Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association最新文献

{"title":"Short-term bactericidal properties differ between 2 alcohol-based surgical antiseptic products using the glove-juice technique.","authors":"Katrijn D Whisenant, Holly L Stewart, Donna Kelly, Denise Barnhart, Valerie Rossney, Dean W Richardson, David Levine","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.02.0093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.02.0093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of 2 alcohol-based hand preparations (61% weight/weight ethanol and 1% chlorhexidine gluconate [Avagard; 3M] and 85% weight/weight ethanol [Sterillium; BODE Chemie GmbH]) in reducing bacterial colony count with the glove-juice method. We hypothesized that there would be no difference between hand preparations immediately following or 1 hour after application.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective clinical trial was performed with sampling on August 3, 2023. Preliminary CFUs were obtained from both hands of 8 participants via glove-juice sampling from sterile gloves. Participants washed their hands with a neutral soap before the application of any antiseptics. Avagard was applied to the right hand and Sterillium was applied to the left hand by sterile assistants according to the manufacturer's guidelines. Glove-juice samples were taken immediately after application and 1 hour after application. Samples were cultured and evaluated within 48 hours of plating. Log10-reduction CFUs were compared between antiseptics and across time points.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results were based on 7 participants due to a missing time point. Both Sterillium and Avagard showed a reduction in CFUs immediately after application. For Avagard, there was a sustained reduction in CFUs at 1 hour after application.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both hand preparations were effective antiseptics immediately following application. Avagard was effective at reducing bacterial CFUs 1 hour after application.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Unless for reapplication, only Avagard should be considered if surgery is expected to be longer than 1 hour or reapplication of Sterillium is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voided urine collection for urine culture in female dogs with lower urinary tract signs is not a substitute for cystocentesis.","authors":"Lynn Little, Audrey Ruple, Benjamin Olson, Sarah Ml Steinbach, Lynn Guptill","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.03.0198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.03.0198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate whether culture of urine collected by clean midstream voiding had acceptable agreement with culture of urine collected by cystocentesis or cystoscopy in female dogs with lower urinary tract signs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Female, client-owned dogs with lower urinary tract signs (n = 53) were enrolled in a prospective study between December 15, 2010, and August 1, 2019. Three urine samples were collected and submitted for culture within 24 hours: a standard voided sample, clean voided sample following cleansing with chlorhexidine, and a cystocentesis or cystoscopy sample.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>One or more cultures were positive for bacterial growth in 37 of 53 patients (70%). Agreement between the number of isolates grown on both voided samples (standard voided and clean voided) was substantial (κ = 0.69), but only fair between both voided samples and the cystocentesis/cystoscopy sample (clean voided and cystocentesis/cystoscopy, κ = 0.40; standard voided and cystocentesis/cystoscopy, κ = 0.34). With a cutoff of ≥ 105 CFU/mL, with cystocentesis/cystoscopy serving as the gold standard for bacteriuria, standard voided urine culture sensitivity was 75% (specificity, 88%; positive predictive value, 71%; negative predictive value, 90%) and clean voided urine culture sensitivity was 64% (specificity, 97%; positive predictive value, 90%; negative predictive value, 86%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While vulvar cleansing subjectively reduced contamination, no statistical difference was found between midstream samples obtained before (standard voided) or after (clean voided) vulvar cleansing. Neither voided sample had substantial agreement with the cystocentesis/cystoscopy sample, even when quantitative interpretive cutoffs were applied.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Cystocentesis should remain the gold standard collection method for urine culture in female dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of ororuminal forced feeding of oral electrolytes or milk replacer combined with intravenous fluids on blood metabolites and mortality in dehydrated surplus calves.","authors":"Agata Skarbek, Caitlin Fitzpatrick, Darien Wilson, Martha Gorbachuck, Hannah Thom, E Behling-Kelly, F A Leal Yepes","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.11.0700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.11.0700","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We hypothesized that dehydrated calves treated with IV fluids containing 14 g of sodium bicarbonate, combined with oral electrolytes, would reduce mortality and improve recovery of anion gap compared to calves treated with IV fluids containing 14 g of sodium bicarbonate only or IV fluids with 14 g of sodium bicarbonate combined with milk replacer feeding.