Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association最新文献

{"title":"Equine cadaveric study suggests tibial and fibular nerve block is feasible with a single ultrasound-guided injection via a caudocranial midfemoral approach.","authors":"Lucimara Strugava, Anny Raissa Carolini Gomes, Andressa Duarte Lorga, Viviane Luize Bosak, Ana Paula Rossa, Jéssica do Rocio Janiszewski, Marcello Machado, Peterson Triches Dornbusch, Juan Carlos Duque Moreno","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.01.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.01.0002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe anatomical references and sonoanatomy of an echo-guided injection for blocking the tibial and common fibular nerves with the use of a caudocranial midfemoral approach and to evaluate dye spreading in horse cadavers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>1 horse cadaver preserved in glycerin was used for the anatomical study, and 14 fresh horse cadavers were used for the dye spreading study. The experimental procedures were conducted on the first cadaver on March 25, 2021, and on the last cadaver on October 5, 2022. A glycerin-preserved horse cadaver's pelvic limb was dissected to identify anatomical landmarks. In 14 horse cadavers, a convex probe was positioned perpendicular to the femur, at the level of the distal end of the third trochanter. The tibial and fibular nerves were located between the biceps femoris and semitendinosus muscles. A 21-cm needle was inserted at an approximately 60º angle in a caudocranial direction, aiming for the fascial plane. A 0.1-mL/kg solution of methylene blue-ropivacaine was injected. The spread of the dye was evaluated 15 minutes after the injection. This was a cadaveric experimental study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Technique execution and dissection times were 6.31 ± 3.44 minutes and 15 ± 6.33 minutes, respectively. Both nerves were successfully stained in 51.85% (14 of 27), only the tibial nerve in 7.41% (2 of 27), and the fibular nerve in 3.70% (1 of 27) of the limbs. The failure rate was 37.04% (10 of 27).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>With the technique described, it is possible to block both nerves, even for inexperienced operators.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Blocking at the level of the third trochanter of the femur covers a larger area of desensitization in a single access point and can be used to promote analgesia in surgical procedures involving the pelvic limb.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasound-guided transcutaneous glue embolization resolved bilateral temporo-orbital aneurysms in a bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) after anatomical characterization via computed tomographic angiography.","authors":"Nicola Di Girolamo, Lawrence Santistevan, Aaron Percival, Christopher Tollefson","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.02.0065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.02.0065","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collaboration with the clinical microbiology laboratory optimizes diagnosis of dog and cat infections: recommendations from the American College of Veterinary Microbiologists.","authors":"Stephen D Cole, Narayan C Paul, Kenitra Hendrix, Sara D Lawhon, Shelley C Rankin, Dubraska Diaz-Campos, Grazieli Maboni, Claire R Burbick, Meera Surendran-Nair, Joshua B Daniels, Deepanker Tewari, Jennifer M Rudd, Caroline Sobotyk, Tessa E LeCuyer","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.12.0776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.12.0776","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clinical veterinary microbiology laboratories and microbiologists are critical in combatting emerging and endemic pathogens and reducing the impact of antimicrobial resistance. For veterinarians, the microbiology laboratory can be an enigmatic place as results from the lab are produced with little transparency and thus can feel disconnected from the submitted specimen. Submission of clinically representative and high-quality specimens to the microbiology laboratory, with a good clinical history, is critically important because it enables the laboratory to produce accurate, efficient, and clinically relevant results. In human medicine, the Infectious Disease Society of America and the American Society of Microbiology have developed a guide for the use of microbiology laboratories to diagnose infectious diseases. It summarized best practices for clinicians and laboratorians to work together to lead to better patient outcomes. The goal of this article was to bring together veterinary microbiologists to build a guide inspired by the Infectious Disease Society of America/American Society of Microbiology document for use in veterinary medicine and to consolidate other recommendations for use in the veterinary microbiology laboratory.