Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association最新文献

{"title":"The brachycephalic risk (BRisk) score's predictability for major postoperative complications varies between breeds undergoing brachycephalic obstructive airway surgery.","authors":"Lauryn M Cooper, Janet A Grimes, Akaterina M Davros","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.03.0145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.03.0145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the validity of the brachycephalic risk (BRisk) score to correctly predict the risk of complications in dogs undergoing surgery for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2024, were retrospectively reviewed. Variables for the BRisk score were collected, and scores were assigned. Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for the ability of the BRisk score to correctly predict major postoperative complications (oxygen required for > 48 hours, temporary tracheostomy, permanent tracheostomy, and/or death).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>228 brachycephalic dogs undergoing BOAS surgery were included, of which 29 dogs (12.7%) had major postoperative complications. The median BRisk score for all dogs was 3.5 (range, 0.5 to 9.5). Dogs with a score > 3 were 3.0 times more likely to have major postoperative complications (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.2 to 7.3) compared to dogs with scores ≤ 3. The AUC of the BRisk score for predicting major postoperative complications was 0.719 (95% CI, 0.620 to 0.819). The AUC for French and English Bulldogs was 0.667 (95% CI, 0.527 to 0.806) and 0.754 (95% CI, 0.556 to 0.953), respectively. For breeds other than French or English Bulldog, the AUC was 0.882 (95% CI, 0.757 to 1.000).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The BRisk score had acceptable performance in this population. Performance varied by breed and was worst for French Bulldogs.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The BRisk score had acceptable performance in this external validation group. A breed-specific BRisk score with excellent to outstanding discrimination may better identify dogs at risk for major postoperative complications following BOAS surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding veterinary technician burnout, part 1: burnout profiles reveal high workload and lack of support are among major workplace contributors to burnout.","authors":"Angela J Chapman, Vanessa I Rohlf, Pauleen C Bennett","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.03.0163","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.25.03.0163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify burnout profiles and levels of burnout among veterinary technicians (VTs) and explore workplace contributors to burnout after accounting for nonworkplace stress.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An international convenience sample of 187 participants, recruited between December 7, 2023, and January 31, 2024, completed an anonymous online survey that included the Maslach Burnout Inventory, Brief Daily Stressors Screening Tool, and Areas of Worklife Survey. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients and hierarchical multiple regressions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two-thirds (66%) met the criteria for burnout in at least 1 of the 3 burnout dimensions. Common burnout profiles among respondents were Engaged (34%), Ineffective (28%), and Overwhelmed (23%), indicating high workloads and lack of support. Of the 6 Areas of Worklife, the Workload domain was most strongly related to burnout. Hierarchical multiple regressions revealed that, after controlling for nonworkplace stress, the Workload and Values domains, as well as nonworkplace stress, predicted Emotional Exhaustion. High reward predicted Personal Accomplishment, while low reward and nonwork stress predicted Depersonalization.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Veterinary technicians met the criteria for high levels of burnout, demonstrating a critical need for intervention. High workload and lack of support were key contributors to burnout; therefore, strategies such as streamlining workload and increased utilization of skills and knowledge may reduce burnout risk and improve the health and retention of VTs.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This study identifies the need for organizations to address key areas of workplace stress to reduce existing high levels of burnout in VTs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral follicular activity in a 7-year-old Oldenburg mare with a 3-year history of an enlarged left ovary.","authors":"Elena Martinez de Andino, Leslie Sandoval Rosales, Tamara G Dobbie, Patricia L Sertich","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.03.0158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.03.0158","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding veterinary technician burnout, part 2: addressing veterinary technician burnout requires tailored organizational well-being initiatives.","authors":"Angela J Chapman, Vanessa I Rohlf, Ariella Y Moser, Pauleen C Bennett","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.03.0164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.03.0164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore veterinary technicians (VTs) perspectives on contributors to burnout and examine existing and proposed workplace initiatives to support employee well-being.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An anonymous online survey was completed by 172 international VTs between December 7, 2023, and January 31, 2024. Responses to 6 open-ended questions exploring perceived barriers and contributors to positive workplace well-being, as well as existing and proposed workplace well-being initiatives, were analyzed using content analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Understaffing, poor leadership, and poor team communications were perceived as key contributors to poor well-being. Respectful communication, recognition of work, and equitable treatment were perceived to contribute to positive well-being. Under half of respondents (48%) reported no existing wellness initiatives in their workplace. Employee Assistance Programs, reported by 37% of respondents, were the most common initiative.