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a randomized control study, dairy and beef-on-dairy cross calves (n = 460) were enrolled into the following groups at diagnosis of dehydration: sick controls treated with IV fluids only (Con-IV), calves treated with IV fluids plus oral force-fed electrolytes (ELE), calves treated with IV fluids plus oral force-fed milk replacer (MILK), and healthy controls (Con-Health). Mortality and IV fluid treatment counts were analyzed. Blood metabolites and fecal dry matter were measured (n = 80).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mortality for each group was as follows: Con-Health, 5.31% (95% CI, 2.4% to 11.3%); Con-IV, 13.91% (95% CI, 8.6% to 21.5%); ELE, 10.43% (95% CI, 6.0% to 17.5%); and MILK, 11.3% (95% CI, 6.6% to 18.5%). Bicarbonate concentrations in the Con-IV group returned to normal levels 1 hour after treatment. Anion gap in MILK calves was the highest after treatment. The relative risk of additional IV treatments for dehydration was 1.5 (95% CI, 1.2 to 1.8), 1.3 (95% CI, 1.1 to 1.6), and 2.1 (95% CI, 1.8 to 2.4) for the Con-IV, ELE, and MILK groups, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>IV fluid with 14 g of sodium bicarbonate alone or combined with oral electrolytes was the most effective treatment for changes in acid-base balance in dehydrated bovine neonates in this study.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>IV therapy with sodium bicarbonate may practically rehydrate diarrheic calves in the field and correct acid-base balance. The use of forced feeding of ororuminal milk may not be beneficial for dehydrated and diarrheic calves.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Needle thoracoscopy utilized for thoracic evaluation in a cat with suspected pulmonary metastasis.","authors":"Lydia Liu, Nicole J Buote, Jaime Kass, Kristen Jones, Amy Todd-Donato, Kelly Hume","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.03.0183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.03.0183","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sampling size methodologies used in pig welfare audits underestimate animal-based measures: a preliminary exploration.","authors":"Victoria R Merenda, Rubia M Tomacheuski, Pedro H E Trindade, Gustavo Machado, Christian Fleming, Anna K Johnson, Mallory Y Strickland, Cassandra Jass, Monique D Pairis-Garcia","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.11.0741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.11.0741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this observational study was to compare and contrast the occurrences of animal-based measures evaluated in the Common Swine Industry Audit (CSIA) with the use of 2 sampling methods (total farm inventory [TOTAL] vs the CSIA sampling method).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Approximately 240,000 pigs were evaluated across 60 farms between October 2022 and July 2023. A map was created for each farm to identify individual pig location by pen/stall, room, and barn. Ten animal-based measures were assessed per pig, and the total occurrence of each measure was calculated (TOTAL). Utilizing farm maps and the same dataset, the CSIA sampling method was calculated to randomly assess a previously designated sample number of pigs per farm by location. The CSIA occurrences were then compared to TOTAL occurrences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sow: occurrences of a body condition score of 1, severe lameness (non-weight-bearing), abscesses, open wounds, severe scratches (> 25% of the body), prolapses, vulva lesions, and shoulder sores were less for the CSIA method compared to TOTAL. Nursery: occurrences of severe lameness, abscesses, open wounds, and hernias were less for the CSIA method compared to TOTAL. Finishers: occurrences of severe lameness, abscesses, open wounds, tail bites, prolapses, and vulva lesions were less for the CSIA method compared to TOTAL.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that the sampling method currently used in the CSIA tool does not necessarily accurately estimate the occurrence of animal-based measures at the farm level.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Future work on swine farms should explore alternative sampling methods that more closely represent welfare conditions to that of the total farm inventory.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of dehiscence and erythema in tibial plateau leveling osteotomy incisions closed with barbed, bidirectional monoderm suture is equal to external nylon sutures.","authors":"Colleen E Mans, Michael C Pawenski, Lauren E Deahl, Steven W Frederick","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.08.0530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.08.0530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare the efficacy and complication rate of nylon suture in an interrupted cruciate pattern versus barbed knotless monoderm suture for closure of tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) incisions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>183 client-owned dogs (189 incisions) underwent TPLO surgery for cranial cruciate ligament rupture between September 2022 and July 2023. A prospective clinical trial compared TPLO incision closure with the use of external nylon sutures (n = 89) and intradermal, barbed monoderm suture (100). Incisions were monitored over an 8-week recovery period for evidence of complications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Univariable analysis identified that the rate of dehiscence at 2 weeks postoperatively in the nylon group was 22% (95% CI, 15% to 32%) compared to 11% (95% CI, 6% to 19%) in the barbed suture group. The risk of dehiscence at 2 weeks postoperatively was 2.0 times (relative risk 95% CI, 1.0 to 4.0) greater when nylon was used compared to barbed suture. Incisions closed with barbed suture had less erythema. There was no difference in the odds of dehiscence between groups when analyses were adjusted for surgeon (OR 95% CI, 0.3 to 2.7). The proximal third of the incision was the most likely location for dehiscence to occur in TPLO incisions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Barbed bidirectional suture can be used to close TPLO incisions with a similar dehiscence rate compared to nylon.