Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association最新文献

{"title":"Effective mitigation of an outbreak of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli infections in a small animal veterinary teaching hospital.","authors":"Ian DeStefano, Claire L Fellman, Alicia C Bergeron, Lauren M Golato, Shira Doron, Melissa Cumming, Catherine M Brown, Jessica Leaf, Jaclyn Dietrich, Regina Wagner, Stephen D Cole","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.09.0572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.09.0572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe infection prevention and control (IPC) interventions implemented in response to an outbreak of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infections in a veterinary teaching hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multimodal intervention was introduced that included environmental surveillance, point-prevalence surveillance of hospitalized dogs and cats, mandatory education/training about CRE, alterations in personal protective equipment protocols, increased environmental cleaning/disinfection, workflow modifications, and expert consultation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The highest environmental point prevalence for all-type carbapenemase-producing CRE (CP-CRE) or NDM Escherichia coli samples was 59.4% (19 of 32) or 37.5% (12 of 32), respectively. The highest prevalence of patient colonization with all-type CP-CRE (4 of 13 [30.8%]) or NDM E coli (3 of 13 [23.1%]) occurred at the same time point. Following the interventions, NDM E coli and all-type CP-CRE in the environment rapidly declined, and no further clinical infections were documented in the subsequent 7 months. However, CP-CRE and NDM E coli patient colonization rates took several months to decline.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both clinical infections and patient colonization with CRE declined by use of a multimodal IPC strategy. However, inpatient colonization rates declined more slowly, suggesting ongoing intrafacility transmission and/or unidentified environmental reservoirs that took longer to resolve.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This study described feasible IPC interventions that can be applied to inpatient small animal settings to help mitigate acquisition of CRE infections and asymptomatic colonization. Monitoring for clinical infections alone is an insensitive indicator of intrafacility CRE transmission in hospitalized patients. Substantial expenses were associated with the outbreak. Improved IPC and early intervention are recommended to prevent CRE transmission within veterinary hospitals.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subclinical gastrointestinal mucosal lesions occur in dogs with intrahepatic portosystemic shunts independent of percutaneous transvenous coil embolization.","authors":"Erin A Gibson, William T N Culp, Brian T Hardy, Michelle A Giuffrida, Ingrid M Balsa, Phillip Mayhew, Stanley L Marks","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.11.0707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.11.0707","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the prevalence and severity of gastrointestinal mucosal lesions in dogs with intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (IHPSS), and to compare the prevalence and severity of gastrointestinal mucosal lesions in dogs with IHPSS before and after treatment with percutaneous transvenous coil embolization (PTCE) based on capsule endoscopy (CE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective clinical trial was performed from June 1, 2020, to March 1, 2022. Ten client-owned dogs diagnosed with IHPSS by use of CT angiography were included. Dogs were administered a capsule endoscopy device prior to and 1 month following PTCE. Outcomes compared before and after PTCE included gastrointestinal mucosal lesions as observed via CE, serum biochemistry changes, and client-reported clinical metrology data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All dogs underwent pre- and postprocedure CE without adverse events. Six and 5 dogs each had gastric and intestinal mucosal lesions on pre-PTCE CE images, whereas 8 and 4 dogs each had gastric and intestinal mucosal lesions after PTCE. Six of 7 dogs with pre-PTCE lesions had post-PTCE lesions, and 3 of 4 dogs without pre-PTCE lesions had post-PTCE lesions. There was no significant difference in mucosal severity scores of gastric or small intestinal segments before PTCE or 1 month after PTCE. There was significant improvement in owner-reported symptom assessment scores 1 month after PTCE compared to before PTCE.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Abnormalities of the gastric and small intestinal mucosal surface were common on the basis of CE images within this population of dogs with IHPSS. Severity of mucosal lesions was not associated with PTCE treatment short-term.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Dogs with IHPSS prior to and following PTCE may require ongoing management for subclinical gastrointestinal lesions. Further investigation to understand clinical relevance of these lesions is indicated.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insertion site of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts influences clinicopathological findings in dogs.","authors":"Yinthe Demeulemeester, Hilde de Rooster, Gonçalo Serrano, Emmelie Stock, Nausikaa Devriendt","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.08.0541","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.24.08.0541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Determine the influence of insertion site of extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (EHPSS) on clinicopathological findings in dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was performed in dogs diagnosed with an EHPSS. Cases were eligible if EHPSS morphology was categorized as portoazygos (PA) shunts, portocaval (PC) shunts entering the prehepatic caudal vena cava at the level of the omental foramen, or portophrenic (PP) shunts. Furthermore, completed standardized questionnaires on clinical signs at diagnosis had to be available. Signalment, clinical scores, and findings on blood analyses and medical imaging were determined and statistically analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data of 104 dogs (15 PA, 70 PC, and 19 PP shunts) were included. Dogs with PC shunts were significantly younger than dogs with PA and PP shunts. Furthermore, dogs with PC shunts had a significantly lower body condition score and a significantly worse clinical score compared to dogs with PP shunts. Microcytosis and monocytosis were more pronounced in dogs with PC shunts compared to those with PP shunts. Finally, urea and creatinine concentrations were significantly lower and preprandial serum bile acids and fasted ammonia concentrations were significantly higher in dogs with PC shunts than in those with PP shunts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dogs with PC shunts are more likely to be presented at an earlier age, with more severe clinical signs and more distinct abnormalities in blood parameters compared to dogs with PP shunts.