Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association最新文献

{"title":"Computed tomographic features of elbow osteoarthritis predict lameness in small-breed pigs.","authors":"Brenna R Pugliese, Denaé N Campanale, Kim R Love, Rebecca C McOnie","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.04.0276","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.26.04.0276","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe CT features of elbow osteoarthritis (OA) in small-breed pigs and determine the ability of CT to predict elbow-related lameness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records between January 1, 2013, and April 30, 2025 were retrospectively reviewed and included if diagnostic forelimb CT images, reason for CT, signalment, and gait examination were available. Images were scored for OA severity, humeral intracondylar fissure (HIF), subchondral bone cystic lesions, articular margin incongruity, periarticular mineral bodies, and subchondral bone sclerosis (SBS). Exploratory single-predictor logistic regression generalized estimating equation models determined relationships between each finding and odds of lameness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>90 elbows from 49 pigs were included. Computed tomographic findings related to the probability of lameness included OA severity, HIF, articular margin incongruity, periarticular mineral bodies, and SBS. Odds of lameness were 21.97 times as high in pigs with mild elbow OA (95% CI, 1.80 to 268.64) compared to pigs without. Odds of lameness in pigs with HIF (OR, 11.82; 95% CI, 3.17 to 44.04), articular margin incongruity (OR, 5.28; 95% CI, 1.78 to 15.68), periarticular mineral bodies (OR, 3.09; 95% CI, 1.59 to 5.99), and SBS (OR, 4.78; 95% CI, 1.10 to 20.86) were higher when each finding existed on CT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Certain CT findings predict elbow-related lameness, increasing opportunity for early diagnosis and intervention.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Lameness is difficult to diagnose in pigs. This study identified new CT findings relating OA to lameness, allowing clinicians to more accurately predict and treat elbow-related lameness in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148411840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neoadjuvant intralesional triamcinolone is not associated with increased incidence of surgical site complications in dogs with cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumors.","authors":"Daniel R Gruber, Michael T Doornink, Bridget K Urie","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.04.0311","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.26.04.0311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of postoperative incisional complications following excision of cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs) in dogs receiving neoadjuvant intralesional triamcinolone (NIT) within 30 days of surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective study of dogs undergoing MCT excision at a tertiary referral hospital from January 2018 to February 2026. Inclusion required histologically confirmed MCT, NIT within 30 days of surgery, and sufficient medical record documentation for outcome assessment. Tumor- and treatment-related variables were recorded. Surgical site complications (SSCs) within 30 days of excision were classified as major or minor. Associations between variables and SSCs were evaluated with nonparametric tests and mixed-effect logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>69 dogs with 78 MCTs were included. Overall SSC incidence was 25% (20 of 78 MCTs; 95% CI, 16.4% to 36.8%), with 90% classified as minor. Surgical site complication incidence was significantly decreased in tumors receiving ≥ 2 injections compared with those receiving a single injection (0% vs 36%). No association was identified between SSC and triamcinolone dose, timing of injection relative to surgery, tumor characteristics, perioperative medications, or bandaging practices. Among tumors with a recorded response, 65% decreased in size, with a median reduction of 40%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>NIT administration within 30 days of excision was not associated with an increased incidence of short-term postoperative incisional complications in dogs with cutaneous or subcutaneous MCTs.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>NIT may be considered as an adjunct in management of canine MCTs to reduce tumor size and peritumoral inflammation while maintaining an acceptable SSC rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148411891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No significant difference in outcomes found between vacuum-assisted closure versus standard bandaging of free meshed full-thickness skin grafts in a cohort of 125 dogs.","authors":"Jory S Clark, Tasha M Faletti, Jim Taylor, David M McChesney, Julia C Hawthorne","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.03.0159","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.26.03.0159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare outcomes of full-thickness skin grafting in dogs treated with vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) versus standard bandaging (SB), and to determine whether there is a difference between splinted and staged cases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this single-private practice retrospective observational study, records from January 2012 to December 2025 were reviewed. Dogs with free meshed skin grafts treated with VAC versus SB and that had ≥ 14 days' follow-up were included. Signalment, comorbidities, wound characteristics, peri- and postoperative management, complications, follow-up, and outcomes were recorded. Graft success was deemed as ≥ 75% viability of the original area. Variables were compared between treatment groups and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 127 grafts among 125 client-owned dogs: 24 VAC and 103 SB. No statistically significant difference in outcome was detected between treatment groups after adjustment. Overall graft success was 107 of 127 (84.3%; VAC, 22 of 24 [91.6%]; SB, 85 of 103 [82.5%]). Staging was associated with increased postoperative complications, but did not reach significance (75.7% vs 55.6%). Surgical site infection (SSI) and proximal pelvic limb wounds were associated with a 23.83% (95% CI, 13.7% to 33.98%) and 33.7% (95% CI, 12% to 55.26%) increase in graft loss percentage points, respectively. Staging was associated with SSI in univariate analysis (OR, 5.47; 95% CI, 2.21 to 13.54; P < .001), but only approached significance in multivariate analysis (OR, 3.47; 95% CI, 0.89 to 13.48; P = .073).