JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute最新文献

{"title":"Re: 'Advance care planning impact on caregivers and end-of-life care in advanced cancer'.","authors":"Fumika Yatabe, Yohei Kishi, Anri Inumaru, Yurika Saito","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djag315","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148891148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A phase II randomized study of proton therapy vs intensity-modulated radiation therapy in patients with unilateral head and neck cancer.","authors":"Edward Christopher Dee, Noah S Kalman, Daniel J Ma, Scott C Lester, Zhigang Zhang, Daphna Gelblum, Yao Yu, Linda Chen, Sean M McBride, Nadeem Riaz, Boris A Mueller, Achraf Shamseddine, Kaveh Zakeri, Jung Julie Kang, Chiaojung Jillian Tsai, Yingzhi Wu, Dennis Mah, Kevin Sine, Andy Shim, Haibo Lin, Alan Ho, Richard J Wong, Paul B Romesser, Christopher A Barker, Nancy Y Lee","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djag257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Proton beam radiotherapy (PBRT) offers dosimetric advantages over intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), but prospective randomized data in the postoperative unilateral head and neck cancer setting remain limited. We conducted a multicenter, randomized phase II trial comparing PBRT and IMRT for patients with resected, well-lateralized head and neck cancers requiring unilateral adjuvant radiotherapy. Adults were randomized 1:1 to receive PBRT or IMRT to 60 Gy (relative biological effectiveness) in 30 fractions, with elective regions treated to 54 Gy. The primary endpoint was clinician-reported acute grade ≥2 oral mucositis through 3 months after radiotherapy. Ninety-eight patients were analyzable (PBRT, n = 54; IMRT, n = 44) with a median follow-up of 27.2 months. Acute grade ≥2 oral mucositis occurred less frequently with PBRT than IMRT (7.4% versus 22.7%, P = 0.03), as did acute grade ≥2 dysgeusia (9.3% versus 31.8%, P = 0.005). Rates of grade ≥3 dermatitis and grade ≥2 dysphagia were similar between groups, and late toxicities were uncommon with no grade 3 events. Patient-reported outcomes mirrored these findings, although confidence intervals were wide. Three-year local control, progression-free survival, and overall survival were high and were no different between arms. These findings indicate that PBRT reduces clinician-graded acute mucosal toxicity compared with IMRT in unilateral postoperative head and neck radiotherapy, in the context of some numerical but not statistically significant differences in patient-reported outcomes. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02923570.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rising colorectal cancer mortality among young adults in many countries.","authors":"Aedin C Culhane, Noor Kherreh, Paul Brennan","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djag215","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148874111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RE: Impact of KRAS codon-specific mutations on survival in metastatic CRC on trifluridine-tipiracil with/without bevacizumab.","authors":"Yang Zhang","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djag298","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between genomic classifier scores and initial management of localized prostate cancer in the United States.","authors":"Michael S Leapman, Rong Wang, Preston C Sprenkle, Isaac Y Kim, Stacy Loeb, Tyler M Seibert, Matthew R Cooperberg, Peter H Gann, Kevin Ginsburg, William J Catalona, Michaela A Dinan, Cary P Gross, Xiaomei Ma","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djag247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tissue-based gene expression assays provide prognostic information in prostate cancer, but their influence on decisions regarding immediate treatment versus conservative management, including active surveillance (AS) and watchful waiting (WW), remains uncertain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a linkage with the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, we evaluated the association between a 22-gene genomic classifier (GC) and initial management among patients with low or intermediate clinical-risk prostate cancer diagnosed from 2015 through 2018. Initial management was classified as immediate therapy or AS/WW, and GC scores were grouped as low (<0.45), intermediate (0.45-0.60), or high (>0.60). Multivariable logistic regression assessed associations between GC category and immediate treatment, stratified by clinical-risk group and adjusted for demographic and clinical covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 2,547 patients, 286 of 1,030 (27.8%) with low- and 1,113 of 1,517 (73.4%) with intermediate clinical-risk prostate cancer received initial treatment. Use of initial treatment increased with higher GC category. Among patients with low and intermediate clinical-risk prostate cancer, respectively, 20.5% and 57.5% with low GC, 28.3% and 75.8% with intermediate GC, and 46.2% and 88.3% with high GC scores received initial treatment. Higher GC category was independently associated with greater odds of immediate treatment versus AS/WW (versus low GC: intermediate GC, odds ratio [OR] 1.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.57-2.49, p < 0.001; high GC, OR 4.42, 95% CI 3.41-5.71, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Higher GC scores were associated with greater use of immediate treatment and less use of AS/WW, underscoring the need to determine whether GC testing also predicts long-term outcomes among patients managed with AS.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148864996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictive validity of a 10-item frailty index based on a comprehensive geriatric assessment (FI-CGA-10) in older Japanese adults with cancer.","authors":"Tomohiro F Nishijima, Mototsugu Shimokawa, Kohei Arimizu, Taito Esaki, Masaru Morita, Hyman B Muss","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djag304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The 10-Item Frailty Index Based on a Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (FI-CGA-10) is a content- and construct-validated measure for quantifying frailty from a CGA. For criterion validation, we assessed its predictive validity for overall survival (OS) in older adults with cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective cohort study included 1,630 patients with cancer who underwent CGA at a geriatric oncology service (median age 80 years). The FI-CGA-10 comprises ten CGA domains; deficits in each domain were scored 0 (no problem), 0.5 (minor problem), or 1.0 (major problem). Domain scores were summed, divided by 10 (range 0-1), and categorized as fit (<0.20), pre-frail (0.20-0.35), or frail (>0.35). Two Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for OS: a base model (age, sex, cancer type, and stage) and the base model plus FI-CGA-10 as a categorical variable. Model performance was compared using the likelihood-ratio (LR) test and Harrell's c-index.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 22% were fit, 38% pre-frail, and 40% frail; 28% died within one year. Adding FI-CGA-10 to the base model improved prediction (LR χ² = 140.7; P < .001) and increased the c-index from 0.70 to 0.76 (P < .001). Adjusted HRs for pre-frail and frail (vs. fit) were 2.26 (95% CI, 1.61-3.19) and 5.06 (95% CI, 3.64-7.04), respectively. 1-year OS was 87% (fit), 74% (pre-frail), and 55% (frail). Major problems across all ten domains and minor problems in six domains were associated with worse OS in adjusted models.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides evidence supporting the predictive validity of the FI-CGA-10 for OS.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Zhang.","authors":"Giulia Maddalena, Scott Kopetz, Kanwal Raghav","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djag299","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial disparities in breast cancer: looking beyond the recurrence score.","authors":"Rima Patel, Joseph A Sparano","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djag253","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148850826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editor's Note: Targeting Primitive Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells by Effective Inhibition of a New AHI-1-BCR-ABL-JAK2 Complex.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djag260","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148840132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Chen and Huang.","authors":"Hyun Yong Koh, Omid Jafari, Ang Li","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djag301","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148840093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}