Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association最新文献

{"title":"Multiple white nodules in the esophagus, pharynx, tongue, and diaphragm of a slaughtered sheep.","authors":"Gabriela Hartmann, Fernanda Genro Cony, Adeyldes Oliveira Reis, João Fabio Soares, David Driemeier, Welden Panziera","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.07.0459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.07.0459","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144992553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-guided arthrocentesis and intra-articular injections of the elbow and stifle joint in the dog.","authors":"Allison Miller, Carol Jennings, Christopher Frye","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.06.0437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.06.0437","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To provide a video tutorial on ultrasound-guided arthrocentesis and injection of the canine elbow and stifle joints.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Dogs undergoing arthrocentesis or IA injections for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The target joint is visualized in long axis with a 70% isopropyl alcohol medium and linear array probe with a frequency range of 2 to 14 MHz and a footprint of 50 mm after clipping a window and preparing the region sterilely. The needle is inserted, bevel up, in long axis with probe and angled at the appropriate trajectory to enter the visible joint space. The needle is advanced until the tip is visualized entering the joint. Aspiration to obtain synovial fluid can further confirm needle placement or provide diagnostic sampling prior to injection. The aspirate syringe is exchanged for that containing the therapeutic agent, and then injectate can be visualized entering and/or expanding the joint upon injection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ultrasound-guided arthrocentesis will help avoid surrounding vasculature and soft tissue structures of concern, confirm needle placement, and target fluid pocketing. Needle guidance into a joint can reduce iatrogenic tissue damage from inappropriate needle placement and/or by minimizing attempts.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>For arthrocentesis, ultrasound guidance can maximize joint fluid volume acquisition for diagnostic purposes (cytology, culture, and fluid analysis) while also avoiding blood contamination. For joint injections, ultrasound will help ensure IA delivery of the injectate to maximize its effects, particularly when synovial fluid aspirate feedback is inhibited by joint pathology (dry joint or obstructive synovial proliferation). Imaging guidance will help avoid iatrogenic tissue damage and reduce procedure time.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144954538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A handheld rapid infuser device effectively delivers blood products in the management of life-threatening anemia in 6 dogs.","authors":"Tyler Lawnichak, Adesola Odunayo, Avin Arjoonsingh, Vicki Moore","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.04.0241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.04.0241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the use of a handheld rapid infuser for the delivery of blood products to anemic dogs in shock.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>6 dogs that received a packed RBC (pRBC) transfusion with the use of a handheld rapid infuser from August 9, 2023, to April 1, 2024.</p><p><strong>Clinical presentation: </strong>6 dogs with a median age of 7.5 years and median body weight of 33 kg presenting with hemodynamic instability due to various causes of life-threatening anemia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most common reason for transfusion was hemoperitoneum (4 of 6). A median volume of 7.3 mL/kg (range, 4.5 to 10 mL/kg) of pRBCs was delivered over 3.5 minutes (range, 2 to 5 minutes). Five dogs met the criteria for a massive blood transfusion, with a median transfusion rate of 2.13 mL/kg/min (range, 1 to 3.3 mL/kg/min). The post-transfusion median heart rate decreased to 97 beats/min (BPM; IQR, 89 to 99 BPM) from 155 BPM (IQR, 145 to 170 BPM), while the post-transfusion median systolic blood pressure improved to 119.5 mm Hg (IQR, 112 to 127.59 mm Hg) from 76 mm Hg (IQR, 66 to 80 mm Hg). Two dogs were discharged from the hospital, 2 dogs were euthanized, and 2 dogs died. One of the dogs that was discharged from the hospital died at home 3 days later.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The handheld infuser enabled the rapid delivery of pRBCs to dogs with life-threatening anemia, improved perfusion parameters, and resulted in no overt complications during or immediately following the transfusion. Preliminary information suggests that the device can be helpful in administering pRBCs to hemodynamically unstable large-breed dogs. Low survival rates were noted due to clinical severity of diseases and euthanasia.