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>In older dogs with less distinct clinical signs suspected of having an EHPSS, screening for a PP shunt, which is more difficult to diagnose with ultrasonography, is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ovarian hemorrhage as the primary cause of hemoperitoneum in cycling and pregnant Miniature Horse mares.","authors":"Olivia E Stricklin, Erica C McKenzie, Pun Sriboonyapirat, Duncan S Russell, Constance N White","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.11.0723","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.24.11.0723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine whether Miniature Horse mares are predisposed to hemoperitoneum from nonneoplastic ovarian hemorrhage and report the clinical characteristics of this disorder.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>51 equines with hemoperitoneum, including 22 nonminiature mares and 9 Miniature Horse mares, identified by searching medical records of a tertiary large animal hospital for confirmed hemoperitoneum cases between 2012 and 2023.</p><p><strong>Clinical presentation: </strong>Signs of hemoperitoneum in miniature mares included lethargy, inappetence, colic, tachycardia, and moderate to severe anemia (PCV ranging from 11% to 19%). Five miniature mares did not survive and were necropsied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Miniature Horse mares were markedly overrepresented at 29% of hemoperitoneum mares, and no miniature stallions or geldings with hemoperitoneum were identified. In nonminiature mares, hemoperitoneum was attributed to intestinal strangulation (n = 4), suspected or confirmed neoplasia (11), peripartum uterine artery rupture (2), splenic trauma (3), ovarian hematoma (1), and spontaneous broad ligament hematoma (1). In miniature mares, ruptured corpus hemorrhagicum (n = 4) and ovarian hemorrhage (1) were confirmed at necropsy. The other 4 miniature mares survived with no definitive cause of hemoperitoneum identified on extensive diagnostics; 1 was treated for hemoperitoneum again 6 years later, at which time a corpus hemorrhagicum was suspected on ovarian ultrasound. Two miniature mares in first-trimester gestation during treatment for hemoperitoneum subsequently produced normal foals.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Ovarian hemorrhage is an uncommon cause of hemoperitoneum in equines; however, it should be considered a likely differential diagnosis for hemoperitoneum in miniature mares, including during pregnancy. Reproductive tract assessment should be performed in equine hemoperitoneum cases, particularly for miniature mares.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"662-670"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral osteomyelitis and gingivitis caused by Fusarium epipeda is challenging to treat in the bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps).","authors":"Ivana Levy, Nathan Wiederhold, Connie Cañete-Gibas, Christoph Mans","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.12.0774","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.24.12.0774","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143407945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resolution of egg binding is possible in most client-owned parrots when multiple treatment strategies are considered.","authors":"Ali Vavlas, Holly Galusha, Joerg Mayer, Brian Speer, Nicola Di Girolamo","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.11.0749","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.24.11.0749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Egg binding is a common and potentially life-threatening disorder in avian species. The aim of this study was to analyze the success rate and associated complications of different treatment approaches for egg binding in parrots.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All parrots treated in an avian-exclusive veterinary practice for egg binding during an 11-year period (2009 to 2020) were eligible for inclusion in this retrospective study. The primary outcome of the study was resolution of egg binding, defined as removal or laying of the egg and survival at 7 days from presentation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 150 events that had complete follow-up, 109 (72.7%) resulted in a successful outcome. A successful outcome was observed in 44 of 133 events (33.1%) that were initially managed medically without resorting to additional treatment strategies, in 31 events (86.1%) managed with mechanical assistance, in 20 events (60.6%) managed surgically, and in 12 events (85.7%) managed with ovocentesis. Time from presentation to resolution was a median of 36 hours (range, 1 to 240 hours; n = 119). Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated associations between higher body weight, administration of medical treatment and mechanical assistance, absence of administration of sedation or anesthesia, and absence of obtundation or stupor on presentation with a positive outcome.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, egg binding has a favorable outcome if multiple treatment strategies in addition to medical management are considered.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>We identified factors associated with resolution and outlined complications of egg binding in parrots, laying the foundation for additional prospective research on this complex condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"628-634"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143407946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidrug-resistant wound infections are associated with greater mortality, larger costs, and longer hospitalizations than susceptible infections in canine patients.","authors":"Delaina Allegretti, Scarlett M Sumner, Laura Huber, Katelyn Hlusko, Kayla M Corriveau, Brad Matz, Michael Tillson","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.11.0727","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.24.11.0727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and economic impact of multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections in dogs at a tertiary referral hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective cohort study including dogs with positive aerobic culture associated with a traumatic wound or surgical site infection between July 2018 and November 2023. Data collected from medical records included signalment, wound type, culture results, medications (antibiotics, NSAIDs, steroids, immunosuppressives), wound care, hospitalization duration, concurrent illnesses, surgical variables, and cost. