Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association最新文献

{"title":"American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists Hookworm Task Force review on best practices for diagnosis and treatment of multidrug-resistant hookworms.","authors":"Ray M Kaplan, Pablo D Jimenez Castro, Antoinette E Marsh, Jeba R J Jesudoss Chelladurai, John S Gilleard","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.02.0094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.02.0094","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ancylostoma caninum, the canine hookworm, is the most common and clinically important gastrointestinal nematode parasite infecting dogs in the US. Common clinical signs associated with acute infections include anemia, melena, hematochezia, dehydration, and poor weight gain or weight loss. In the past few years, multiple anthelmintic drug resistance to fenbendazole, moxidectin, and pyrantel pamoate has been documented in A caninum in the US, and cases of drug-resistant canine hookworms are increasingly being reported in the US and Canada. Clinical and genetic evidence strongly suggests that multiple anthelmintic drug-resistant A caninum likely originated on Greyhound breeding farms and kennels. However, the problem is no longer restricted to Greyhounds; several large national studies have shown that drug-resistant A caninum was present in dogs of all sizes, ages, and breeds and at varying but always high prevalence in every region of the continental US. The high prevalence and wide distribution of drug-resistant hookworms present a matter of urgent concern for veterinarians in North America and elsewhere. In response to this concern, the American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists established a Hookworm Task Force in 2021, and this paper is a result of the work of that task force. Here we provide guidance on best practices for diagnosis, treatment, and management of drug-resistant hookworm cases and summarize relevant studies to help veterinarians understand what is known about the biology, prevalence, and epidemiology of these parasites.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bexagliflozin controls hyperinsulinemia in horses with naturally occurring insulin dysregulation: a placebo-controlled crossover trial.","authors":"Caitrin R Lowndes, Daniela Luethy, Georgia Skelton, Jeaneen Kulp, Darko Stefanovski, Andrew W van Eps","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.02.0098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.02.0098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate bexagliflozin for insulin control in horses with naturally occurring insulin dysregulation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study, 10 client-owned Arabian horses with hyperinsulinemia (> 30 μIU/mL) were treated with bexagliflozin (0.03 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h; BEXA03) or placebo control for a 10-day treatment period, crossing over after a 4-day washout. After a further 12-day washout, 8 of the horses were treated with bexagliflozin (0.06 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h; BEXA06) for an additional 7-day treatment period. Oral sugar tests were performed at the beginning of each treatment period (untreated control) and on the final day of each treatment course. Insulin, glucose, triglycerides, and adipokines were compared with mixed-effects linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean resting, maximal (Cmax), and area under the curve (AUC) insulin were lower after BEXA06 (resting, 17.6 μIU/mL [95% CI, 5.3 to 29.9 μIU/mL]; Cmax, 48.4 μIU/mL [95% CI, 24.0 to 72.8 μIU/mL]; AUC, 4,084.0 μIU/mL*min [95% CI, 1,944.4 to 6,223.5 μIU/mL*min]) compared to placebo control (resting, 53.9 μIU/mL [95% CI, 35.0 to 72.7 μIU/mL]; Cmax, 90.9 μIU/mL [95% CI, 65.0 to 116.9 μIU/mL]; AUC, 9,146.3 μIU/mL*min [95% CI, 6,428.9 to 11,863.7 μIU/mL*min]), but not after BEXA03. Mild hypertriglyceridemia was observed in some horses following treatment with BEXA06 (n = 5), but mean resting triglyceride concentrations were not significantly higher for BEXA06 (49 mg/dL; 95% CI, 30 to 67 mg/dL) compared to the untreated control (32 mg/dL; 95% CI, 26 to 38 mg/dL).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Bexagliflozin (0.06 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h) controlled insulin with minimal impact on serum triglycerides in Arabian horses with naturally occurring insulin dysregulation.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Treatment with bexagliflozin was effective for the short-term management of naturally occurring insulin dysregulation in horses.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Honey bee medicine: a lack of knowledge, education, skills, and training identified as the most commonly cited challenge for veterinary medicine practitioners.","authors":"Melinda J Wilkins, Ana R Heck, Juliana Rangel, Amy T Vu, Meghan O Milbrath","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.02.0114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.02.0114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Honey bees (Apis mellifera) are food-producing animals. Veterinarians are necessary to provide appropriate antibiotic treatment for bees and can support beekeepers by learning to diagnose diseases, manage parasites, and provide nutritional and husbandry recommendations similar to other livestock industries. The objective of this study was to identify the challenges faced by veterinarians contemplating the addition of honey bee medicine to their practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this observational, cross-sectional study, the survey was deployed via multiple electronic avenues across the US to veterinarians, veterinary technicians, and veterinary students starting on February 20, 2023. Information from the first 22 months of data collection is included herein. Survey response frequency distributions are presented as counts and percentages and associations between variables as χ2 and P values. On the basis of survey distribution channels, self-selection bias is expected to be present.