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144953985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyothorax was rare and had favorable outcomes in cats: clinical findings from 31 cases in a Swiss private practice (2018-2021).","authors":"Vincent Marolf, Chloé Fillonneau, Kevin A Diserens, Teresa Gil Sancho, Keila K Ida","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.05.0327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.05.0327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To retrospectively describe the prevalence, clinical features, and outcomes of feline pyothorax over 3 years in a Swiss private practice.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>31 cats with pyothorax.</p><p><strong>Clinical presentation: </strong>Cats with purulent pleural effusion and either bacterial growth from culture or intracellular bacteria on microscopic examination were identified from medical records (2018 to 2021). Data collected included signalment, clinical signs, treatment, hospitalization, and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pyothorax was confirmed in 31 of 4,847 (0.64%) cats. Most were European shorthairs (15 of 31 cats) or Maine Coon Cats (12 of 31 cats); 17 were male. Median age was 36 months (range, 7 to 144 months), and median body weight was 4.3 kg (range, 2.8-7.5 kg). Most lived in multicat households (16 of 31 cats) and had an outdoor lifestyle (18 of 31 cats). Common owner-reported concerns included lethargy (26 of 31 cats), inappetence (23 of 31 cats), and weight loss (5 of 31 cats). At admission, tachypnea (23 of 31 cats), dyspnea (21 of 31 cats), fever (16 of 31 cats), and periodontal disease (7 of 31 cats) were frequently observed. Mixed anaerobic bacteria were identified in 19 of 31 cats. All cats received antibiotics and pleural lavage via thoracic drains; 16% (5 of 31 cats) underwent thoracotomy. Hospitalization was for a median of 7 days (range, 1 to 13 days). Survival rates were 77% (24 of 31 cats) at discharge (4 deaths, 3 euthanasia for financial constraints) and 68% (21 of 31 cats) at 3 months (1 death, 2 euthanasia due to clinical deterioration). Nonsurvivors had less pleural effusion volume drained by thoracocentesis at admission (9.6 mL/kg [range, 2.0 to 25.6 mL/kg]) compared to survivors (23.0 mL/kg [range, 1.5 to 48.8 mL/kg]).</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Pyothorax was uncommon. Nonspecific signs may delay recognition, though survival was generally favorable. Lower pleural effusion volumes drained in nonsurvivors warrant further study to clarify any causal or clinical prognostic implications.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144954564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Draft horses have similar outcomes as nondraft horses presenting for colic at a referral institution in Atlantic Canada.","authors":"Jennifer J Burns, Jason Stull, Emily John, Aimie Doyle","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.05.0320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.05.0320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>For horses presenting for colic to a referral hospital in Atlantic Canada, we aimed to describe clinical findings, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome for draft breeds; identify associations between clinical findings, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome for draft compared to nondraft breeds; and identify the overall impact of draft breed on mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review of equine colic cases presenting to the Atlantic Veterinary College (2004 to 2023). Logistic regression models were used to assess associations between parameters and draft breed and mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 721 horse colic events were included in the study; 68 (9.4%) were categorized as draft breeds. Among draft breeds, large intestine nonstrangulating obstruction was the most frequent diagnosis (30.9%), followed by GI-related medical (23.5%) and open (19.1%). Draft breeds did not significantly differ from nondraft breeds in the type of management received (medical or surgical). At admission, draft breeds were significantly more likely to have an increased heart rate and elevated abdominal protein, peripheral lactate, total protein, and fibrinogen concentrations. Fifty-nine percent of draft breed cases survived until discharge. In multivariable analysis, draft breeds did not significantly differ from nondraft breeds in survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although draft breeds presenting with colic were more likely than nondraft breeds to present with variables associated with nonsurvival, draft breed status was not an overall predictor for nonsurvival at this referral institution.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This study describes the clinical findings, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes for draft breeds experiencing colic at a referral institution. Draft breed status was not a predictor for nonsurvival.