Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association最新文献

{"title":"Marked lymphadenomegaly in a 4-month-old Yorkshire gilt.","authors":"Ahmadreza Mirzaei, Ian Hawkins, Nicole Glenn, Brittany N Diehl","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.11.0733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.11.0733","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility testing reporting style and education to support clinical decision-making in small animal medicine.","authors":"Dubraska Diaz-Campos, Christy A King, Joany C van Balen, Dimitria Mathys, Emily Janovyak, Thomas Wittum","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.01.0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.01.0045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The increasing threat of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) organisms highlights the need for effective antimicrobial stewardship in veterinary medicine. This study evaluated how veterinarians treating companion animals utilize antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) reports and antimicrobial use guidelines and their impact on antimicrobial selection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An online survey was distributed to veterinarians across the US, collecting data on demographics, clinical case management, AST report preferences, and perceptions of AMR, diagnostic stewardship, and antimicrobial stewardship.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 216 veterinarians participated. Results indicated a preference (83% to 89%) for AST reports with interpretative comments on antimicrobial selection and dosing. Most respondents (55% to 62%) preferred selective reporting over cascade reporting (25% to 30%). Clinical cases revealed the frequent selection of systemic antimicrobial therapy, with many respondents indicating the need for therapeutic consultation. Two identical cases with different AST report styles (full vs cascade) showed a 26% increase in good antimicrobial stewardship with the cascade report. Gaps in knowledge regarding AST principles were identified, with many respondents misunderstanding the establishment of breakpoints, AST and topical therapy, and the interpretation of MICs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that while veterinarians prefer full or selective AST reports, their antimicrobial choices align more closely with guidelines when cascade reports are used. This indicates that the AST report style may influence the antimicrobial stewardship practices of veterinarians and warrants further investigation.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This study demonstrates the need for improved AST reporting and education on AST interpretation and antimicrobial selection to support antimicrobial stewardship in veterinary medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The 4 prokinetic drugs metoclopramide, cisapride, pyridostigmine, and capromorelin do not increase fecal output or food intake in healthy New Zealand rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).","authors":"Nicola Di Girolamo, Rachel Erin Maranville, Debosree Pathak, William Womble, Andrew Hanzlicek, Lara Sypniewski, João Brandão","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.01.0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.01.0040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the effects of drugs with potential prokinetic effect through different mechanisms of action (metoclopramide, cisapride, pyridostigmine, and capromorelin) on food consumption, fecal production, water intake, and urine output in rabbits.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a randomized, blinded, complete crossover control trial, 10 healthy New Zealand white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) received 5 treatments over a period of 10 weeks between May and August 2019. Fecal production (weight and number of pellets), food intake, urine production, and water intake were measured before and for 72 hours following administration of a single dose of oral metoclopramide (0.5 mg/kg), cisapride (0.5 mg/kg), pyridostigmine (1 mg/kg), and capromorelin (3 mg/kg). Linear mixed models were built to evaluate association between treatments, time, and their interaction with the outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Every day, rabbits produced a median of 75 g (range, 9 to 145 g) of feces, 226 fecal pellets (range, 12 to 412 pellets), and 151 mL (range, 5 to 420 mL) of urine. Rabbits consumed 128 g (range, 24 to 181 g) of food and drank 248 mL (range, 11 to 523 mL) of water. Metoclopramide, cisapride, pyridostigmine, and capromorelin had no effect on fecal production (both weight and number of pellets), food intake, urine production, or water intake compared to placebo at 24, 48, or 72 hours after administration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>None of the drugs tested in this study resulted in significant changes in fecal production, food intake, urine production, or water intake.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The administration of prokinetic drugs at doses currently suggested in formularies does not result in clinical changes in healthy rabbits.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outpatient gastrointestinal foreign body surgeries performed in a nonspecialized setting have good outcomes for dogs and cats.","authors":"Arik Smith, Dylan Whitaker, Delaney McGrath, Sylvia M Lesnikowski, Margaret R Slater","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.02.0067","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.25.02.0067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the survival rate and prognostic indicators for outpatient gastrointestinal foreign body (GIFB) surgeries performed on dogs and cats in a nonspecialized setting focused on the spectrum of care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Electronic medical records were searched for dogs and cats undergoing GIFB surgery from July 13, 2022, to August 28, 2023. Variables of interest were compared across 3 groups: patients euthanized intraoperatively and those that survived ≥ 2 weeks postoperatively (survivors) or died < 2 weeks postoperatively (nonsurvivors). For patients without a postoperative recheck, a phone survey was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>102 dogs and 40 cats received GIFB surgery. The 2-week survival rate for dogs was 95% (80/84), not including 11 euthanized intraoperatively and 7 lost to follow-up. The 2-week survival rate for cats was 91% (29/32), not including 2 euthanized intraoperatively and 6 lost to follow-up. Higher preoperative albumin, creatinine, and BUN or intestinal perforations identified intraoperatively were associated with decreased survival in dogs. Perforations were associated with intraoperative euthanasia in cats, but other parameters did not differ significantly. Of 20 respondents surveyed regarding outpatient recovery, reported issues included anorexia (5/20) and diarrhea (2/20), none of which required additional care. Only 2/20 felt burdened by outpatient care, and all reported that they would have the outpatient procedure performed again if needed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In a nonspecialized setting, the survival rate was high for outpatient GIFB surgeries and comparable to reported inpatient survival.