Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association最新文献

{"title":"Emergency administration of ephedrine for general anesthesia-induced hypotension requires preemptive atropine in dogs but not cats.","authors":"Daichi Seki, Seijirow Goya, Kenji Teshima, Yoshiki Yamaya","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.01.0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.01.0038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effects of IV ephedrine on heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in anesthetized hypotensive dogs and cats and whether the presence or absence of preemptive atropine could influence these effects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center retrospective study collected the data of dogs and cats that received an initial single IV bolus of ephedrine during anesthesia. The cases were analyzed based on the species, presence or absence of preanesthetic atropine administration, and dose of ephedrine. Mean arterial pressure and HR before and after ephedrine administration; response rate to ephedrine (RRE), defined as the probability of MAP > 70 mm Hg after IV ephedrine administration, with/without atropine; and factors contributing to RRE were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,679 dogs and cats were analyzed. In dogs, IV ephedrine decreased the HR, but preanesthetic atropine prevented this decrease and increased the RRE. In cats, IV ephedrine did not decrease the HR and the RRE did not change significantly, regardless of preanesthetic atropine administration. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the significant factors contributing to RRE were MAP before ephedrine administration and atropine premedication in dogs and MAP before ephedrine administration in cats.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In anesthetized dogs, preemptive atropine enhanced the blood pressure-increasing effect of ephedrine by preventing decreases in HR. In anesthetized cats, IV ephedrine with/without atropine increased MAP without decrease in HR.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>When IV ephedrine is used for treating hypotension during anesthesia, preemptive atropine is recommended in dogs but has less clinical significance in cats.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Placement of a radiopaque polyurethane esophagostomy tube in a yellow-footed tortoise (Chelonoidis denticulatus) using MILA's tunneler device.","authors":"Zachary Padilla, Sarah Marvel, Amanda Day, Clara Goh, Miranda J Sadar","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.03.0171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.03.0171","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe placement of a radiopaque polyurethane esophagostomy tube in a tortoise using MILA's tunneler device.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>A 20-year-old 4.235-kg spayed female yellow-footed tortoise (Chelonoidis denticulatus) was presented for egg coelomitis and feeding tube placement.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A polyurethane esophagostomy tube (18 French; MILA International Inc) was advanced orally into the stomach. The small end of a tunneler device (MILA International Inc) was placed into the oral cavity and advanced into the midcervical esophagus. The tube exiting the mouth was attached to the opposite end of the tunneler. An incision was made into the left lateral cervical skin and underlying esophagus, allowing the tunneler and tube to be pulled through the incision until the tube was lying linearly. Radiographs confirmed appropriate placement, and the tube was sutured in place and flushed with water to ensure patency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The esophagostomy tube was successfully placed and utilized to provide nutrition for 42 days following treatment.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Benefits of the MILA esophagostomy tube system in chelonians include the use of polyurethane tubes and the tunneler device. MILA's polyurethane tubes are preferred because of their radiopaque stripe, large luminal diameter, increased flexibility, and long-term biocompatibility, decreasing the risk of placement errors and esophageal injury. The increased length and small diameter of the tunneler device (compared to a Carmalt) allow for ease of placement with chelonian anatomy. These qualities may mitigate commonly observed risks to chelonians such as displacement and obstruction of esophagostomy tubes, gastrointestinal perforation, hemorrhage, and tube site infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jejunal and medial iliac lymph nodes are frequently thinned and hyperechoic in neutered dogs with spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism.","authors":"Maxime Frouin, Laurent Blond, Franck Jolivet, Clément Baudin-Tréhiou","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.03.0142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.03.0142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the prevalence of thinned and hyperechoic jejunal and medial iliac lymph nodes in neutered dogs with spontaneous hyperadrenocorticism (sHAC) compared to clinically healthy neutered dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study was conducted at a veterinary hospital (May 2023 to January 2025). Neutered dogs diagnosed with sHAC (Cushing group) and healthy neutered dogs (normal group) were enrolled. Diagnosis of sHAC was based on recommendations from the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine and the inclusion criteria. Abdominal ultrasound examinations assessed lymph node thickness and echogenicity. Statistical analyses, including subgroup evaluations by weight, were conducted to compare findings between groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 28 neutered dogs with sHAC and 30 healthy neutered dogs. Median lymph node thickness was significantly lower in the Cushing group across all weight subgroups. Overall, 93% (26 of 28) of dogs with sHAC exhibited thinned jejunal lymph nodes and 96% (27 of 28) had thinned medial iliac lymph nodes compared to healthy dogs and published data. Lymph node hyperechogenicity was significantly more common in the Cushing group compared to the normal group, with a prevalence of 64% (18 of 28) for jejunal and 71% (20 of 28) for medial iliac lymph nodes. Compared to healthy dogs, those with sHAC had significantly higher odds of having hyperechoic jejunal (OR, 23.53; 95% CI, 4.45 to 243.91) and medial iliac (OR, 65.70; 95% CI, 8.29 to 3,041.06) lymph nodes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Neutered dogs with sHAC are more likely to have thinner and hyperechoic jejunal and medial iliac lymph nodes than clinically healthy neutered dogs.