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nearly 1,400 surveys were included in the analysis. Over half of the respondents indicated moderate to high interest in working with beekeepers. Numerous challenges were identified; the most commonly cited (40.2%) was a lack of knowledge, education, skills, and training. The challenges identified did not vary by type of practice, but did vary significantly by interest level.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While interest levels are high, many barriers to accepting beekeeping clients have been identified.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>As a livestock species upon which we are highly dependent for food production, honey bees are suffering from an unacceptable mortality rate. There is both a need and opportunity for veterinarians to engage in this important and emerging area of practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survival and fertility of Thoroughbred broodmares with uterine tears treated surgically: 76 cases (2000-2023).","authors":"Cassidy Nugent, Rolf Embertson, Kristen McQuerry, J Brett Woodie, Scott Hopper","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.01.0050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.01.0050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the clinical presentation, treatment, short- and long-term outcomes, and subsequent fertility of Thoroughbred broodmares undergoing surgical repair of periparturient uterine tears.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective observational study was conducted with medical records from a single tertiary referral equine hospital (2000 to 2023). Thoroughbred broodmares with confirmed periparturient uterine tears that underwent surgical repair were included; mares euthanized prior to surgery or intraoperatively or that had incomplete medical records were excluded. Data collected included signalment, clinical and clinicopathologic findings at presentation, surgical management, postoperative complications, survival to hospital discharge, long-term survival (> 1 year), and reproductive outcomes. Fertility data were obtained from The Jockey Club Information System via mare produce records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Uterine tears were confirmed and surgically repaired in all broodmares. Short-term survival to discharge was 66 of 76 (86.8%). Long-term outcome data were available for 64 of 66 mares that survived to discharge and 60 of 74 (81%) that survived > 1 year. Of 31 broodmares that were rebred during the same year as the uterine tear, 27 (87%) conceived and 23 (74%) produced a live foal the following year.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Surgically repaired periparturient uterine tears in Thoroughbred broodmares were associated with high short- and long-term survival. Among mares selected for breeding, reproductive outcomes were favorable.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Prompt surgical repair of periparturient uterine tears can result in favorable survival and preservation of future fertility in Thoroughbred broodmares.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147856352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lorazepam reduces recurrence of urethral obstruction in male cats: a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study.","authors":"Alexa Splittstoesser, Jessica Kerley, Jody Lulich, Aaron Randall, Kelly Tart","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.01.0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.01.0045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the efficacy of lorazepam in reducing the rate of recurrence in first-time feline urethral obstruction (UO) and frequency of lower urinary tract (LUT) signs following hospitalization, as well as adverse effects of the medication.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study of 80 client-owned male cats presenting to a university teaching hospital with UO between 2021 and 2025. Cats with urolithiasis or urinary tract infection were excluded. Cats received lorazepam or placebo for 1 month after hospitalization for UO.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>41 cats received lorazepam and 39 cats received placebo. Sixty-four cats completed the study. Five of 64 cats experienced recurrence of UO, all receiving placebo. No cats receiving lorazepam had UO recurrence (0%; 95% CI, 0.0% to 10.9%) compared to the placebo group (15.7%; 95% CI, 5.2% to 33.7%); this was statistically significant. There was a statistically significant reduction in LUT signs for 2 of 33 cats during days 8 to 15 (95% CI, 0.7% to 20.2%) and 1 of 31 cats during days 16 to 30 (95% CI, 0.1% to 16.7%) for the lorazepam group. Ataxia was the only statistically significant side effect of lorazepam, occurring in 4 of 31 cats (13%); other reported effects included sedation, increased appetite, and vocalization.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lorazepam administration was associated with a reduction in the recurrence of UO in this study population, as well as reduced LUT signs compared to cats receiving placebo. Lorazepam administration was found to be safe.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Lorazepam may be used safely in the reduction of both recurrent UO and LUT signs following alleviation of UO in male cats.