Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association最新文献

{"title":"Recumbency, hypersalivation, and foaming at the mouth in a 7-year-old alpaca.","authors":"Hunter Lynch, Lorelei Clarke","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.07.0541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.07.0541","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148880378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skin fragility in a 12-year-old domestic shorthair cat.","authors":"Carolina Otharan Athayde, Gabriela Hartmann, Marcele B Bandinelli, Álan G Pöppl, Saulo P Pavarini","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.06.0476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.06.0476","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148880396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple cutaneous masses in a pet betta fish (Betta splendens).","authors":"Brian M Chambers, Christopher P Champion","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.04.0255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.04.0255","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148880298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing compressed 2-dose and 3-dose melarsomine protocols in the era of adjunctive therapy: a randomized clinical trial of 168 dogs with heartworm disease.","authors":"Linda S Jacobson, Jessie L Dyer, Adrienne Van Vlake, Brian A DiGangi, Mirah A Horowitz, Julie K Levy","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.06.0518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.06.0518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To test the hypothesis that, when used with doxycycline, moxidectin, and prednisone, 2-dose melarsomine would be as safe and effective as 3-dose melarsomine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A randomized clinical trial was conducted from April 2024 to December 2025, comparing compressed 2-dose and 3-dose melarsomine protocols. Dogs with Class 1 or 2 heartworm disease received sustained-release moxidectin, doxycycline, prednisone, and 2 or 3 injections of melarsomine. Melarsomine was administered on days 14 and 15 (2-dose group) or days 14, 44, and 45 (3-dose group). Dogs were exercise restricted for 4 weeks following melarsomine. Daily clinical observations were made until the last day of exercise restriction. Antigen tests were performed 6 or 9 months after melarsomine.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>168 dogs completed treatment (2-dose group, n = 85; 3-dose group, 83), and 165 were retested (2-dose group, 85; 3-dose group, 80). There was no significant difference in efficacy between the 2-dose group (95.3%; 95% CI, 88.4% to 98.7%) and the 3-dose group (98.8%; exact 95% CI, 93.2% to 100.0%). The sample size was insufficient for conclusive noninferiority analysis at the predefined noninferiority margin of 4%. Survival was 100%. Complications were rare, with 7 dogs requiring thoracic radiographs with or without additional treatment, but none requiring intensive management. Incidence of post-melarsomine cough, increased respiratory effort, and weakness was not significantly different between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A compressed 2-dose melarsomine protocol, with doxycycline, moxidectin, and prednisone, was safe and effective.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Compared with 3-dose protocols, the 2-dose melarsomine protocol reduces the cost, resources, and time required to treat heartworm disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148880250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building the reviewer community: a Peer Review Week reflection.","authors":"Sarah E Wright","doi":"10.2460/javma.264.9.1102","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.264.9.1102","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":"264 9","pages":"1102"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148808423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atypical radiographic changes seen in dogs treated with bedinvetmab (Librela).","authors":"Steven C Budsberg, Dylan N Clements, Daniel P Regan, Jan Wennemuth","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.05.0379","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.26.05.0379","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this study was to describe adverse clinical and radiographic musculoskeletal findings in dogs treated with bedinvetmab (Librela).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Musculoskeletal adverse events in dogs treated with bedinvetmab were obtained from the Zoetis Global Pharmacovigilance database. Case inclusion criteria were adverse event reports that contained a minimum amount of medical information to allow for interpretation of the case along with radiographs or radiology reports. Following initial review, cases were assigned to one of the following categories: (a) insufficient information; (b) consistent with normal progression of osteoarthritis; (c) consistent with other specific orthopedic disease; or (d) atypical findings. Category (d) cases went through a second review, in which they were assigned to descriptive categories based on radiographic changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the study period (November 2020 through December 2025), 319 cases were considered as potential cases of adverse musculoskeletal events. Review of these cases found 186 that had atypical radiographic findings. Abnormal periarticular bone remodeling was the most common change noted, but other significant changes were found. Most commonly, the elbow or tarsus joint was involved. Changes occurred unilaterally or bilaterally and could be progressive and affect different joints in the same dog. Concurrent administration of NSAIDs was reported in 118 dogs (63%), and off-label use of bedinvetmab was reported in 46 dogs (25%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study describes the clinical and radiographic features seen following bedinvetmab treatment.