Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association最新文献

{"title":"The diagnostic process for infectious disease diagnosis in animals.","authors":"Eric R Burrough, Rachel J Derscheid, Marta Mainenti, Pablo Piñeyro, David H Baum","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.10.0657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.10.0657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Veterinary diagnostic laboratories provide a vast catalog of tests for infectious agents and often have multiple tests and testing modalities for individual pathogens. Understanding which test to select, which sample type is best, and which animal to sample in a population are critical factors for drawing appropriate conclusions and diagnosing a disease. Each diagnostic test has its inherent diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, and, in many situations, multiple tests may be required for proper interpretation. When multiple tests are needed in a large population (eg, animal shelters, farmed animals, and breeding colonies), the cost of diagnostic testing becomes an increasing concern, and knowing when and how to use aggregate or composite samples is critical. A clinical examination is the first and arguably most important diagnostic procedure providing the framework for laboratory test selection. This yields not only a differential diagnosis but an expected stage of disease, which is necessary for determining the most appropriate laboratory tests and how they should be interpreted. This review will discuss the diagnostic process, strengths and limitations of commonly requested tests at a diagnostic laboratory (eg, histopathology, microbial culture, PCR, and ELISA), common sources of error in interpretation, the impact of pooling samples on different tests, and ways to help strengthen conclusions made from diagnostic test data.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic progressive left hind limb lameness in an 11-month-old intact female Labrador Retriever Poodle cross.","authors":"Matthew Simpson, Fabian Lean, Bernat Marti-Garcia, Richard Meeson","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.08.0496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.08.0496","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142813215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skeletal myodegeneration and necrosis in cattle.","authors":"João Paulo S Cavasani, Marlon Ribeiro, Wuglenya D M Silva, Luana Dias, Edson M Colodel, Fernando H Furlan","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.08.0543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.08.0543","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142791812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"I resolve … Getting involved in 2025.","authors":"Sandra Faeh","doi":"10.2460/javma.262.12.1581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.262.12.1581","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":"262 12","pages":"1581"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143407936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Academia must be flexible and innovative in addressing the veterinary medical educator shortage.","authors":"Stacy Anderson, Richard A Gillespie, Kimberly Carney, Julie Hunt","doi":"10.2460/javma.262.12.1594","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.262.12.1594","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":"262 12","pages":"1594-1595"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-sectional survey of rural and nonrural veterinarians indicates similarities in intent to stay or leave practice and differences in community attachment and satisfaction.","authors":"Heidi E Banse, Anjel Stough Hunter, Gary Althouse, Stacy Anderson, Bonnie Boudreaux, Kristin Chaney, Oliver A Garden, Christine Navarre, James K Roush, Jennifer A Schleining, Eric Seneca, Jake Shivley, Jessica Ward, Brandon Raczkoski","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.08.0513","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.24.08.0513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The primary objective was to identify veterinary workforce characteristics and factors contributing to staying in or leaving a veterinary practice. A secondary objective was to compare workforce characteristics and factors related to retention between survey respondents working in rural versus nonrural areas.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Veterinarians were surveyed via a questionnaire distributed with the use of a state veterinary medical association listserv or veterinary program alumni listserv from February 2022 to January 2023 and social media postings on X (formerly known as Twitter) and Facebook in April 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 2,195 respondents. Most respondents were in small animal practice (78%) in a nonrural environment (76%). Overall, 78% of respondents indicated intent to stay in their current practice, with no difference between veterinarians in rural versus nonrural practices. There was the perception of need for veterinarians both short-term (1 year) and long-term (10 years). Practitioners were generally satisfied with and connected to their communities. Rural practitioners more frequently reported work weeks of > 40 hours per week and a greater amount of time spent on call (weekdays and weekends). Nonrural practitioners were generally more satisfied with their community amenities, whereas rural practitioners were more attached to their communities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Veterinarians perceive the need for additional practitioners in the workforce both short-term and long-term in all environments. Despite longer work hours reported in rural environments, intent to stay in or leave a practice did not differ between rural and nonrural veterinarians.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Veterinarians perceive a need for practitioners across species and scope of practice. Community attachment may be an important factor to leverage when considering training veterinary students and recruiting veterinary graduates into rural practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142728673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dogs and cats with prepubic hernia often have concurrent injuries and a good short-term outcome.","authors":"Grace Rein, Andra Voges, Mary Snipes, Kahlina Frey, Marina Silvestre Sombrio, Chad Schmiedt, Vanna Dickerson","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.09.0593","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.24.09.0593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe clinical presentation, concurrent injuries, common imaging findings, and short-term outcome of dogs and cats diagnosed with prepubic hernia (PPH).</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>71 dogs and 16 cats.</p><p><strong>Clinical presentation: </strong>Medical records were searched at 2 academic referral institutions from August 1, 2008, to August 31, 2023, for dogs and cats diagnosed with PPH. Information regarding patient signalment, imaging, treatment(s) performed, and outcome was recorded. All imaging was reviewed by a board-certified radiologist.