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Barbed suture for closure of TPLO incisions is acceptable and comparable to external nylon sutures. Extra care should be taken when suturing the most proximal aspect of TPLO incisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gonadectomy status and age are associated with variable risk of overweight or obese outcomes in 15 dog breeds: a retrospective cohort study using data from primary care veterinary clinics.","authors":"Valerie A Benka, John M Sahrmann, Katherine Rieke, Joyce R Briggs, Nathaniel Spofford, Stephen Zawistowski, Audrey Ruple, Stefano Romagnoli, Jo Ann Morrison","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.12.0834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.12.0834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine rates of overweight or obese (OvOb) body condition score, including the association between OvOb and gonadectomy, in 15 dog breeds.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The analysis considered the 5 most recorded large breeds (26,369 dogs) and 10 most recorded toy/small breeds (90,002 dogs) in Banfield Pet Hospital's database from 2013 to 2019. Cox proportional hazards models evaluated associations between OvOb and gonadectomy status, gonadectomy age, sex, and primary breed. Models estimated OvOb rates in gonadectomized versus intact dogs of each breed and, separately, OvOb rates according to gonadectomy age.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was substantial breed variation in underlying (intact dog) OvOb rates among the 15 breeds. Pugs, Golden Retrievers, and Labrador Retrievers had highest underlying susceptibility to OvOb outcomes. There was some variation in relative OvOb rates among breeds, but breeds differing substantially from size group peers were limited. Among all toy/small breeds, gonadectomy at 3 or 6 months had hazard ratios (relative risks) lower than, or not statistically different from, gonadectomy at 1 year or older. For large dogs, OvOb outcomes associated with prepubertal gonadectomy varied by breed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Underlying susceptibility to OvOb varies by breed. Gonadectomy offers significant benefits at individual and population levels. As with many veterinary care decisions, however, there is complexity, and associated OvOb risks are not uniform across breeds.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Results may facilitate more individualized recommendations for gonadectomy timing and proactive strategies (specifically diet and exercise) to mitigate risk of OvOb outcomes, while accounting for the broader context of individual dog and population-level benefits of gonadectomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic laboratory medicine-from sampling to test interpretation.","authors":"Kelli Maddock","doi":"10.2460/javma.263.s1.s4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.263.s1.s4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":"263 S1","pages":"S4-S5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dorsolateral approach to hip and pelvis ultrasound in dogs.","authors":"Amy B Todd-Donato, Ursula Krotscheck","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.03.0169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.03.0169","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To provide a video tutorial demonstrating ultrasound of the canine hip and pelvis for identifying hip luxation and other pelvic injury.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Dogs presenting with acute pelvic limb lameness referable to the hip region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The hip and abaxial portions of the pelvis are visualized in short-axis orientation by placement of a linear (5- to 14-MHz) or microconvex (4- to 10-MHz) ultrasound probe on the dorsolateral aspect of the pelvis in medial-lateral orientation. Clipping the haircoat and applying ultrasound gel allows for best visualization, though application of 70% isopropyl alcohol without clipping allows acceptable imaging of osseous structures in most dogs. Starting at the cranial extent of the iliac wing, the pelvis is imaged from cranial to caudal. Osseous structures are identified by their contours and acoustic shadowing. The normal hip joint is recognized by articulation of the rounded femoral head with the triangularly shaped contour of the acetabulum.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hip luxation is identified by displacement of the femoral head cranially or caudally to the acetabulum with either dorsal positioning of the femoral head or ventral positioning of the greater trochanter relative to adjacent pelvic bones. Fractures are detected through the presence of steplike defects in the osseous contours.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Ultrasound of the pelvis and hip region in dogs allows for timely identification of hip luxation or pelvic fractures without sedation. This technique can be utilized in emergency, ambulatory, or remote care settings to help categorize injury for facilitating client discussions regarding additional imaging recommendations, treatment recommendations, and associated medical care costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac arrhythmias in a canine patient following subacute iron toxicosis.","authors":"Matthew N Lamare, Kevin Kirchofer","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.01.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.01.0030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}