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retrospective analysis of canine, feline, and equine respiratory polymerase chain reaction panels performed at the New York State Animal Health Diagnostic Center (January-December 2023).","authors":"Kimberly Snedden, Elisha Frye, Rachel Conklin, Melissa Aprea, Mark Rishniw, Manigandan Lejeune, Erin Goodrich","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.11.0755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.11.0755","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the results and metadata of canine, feline, and equine respiratory PCR panel assays performed at the New York State Animal Health Diagnostic Center and inform veterinary diagnostic sample submission.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study reviewed laboratory data from routine sample submissions to the Animal Health Diagnostic Center for canine, feline, and equine respiratory PCR panels from January 1 through December 31, 2023. Associations were compared between variables using χ2 tests of independence or Fisher exact tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,902 canine, feline, and equine respiratory panels were performed (705 canine, 189 feline, and 1,008 equine). The most common pathogens were Mycoplasma cynos (canine [66%]), Mycoplasma felis (feline [60%]), and Streptococcus equi subsp equi (equine [39%]). The most common coinfections were canine parainfluenza virus and M cynos (canine), M felis and feline calicivirus (feline), and S equi subsp equi and equine rhinitis virus B (equine). Acute canine cases were more likely to be positive than chronic cases (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.7 to 4.5), with viruses more common than bacteria (OR, 4.7; 95% CI, 2.6 to 8.2). Canine and feline upper respiratory samples had a higher probability of detecting bacteria (χ2 < 0.0001; OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.3 to 2.1) than viruses (χ2 < 0.04; OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.9). There was a lower probability of detecting bacteria than viruses in equine upper respiratory samples (χ2 < 0.0001; OR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.57).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the probable pathogens detected in select respiratory panel PCR testing. Timing of sample collection during the respiratory illness may influence pathogen detection.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Acutely collected samples and clinically relevant information should be provided to laboratories to maximize diagnostic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concurrent intravenous regional limb perfusion and systemic amikacin administration achieves variable synovial fluid amikacin concentrations in healthy neonatal foals.","authors":"P David Wallace, Mike J Schoonover, Megan R Williams, Lara K Maxwell, Jared D Taylor","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.10.0678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.10.0678","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate plasma and synovial fluid amikacin concentrations following cephalic or saphenous IV regional limb perfusion (IVRLP) with a dosing protocol of 25 mg of amikacin/kg, divided into 16.7 mg/kg systemically and 8.3 mg/kg regionally. We hypothesized that plasma amikacin concentrations observed at 30 minutes after systemic administration would exceed a therapeutic target of 53 μg/mL and that synovial fluid concentrations would exceed a therapeutic target of 80 μg/mL.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Over a 5-month period (spring/summer of 2023), 8 healthy neonatal foals were administered each protocol at least 48 hours apart. Synovial fluid was obtained 30 minutes after IVRLP. The systemic amikacin dose was administered at the time of tourniquet release (30 minutes), and plasma samples were obtained over a 24-hour period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The observed synovial fluid and plasma amikacin concentrations were not different between protocols, so a single least square means estimate was predicted for each sample type, at each time point. The amikacin concentration estimate in synovial fluid was 238.5 μg/mL (95% CI, 146.1 to 330.9) 30 minutes after IVRLP and in plasma was 66.3 μg/mL (95% CI, 57.5 to 75.1) 30 minutes after administration of the systemic dose. Some foals did not reach the synovial fluid therapeutic target in all joints studied.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results support our hypotheses and suggest that administering amikacin systemically and via IVRLP as described can achieve therapeutic plasma and synovial fluid concentrations in neonatal foals.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Concurrent systemic and IVRLP administration of amikacin as described can be clinically effective in the treatment of sepsis with concurrent septic arthritis in neonatal foals.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"American College of Veterinary Radiology and European College of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging position statement on artificial intelligence.","authors":"Ryan B Appleby, Matthew Difazio, Nicolette Cassel, Ryan Hennessey, Parminder S Basran","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.01.