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Dogs can exhibit unique clinical and radiographic features when treated with bedinvetmab that can differentiate them from other musculoskeletal conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective analysis of 68 domestic ferrets with urethral obstruction shows high rate of euthanasia at presentation despite good survival to discharge.","authors":"Brianna O'Malley, Miranda J Sadar, Amy B Alexander, Marjorie Bercier","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.05.0343","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.26.05.0343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To establish a hospital proportional morbidity rate (HPMR) for urethral obstructions (UOs) in domestic ferrets; describe clinical presentation, interventions, and outcomes; and report associations with UO etiologies and survival.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective, descriptive, epidemiological study, electronic medical records were evaluated from ferrets presenting to 3 academic institutions in the US between 2013 and 2023. Descriptive and bivariate statistical analyses were performed. Parametric and nonparametric results are reported as mean ± SD or median (IQR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 3,242 records were reviewed. The HPMR was 2.09% (68 of 3,242). Urethral obstruction etiologies included urolithiasis (57.4% [39 of 68]), adrenal disease-associated prostatic disease (19.12% [13 of 68]), and undiagnosed etiology (23.53% [16 of 68]). Twenty-seven of 66 ferrets (40.91%) were euthanized on presentation. Of the remaining ferrets, 92.31% (36 of 39) survived to discharge. Average hospitalization time was 2.82 ± 2.21 days. Complications occurred in 23.08% (9 of 39) of ferrets, and recurrence rate after discharge was 31.6% (6 of 19) with a median of 19 days (IQR, 1 to 1,164 days). Ferrets with urolithiasis were significantly younger (median, 2 years old) and had significantly higher blood glucose (median, 127 mg/dL) compared to ferrets with adrenal disease-associated prostatic disease (median age, 5 years old; median blood glucose, 91 mg/dL). Ferrets that survived to discharge had significantly higher body temperature on admission (median, 37.4 °C [99.4 °F]) compared to ferrets that were euthanized (median, 36.7 °C [98 °F]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ferrets with UO had an HPMR, hospitalization times, and survival and recurrence rates that were similar to those of cats.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>These findings provide objective prognostic data to better inform treatment recommendations and client decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148865019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canine parvovirus cases (2010-2023): a retrospective study of 78,977 cases demonstrates declining incidence, but mortality risk remains.","authors":"JoAnn Morrison, Chris M George, Todd M Kollasch, Jill C Pattee, William G Ryan, George E Moore","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.05.0332","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.26.05.0332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate changes in characteristics of dogs diagnosed with canine parvovirus (CPV) disease presenting to a national network of primary care veterinary hospitals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Records were searched from January 1, 2010, through June 30, 2023. Data were collected on signalment, clinical signs, laboratory results, and mortality for CPV-affected dogs. Variables were assessed via stepwise logistic regression models for association with mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across > 1,000 hospitals, CPV was diagnosed in 78,977 dogs, declining from 45.2 cases per 10,000 dogs per year in 2010 to 6.5 cases per 10,000 dogs per year in 2022. Diagnoses were greatest in April to June, while 46.3% of cases were aged between 8 and 16 weeks. From 2010 to 2022, median age at diagnosis declined from 17 to 14 weeks. The most commonly affected breeds were pit bull-type dog, Chihuahua, Labrador Retriever, German Shepherd Dog, and mixed breed (combined, 54.3% of the study population). Of 37,707 patients with 14-day survival information, 43.6% died or were euthanized. Being neutered or spayed (OR, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.08), having increased body weight, or having multiple intestinal parasites significantly reduced odds of mortality. Variables significantly associated with increased odds of mortality were hypoproteinemia (OR, 4.44; 95% CI, 2.01 to 9.81), underweight (OR, 2.99; 95% CI, 1.40 to -6.36), lymphopenia, leukopenia, and increased ALT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The number of CPV cases and mortality declined over the study period. However, CPV infections still occur in thousands of dogs annually, and risks of mortality persist.