Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association最新文献

{"title":"Association of Borrelia burgdorferi with nuchal bursitis and elevated outer surface protein A-specific serum antibodies in horses of the northeastern United States.","authors":"Erin K Pearson, Cassandra Guarino, Marta Cercone, Thomas Divers, Jenna Lambert, José García-López, Amy L Johnson, Julie B Engiles, Richard Marconi, Jade Smith, Kara Brown, Toby Pinn-Woodcock","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.05.0312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.05.0312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Evaluate the incidence of Borrelia burgdorferi in cases of equine nuchal bursitis (NB) and investigate the relationship between elevated serum outer surface protein A (OspA) antibodies and the molecular identification of B burgdorferi in bursal tissue or synovial fluid. Additionally, describe clinical cases and compare the histologic changes in NB with and without detection of B burgdorferi.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective multicenter cohort study (2013 to 2022). Medical records from horses with a diagnosis of NB and B burgdorferi PCR testing on NB tissue or synovial fluid were reviewed. The study population included 11 horses with a postmortem diagnosis of NB, 19 horses from the northeastern US with an antemortem diagnosis of B burgdorferi PCR-positive NB, and 15 healthy controls without evidence of NB and unvaccinated for B burgdorferi. Where serum was available, Lyme multiplex assay results were compared with controls and ELISAs targeting individual B burgdorferi antigens were performed. Histologic findings in nuchal bursa tissue were compared between NB cases with and without B burgdorferi PCR detection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum OspA antibody values in B burgdorferi-positive NB cases (n = 13) were significantly elevated (P < .001) compared to controls (15), and OspA was the predominant antigen detected by ELISA (8). Histopathology did not vary between NB cases with (n = 9) and without (6) B burgdorferi PCR detection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The presence of B burgdorferi in the nuchal bursa of horses is associated with increased serum OspA antibodies.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The role of B burgdorferi in equine NB may be underestimated, and targeted therapy requires investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142145662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgery and postoperative definitive radiotherapy for management of canine soft tissue sarcoma: a multi-institutional retrospective study of 272 dogs (2010-2020).","authors":"Isabella M Hildebrandt, Owen T Skinner, Megan A Mickelson, Todd E Daniel, Hayley L Ashworth, Annie Kim, Brandan G Wustefeld-Janssens, Tiffany W Martin, Charly McKenna, Michelle L Oblak, Valerie J Poirier, Karanbir Randhawa, Michelle M Turek, Jonathan F McAnulty, Maureen A Griffin, Lillian E Duda, Carlos R Mendez Valenzuela, Isabelle F Vanhaezebrouck, Allyson A Sterman, Christopher Bloom, Laura E Selmic, Dah-Renn Fu, Jishnu Rao Gutti, Koichi Nagata, Brian Thomsen, Arathi Vinayak, Beatrix Jenei, Charles A Maitz","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.06.0363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.06.0363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To report local progression and survival in dogs following surgery and postoperative definitive radiotherapy (dRT) for management of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) and to evaluate risk factors for local progression and survival.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Records were retrospectively reviewed at 9 referral hospitals for dogs managed with postoperative dRT between January 1, 2010, and January 1, 2020, following surgery for STS. Data related to presentation, surgery, dRT, systemic therapy, and outcome were abstracted. Selected variables were assessed for association with local progression and overall survival.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>272 dogs were included. Histologic grade was reported in 249 dogs: 102 were grade 1 (40.9%), 120 were grade 2 (48.2%), and 27 were grade 3 (10.8%). Local progression was suspected or confirmed in 56 dogs. Local progression rates were similar for grade 1 (24 of 89 [26.7%]), grade 2 (23 of 111 [20.7%]), and grade 3 tumors (6 of 22 [27.3%]). Previous recurrence (P = .010) and subsequent distant metastasis (P = .014) were associated with more frequent local progression; intensity-modulated radiotherapy was associated with decreased local progression (P = .025) compared to other forms of delivery. Age (P = .049), grade (P = .009), previous recurrence (P = .009), and institution type for surgery (P = .043) were associated with overall survival.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Outcomes for most dogs were good; however, the frequency of local progression indicates an ongoing need to critically appraise local management strategies, particularly for low-grade STS. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy was associated with lower rates of local progression and may be preferred to less precise forms of delivery.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>These data may guide clinicians when making decisions regarding dRT for management of STS.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142145663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growing interest but limited evidence on the usefulness of cannabidiol in treating ophthalmic disease in dogs: a review.","authors":"Michala de Linde Henriksen, Stephanie McGrath","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.06.0360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.06.0360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 2 most known cannabinoids are Δ9-tetrahydrocannabidiol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD). Both chemicals are extracted from the cannabis plant but can also be synthetically produced. Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabidiol is extracted from the subspecies of the cannabis plant known as the marijuana plant, which contains a high concentration of THC (0.3% to 30%). Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabidiol is a major psychoactive and intoxicating component of the cannabis plant and is not recommended for use in dogs due to its toxic effect. Cannabidiol is extracted from the subspecies of the cannabis plant known as the hemp plant and must contain less than 0.3% THC. Cannabidiol is a major nonpsychoactive component of the cannabis plant, and its effect has been investigated for epilepsy, neoplasia, and osteoarthritis in dogs. Public interest in the medical use of cannabinoids for various diseases and disorders has grown in the last couple of years. The attention has extended to veterinary medicine, where veterinarians and pet owners are curious about what diseases the nontoxic CBD can be used for to treat companion animals. The use of CBD for ophthalmic diseases has also been investigated due to its anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Intraocular pressure regulation for glaucoma, corneal diseases (eg, keratitis and corneal pain), uveal diseases (eg, endotoxin-induced uveitis), and retinal/optic nerve head diseases (eg, diabetic retinopathy) are areas where CBD's effect has been investigated in humans and animals. The aim of this review is to give an update on what is known regarding the use of cannabinoids, especially CBD, for ophthalmic diseases in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142140124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suspected acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to laundry detergent pod aspiration in a dog.","authors":"Alyshia L Bier, Kimberly L Boyle","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.04.0250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.04.0250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the successful management of a pediatric canine with acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to detergent aspiration.</p><p><strong>Animal: </strong>An 11-week-old female Pembroke Welsh Corgi.</p><p><strong>Clinical presentation, progression, and procedures: </strong>The dog was referred for treatment of respiratory distress secondary to aspiration and ingestion of an unquantifiable amount of detergent from a laundry detergent pod. The dog presented dyspneic, cyanotic, and too weak to stand. Thoracic auscultation revealed increased bronchovesicular sounds bilaterally, without crackles or wheezes.</p><p><strong>Treatment and outcome: </strong>The dog required intubation and mechanical ventilation for 5 days. During hospitalization, the dog developed severe pulmonary edema, hypotension, seizures, and inappropriate mentation. Case management additionally included placement of a nasogastric tube and urinary catheter, nebulization, telemetry, and supportive medications. After 12 days of hospitalization, the dog was discharged. Follow-up examinations were performed weekly for 5 weeks following discharge. There was significant improvement noted on thoracic radiographs and complete resolution of respiratory signs.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report to describe successful treatment with mechanical ventilation for clinical signs associated with detergent aspiration in a canine.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142132702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lethargy, hyporexia, and acute respiratory distress in a 3-year-old spayed female Dachshund.","authors":"Jenise J Carter, Nathan R Biedak, Alice Levy, Alexandra Allen, Agustina Anson Fernandez, Amy F Sato","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.07.0472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.07.0472","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights on feline infectious peritonitis risk factors and sampling strategies from polymerase chain reaction analysis of feline coronavirus in large-scale nationwide submissions.","authors":"Subarna Barua, Shila Sarkar, Kelly Chenoweth, Calvin Johnson, Diane Delmain, Chengming Wang","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.03.0208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.03.0208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This nationwide study aimed to investigate risk factors associated with FIP and determine optimal sample submission strategies for its diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 14,035 clinical samples from cats across the US were analyzed by means of reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR to detect replicating feline coronavirus (FCoV). χ2 and logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between FCoV detection rates and risk factors such as age, gender, breed, and types of submitted samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher FCoV detection rates were observed in younger cats, particularly those aged 0 to 1 year, and in male cats. Purebred cats, notably British Shorthairs [OR: 2.81; P < .001], showed a higher incidence of FCoV infection than other cats. Peritoneal fluid (OR, 7.51; P < .001) exhibited higher FCoV detection rates than other samples, while lower rates were seen in blood samples (OR, 0.08; P < .001) than in other samples. High FCoV detection rates were found in urine, kidney, and lymph node samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study identified significant risk factors associated with FIP. Optimal sample submission strategies, particularly emphasizing the use of peritoneal fluid, kidney, and lymph node, were identified to improve FIP detection rates. Urine yielded a relatively high frequency of infection and viral loads compared with most other samples.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Understanding the risk factors and optimizing sample selection for FIP diagnosis can aid in the early detection and management of the disease, ultimately improving outcomes for affected cats. These findings contribute valuable insights to FIP epidemiology and underscore the importance of continued research to enhance diagnostic strategies and disease management approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secondary fastener (tape) placement on a blood pressure cuff causes interindividual Doppler blood pressure measurement variability in healthy large-breed dogs.","authors":"Alejandra B Principe Martinez, Lauren A Cochran, Anthony M Ishak, Deborah A Keys, Steven W Frederick","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.04.0255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.04.0255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to compare Doppler blood pressure (DBP) measurements between blood pressure cuffs (BPCs) with and without a secondary fastener (tape) in healthy nonanesthetized large-breed dogs.