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144954337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyclosporine and prednisolone treatment leads to fewer relapses compared with prednisolone alone in dogs with suspected meningomyelitis of unknown origin.","authors":"Tania Al Kafaji, Andrea Corda, Federica Biggio, Antonella Gallucci","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.06.0387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.06.0387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The use of cyclosporine as an add-on therapy for meningitis or meningomyelitis of unknown origin (MUO) with only spinal cord involvement has never been described in dogs. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the potential efficacy of cyclosporine combined with prednisolone compared with prednisolone alone in dogs with suspected spinal MUO.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted on dogs with a presumed diagnosis of spinal MUO treated with prednisolone and cyclosporine (group A) or prednisolone alone (group B) from 2018 to 2023. A positive outcome was defined as a resolution of clinical signs for at least 1 year after diagnosis, and a negative outcome was defined as lack of improvement or relapses within 1 year of presentation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>47 dogs were included. Twenty-one dogs were included in group A: 16 (76%) recovered, but clinical relapses were observed in 3 (14%). Twelve (57%) showed a positive outcome. Twenty-six patients were enrolled in group B: initial recovery was observed in all dogs, but 16 (62%) showed clinical relapses, 1 (4%) died due to pulmonary complications, and 9 (35%) had a positive outcome. The side effects were mostly mild: 48% in group A and 31% in group B. No significant associations were found between the outcome and the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Prednisolone alone was significantly associated with a higher recovery rate but with a greater frequency of relapses compared with cyclosporine/prednisolone.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Cyclosporine could be considered a valid additional treatment in dogs with spinal MUO, potentially leading to a lower recurrence rate than prednisolone alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144953996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Centrifugation force and time influence on platelet, leukocyte, and growth factor concentrations in canine platelet-rich plasma.","authors":"Mariana Fernandez, Nina R Kieves","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.05.0300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.05.0300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effect of varying centrifugal force and spin times on platelet, leukocyte, erythrocyte, and growth factor concentrations in canine platelet-rich plasma (PRP) prepared with a new PRP separating device system (Autologous Conditioned Plasma [ACP] Max System; Arthrex Inc).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>12 healthy client-owned dogs were included in this experimental study. The study was performed from July to October 2023 and assessed PRP composition following different centrifugation protocols. Whole blood was collected from 6 healthy client-owned dogs and processed with 4 first-spin protocols: 2,420 or 2,696 X g for 6 or 9 minutes. A standardized second spin cycle (315.5 X g for 5 minutes) was then performed. Complete blood counts were performed to quantify platelet, leukocyte, and erythrocyte concentrations in whole blood and PRP. Growth factors in PRP were quantified with ELISAs for PDGF-ββ, FGF, TGF-β1, IGF-1, VEGF, and IL-1RA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All spin protocols reduced erythrocyte and leukocyte concentrations and increased platelet concentrations compared to whole blood. Platelet concentration was significantly increased compared to whole blood with an initial spin cycle of 2,420 X g. The 2,420 X g for 9 minutes protocol yielded a significant increase in PDGF-ββ. Transforming growth factor β1 was significantly increased across all protocols.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The ACP Max System effectively produced PRP with reduced erythrocytes and leukocytes and increased platelet concentrations. Among the protocols tested, 2,420 X g for 9 minutes most effectively enhanced platelet and PDGF-ββ concentrations.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Centrifugation settings impact the cellular and growth factor composition of the final PRP product. Clinical efficacy of variable PRP products needs further evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144954049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Osteoarthritis has a high prevalence in dogs undergoing routine dental prophylaxis.","authors":"Darryl L Millis, Silke Hecht","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.05.0330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.05.0330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) and the joints affected in medium to large dogs undergoing dental prophylaxis. We hypothesized that up to 50% of dogs in the study population would have radiographic OA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a prospective observational study. Dogs admitted for dental prophylaxis at the University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine from May 2013 to February 2014, > 11 kg, and 4 to 10 years of age without a previous