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both VAC and SB are appropriate for graft management. Infection monitoring and control were important factors for improved outcome.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>VAC and SB as well as splinting should be considered in skin graft cases. Staging should be reserved for select cases and may be associated with SSI. Prospective studies are suggested to further investigate findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148411936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orchiectomy in horses: closed technique and primary closure of the incision.","authors":"José Prazeres, João Borges, Daniela Teixeira, Ricardo Agrícola, Lúcia Carvalho, Gesiane Ribeiro","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.02.0091","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.26.02.0091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To provide a video tutorial on how to perform equine castrations using the closed technique and primary closure of the skin.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Intact male horses presented to equine veterinary hospitals for castration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The closed castration technique was performed with incisions over the inguinal rings and primary closure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This technique is associated with minimal complications, decreased edema, less pain, lower infection rates, and faster healing.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The technique presented in this video tutorial provides a quick and safe method for removing descended as well as nondescended testicles in an inguinal location. This technique is associated with faster recovery and return to sports activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148368550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute-onset neurologic signs in an indoor/outdoor domestic shorthair cat.","authors":"Sophie R Nelissen, Charles H Belknap, Timothy K Wu","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.04.0313","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.26.04.0313","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148368448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stranguria in a 3-month-old Holstein-Friesian heifer.","authors":"Blanca Durantez, Leonor Cerca, Alejandro Merchán Muñoz","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.03.0241","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.26.03.0241","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148368583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bedinvetmab (Librela/Beransa) in dogs raises safety concerns, including rapidly progressive osteoarthritis, and warrants vigilant adverse event reporting.","authors":"Dirsko J F von Pfeil, Robert J Adams, Louise Clark, Curtis W Dewey, Matthew W Brunke, Michael Garner, Otto I Lanz, Nate Miller, Lee Breshears, Loïc M Déjardin, Andrew Armitage, Kei Hayashi, Aldo Vezzoni","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.03.0170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.03.0170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bedinvetmab (Librela/Beransa) is a canine anti-nerve growth factor monoclonal antibody (aNGFmAb) approved for the management of osteoarthritis pain. By neutralizing NGF, it reduces nociceptive signaling and improves comfort. However, NGF plays critical roles in neural, bone, and cartilage homeostasis across species. Multiple studies indicate that NGF contributes to bone remodeling and cartilage repair by modulating osteoblast, osteoclast, and chondrocyte activity, processes that are highly active in osteoarthritic joints. In humans, rodents, and rabbits, inhibition of NGF is associated with rapidly progressive osteoarthritis, a serious adverse event characterized by accelerated joint destruction and collapse, which ultimately prevented regulatory approval of human aNGFmAbs-yet the canine aNGFmAb, bedinvetmab, received marketing authorization. Emerging clinical signals in canine patients raise concern that NGF blockade may similarly mask early structural deterioration, potentially accelerating osteolysis and chondrolysis in both index joints and nonindex joints. Although purportedly rare, those adverse drug events are irreversible and often catastrophic, resulting in rapid joint degeneration, progressive osseous collapse, and fractures, which can occur within months. This stands in contrast to high reported clinician satisfaction rates and underscores the need for careful postmarketing vigilance. Given NGF's integral role in joint biology, objective monitoring strategies are warranted. These strategies should include thorough baseline and follow-up examinations, standardized imaging protocols, diligent adverse event reporting, and, where appropriate, histopathological assessment. Transparent communication of potential risks, along with documented informed consent, is essential to support balanced, clinical decision-making by veterinarians and pet owners.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148338647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonographic features of gastric mucosal hypertrophy in dogs receiving chronic omeprazole: a retrospective case series.","authors":"Christopher R Tollefson, Michael Merkhassine, Gerald E Duhamel, Brian M Chambers, Meredith Miller","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.04.0297","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.26.04.0297","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe ultrasonographic features of gastric mucosal abnormalities in dogs receiving chronic omeprazole therapy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records from a veterinary teaching hospital were retrospectively reviewed to identify dogs evaluated between 2020 and 2026 with a history of chronic (≥ 5 months) omeprazole administration that had undergone abdominal ultrasonography. Dogs were included if ultrasonography demonstrated gastric wall abnormalities consistent with a defined pattern. Nine dogs met the inclusion criteria. Dogs were medium to large breed and receiving omeprazole for management of portosystemic shunting, gastric ulceration, or