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.01.0027","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The American College of Veterinary Radiology (ACVR) and the European College of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging (ECVDI) recognize the transformative potential of AI in veterinary diagnostic imaging and radiation oncology. This position statement outlines the guiding principles for the ethical development and integration of AI technologies to ensure patient safety and clinical effectiveness. Artificial intelligence systems must adhere to good machine learning practices, emphasizing transparency, error reporting, and the involvement of clinical experts throughout development. These tools should also include robust mechanisms for secure patient data handling and postimplementation monitoring. The position highlights the critical importance of maintaining a veterinarian in the loop, preferably a board-certified radiologist or radiation oncologist, to interpret AI outputs and safeguard diagnostic quality. Currently, no commercially available AI products for veterinary diagnostic imaging meet the required standards for transparency, validation, or safety. The ACVR and ECVDI advocate for rigorous peer-reviewed research, unbiased third-party evaluations, and interdisciplinary collaboration to establish evidence-based benchmarks for AI applications. Additionally, the statement calls for enhanced education on AI for veterinary professionals, from foundational training in curricula to continuing education for practitioners. Veterinarians are encouraged to disclose AI usage to pet owners and provide alternative diagnostic options as needed. Regulatory bodies should establish guidelines to prevent misuse and protect the profession and patients. The ACVR and ECVDI stress the need for a cautious, informed approach to AI adoption, ensuring these technologies augment, rather than compromise, veterinary care.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Needle sharpness is minimally affected by vaccine vial puncture.","authors":"Julia R Tawil, Emma C Vitello, Gina M Agostini-Walesch, John C Mitchell, Rachael E Kreisler","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.01.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.01.0025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To survey the commonality of needle-changing practices among veterinarians and measure whether 1 or 2 passages through a vaccine vial septum affects needle sharpness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An anonymous online survey of needle-changing behaviors by veterinary professionals was conducted from April to May 2023. Subsequently, a blinded randomized controlled bench trial assessed the impact of septum passage on needle sharpness between June and August 2023 at Midwestern University. Veterinary hypodermic needles of 3 brands and 4 gauges were tested after passing through a septum 0, 1, or 2 times. The primary outcome was the peak penetration force (PF) required to puncture standardized material. Secondary analysis involved visual examination of needles with the use of an optical 3-D surface roughness measurement instrument.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 482 survey respondents, 76% routinely changed needles due to concerns about dulling. Experimental results showed a minor increase in PF after 1 (9%) and 2 (18%) septum passages. Needle gauge and brand impacted PF more than septum passage, with differences of 6% to 58% and 9% to 10%, respectively. Visual inspection revealed a 40% incidence of gross defects after 1 passage and 52% after 2 passages, with PF through the vial septum being the strongest damage predictor.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While septum passage slightly increased the PF, brand and gauge had a more substantial impact.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This study suggests that changing needles may not be necessary for maintaining sharpness if proper technique is used, potentially reducing the risk of needlestick injuries and medical waste.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heart rate variability derangements in dogs with Chagas disease: a potential indicator of autonomic and cardiac disruption.","authors":"Roy Madigan, Toby West, Luis C Ascanio, Juan D Ramirez, Christopher McMahan, Alberto Paniz-Mondolfi","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.12.0773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.12.0773","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess heart rate variability (HRV) as a marker of autonomic nervous system disruption and its role in disease progression in dogs with Chagas disease (CD), and to evaluate arrhythmias and conduction abnormalities in symptomatic and asymptomatic groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective observational study was conducted on dogs treated at a small animal hospital in central Texas from August to December 2023. Ambulatory 24-hour Holter monitoring was conducted to assess HRV metrics (proportion of pairs of successive NN intervals differing by > 50 milliseconds and root mean square of the successive differences), arrhythmias, and conduction abnormalities. Heart rate variability parameters were categorized as high, normal, or low. Dogs were classified as symptomatic or