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>These findings may support the clinical suspicion of sHAC during ultrasonographic evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical signs, treatment, and outcomes for ophthalmic thermal injury in 108 cats exposed to northern California wildfires between 2015 and 2020.","authors":"Denver J Coleman, Kathryn L Good, Lauren N Charnock, Steven E Epstein","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.03.0187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.03.0187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Report ophthalmic clinical findings along with treatment modalities in cats exposed to northern California wildfires.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records of cats (n = 109) exposed to 1 of 5 separate wildfire events in northern California between September 2015 and October 2020 were evaluated. Records were analyzed for patient signalment, ophthalmic examination findings, length of hospitalization, and ophthalmic medications utilized. Patients without ophthalmic examinations were excluded. Descriptive values were documented and reported as median (range) when applicable.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>108 cats were included in the study, with 64 cats (59.3%) showing at least 1 ophthalmic abnormality. Ocular surface changes were most common (56 of 108 cats [51.9%]), followed by periocular abnormalities (36 of 108 cats [33.3%]). Of the 73 cats that had fluorescein staining performed, 14 had corneal ulcerations (9 cats with bilateral corneal ulcers). Patients were started on either an ophthalmic lubricant (48 cats [44.4%]) every 4 to 6 hours and/or topical antibiotics, which included erythromycin (19 cats [17.6%]), oxytetracycline polymyxin B (4 cats [3.7%]), neomycin-polymyxin-bacitracin (1 cat [0.9%]), and ofloxacin (1 cat [0.9%]), every 4 to 8 hours.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Apart from systemic evaluation, careful examination for ophthalmic injury when managing feline patients exposed to thermal insult is imperative, given that nearly 60% of cases had some form of ophthalmic abnormality.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Topical lubricants should be considered in cats exposed to facial thermal insult, as a large proportion of affected patients have ophthalmic injuries that affect the health of the ocular surface. Topical antibiotics should be used when there is evidence of ocular surface ulceration.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144225509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laparoscopic ovariectomy is a safe, minimally invasive intervention for companion pigs.","authors":"Rebecca C McOnie, Elaine Claffey, Richard P Hackett, Susan L Fubini, Eileen S Hackett","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.03.0182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.03.0182","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe elective laparoscopic ovariectomy (OVE) in a group of companion pigs and compare complication rates and survival times between production and miniature pigs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Hospital records (2008 to 2022) were reviewed for pigs that underwent elective laparoscopic OVE. Data recorded included signalment, behavior history, preoperative evaluation, surgical details, and survival to hospital discharge. Anesthetic, surgical, and postoperative complications were documented. Owner follow-up was obtained by telephone and email communication. Nonparametric, continuous variables were compared between pig types by Mann-Whitney analysis and Cohen effect sizes, whereas nominal data were compared by Fisher exact testing. Survival time of production and miniature pigs was compared by Kaplan-Meier log-rank curve comparison testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>168 pigs underwent elective laparoscopic OVE within the study period, including 120 production pigs and 48 miniature pigs. Among the 168 pigs, a total of 20 anesthetic complications, 16 operative complications, and 13 postoperative complications were observed. Conversion from laparoscopy to open surgery occurred in 7 of 168 cases. The proportion of anesthetic, intraoperative, and postoperative complications did not differ between production and miniature pig groups. All pigs were discharged from the hospital alive. Owner follow-up revealed general satisfaction with the procedure, with 3 of 57 complications reported in the follow-up period and no deaths or interventions related to subsequent reproductive tract disease. Survival time did not differ between production and miniature pigs (P = .35).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There were no differences in complications or outcomes identified between companion production and miniature pigs that underwent elective laparoscopic OVE.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Laparoscopic OVE can be safely and successfully performed in companion pigs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144225510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oclacitinib (Apoquel) toxicosis resulting in acute kidney injury in a dog.","authors":"James M Damone, Sara Lister, Bridget M Lyons","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.04.0240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.04.0240","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144225511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identified-regulation motivational style, health factors, and rational decision-making drive pet owners' participation in pet weight loss programs.","authors":"Flavia M Vaduva, Angela Rollins, Maria C Jugan, Thomas Schermerhorn, Cary M Springer, Maryanne Murphy","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.03.0177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.03.0177","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess and describe pet owners' motivation and decision-making styles related to pet weight loss programs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study population consisted of dog and cat owners whose pets were participants in the University of Tennessee's Veterinary Obesity Center (UTVOC) or Kansas State University Veterinary Health Center's Healthy Weight Clinic (KSUHWC), presenting