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>28 healthy dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Superficial palmar venous arch DBP measurements with and without tape on the BPC were performed in lateral recumbency with Doppler ultrasound. Each method was performed 6 consecutive times, with the final 5 values averaged. Bland-Altman plots were made and limits of agreement calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The limits of agreement were -40.8 (95% CI, -55.6 to -26.0) to 45.6 (95% CI, 30.8 to 60.4), indicating that the DBP measured with tape would be expected to be between 40.8 mm Hg below and 45.6 mm Hg above that measured without tape 95% of the time. The mean bias estimate was 2.4 mm Hg (SD, 22.0; 95% CI, -6.1 to 11.0; P = .724), indicating that DBP measurements with tape averaged 2.4 mm Hg higher than without tape.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Doppler blood pressure measurements obtained with secondary fasteners on the BPCs differed by > 10 mm Hg compared to the BPCs' standard hook-and-loop fasteners 54% (30 of 56) of the time. Blood pressure cuffs with dysfunctional hook-and-loop fasteners should be replaced due to poor clinical reliability of DBP measurements. However, it is unclear whether Doppler sphygmomanometry is more accurate with the use of traditional Velcro BPC fasteners or with tape BPC fasteners.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142107486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute drooling and anorexia in a Black Angus steer.","authors":"C Robert Stilz, Grazieli Maboni, Daniel R Rissi, Ricardo E Mendes","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.06.0370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.06.0370","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142093164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abdominal ultrasound has inconsistent agreement with subsequent surgery or necropsy findings in dogs and cats with septic peritonitis.","authors":"Curtis G Rheingold, Cody Dickens, Anna Tran, Rebecka S Hess, Yekaterina Buriko","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.04.0271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.04.0271","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate whether abdominal ultrasound correctly diagnosed septic peritonitis and correctly identified its causative lesion in dogs and cats.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>84 client-owned dogs and 10 cats that underwent an abdominal ultrasound and had confirmation of septic peritonitis via exploratory laparotomy or necropsy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective case series documented abdominal ultrasound findings, surgical or necropsy findings, and method for initial diagnosis of septic peritonitis, if different from surgery or necropsy. The surgical report and necropsy findings were compared to sonography results to confirm a diagnosis of septic peritonitis. The frequency at which sonography diagnosed septic peritonitis and its causative lesion was calculated for each type of lesion pathology and organ system. Secondary aims included evaluating the effect of patient characteristics (body weight and species) on sonographic results and whether lesion type or location affected mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most lesions causing septic peritonitis (70.2%) were gastrointestinal in origin and were nonneoplastic ulcerations or perforations (50%). Abdominal ultrasound diagnosed 56.3% of cases of subsequently confirmed septic peritonitis and correctly identified 67% of the causative lesions. Lesions of the gastrointestinal tract and ulcerations/perforations were the most frequent correct sonographic diagnoses and most likely to lead to a correct sonographic diagnosis of septic peritonitis. Lesions located in the hepatobiliary system and lesion types other than neoplasia or ulcerations/perforations were the most frequently missed by abdominal ultrasound.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Abdominal ultrasound often fails to diagnose septic peritonitis or the underlying causative lesion, and its accuracy depends on the affected organ and type of lesion.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142093163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrocardiographic abnormalities are associated with seropositive Trypanosoma cruzi infection status using a simplified cardiac diagnostic evaluation in dogs.","authors":"Kendra A Zelachowski, Stephanie Collins, Marty Henderson, Lisa D Auckland, Sukjung Lim, Nicholas D Jeffery, Sarah A Hamer, Ashley B Saunders","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.05.0328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.05.0328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe associations between cardiac abnormalities and Trypanosoma cruzi serostatus by use of a simplified diagnostic evaluation in dogs at risk for T cruzi infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective, cross-sectional study was performed using a simplified diagnostic evaluation including high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I, 30-second ECG, and echocardiogram with 7 variables in 46 client-owned dogs from high-risk environments. Dogs were categorized as serologically positive (SP), negative (SN), or discordant (SD) by use of 2 antibody tests. Functional evaluation of cardiac health scores and blood PCR were obtained.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dogs were SP (n = 19), SN (17), and SD (10), with 9 PCR positive (7 SP, 1 SN, 1 SD). Troponin was above reference range in 6 of 46 (4 SP, 1 SN, 1 SD), and functional evaluation of cardiac health scores were 0 in all dogs. Conduction system abnormalities (prolonged interval durations, second-degree atrioventricular block, splintered QRS complex) and ventricular arrhythmias were documented in 8 (7 SP, 0 SN, 1 SD). Twenty-six (12 SP, 8 SN, 6 SD) had echocardiographic abnormalities, most often myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) and left ventricular enlargement. Seropositive dogs were significantly older and had a higher likelihood of MMVD. Conduction system abnormalities were associated with positive serostatus.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Echocardiographic abnormalities were complicated by MMVD and did not distinguish between serostatus. An ECG with assessment and detailed measurement of complexes and cardiac troponin I are simple tests to perform with abnormalities detected in seroreactive dogs.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Electrocardiographic abnormalities in high-risk or seroreactive dogs should prompt further evaluation and monitoring of T cruzi infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142093173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}