen therapy benefit in luminal a and B breast cancer with 20-year follow-up. RE：他莫昔芬治疗对luminal a和B型乳腺癌有益处，随访20年。
IF 7.2 1区 医学
JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute Pub Date : 2026-05-03 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djag131
Haibo Shi, Shunqi Chen, Yan Tang
{"title":"RE: Tamoxifen therapy benefit in luminal a and B breast cancer with 20-year follow-up.","authors":"Haibo Shi, Shunqi Chen, Yan Tang","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djag131","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147815070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Response to Bosland. 对波斯兰的回应。
IF 7.2 1区 医学
JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djag060
Vanessa M Hayes, M S Riana Bornman, Peter Mungai Ngugi
{"title":"Response to Bosland.","authors":"Vanessa M Hayes, M S Riana Bornman, Peter Mungai Ngugi","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag060","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djag060","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"951-952"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147377656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Stat Bite: Cancer cases attributable to modifiable risk factors in Europe and Sub-Saharan Africa in 2022. 统计数据：2022年欧洲和撒哈拉以南非洲可改变风险因素导致的癌症病例。
IF 7.2 1区 医学
JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djag058
Hanna Fink, Freddie Bray, Isabelle Soerjomataram
{"title":"Stat Bite: Cancer cases attributable to modifiable risk factors in Europe and Sub-Saharan Africa in 2022.","authors":"Hanna Fink, Freddie Bray, Isabelle Soerjomataram","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djag058","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":"118 5","pages":"953"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147855637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Declines in cervical cancer incidence among young women in the United States. 美国年轻女性宫颈癌发病率的下降。
IF 7.2 1区 医学
JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djaf375
Sameer Vali Gopalani, Jin Qin, Manxia Wu, Virginia Senkomago
{"title":"Declines in cervical cancer incidence among young women in the United States.","authors":"Sameer Vali Gopalani, Jin Qin, Manxia Wu, Virginia Senkomago","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf375","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djaf375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We calculated age-standardized cervical cancer incidence rates and trends by histologic type among women aged 15-29 years, using cancer registry data covering approximately 99% of the US population. We examined differences in incidence rates from the earliest to the most recent study period and quantified changes over time using joinpoint regression. Incidence rates for cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) decreased significantly during 1999-2022 in all age groups (15-20, 21-24, 25-29 years). Among women aged 15-20 years, cervical SCC rates were stable from 1999 to 2010 but declined substantially by 24.2% (95% confidence interval = -44.4 to -18.0) each year from 2010 to 2022, with only a few cases reported during 2017-2022. These findings show that cervical cancer incidence has declined among adolescents and young adult women in the United States, particularly in more recent years, highlighting the population-level impact of cervical cancer prevention measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"941-946"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13108666/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147512368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Intelligent oncology systems begin with connecting the data we already have. 智能肿瘤系统从连接我们已有的数据开始。
IF 7.2 1区 医学
JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute Pub Date : 2026-05-01 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djaf368
Vishal R Patel, Arjun Gupta
{"title":"Intelligent oncology systems begin with connecting the data we already have.","authors":"Vishal R Patel, Arjun Gupta","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djaf368","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djaf368","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"769-771"},"PeriodicalIF":7.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147467635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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