for either initial or recheck appointments. In this prospective study, participants completed an online survey utilizing modified versions of the Situation Motivational Scale (SIMS) and Weight Loss Motivation Questionnaire (WLMQ) to assess motivation and the General Decision-Making Style (GDMS) to assess decision-making styles. The questionnaire was available between January 23, 2024, and June 16, 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 53 survey respondents (UTVOC, n = 31; KSUHWC, 22). According to the SIMS results, identified regulation was the most common motivational style, and, according to the GDMS results, rational was the most common decision-making style in our study. The WLMQ revealed that health factors were the most important motivational factors for pet owners, compared to appearance-related factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, the most common types of motivation and decision-making styles among pet owners were identified regulation and rational decision-making. The main reason pet owners were motivated to help their pets lose weight was due to concerns about their pet's health.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Clinicians can use the study results to better understand the motivational and decision-making styles of pet owners whose pets are enrolled in weight loss programs. Future directions could assess whether aligning veterinary interactions with pet owners' preferred styles improves weight loss program outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144191829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The brachycephalic risk (BRisk) score's predictability for major postoperative complications varies between breeds undergoing brachycephalic obstructive airway surgery.","authors":"Lauryn M Cooper, Janet A Grimes, Akaterina M Davros","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.03.0145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.03.0145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the validity of the brachycephalic risk (BRisk) score to correctly predict the risk of complications in dogs undergoing surgery for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2024, were retrospectively reviewed. Variables for the BRisk score were collected, and scores were assigned. Area under the curve (AUC) was calculated for the ability of the BRisk score to correctly predict major postoperative complications (oxygen required for > 48 hours, temporary tracheostomy, permanent tracheostomy, and/or death).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>228 brachycephalic dogs undergoing BOAS surgery were included, of which 29 dogs (12.7%) had major postoperative complications. The median BRisk score for all dogs was 3.5 (range, 0.5 to 9.5). Dogs with a score > 3 were 3.0 times more likely to have major postoperative complications (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.2 to 7.3) compared to dogs with scores ≤ 3. The AUC of the BRisk score for predicting major postoperative complications was 0.719 (95% CI, 0.620 to 0.819). The AUC for French and English Bulldogs was 0.667 (95% CI, 0.527 to 0.806) and 0.754 (95% CI, 0.556 to 0.953), respectively. For breeds other than French or English Bulldog, the AUC was 0.882 (95% CI, 0.757 to 1.000).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The BRisk score had acceptable performance in this population. Performance varied by breed and was worst for French Bulldogs.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The BRisk score had acceptable performance in this external validation group. A breed-specific BRisk score with excellent to outstanding discrimination may better identify dogs at risk for major postoperative complications following BOAS surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding veterinary technician burnout, part 1: burnout profiles reveal high workload and lack of support are among major workplace contributors to burnout.","authors":"Angela J Chapman, Vanessa I Rohlf, Pauleen C Bennett","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.03.0163","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.25.03.0163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify burnout profiles and levels of burnout among veterinary technicians (VTs) and explore workplace contributors to burnout after accounting for nonworkplace stress.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An international convenience sample of 187 participants, recruited between December 7, 2023, and January 31, 2024, completed an anonymous online survey that included the Maslach Burnout Inventory, Brief Daily Stressors Screening Tool, and Areas of Worklife Survey. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients and hierarchical multiple regressions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two-thirds (66%) met the criteria for burnout in at least 1 of the 3 burnout dimensions. Common burnout profiles among respondents were Engaged (34%), Ineffective (28%), and Overwhelmed (23%), indicating high workloads and lack of support. Of the 6 Areas of Worklife, the Workload domain was most strongly related to burnout. Hierarchical multiple regressions revealed that, after controlling for nonworkplace stress, the Workload and Values domains, as well as nonworkplace stress, predicted Emotional Exhaustion. High reward predicted Personal Accomplishment, while low reward and nonwork stress predicted Depersonalization.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Veterinary technicians met the criteria for high levels of burnout, demonstrating a critical need for intervention. High workload and lack of support were key contributors to burnout; therefore, strategies such as streamlining workload and increased utilization of skills and knowledge may reduce burnout risk and improve the health and retention of VTs.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This study identifies the need for organizations to address key areas of workplace stress to reduce existing high levels of burnout in VTs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144093819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bilateral follicular activity in a 7-year-old Oldenburg mare with a 3-year history of an enlarged left ovary.","authors":"Elena Martinez de Andino, Leslie Sandoval Rosales, Tamara G Dobbie, Patricia L Sertich","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.03.0158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.03.0158","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}