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>General practices should consider offering these outpatient surgeries as part of the spectrum of care.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collaboration between clinicians and laboratory diagnosticians can improve outcomes for patients with coagulation disorders.","authors":"Megan McKown, Marjory Brooks, Robert Goggs","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.11.0746","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.24.11.0746","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diagnosing coagulation disorders can be challenging in primary care practice due to the complexity of coagulation pathways, confusing terminology, and special requirements for sample collection. This article highlights common problems identified in sample submissions for coagulation testing and provides solutions to help clinicians overcome these obstacles. Blood collection procedures for optimal sample quality are described, and diagnostic algorithms are presented that can guide test selection and facilitate the interpretation of test results for successful patient management.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic resistance in equine dermatology: what should we do?","authors":"Rosanna Marsella","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.11.0732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.11.0732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibiotic resistance is a growing concern worldwide and across species. This is especially important in horses with skin infections, as many of them are infected with Staphylococcus aureus, which can also colonize people. An increasing body of literature has documented colonization of horses with methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) and transmission of MRSA between horses and veterinarians and vice versa. Colonization with MRSA does not always result in disease but has a potential impact on other horses, owners, handlers, and especially veterinarians. The WHO has published criteria to determine which antibiotics are critically important for people and ranked their level of priority. Increased pressure has been placed on the veterinary profession to limit antibiotic use to minimize selection for resistance, which can have an impact on human health. Horses have few approved antibiotics, and some of the injectables are third-generation cephalosporins, which belong to the critically important category. Due to the potential risk of transmission of resistant bacteria between horses and people, it is critical for veterinarians to change the approach toward antibiotics use and practice responsible antibiotic stewardship. To minimize antibiotic resistance, we should try to prevent infections in the first place by addressing the underlying disease. Once skin infections are present, it is important to use appropriate topical antimicrobial therapy, minimize the use of systemic antibiotics, practice proper hygiene, and educate owners about long-term management.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastroduodenal ulceration and erosion occurs in dogs with intrahepatic portosystemic shunts prior to and following percutaneous transvenous coil embolization.","authors":"Julia M Pascarella, Erin A Gibson, Mark P Rondeau, Dana L Clarke, Darko Stefanovski, William T N Culp, Chris Thomson, Siobhan Rickert, Valery Scharf, Jourdan McPhetridge, Cassie N Lux, Brian A Scansen, Brianna M Potter, Brigitte A Brisson","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.11.0744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.11.0744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the syndrome of suspected gastroduodenal ulceration/erosion (GUE) in dogs with intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (IHPSS) before and after percutaneous transvenous coil embolization (PTCE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a multi-institutional, retrospective case series, medical records from 7 specialty hospitals were reviewed to identify dogs with IHPSS diagnosed with suspected GUE prior to or following PTCE from July 31, 2013, to August 1, 2023. Eleven client-owned dogs were divided into 2 groups based on ulcer grade as determined by the Veterinary Cooperative Oncology Group-Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events guidelines for gastric ulceration. Factors were evaluated for association with GUE severity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the time of GUE diagnosis, the median age and weight of dogs were 20 months (range, 2 to 48 months) and 20.9 kg (range, 6.6 to 36.5 kg). Five and 6 dogs were diagnosed with suspected GUE before and after PTCE, respectively. High- and low-grade suspected GUEs were diagnosed in 6 and 5 dogs, respectively. Common clinical signs included vomiting with or without hematemesis (n = 8), lethargy (7), and inappetence (6). Dogs were receiving omeprazole (n = 2) and a steroid (1) or NSAID (5) at the time of suspected GUE diagnosis. No dogs receiving an NSAID were concurrently being treated with omeprazole. No factors evaluated were significantly associated with increased severity of suspected GUE.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dogs with IHPSS experience GUE despite prophylactic medical management and treatment via PTCE.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Cautious use of medications associated with GUE should be considered in dogs with IHPSS. The pathophysiology of GUE in dogs with IHPSS remains incompletely understood.