JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute最新文献

{"title":"RE: Deployment to Karshi-Khanabad Air Base, Uzbekistan between 2001 and 2005 and subsequent risk of specific cancers among US service members.","authors":"Christin B DeStefano","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag202","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djag202","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"1980-1981"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148301664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RE: Health-related quality of life in patients with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer receiving maintenance olaparib plus bevacizumab (PAOLA-1/ENGOT-ov25).","authors":"Sheng Yu, Xiushen Wang, Hong Ge","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag212","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djag212","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"1983-1984"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148352010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rising colorectal cancer mortality among young adults in many countries.","authors":"Aedin C Culhane, Noor Kherreh, Paul Brennan","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag215","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djag215","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"1799-1801"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148874111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The floor, not the ceiling: industry ties across the cancer ecosystem.","authors":"Benjamin J Davies","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag208","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djag208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Industry financial ties to the US cancer ecosystem are everywhere. Kim et al.'s systematic review and meta-analysis finds that financial conflicts of interest exceed 50% prevalence across most oncology domains. These relationships are not always benign. A robust body of health services research, including a 2021 systematic review of 36 studies, demonstrates that 83% of analyses identify a positive association between industry payments and prescribing behavior. Even a single industry-sponsored meal costing <$20 has been linked to significantly higher odds of prescribing the promoted drug. As federal National Institute of Health (NIH) funding faces cuts, industry's role in shaping the research agenda will only expand. Current US policy responses such as the disclosure through the Sunshine Act and dollar thresholds for guideline panelists have had minimal effectiveness in curtailing the money flowing to oncologists. This editorial argues for stronger structural reforms, specifically mandatory cooling-off periods for guideline committee members modeled on existing federal ethics statutes. Disclosure alone is insufficient, and some evidence suggests it may paradoxically license conflicted behavior. Meaningful progress requires moving beyond transparency toward policies that prevent conflicts from influencing clinical decision making.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"1802-1804"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148912122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Racial disparities in breast cancer: looking beyond the recurrence score.","authors":"Rima Patel, Joseph A Sparano","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag253","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djag253","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"1796-1798"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148850826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive design increased success but does not significantly accelerate confirmatory oncology trials.","authors":"Sujata Purja, Eunyoung Kim","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag129","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djag129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adaptive designs are increasingly employed to improve trial efficiency; however, their benefits over fixed designs in late-phase oncology trials remain underexplored. We aimed to determine whether adaptive designs in phase 3 cancer trials are associated with primary completion time and primary endpoint success compared with fixed designs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study analyzed phase 3 randomized lung and breast cancer trials initiated between 2000 and 2020 using Aggregate Analysis of ClinicalTrials.gov database (static version downloaded April 15, 2025). Eligible trials had time-to-event primary endpoints and were completed or terminated. Trials were classified as adaptive or nonadaptive based on preplanned design modifications. Associations between trial design and primary completion time were examined using Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariable cause-specific Cox regression, while associations between trial design and primary endpoint success were examined using multivariable logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 421 eligible trials, 210 employed adaptive designs. Adoption of adaptive designs increased over time, with group-sequential designs being the most common adaptive approach. Adaptive designs showed earlier primary completion, but no statistically significant association was observed after multivariable adjustment. Adaptive trials had higher hazards of early stopping for efficacy or futility and lower hazards of administrative termination. Among 396 trials with available results, 163 achieved primary endpoint success. Adaptive trials had higher odds of success than nonadaptive trials (66.26% vs 33.74%; odds ratio [OR] = 2.363, 95% CI = 1.491 to 3.778; P < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adaptive designs were associated with higher primary endpoint success but not shorter primary completion time. Given high failure rates in late-phase oncology, adaptive designs may improve efficiency primarily by facilitating data-driven decisions rather than accelerating trial timelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"1888-1898"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultraprocessed food intake and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study.","authors":"Caitlin P O'Connell, Kaelyn F Burns, Hyokyoung G Hong, Lisa Kahle, Linda M Liao, Jessica M Madrigal, Camella J Rising, Rashmi Sinha, Neha Khandpur, Eurídice Martínez Steele, Gretchen Gierach, Erikka Loftfield","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag124","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djag124","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ultraprocessed food (UPF) intake is associated with obesity. Despite obesity being a risk factor for postmenopausal breast cancer, evidence for an association between UPF and breast cancer is limited. Our objective was to assess the association between UPF intake and postmenopausal breast cancer risk in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants reported dietary intake via a food frequency questionnaire at baseline in 1995-1996 and were followed through 2018. Food items were disaggregated into food codes and assigned Nova classification via database linkage. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for quintiles of UPF (g (1000 kcal day-1)-1) and postmenopausal breast cancer risk overall, by estrogen receptor (ER) status, and type (invasive or ductal carcinoma in situ [DCIS]), with and without adjustment for body mass index (BMI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 181 460 postmenopausal women, 14 484 were diagnosed with breast cancer over a median 21 years of follow-up. Median (interquartile range) UPF intake was 284.6 (191.1-466.6) g (1000 kcal day-1)-1. No associations between UPF intake and postmenopausal breast cancer risk overall (HRQ5 vs Q1 = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.93 to 1.03; P = .32 for trend), by ER status (ER+: HRQ5 vs Q1 = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.94 to 1.09; P = .95 for trend; ER-: HRQ5 vs Q1 = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.87 to 1.20; P = .58 for trend), or by type (invasive: HRQ5 vs Q1 = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.92 to 1.04; P = .14 for trend; DCIS HRQ5 vs Q1 = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.87 to 1.13; P = .26 for trend) were observed. Following BMI adjustment, inverse trends for overall (P = .03 for trend) and invasive (P = .01 for trend) breast cancer were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion(s): </strong>UPF intake was not associated with postmenopausal breast cancer in the NIH-AARP cohort. Inverse trends observed after adjusting for BMI are likely spurious, owing to overadjustment.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"1866-1873"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"(Neo)adjuvant approvals for solid tumors by the US Food and Drug Administration 2010-2023.","authors":"Consolacion Molto Valiente, Abhenil Mittal, Dongsheng Tu, Eitan Amir, Joseph Pater, Janet Dancey, Bishal Gyawali, Christopher M Booth, Brooke E Wilson","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag133","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djag133","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>(Neo)adjuvant systemic treatments aim to improve overall survival by reducing recurrence risk; however, there can be challenges, such as reliance on surrogate endpoints, censoring, loss to follow-up, and impact on quality of life. We examine the design, reporting, and outcomes of US Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs for solid tumors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched Food and Drug Administration (neo)adjuvant approvals for solid tumors 2010-2023 with time-to-event endpoints. Trial characteristics, endpoints, and censoring were evaluated descriptively. Statistical designs and sample size calculations were assessed for reproducibility and transparency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 24 studies supporting 25 approvals met inclusion criteria. Common tumor types included melanoma (7 of 24, 29%), breast (6 of 24, 25%), and non-small cell lung cancer (6 of 24, 25%). Among 21 trials reporting overall survival, 52% (11 of 21) showed benefit at any time, but only 36% (4 of 11) reported overall survival benefits at the time of approval and/or primary publication. In 21 (88%) trials the expected number of events could be reproduced, in 11 (46%) trials sample size calculations could be attempted (though calculations often differed), and only 14 (58%) stated expected absolute numerical outcomes. Censoring rules were applied inconsistently; only 36% defined rules adequately. Quality-of-life outcomes were reported in 79%, with 31% reporting clinically meaningful declines in one or more domains.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>(Neo)adjuvant trials often lack transparency in sample size justifications and censoring rules. Approximately half demonstrated an overall survival improvement at any time, and one-third showed a decline in quality of life. Greater standardization in trial designs and reporting is needed to ensure trials align with patient and health-care priorities.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"1963-1970"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148912187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances and disparities in survival of childhood and adolescent cancers.","authors":"Lindsay F Schwartz, Austin Wesevich, Brian R Englum, Sudarshawn Damodharan, Ami V Desai, Theodore W Laetsch, Dezheng Huo, Tara O Henderson","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag155","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djag155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We analyzed trends in survival of children and adolescents diagnosed with cancer in the United States from 1975 to 2022 using the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 8 and 17 databases. Our goal was to provide an updated overview of outcomes and highlight disparities to guide future research.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were obtained from the SEER 8 and 17 registries for patients diagnosed at ages 0-19 years. Overall survival was stratified by race and ethnicity, diagnosis, and population density. Temporal trends in 5-year overall survival were evaluated using the National Cancer Institute Joinpoint Regression Program. Kaplan-Meier survival curves with log-rank tests assessed survival differences across subgroups. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models evaluated overall survival, adjusted for age, decade of diagnosis, and race and ethnicity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 52 165 patients were diagnosed with cancer in SEER 8 and 100 110 in SEER 17. Five-year overall survival for all cancers improved from 60% (95% CI = 56% to 64%) in 1975 to 90% (95% CI = 88% to 91%) in 2017. Survival gains were greatest in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, with more modest improvements in solid tumors. Mortality beyond 20 years persisted for some cancers, including Hodgkin lymphoma. Survival differed statistically by race and ethnicity (P < .001), with non-Hispanic Black patients experiencing the lowest 5-year overall survival across multiple cancers, even after adjusting for age and decade of diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Survival for childhood and adolescent cancers has markedly improved over the past 5 decades, yet progress remains uneven across cancer types and race and ethnicity. Understanding drivers of disparities is essential to achieve equitable outcomes for all young cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"1919-1932"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13598899/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147972779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and others misunderstand stool testing for colorectal cancer.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/jnci/djag239","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jnci/djag239","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14809,"journal":{"name":"JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute","volume":" ","pages":"1988"},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650362/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148912201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}