asymptomatic on the basis of clinical presentation, and comparisons of HRV and ECG findings between groups were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>112 client-owned dogs with confirmed Trypanosoma cruzi infection were included. Of the 112 dogs, 46 (41.1%) were symptomatic and 66 (58.9%) were asymptomatic. Heart rate variability disruptions were observed in 63% of dogs, underscoring early and widespread autonomic dysregulation in T cruzi infection. Symptomatic dogs had more arrhythmias (1.54 vs 1.02) and a higher prevalence of second-degree atrioventricular blocks (0.19 vs 0.03), but HRV abnormalities were similar between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Heart rate variability abnormalities were prominent across all dogs with CD, regardless of symptoms, suggesting their utility as early markers of autonomic and cardiac dysfunction. These findings highlight HRV's potential for monitoring disease progression, particularly in asymptomatic dogs, supporting its inclusion in routine assessments for T cruzi infections.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Heart rate variability analysis may enhance early detection and management of CD, an emerging One Health issue, by addressing underdiagnosed autonomic and cardiac dysfunction in dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis and management of gallbladder mucocele formation in dogs.","authors":"Jody L Gookin, Kyle G Mathews, Gabriela Seiler","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.12.0789","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.12.0789","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The past 20 years have observed the emergence of an enigmatic and deadly disease in dogs referred to as gallbladder mucocele formation. The disease has been the subject of over 100 PubMed-indexed publications, yet only a single review of the topic has been published approximately 10 years ago. The aim of the current review was to provide a practical overview of the current literature of and, in some cases, the authors' experience in the diagnosis and management of gallbladder mucocele formation in dogs. Key takeaways were that gallbladder mucocele formation is caused by secretion of abnormal mucus by the gallbladder epithelium and has a predilection for older, small-sized purebred dogs. These dogs are often concurrently diagnosed with hypothyroidism, hyperadrenocorticism, hyperlipidemia, and proteinuria. Diagnosis is reliant on ultrasonographic features demonstrating the presence of non-gravity-dependent mucus that is adherent to the walls of the gallbladder and encroaching into the lumen. The definitive treatment for mucocele formation is cholecystectomy, which carries a significant short-term mortality but good long-term prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world data on behavioral practices for dogs in primary care veterinary hospitals in the United States (2010-2020).","authors":"Hsin-Yi Weng, Jo Ann Morrison, Kseniya Topdjian, Niwako Ogata","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.06.0412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.06.0412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To quantify the behavior problems and prescription of psychoactive medications in dogs seen at primary care veterinary hospitals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records of canine patients in a nationwide network of primary care veterinary hospitals in the US obtained between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2020, were retrospectively analyzed. Information retrieved included prescription of clomipramine, fluoxetine, or trazodone; patient signalment; and common behavior problem labels (aggression, separation anxiety, and fear or anxiety unrelated to separation anxiety). Associations between behavior problem labels and drug prescriptions were assessed with Pearson χ2 tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 32,468,046 canine medical records were retrieved. The overall prescription percentage was 0.03% for clomipramine, 0.02% for fluoxetine, and 1.33% for trazodone during the study period. Prescription of trazodone started in 2013, with a sharp increase after 2015. The frequency of behavior problem labels increased 10-fold from 1.0% in 2010 to 10.2% in 2020, with an overall frequency of 5%. Among dogs with behavior problem labels, 0.15% were prescribed clomipramine, 0.14% were prescribed fluoxetine, and 8.4% were prescribed trazodone. Notably, about 70% of dogs receiving psychoactive drugs had no associated behavior problem labels used in the study.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Frequencies of behavior problem labels and prescriptions in primary care settings were both low, with notable variations among psychoactive drugs. Furthermore, about 70% of cases prescribed psychoactive medications lacked target behavior problem labels.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>These findings highlight a critical need to bridge the knowledge gap between identifying behavior problems and effectively addressing them in behavioral practice within primary care veterinary settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}