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute renal failure in a 4-year-old Angus-cross cow.","authors":"Mohamed R Mousa, Asmaa K Al-Mokaddem, Carlos E B Lopes, Miguel Saucedo-Gonzalez, Dane W Schwartz, Ji-Hang Yin","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.02.0125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.02.0125","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small animal veterinarians identify proactive, specific, and multimodal communication as helpful in supporting nutrition conversations with clients.","authors":"Janice S O'Brien, Sophie G Wenzel, Laura L Hungerford, Dollie Gravley, Jason B Coe, Megan L Shepherd","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.01.0077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.01.0077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To quantitatively assess veterinarian perceptions of barriers and solutions to pet nutrition communication during small animal appointments in the US and Canada.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An anonymous online survey was circulated by the Veterinary Information Network to its members between March 28 and April 13, 2022. Respondents included veterinarians in active practice. The survey included fixed-choice and free-text response items. Fixed-choice items were tabulated with R software. Free-text items were coded thematically with Atlas.ti software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 561 survey respondents, the top 3 barriers identified were pet owner preconceived notions about nutrition (86% [483 of 561]), insufficient time (63% [352 of 561]), and pet owner resistance to discussing nutrition (41% [230 of 561]). The top 3 solutions identified were showing/talking to owners about what veterinary professionals feed their pets (59% [332 of 561]), having direct yet compassionate conversations with owners (58% [327 of 561]), and specific nutrition recommendations (49% [274 of 561]). Free-text responses clarified nuances within each potential solution, such as the importance of establishing veterinary-owner trust first and not being too technical with specific recommendations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Small animal veterinarians reported that pet owner preconceived notions about nutrition were the most common reported barrier to nutrition communication. What veterinary professionals feed their pets, direct yet compassionate conversations, and specific nutrition recommendations were reported as potential solutions, with the caveat that veterinary-owner trust was important to establish first.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Building trust with pet owners, being proactive with direct yet compassionate nutrition conversations, and including specific nutrition recommendations may be helpful in breaking down barriers to nutrition communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Survey of United States-based veterinarians reveals knowledge gaps in coccidioidomycosis and guides future One Health-based educational initiatives.","authors":"Shahleen Z Ahmed, Jane E Sykes, Carine Laporte, Rebecca Mount, Anthea Schick, Kathy C Tater, Mark Rishniw","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.11.0739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.11.0739","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Coccidioidomycosis, or Valley fever, is a climate-driven fungal disease. Dogs are valuable sentinels for human disease. We sought to evaluate veterinarian-reported clinical encounters with coccidioidomycosis in dogs and the relative awareness of coccidioidomycosis by veterinarians in endemic versus nonendemic states.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Survey responses were solicited from 45,240 veterinarians subscribing to the Veterinary Information Network in June/July 2024. For US-based veterinarians, data were gathered on the number of coccidioidomycosis cases evaluated, recall of education on coccidioidomycosis, and respondent knowledge of diagnostic tests, epidemiology, causative agents, and human exposure. Knowledge responses were averaged to yield an awareness score. Reported case data and continuing education hours were normalized with publicly available population data. For a subset of cases reported from nonendemic states, medical records were reviewed for travel history.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Responses were received from 640 veterinarians (365 endemic, 275 nonendemic [response rate, 1.4%]). Median case encounters reported per 100,000 households was 230-fold higher for veterinarians working in endemic states compared to those in nonendemic states. Median awareness scores were low (≤ 50%) in both groups. Most education occurred during veterinary school. There was no difference in practitioner-reported median continuing education hours for endemic versus nonendemic states. All cases for which medical records were reviewed had travel history to endemic regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Awareness of coccidioidomycosis amongst veterinarians using the Veterinary Information Network was low, especially among nonendemic states.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Educational and reporting initiatives are needed to improve disease awareness and recognition by veterinarians, with implications for early recognition of human disease in nonendemic regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generalized ataxia in a 6-year-old Goldendoodle.","authors":"Tayla A Regenbaum, Christine M Senneca, Amanda R Taylor, Latasha Ludwig","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.11.0770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.11.0770","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ataxia, vomiting, and inappetence in a 13-year-old spayed female Whippet.","authors":"Jack A Ciccotosto, Claire R Sharp, Nerissa Stander, Flaminia Coiacetto","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.02.0096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.02.0096","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147837922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}