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collecting equine whole blood in glass tubes does not decrease adrenocorticotropic hormone concentration compared to plastic tubes.","authors":"Emma D Stapley, François-René Bertin","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.02.0122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.02.0122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction is diagnosed using immunoreactive ACTH concentrations. Glass reportedly binds ACTH, but the clinical relevance of using glass blood tubes for measuring equine ACTH concentrations is controversial. This study investigates whether the collection of whole blood into glass EDTA tubes and storage for up to 6 hours changes ACTH concentrations compared to plastic EDTA tubes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cohort study. Whole blood was collected into both glass and plastic EDTA tubes from 9 horses > 12 years of age, including 4 with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction and 5 controls. Samples were centrifuged immediately or stored in the collection tube at 4 °C for 2, 4, or 6 hours before centrifugation. Plasma was separated into cryovials, and immunoreactive ACTH was immediately measured on a chemiluminescent assay. Data were analyzed using a 2-way repeated-measures ANOVA with P < .05 considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Neither tube type nor storage time had a significant effect on plasma immunoreactive ACTH concentration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>When stored at 4 °C as whole blood on glass for up to 6 hours, equine immunoreactive ACTH concentrations do not significantly differ from collection and storage on plastic.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Both glass and plastic EDTA tubes can be used for collection and same-day analysis of immunoreactive ACTH concentrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Copper and manganese levels are associated with infectious abortions, stillbirths, and early neonatal deaths in upper Midwest beef cattle herds.","authors":"Heather Mitchell, Heidi L Pecoraro, Brett T Webb, Bong-Jin Choi, Chamari Idamawatta, Michelle S Mostrom, Quynn P Steichen, Karl Hoppe","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.12.0801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.12.0801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the incidence of select mineral and vitamin deficiencies in beef cattle abortions, stillbirths, and neonates less than 24 hours old and to evaluate whether nutrient deficiencies are associated with causes of abortion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study of abortion cases from laboratory-performed necropsies and field-collected tissues submitted to the North Dakota State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory over a 5-year period was conducted. Abortion investigations included gross and microscopic examinations, bacterial and fungal cultures, PCR assays, and quantitative analysis of the liver for copper, manganese, zinc, iron, selenium, cobalt, vitamin A, and vitamin E. Fisher exact tests, χ2 tests, and logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate associations between minerals and vitamins and causes of abortion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 251 animals, 34% of abortion cases were attributable to a known cause. All but 4 animals were late gestational or full term. There was no sex predilection. When evaluated independently, minerals and vitamins were not associated with whether the cause of abortion was known. However, using logistic regression with mineral concentration (wet weight), there was an increased risk of infectious abortion with lower levels of fetal liver copper and higher levels of fetal liver manganese.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Copper and manganese levels are associated with infectious abortions, stillbirths, and neonatal deaths within 24 hours of birth in upper Midwest beef cattle herds. Incorporating liver trace mineral analysis into abortion investigations is crucial for a comprehensive diagnostic strategy.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Practitioners should consider the impact of mineral status when evaluating the cause of abortion in beef cattle.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small ruminant reproductive loss investigation: a retrospective analysis and recommendations for optimizing diagnostic outcomes.","authors":"Alyona Michael, Jenna Bayne, Chris Siepker, Marcelo Almeida","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.12.0806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.12.0806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We present a retrospective evaluation of small ruminant reproductive loss investigations performed at the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (ISUVDL) with comprehensive characterization of submission components, etiologies of reproductive losses, and assessment of factors contributing to diagnostic success.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 354 small ruminant abortion submissions received at ISUVDL between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2023, were evaluated for history completeness, sample inventory, gross and histologic lesions, culture yield, and molecular testing results. Univariate logistic regression models were employed to assess associations between achieving a definitive diagnosis and specific submission variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A definitive etiology for pregnancy wastage was achieved in 50.3% of caprine and 64.6% of ovine submissions. Bacterial abortions represented the largest etiologic category, with Campylobacter jejuni accounting for the greatest share of bacterial infections (36.2% of bacterial abortions and 10.7% of all cases). Toxoplasma gondii was the single most frequently diagnosed abortifacient agent (15%), while fungal and viral abortions were rare (< 2%). Sampling and diagnostic completeness, with the inclusion of both fetus and placenta (OR, 2.61), and performance of histopathology, culture, and molecular screening in tandem (OR, 2.03) were found to have the greatest positive impact on diagnostic outcomes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Diagnostic outcomes are optimized by complete sampling and testing, with priority placed on comprehensive molecular screening for pathogens that are highly significant for herd health.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This retrospective provides an in-depth summary of small ruminant abortion case data from submissions received at ISUVDL and makes recommendations for improving diagnostic outcomes in reproductive loss investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}