chronic enteropathy. Ultrasonographic findings were descriptively reviewed, and available histopathology was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 9 dogs demonstrated gastric wall changes characterized by predominantly mucosal involvement. Abnormalities were localized to the gastric body and fundus in all dogs and were circumferential in 7 and focal in 2. The mucosa was hyperechoic and mildly heterogeneous with undulating margins and thickened rugal folds. Small intramucosal hypoechoic to anechoic round structures were identified in 4 dogs. Gastric wall layering was preserved in 8 dogs, with no regional lymphadenopathy or perigastric abnormalities. Differential diagnoses included severe gastritis, infiltrative gastric neoplasia, mural hemorrhage, and hypertrophic gastropathies. Histopathology, available in 4 dogs, supported a PPI-associated hypertrophic mucosal phenotype characterized by mucous neck cell hyperplasia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Chronic omeprazole administration in dogs was associated with a consistent ultrasonographic pattern of mucosal-predominant gastric wall changes.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Recognition of this pattern may help differentiate medication-associated changes from more aggressive disease processes and guide diagnostic decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148338637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dogs with intrahepatic portal hypertension of congenital cause have distinct diagnostic findings compared to dogs with chronic hepatitis-related portal hypertension.","authors":"Paige Albers, Tarini Ullal, Sarah Shropshire, M Katherine Tolbert, Alison M Lee, João P Cavasin, Sara A Jablonski","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.03.0218","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.26.03.0218","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare signalment, laboratory, and imaging findings in dogs with intrahepatic portal hypertension (PH) secondary to congenital hepatic disorders or chronic hepatitis (idiopathic or copper associated).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a multi-institutional retrospective study (January 1, 2013, to August 25, 2024). Dogs were included if they had clinical evidence of PH (multiple portosystemic shunts, peritoneal effusion, or both) and evidence of liver dysfunction. Dogs were classified as having congenital disease or chronic hepatitis causing PH based on blinded review of liver histopathology. Categorical variables were compared with the Fisher exact test. Continuous variables were compared via the Mann-Whitney U test; variables with P < .2 were included in a multivariable model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>39 dogs met inclusion criteria (16 congenital and 23 chronic hepatitis). Dogs with chronic hepatitis were older and had higher serum bilirubin, ALP, and GGT concentrations; lower serum albumin concentrations; and lower platelet counts compared to dogs with congenital disease. Dogs with congenital hepatic disease had lower MCV. Age and MCV remained significant on multivariable analysis. Hepatic parenchymal heterogeneity on abdominal ultrasound was reported more frequently in dogs with chronic hepatitis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Liver biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosing the cause of intrahepatic PH in dogs. However, age, specific clinicopathologic abnormalities, and hepatic ultrasonographic heterogeneity might help clinicians differentiate these conditions when histopathology is unavailable.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>When liver biopsy is unavailable, clinicians evaluating dogs with PH might use age, MCV, albumin, platelet count, cholestatic enzyme activities, and hepatic ultrasonographic echotexture to prioritize congenital versus chronic hepatitis etiologies and guide prognostic counseling.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148338645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caudal vena cava-to-aorta ratio in hemodynamically stable and unstable client-owned rabbits.","authors":"Taylor Lashlee, Christopher R Tollefson, Armi M Pigott, Lauren Thielen, Margherita De Silva, Nicola Di Girolamo","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.01.0013","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.26.01.0013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the feasibility of measuring caudal vena cava (CVC) and aorta size in non-contrast-enhanced CT scans of rabbits, variations in size and circularity depending on anatomical location, factors and conditions affecting the CVC-to-aorta (CVC:Ao) ratios, and changes of CVC:Ao ratios in hemodynamically unstable rabbits.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included consecutive client-owned rabbits that presented to the Cornell University Hospital for Animals between June 2022 and October 2024 and received an abdominal CT. Forty-nine CT scans from 46 individual rabbits were included. The CVC:Ao ratio was determined similarly to dogs. Hemodynamically instability was assessed by 2 independent blinded investigators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>100% (95% CI, 92.8% to 100%) and 87.8% (95% CI, 75.2% to 95.4%) of the thoracic and abdominal CVC:Ao ratios, respectively, were measurable. Several factors were associated with abdominal and thoracic CVC:Ao ratios and their difference, including a higher difference between abdominal and thoracic ratio in rabbits with intestinal obstruction. The abdominal CVC:Ao ratio and the difference between abdominal and thoracic CVC:Ao ratio were significant predictors of hemodynamic instability, with a 6-fold and 8-fold increase in the odds of hemodynamic instability for every additional unit of these ratios and an area under the curve of 0.73 (95% CI, 0.56 to 0.91) and of 0.79 (95% CI, 0.64 to 0.93).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In diseased rabbits, the aorta and CVC are larger and less circular in the thorax than in the abdomen. In hemodynamic unstable rabbits, the thoracic CVC:Ao ratio decreased while the abdominal CVC:Ao ratio increased, likely owing to gastric compression on the vena cava.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>CVC:Ao ratios can be used as significant predictors of hemodynamic instability in diseased rabbits.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148338693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}