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Veterinary technicians report a range of organizational risk and protective factors contributing to their well-being at work, and the existence of comprehensive tailored well-being initiatives is relatively absent. There is a critical need for organizational evidence-based well-being programs tailored to VTs working in veterinary practice settings. Further research is required to develop and refine these strategies.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This study provides information on perceived gaps in workplace well-being initiatives, as well as workplace factors that must be addressed to maximize well-being and more effectively manage burnout in VTs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of oral meloxicam in beef calves with neonatal calf diarrhea.","authors":"Hannah M Neill, Emily J Reppert, Michael D Kleinhenz, Mikaela M Weeder, Dane Schwartz, Misty Bear, Kushan Kompalage, Ryan Tucker, Johann F Coetzee, Abbie V Viscardi","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.03.0202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.03.0202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine behavioral and physiologic outcomes associated with the expression of pain in calves with naturally occurring neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD) and determine the impact of meloxicam administration on reducing these pain-related behaviors and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Beef calves 3 to 30 days old with NCD and no comorbidities or prior NSAID or steroid administration were enrolled as clinical cases, and healthy beef calves were enrolled as controls. Clinical cases received either meloxicam (MEL group) or placebo (PLBO group) treatment; all controls received placebo. Over 7 time points, outcomes measured were substance P, prostaglandin E metabolite, mechanical nociceptive threshold, gait analysis, behavior analysis, physical examinations, and intake bloodwork.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>20 calves with NCD and 8 healthy calves were enrolled. Prostaglandin E metabolite was significantly higher in calves with NCD than controls. Control calves were more reactive to pressure over the hip than calves with NCD, particularly those treated with meloxicam. Calves with NCD had shorter stride length and slower gait velocity compared to controls. Calves with NCD spent more time lying and more time lying with their head up compared to controls. Calves in the MEL group spent more time lying with their head down compared to PLBO calves.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Differences in mechanical nociceptive threshold, gait analysis, and lying behavior possibly indicated the presence of abdominal pain. Differences in head posture between MEL and PLBO calves suggest that calves treated with meloxicam may have been more comfortable.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Calves with NCD may experience pain, and treating them with meloxicam may relieve that pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of tibiotarsal diseases with nonarticulating linear external skeletal fixation for temporary tarsal immobilization in 22 dogs (2011-2024).","authors":"Helen Tsoi, Briana Morgan, Karl H Kraus","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.03.0168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.03.0168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe a transtarsal fixation with a modified type II external skeletal fixator configuration utilizing straight connecting rods and single clamps for temporary tarsal immobilization and to evaluate the perioperative outcomes and complications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An observational study evaluating dogs that underwent placement of the described fixator configuration at a single institution (January 2011 to December 2024). Cases with alternative configurations, with incomplete medical records, and that were lost to follow-up were excluded. Information was collected regarding signalment, body weight, injury, use of intraoperative fluoroscopy, number of pins, total surgery time, time to fixator removal, and the presence of complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>22 dogs met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the reported injuries were common calcaneal tendon ruptures (77.3%), with lesser frequencies of fractures and joint instability. Twelve dogs experienced minor complications consisting of pin-related morbidities (radiographic lucency, loosening, bending, migration) and 1 instance of clamp loosening. Two dogs experienced major complications associated with fixator failure. The median time to fixator removal was 44 days (range, 28 to 118 days). In 19 of 22 cases, the fixators remained in place for the duration of the time required for treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The described fixator configuration was successful in supporting the tarsus for conditions that required tarsal immobilization. The complication rate was similar to previous reports, and the majority of complications required no additional treatment.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>A nonarticulating transtarsal linear external skeletal fixator can be considered as an alternative approach for temporary tarsal immobilization. This minimalistic technique does not require the use of double clamps, hinges, rings, or acrylic/epoxy resin.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis and gastrointestinal signs in dogs: a case-control study.","authors":"Ana M Oliveira, Kiterie Faller, Megan Madden","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.02.0119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.02.0119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate whether gastrointestinal signs are more frequently observed in dogs with steroid-responsive meningitis-arteritis (SRMA) compared to a control population. We hypothesized that dogs with SRMA would have higher odds of exhibiting gastrointestinal signs than controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a single-center, retrospective case-control study, dogs diagnosed with SRMA between December 2018 and December 2023 were identified through the institutional database medical records of the Hospital for Small Animals, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh. Data collected included signalment, cerebrospinal fluid analysis results, serum C-reactive protein levels, presenting clinical signs, and the presence of gastrointestinal signs before and during the initial phase of corticosteroid treatment. The control group consisted of age-matched dogs hospitalized during the same time period and for a similar duration that had not been referred for gastrointestinal signs and had full medical records available.