diagnosis of OA were studied. Orthopedic examinations and ground reaction force measurements were performed. Radiographs of the major joints were obtained under sedation and evaluated for the presence and severity of OA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>18 of 30 dogs (60%) had 1 or more joints with radiographic OA. The number of dogs with affected joints included coxofemoral (n = 11), tarsus (10), antebrachiocarpal (4), stifle (4), glenohumeral (3), and elbow (1). Dogs with OA had an average of 3 joints affected (range, 1 to 8 joints). Returned owner questionnaires indicated that 10 of 14 dogs with OA had no clinical signs, whereas 6 of 7 dogs without OA had no signs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>OA was common in dogs. Most owners did not realize their dog had OA. An optimal time to screen for radiographic OA is during procedures requiring sedation.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Radiographic OA occurred in 60% of dogs, suggesting that dogs be screened for OA. Most owners did not suspect their dogs had OA, but questions regarding mobility may direct further screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144954474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Informed consent plays an important role when practicing veterinary medicine along the spectrum of care.","authors":"Elizabeth L Venit","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.05.0340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.05.0340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Practicing along a spectrum of care means providing a full range of recommendations, including those tailored to contextual factors such as a patient's needs and a client's preferences, abilities, goals, and resources. Some veterinarians have concerns that practicing along a spectrum of care, rather than adhering to \"gold standard\" medicine, endangers their license or risks discipline from a veterinary regulatory board. To meet the needs of the regulatory boards while practicing along a spectrum of care, veterinarians should provide a full range of options that are at or above a minimum standard of care and obtain and document informed consent. This paper introduces veterinary regulatory boards, disciplinary processes, and expectations for informed consent. The concept of standard of care is presented, in addition to the importance of maintaining complete medical records. Hypothetical examples drawn from disciplinary cases are presented. Although there may be crossover, this paper does not specifically address civil lawsuits. Furthermore, it should not be construed as legal advice.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144954423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-field magnetic resonance imaging enables diagnosis of central tarsal bone fractures in performance horses with lameness localized to the proximal metatarsus and tarsus.","authors":"Taylor J Myers, Sarah N Sampson, Kati P Glass, Lauren A Russell","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.05.0346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.05.0346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Central tarsal bone (CTB) fractures are challenging to diagnose, and cross-sectional imaging is required for definitive characterization and surgical planning. This retrospective case series aims to provide the first description of high-field (3-T) MRI characteristics of CTB fractures, concurrent pathology, and clinical presentation in 8 performance horses.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>8 horses (9 limbs) diagnosed with a CTB fracture on high-field MRI at one tertiary referral hospital between 2013 and 2023 were identified via electronic medical records search.</p><p><strong>Clinical presentation: </strong>Quarter Horses (6 of 8) used for Western performance disciplines, a Lusitano (1 of 8) used for Dressage, and a Thoroughbred (1 of 8) used for polo, with ages ranging from 3 to 20 years (mean, 8.4 years), were included. Lameness onset was chronic in the majority of cases (5 of 8), with grades ranging from 3/5 to 4/5. Lameness was localized to the proximal metatarsus (4 of 6), distal tarsal joints (1 of 6), or tarsocrural joint (1 of 6). A suspected CTB fracture was identified on radiographs prior to MRI in only 1 limb.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fractures were complete (6 of 9) or incomplete (3 of 9) with a dorsomedial to plantarolateral orientation occurring from 36° to 62° medial to the sagittal plane (mean, 52°). There was severe sclerosis (9 of 9) and mild (4 of 9), moderate (4 of 9), or severe (1 of 9) bone edema-like signal associated with all fractures.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>High-field MRI enabled diagnosis and detailed evaluation of CTB fracture configuration and concurrent bone and soft tissue pathology. Dorsomedial-plantarolateral oblique radiographic projections at approximately 50° medial to the sagittal plane may improve initial CTB fracture identification in performance horses.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144954312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}