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Dogs remain at risk of fatal CPV infection. Identification of mortality-associated factors may allow more targeted interventions and improve prognostic capabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148864984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic performance of 1,2-O-dilauryl-rac-glycero glutaric acid-(6'-methylresorufin) ester lipase activity in cats presenting to a veterinary referral hospital.","authors":"Javier Rodriguez Godoy, Annelies Willems, Patricia Ibarrola, Mark Rishniw","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.01.0064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.01.0064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the prevalence of increased 1,2-O-dilauryl-rac-glycero glutaric acid-(6'-methylresorufin) ester (DGGR) lipase activity in cats with and without pancreatitis, and to evaluate its diagnostic performance relative to a clinical diagnosis of pancreatitis and ultrasonographic assessments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Serum DGGR lipase activity was measured with the Randox lipase assay and considered increased if > 25 U/L. A board-certified internal medicine clinician, blinded to DGGR results, gave each cat a clinician-assigned score from 0 (no pancreatitis) to 4 (definite pancreatitis). Ultrasonographic scores (0 to 4) were assigned on the basis of the number of changes supportive of pancreatitis. DGGR lipase performance was compared with clinical and ultrasonographic scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 231 cats were included; 59 of 231 (25.5%) had increased DGGR lipase activity. Clinical scores were 0 in 47 of 231 cats (20.3%), 1 in 128 of 231 (55.4%), 2 in 36 of 231 (15.6%), and 3 in 20 of 231 (8.7%); no cats had a score of 4. With the use of a clinical score of 3 as the reference, DGGR lipase activity had a sensitivity of 70% and specificity of 79% (positive predictive value, 24%; negative predictive value, 97%). DGGR lipase activity was significantly lower in cats with an ultrasound score of 0 compared to scores of 1, 2, and 3. DGGR lipase activity was lower in cats with clinician-assigned scores of 0 and 1 compared to scores of 2 and 3.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>DGGR lipase activity was lower in cats with lower clinical and ultrasonographic scores and demonstrated a high negative predictive value.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>In this low-prevalence referral population, a normal DGGR lipase result reduced the likelihood of clinician-suspected pancreatitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148828453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Limb position, not exercise or sedation, affects power Doppler neovascularization detection in equine superficial digital flexor tendon core lesions.","authors":"Sara R Tufts, Lauren V Schnabel, Shannon S Connard, Kim R Love, Caitlyn R Horne","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.05.0411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.05.0411","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the effect of limb position, exercise, and sedation on neovascularization detectability with the use of power Doppler ultrasonography (PDU) in superficial digital flexor tendon core lesions of the equine forelimb.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>9 Thoroughbred horses with superficial digital flexor tendon core tendinopathies were assessed with PDU before lesion induction (week 0) and 12 weeks after lesion induction, with 5 horses in the study period ranging from January to April 2024 and 4 horses from January to April 2025. During weeks 0 and 12, ultrasound examinations were performed 24 hours apart, with the limb weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing, before and after light exercise, and before and after IV detomidine sedation. The opposite forelimb served as a control.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Limb position was the only variable with statistical significance. No blood flow was visualized in the prelesion surgical or control limb under all conditions. After lesion induction, neovascularization was significantly increased under all conditions when the limb was imaged during non-weight-bearing.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Practitioners may utilize the information from this study to acknowledge the importance of non-weight-bearing limb position for neovascularization detection with PDU and may continue the standard exercise performed during a lameness examination and detomidine sedation administration to facilitate a complete diagnostic evaluation.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Light exercise, such as a typical lameness examination, and the administration of IV detomidine sedation to facilitate an ultrasound evaluation will not impact the detectability or degree of neovascularization with the use of PDU. Imaging the limb during non-weight-bearing will significantly increase the detectability and is a critical component of a complete evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148828462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}