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of animals (77.5% of dogs, 87.5% of cats) presented within 24 hours of injury, most commonly secondary to vehicular trauma. Common concurrent injuries included pubic fractures (76.1% of dogs, 62.5% of cats), sacroiliac luxation (56.3% of dogs, 68.8% of cats), neurologic deficits (50.7% of dogs, 25% of cats), organ herniation (49.3% of dogs, 37.5% of cats), and urinary tract trauma (12.7% of dogs, 12.5% of cats). Most animals were diagnosed with radiographs (60.5% of dogs, 62.5% of cats), with the lateral projection proving most useful. Surgical treatment was pursued in 35 dogs and 7 cats, with muscular apposition being most common in dogs (54.3%) and use of pubic bone tunnels most common in cats (57.1%). Complications were uncommon, and PPH repair failure was reported in only 1 dog. Short-term outcome was good in both dogs and cats.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Prepubic hernia should be suspected in patients that have sustained high-impact trauma and typically can be identified on lateral radiographs. For cases without organ herniation, conservative management may be a reasonable option.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142728752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prophylactic antibiotic use is common in dogs and cats presenting for procedures at veterinary referral dental practices.","authors":"Allison C Volk, Stephanie L Goldschmidt, Emma R Bollig, Jennifer A Montebello, Jennifer L Granick","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.08.0524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.08.0524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Antimicrobial stewardship is critical for the prevention of antimicrobial resistance. A lack of prescribing guidelines makes overprescribing in veterinary dentistry likely and represents an opportunity for improvement of stewardship practices. This study described prescribing practices of residency-trained and board-certified veterinary dentists for dogs and cats undergoing dental procedures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Antibiotic-use data were collected from the first 10 patients presenting for a dental procedure at each of 22 participating clinics beginning on October 2, 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>35% of patients undergoing procedures received 1 or more systemically administered antibiotic, most commonly amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ampicillin-sulbactam, and clindamycin. Half (43 of 85 [50.6%]) of prescriptions for dogs were for perioperative or postoperative prophylaxis. For dogs, antibiotic duration for prophylactic versus treatment purposes was not significantly different. Common conditions included periodontal disease, tooth fractures, and oral masses. Comorbid conditions were present in 22.3% (49 of 220) of patients. Presence of comorbid conditions was not a risk factor for antibiotic prescribing. Tooth extractions were a risk factor for antibiotic prescribing among patients with periodontal disease, and those with ≥ 11 were more likely to receive antibiotics than those with < 5 extractions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study characterized antibiotic use among canine and feline dental procedures performed by residency-trained and board-certified veterinary dentists and identified tooth extractions as a risk factor for antibiotic prescribing.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The results obtained from this study provide insight into prescribing practices in a referral setting and impetus to develop outcomes-based studies to determine the need for prophylactic antibiotics during specific procedures, especially tooth extractions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142695510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low prevalence of occult cancer diagnosis when screening healthy, higher-risk, middle-aged to older dogs.","authors":"Jenna H Burton, David M Vail, Jennifer L Willcox, Sami Al-Nadaf, Sarah Adrianowycz, Danielle Biggs, Rubi Hayim, Kara Magee, Rachel McMahon, Irene Mok, Ann Marie Picone, Jessica Ralston, Brittany M Smith, Rachel Uyehara, Amanda L Willis, Stephen Albert Johnston, Douglas H Thamm","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.07.0463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.07.0463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the prevalence of undiagnosed malignant neoplasms in a cohort of healthy middle-aged to older dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Healthy, client-owned dogs between the ages of 5.5 and 11.5 years and of mixed breed or breeds overrepresented for death due to cancer were screened for eligibility to participate in the Vaccination Against Canine Cancer Study at 3 study sites from May 6, 2019, to June 21, 2022. Physical examination with rectal evaluation and aspiration cytology of dermal and subcutaneous masses, CBC, biochemical profile, urinalysis, 3-view thoracic radiographs, and abdominal ultrasound were performed to identify occult cancer or other serious disease in all patients prior to study enrollment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>902 dogs were screened for participation in the Vaccination Against Canine Cancer Study. At the time of screening, 24 dogs (2.7%) were diagnosed with cancer, while another 30 dogs (3.3%) had abnormalities identified for which malignant neoplasia could not be ruled out but was not definitively confirmed. The prevalence of confirmed cancer in this population was 2.7% and 6.0% when cases in which malignant neoplasia was suspected were included. For the 24 dogs definitively diagnosed with cancer, the diagnosis was made on the basis of physical examination with aspiration cytology of a dermal or subcutaneous mass for 20 dogs (83%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Routine physical examination was able to detect the majority of the malignant tumors in this population of dogs.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>A thorough physical examination, including rectal examination, with aspiration cytology of dermal or subcutaneous lesions is a critical component of cancer screening for middle-aged and older dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142695506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of raccoon rabies virus variant in a stray kitten: the role of veterinary practitioners in detection and reporting of a non-native zoonotic pathogen-Nebraska, 2023.","authors":"Ann Carpenter, Emma R Price, Sydney R Stein, Andrew J Beron, Anna Divis, Sharon Mix, Amy R Hess, Kathleen M Nelson, Chad T Wetzel, Justin Fredrick, Lindsay Huse, Amber Horn, Duan S Loy, John D Loy, Clint N Morgan, Sergio E Rodriguez, Victoria Shelus, Crystal M Gigante, Christina L Hutson, Lillian A Orciari, Catherine Swedberg, Cassandra Boutelle, Richard B Chipman, Matthew Donahue, Ryan M Wallace, Bryan F Buss","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.08.0542","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.24.08.0542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rabies is a fatal encephalitic disease affecting all mammals. This report describes identification of raccoon rabies virus variant isolated from a stray kitten in an urban Midwestern city that is nonendemic for this virus variant. The kitten originally presented with nonspecific neurologic abnormalities. Astute veterinary, wildlife, and public health professionals played a critical role in the identification of this fatal zoonotic disease and the extensive public health and wildlife management response that ensued. This case serves as an important reminder of the risk of rabies in unvaccinated animals or those without known vaccination status, including stray animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"149-152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}