Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association最新文献

{"title":"Suspected acrylamide toxicosis associated with ingestion of consumer polyacrylamide-based hydrogel migraine caps, eye masks, and wraps in 45 dogs.","authors":"Colette Wegenast, Ashley Haugen, Kirsten Waratuke, Rebecca Bader, Stephen Spiegelberg, Brittany Wilt, Melissa Kane","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.07.0539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.07.0539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe suspected acute acrylamide toxicosis in dogs following ingestion of consumer polyacrylamide-based hydrogel migraine caps, eye masks, and wraps, and to quantify acrylamide monomer concentrations in associated products.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Cases were identified from the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Poison Control's AnTox database (January 1, 2024, through June 1, 2026). Dogs with single product exposures to hydrogel-containing migraine caps, eye masks, or wraps and strong evidence of exposure were included. Analysis focused on 45 dogs with high or medium likelihood of exposure-related effects.</p><p><strong>Clinical presentation: </strong>Vomiting, tachycardia, seizures, ataxia, and tremors were the most prominent clinical signs across cases. Behavior changes were common and included anxiety, agitation, frantic behavior, restlessness, and aggression. In one dog, behavior consistent with hallucinations was described. Panting, hyperthermia, hyperesthesia, hypotension, and lethargy or depression were also reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most common clinicopathologic findings were hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, and hemoconcentration. Management was supportive and included anticonvulsants, muscle relaxants, IV fluids, and electrolyte supplementation. Among 21 dogs with known outcomes, 14 (67%) died or were euthanized. Analysis of polyacrylamide-based hydrogel samples revealed acrylamide monomer concentrations ranging from 12,900 to 51,800 ppm, substantially exceeding expected residual levels and indicating a clinically meaningful risk of acrylamide monomer exposure. Findings were consistent with acute acrylamide toxicosis.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Consumer polyacrylamide-based hydrogel products contain variable levels of residual neurotoxic acrylamide monomer and represent a potentially life-threatening source of toxicosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trauma, particularly vehicular strikes, causes substantial years of life lost in dogs and cats.","authors":"Caroline G Sullivan, Kristin M Zersen, Heather F Pidcoke, Kelly Hall","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.05.0398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.05.0398","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>\"Years of life lost\" (YLL) describes the burden of a given cause of death on a population by measuring the years of remaining life expectancy at the time of death. The objective of this study was to quantify the YLL due to trauma in dogs and cats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective descriptive study, fatal traumatic injury data for dogs and cats were obtained from the Veterinary Committee on Trauma registry from September 2013 to April 2025. Life expectancies for cats and 5 size categories of dogs were obtained from previously published life tables. Years of life lost were calculated by subtracting the years lived from the life expectancy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 5,980 animals included in this study: 4,083 dogs and 1,897 cats. Traumatic injury resulted in a median loss of 7.03 years in dogs and 8.18 years in cats. This loss equated to 55% of the canine life expectancy and 73% of the feline life expectancy. The traumatic injury subcategories associated with the most YLL were \"injured by falling object,\" \"struck by vehicle,\" \"fall from height,\" \"penetrating bite wound,\" and \"nonpenetrating bite wound.\" American Staffordshire Terriers were an over-represented breed and had a median YLL of 9.51 years, nearly 75% of their life expectancy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Trauma is responsible for a substantial loss of life in dogs and cats. Blunt traumas, particularly being struck by a vehicle, predominate in the total loss of life years.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Quantifying YLL provides an additional perspective about the burden of trauma in dogs and cats.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dogs and cats undergoing surgery for penetrating thoracic trauma have high survival despite frequent complications, and imaging may underestimate injury severity.","authors":"Nirali Pathak, Beth Lozano, Yingxuan Winnie Wang, Chanel Berns, Rahyeon Ahn, Ameet Singh, Cassie N Lux, Samantha Glamann, Kathleen Ham, Vanna Dickerson","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.06.0466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.06.0466","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe clinical and radiographic findings in dogs and cats with surgically confirmed penetrating thoracic trauma and evaluate associations with outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, multicenter observational study reviewed records from 5 referral hospitals to identify dogs and cats with surgically confirmed penetrating thoracic trauma between July 1, 2010, and July 31, 2025. Inclusion required thoracic radiographs, surgical reports, and perioperative records.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 86 dogs and 5 cats were identified. Mean animal trauma triage score was higher in nonsurvivors (7.6 ± 2.4; n = 20) than survivors (5.2 ± 2.5; 71). Radiographic findings included pneumothorax (73.6%), pulmonary contusions (65.9%), and rib fractures (62.6%). Computed tomography findings often identified more injuries. Time from presentation to surgery did not differ in survivors versus nonsurvivors. Lung lobectomy was performed in 24.2% of patients and was more common in nonsurvivors (45.0% vs 18.3%). Intra- and postoperative complications occurred in 56% and 51.7% of patients, respectively. Survival to discharge was 78.0% (71 of 91 patients), with a median hospitalization of 3.3 days (range, 1 to 12 days). Among 55 patients with follow up, 11 (20%) had complications related to thoracic trauma.