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>50 dogs were included in each group. Gastrointestinal signs were more frequently reported in the SRMA group, with significantly increased odds of vomiting (adjusted OR [ORa] = 7.37; 95% CI, 1.99 to 27.32) and diarrhea (ORa = 6.47; 95% CI, 2.00 to 20.91). No significant difference in regurgitation was observed (ORa = 0.49; 95% CI, 0.04 to 5.58). Among SRMA cases, gastrointestinal signs were more likely to be present prior to corticosteroid medication (ORa = 5.76; 95% CI, 2.07 to 15.97).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Gastrointestinal signs (specifically vomiting and diarrhea) were more common in dogs with SRMA compared to controls.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Further research is needed to investigate concurrent gastrointestinal inflammatory disease in dogs with SRMA.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergency clinicians need more information about offering spectrum of care and solutions for clients with financial limitations.","authors":"Zachary Wilcox, Emily McCobb, Seana Dowling-Guyer, Elizabeth Rozanski","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.01.0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.01.0034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Owner-reported financial limitations are common in emergency practice, but it is unclear what clinicians do when faced with clients who cannot afford the recommended treatment plan. The objective of this study was to survey emergency veterinarians and ask about what they would recommend when faced with common scenarios that are treatable but where financial limitations exist.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An anonymous, internet-based survey of small animal veterinarians at emergency hospitals who described treatment options for a series of case-based scenarios where owners had financial limitations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>168 emergency veterinarians responded to the scenario questions. Owner-reported financial limitations resulted in various recommendations, which sometimes varied by scenario, including return to a primary care veterinarian, referral to a shelter or high-quality, high-volume spay-neuter clinic, emergency clinician-performed procedures, surrender, and euthanasia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Owner-reported financial limitations have a variety of possible solutions, not all of which were readily apparent to all emergency clinicians. High-quality, high-volume spay-neuter clinic referral was less commonly considered. Life-threatening conditions often resulted in recommendations for euthanasia or possible surrender, as well as return to a primary care veterinarian.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>While there is a growing recognition of the need for a spectrum-of-care approach when presenting options to veterinary clients, options are often limited in emergency practice. Our results indicated that, while clinicians want to offer a variety of options, they may not be aware of all options. Maximizing partnerships between emergency hospitals and primary care veterinarians, shelters, and high-quality, high-volume clinics is a strategy that might help increase care options in a region.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pica as a clinical sign of a chronic enteropathy in dogs and cats.","authors":"Julianna Perez, Sara Ford, Heather Lynch","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.02.0079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.02.0079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine whether pica should be considered as a clinical sign of a chronic enteropathy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a retrospective review, 133 client-owned dogs and cats presented to a multispecialty hospital for endoscopic gastric foreign body retrieval between January 1, 2018, and August 26, 2024. Chronic gastrointestinal sign data were noted, and the animals were divided into 81 that were not biopsied and 41 receiving gastrointestinal biopsies (11 biopsied excluded). Biopsied animals were screened for anemia, pregnancy, juvenile age (< 2 years of age), use of appetite stimulants or corticosteroids, or endocrinopathies. Biopsy specimens were classified by severity level and type of cellular infiltrates. Presence of Helicobacter spp was documented.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>100% (41 of 41) of biopsied animals and 66% (70 of 106) of all animals with data available reported chronic gastrointestinal signs. The median age was 8 years in dogs and 6 years in cats. One hundred percent (41 of 41) of biopsied animals had histologic chronic enteritis, and 80% (33 of 41) had histologic chronic gastritis. Helicobacter spp was noted in 49% (20 of 41) and was positively associated with gastric inflammation severity (n = 24; ρ = 0.43; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.71).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A significant number of animals with pica and foreign bodies demonstrated evidence of a chronic enteropathy. In most cases, inflammation was lymphoplasmacytic with duodenal predominance. Helicobacter spp was associated with severity of gastric inflammation.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Chronic enteropathies should be considered in cases of pica, with prompt confirmation and treatment to reduce associated morbidity and mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anesthetic complication and endoscopic treatment of soda lime granule aspiration under inhalant general anesthesia in a Greyhound.","authors":"Aubrey G Specht, Rachel Meyer, Caitlin Tearney, Chap Pratt, Maureen Finke, Stacy D Meola","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.02.0087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.02.0087","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}