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with MDR development.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>80 dogs met the inclusion criteria, and 19 had MDR infections. Multidrug resistance increased the odds of longer hospitalization duration by 2.98 times (95% CI, 1.09 to 8.19), mortality rates by 11.8 times (95% CI, 1.24 to 112.08), and total costs by 3.57 times (95% CI, 1.3 to 9.83). Steroid use within the past year, NSAID or steroid use within 1 week before culture, and initial preculture use of either penicillin or clindamycin in the past 3 months increased the risk of MDR development by 4.51 to 7.4 times (95% CI, 1.71 to 32.09).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Multidrug-resistant infections were associated with greater mortality, larger costs, and longer hospitalizations. Risk factors for MDR infections included steroid use within the past year, NSAID or steroid use within 1 week before culture, and either penicillin or clindamycin within 3 months before culture.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Multidrug-resistant pathogens have clinical and economic impacts on veterinary healthcare, and there is a need to implement standardized surveillance and prevention programs in veterinary hospitals.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143370341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liposomal bupivacaine use is not associated with a higher rate of surgical site infections or multidrug-resistant infections in dogs undergoing anal sacculectomy.","authors":"Benjamin H Goldblatt, Giovanni Tremolada","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.10.0682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.10.0682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe whether infiltration of liposomal bupivacaine (LB) is a risk factor for the development of surgical site infection (SSI) in anal sacculectomy (AS) and compare bacterial isolates from SSIs in animals that received LB and those that did not.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A medical record review was performed at Colorado State University for dogs undergoing AS between August 2019 and October 2024. Data retrieved included signalment, reason for AS, anesthesia time, additional procedure performed, perioperative and postoperative antibiotic administration, use of LB, development of SSI, and bacterial isolates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study population included 105 dogs that underwent a total of 121 ASs. In 18 of 105 cases (17.1%), SSI was noted. For the cases where LB was infiltrated intraoperatively, the rate of SSI was 17.5% (11 of 63). In cases where LB was not used, the rate of SSI was 16.7% (7 of 42). The most common bacterial isolates were Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. Of the 10 cultures, 8 had resistance profiles and 2 of 8 (25%) were found to have multidrug-resistant bacteria present, with no difference between the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study did not show that LB was a significant risk factor for the development of SSI or multidrug-resistant infections.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Incisional infiltration of LB does not seem to be associated with a higher rate of SSI or higher rates of multidrug-resistant infections in dogs undergoing AS.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143370388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical treatment and resolution of gastric dilatation and volvulus in a rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus).","authors":"Ava E Vasyliev, Nicholas A Jew","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.11.0753","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.24.11.0753","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143370625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distal paravertebral block anesthesia with a mixture of lidocaine and xylazine has a longer duration than a lidocaine block coupled with intramuscular xylazine in steers.","authors":"Kelley M Varner, Maya Keefer, Margaret Mooring, Sarah Klein, Kim Love","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.09.0610","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.24.09.0610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine whether the site of administration of xylazine alters its impact on lidocaine's duration of action when administered as a distal paravertebral block (DPV) in steers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>6 healthy steers were used. Unilateral DPVs were performed at L1, L2, and L4. Each steer received 2 treatments in a blinded random crossover study. The local xylazine treatment group received 6 mg of lidocaine/kg mixed with 0.02 mg of xylazine/kg as a DPV, followed by an injection of 0.9% NaCl in the cervical musculature. The systemic xylazine treatment group received 6 mg of lidocaine/kg as a DPV and 0.02 mg of xylazine/kg in the cervical musculature. Sensation was assessed by response to needle pricks along the paralumbar fossa with a 22-gauge hypodermic needle. The time of onset, duration of action, sedation score, and heart rate were compared between treatments. Data are reported as mean ± SD. This study was completed over a 2-week period in May 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The duration of anesthesia was significantly prolonged after DPV in steers treated with local xylazine (186.7 ± 58.7 minutes) compared to systemic xylazine (95 ± 36.3 minutes). Both treatments were associated with mild decreases in heart rate and sedation but were not significantly different between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The addition of xylazine to lidocaine when administered as a DPV provides a longer duration of anesthesia than when xylazine is administered at a distant site to local anesthetic solution deposition.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The combination of lidocaine and xylazine when administered as a DPV prolongs the duration of action of lidocaine and is a practical, inexpensive technique.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"468-472"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143255718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}