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Surgical management of penetrating thoracic trauma was associated with a high survival rate despite frequent complications. Animal trauma triage is a useful prognostic indicator. Computed tomography may alter treatment plans.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Clinicians should anticipate higher injury severity than anticipated based on routine imaging and examination. Higher animal trauma triage scores were associated with nonsurvival and may provide useful prognostic information. Close monitoring is needed following surgery for penetrating thoracic trauma.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel serum biomarkers provide evidence for an involvement of the CCL3:CCL5 axis in fatal musculoskeletal injuries in Thoroughbred racehorses.","authors":"Bettina Wagner, John Pigott, Scott Palmer, Alicia Rollins","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.06.0502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.06.0502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Fatal musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries in Thoroughbred (TB) racehorses adversely affect equine welfare, negatively impact public acceptance of horse racing, and cause severe economic losses for the racing industry. Biomarker assays predicting the risk of MSK injuries are currently not available. Our hypothesis was that immune system and inflammatory markers are indicators of fatal MSK injuries in TB racehorses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Serum samples from TB racehorses with fatal (n = 44) and nonfatal injuries (63) were collected. Serum from 2- to 5-year-old TBs submitted for annual equine infectious anemia testing (n = 554) served as controls. All samples were measured for 12 immune and immune-regulatory markers using fluorescent bead-based multiplex assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>4 serum biomarkers, C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3), CCL5, CCL11, and soluble CD14, distinguished horses with fatal MSK injuries from controls. Two to 4 of these biomarkers were found in 70.4% of horses with fatal injuries, while 0 or 1 biomarker was positive in 99.1% of the controls. CCL3, CCL5, and CCL11 differed by fracture severity. CCL3:CCL5 ratios identified over 81% of the horses with fatal MSK injuries.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>4 novel serum biomarkers, CCL3, CCL5, CCL11, and soluble CD14, were identified in TB racehorses with fatal MSK injuries. CCL3:CCL5 ratios pointed to the mechanistic involvement of the CCL3:CCL5 axis in the pathogenesis of most MSK injuries.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The novel serum MSK biomarkers are promising indicators for changes in normal bone remodeling and should be confirmed in prospective studies. Monitoring of these biomarkers can prompt timely clinical examination and advanced imaging to mitigate the risk for serious MSK injuries.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel water additive increases voluntary water intake in healthy horses.","authors":"Kylie Yancey, Diana Hassel, Sangeeta Rao, Kathyrn A Seabaugh","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.05.0336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.05.0336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine whether healthy horses would increase their voluntary water intake (VWI) when offered a novel water additive (NWA) compared to plain water (TAP) and water flavored with sweet feed, referred to as sweet tea (ST).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>12 clinically healthy horses, aged 2 to 5 years old, were enrolled in the experimental crossover design. Four horses were assigned to each group for each of the 3 study weeks. The order that the horses were allocated to study groups was randomly assigned. All horses had access to 2 buckets filled to 16 L, one containing plain water (untreated bucket) and one containing TAP, ST, or NWA (study bucket). Bucket volume for both buckets was measured 3 times daily and refreshed at a minimum of once per day. Individual bucket volumes and total VWI (both buckets) were calculated daily. Manure production was documented twice daily. Each study week consisted of a 5-day assessment followed by a 1-week washout period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Horses drank significantly more water per day (52.0 ± 6.7 L) when assigned to the NWA group versus TAP (30.1 ± 6.2 L) and ST (32.0 ± 5.8 L). The number of fecal piles was significantly greater for NWA compared to ST on day 4 (6.8 ± 1.8 compared to 4.8 ± 1.4, respectively). The horses did not experience any adverse effects during the study.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings demonstrated that horses offered water containing NWA drank significantly more water compared to those offered TAP or ST.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Healthy horses presented with NWA had a statistically significant increase in VWI when compared to TAP or ST.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How can veterinary personnel recognize and protect themselves from domestic cats infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses?","authors":"Lizette O Durand, Sonja J Olsen, Natalie M Wendling, Timothy M Uyeki, Grazia Mirabito, Tom T Shimabukuro, Colin A Basler","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.07.0582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.07.0582","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses circulate globally in wild birds, causing poultry outbreaks and spillover infections in mammals and sporadic human infections. Recent detections in domestic cats highlight occupational risks for veterinarians handling cats in areas where A(H5N1) virus is circulating. Although the potential risk for cat-to-human A(H5N1) virus-transmission is currently low, vigilance is warranted. Veterinarians can use published recommendations to evaluate exposure risks, implement infection control practices, use recommended personal protective equipment, train staff, and coordinate with health officials. The One Health approach can help reduce risks of A(H5N1) virus infection to veterinary staff, cat owners, and other animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Most cats with a spinal fracture or luxation recover locomotion within 8 weeks of surgery.","authors":"Lucas Severac, Capucine Piot, Sophie Gibert, Paul Sériot, Emilien Griffeuille, Robin Cavalerie, Antoine Dunié-Mérigot","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.05.0331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.05.0331","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the surgical management of feline vertebral fractures and luxations, with emphasis on neurological recovery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cats that underwent surgical management of vertebral fractures and luxations, without prior neurological disease, were retrospectively enrolled in this observational study from March 1, 2012, to December 31, 2024. Collected data included signalment, vertebral injury characterization, surgical technique, postoperative reduction, modified Frankel score, and urinary incontinence progression, outcome, and complications from clinical/radiographic follow-up and telephone survey. Descriptive statistics were used to describe outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>30 cats met the inclusion criteria. Injury locations were lumbar (n = 16), thoracic (9), lumbosacral (4), and cervical (1). Preoperative modified Frankel scores were grade 3 (n = 12), grade 4 (8), grade 2 (4), grade 5 (2), and grade 1 (1). Surgical stabilization techniques primarily involved polymethylmethacrylate with screws (n = 18) or pins (9). At 8 weeks postoperatively, 28 cats were ambulatory. In the long term, 23 cats fully recovered. Grade 5 cats did not show neurological improvement. Among the 28 long-term ambulatory cats, 6 had persistent proprioceptive ataxia and all of these had T3-L3 neuroanatomical lesions. Urinary incontinence persisted in 4 cats. Owner assessment of long-term neurological recovery was good or excellent in 27 of 29 cats.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Surgical management was associated with favorable neurological recovery, even when surgery was delayed or postoperative reduction was incomplete.</p><p><strong>Clinical significance: </strong>In cats with vertebral fractures or luxations, surgical management should be considered an effective option when spinal instability or cord compression is present, providing that nociception is preserved.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum amyloid A alone or in combination with white blood cell count and fibrinogen is associated with inflammatory disease status in horses undergoing elective anesthesia.","authors":"Holly L Stewart, Alycia Frampton, Alycia Crandall, Darko Stefanovski, David G Levine","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.05.0426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.05.0426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to assess the clinical utility of common systemic inflammatory markers (WBC count [WBCC], plasma fibrinogen, and serum amyloid A [SAA]) for the detection of disease in patients undergoing general anesthesia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review of 1,002 surgical case records (February 2021 to June 2023) was performed. Systemically stable equine patients undergoing elective orthopedic and soft tissue procedures and that had WBCC, fibrinogen, and SAA evaluated preoperatively were eligible for inclusion. Disease status (healthy vs disease) was recorded for each case on the basis of the final diagnosis and identified comorbidities. Data were analyzed with univariable and multivariable logistic regression models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 997 horses met the inclusion criteria. The 3 inflammatory markers (WBCC, fibrinogen, and SAA) were each associated with the presence of clinical disease on univariable analysis. Serum amyloid A alone or in combination with WBCC and/or fibrinogen resulted in the strongest multivariable models with the highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results of this study affirm the clinical value of assessing SAA in the equine patient for elective procedures when preanesthetic blood work is performed. Evaluation of SAA is easy to perform on a handheld, stall-side device, emphasizing that patient assessment of this hematologic variable can be performed rapidly and economically in both field and hospital settings.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Equine practitioners working in the field or in settings with limited resources should consider assessment of SAA alone or in combination with other conventional systemic inflammatory markers when preanesthetic blood testing is performed.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical training in aquatic animal medicine-a unique strength of the University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine.","authors":"Dianne McFarlane, Iske Larkin, Michael Walsh, Nicole Stacy, Brittany Barbeau-Homewood, Ruth Francis-Floyd","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.07.0569","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.26.07.0569","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":"264 10","pages":"1400"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149008626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AVMA Excellence Awards: Let someone know they made a difference.","authors":"Jen Quammen","doi":"10.2460/javma.264.10.1268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.264.10.1268","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":"264 10","pages":"1268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149215701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}