Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association最新文献

{"title":"Scientific influence on the rise: 2025 impact factors for JAVMA and AJVR.","authors":"Lisa A Fortier","doi":"10.2460/javma.264.10.1262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.264.10.1262","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":"264 10","pages":"1262-1263"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149215804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How should ethical, legal, and technical considerations be addressed to prevent iatrogenic complications in high-quality, high-volume, government-funded spay-and-neuter programs?","authors":"Raúl A Sánchez-Nodarse, Juan G Maldonado-Estrada","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.05.0431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.05.0431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colombian Law 2374 of 2024 established a National Surgical Sterilization Program, expanding longstanding municipal initiatives such as those in Medellín, Colombia, which have sterilized up to 35,000 animals annually. However, limited research on the effects of frequent sterilization sessions and potential injuries raises concerns that large-scale public programs may compromise care quality and animal welfare. This Viewpoint examines iatrogenic harm and collateral suffering linked to high-volume spay-neuter campaigns from bioethical, regulatory, and technical perspectives. It analyzes structural factors that contribute to preventable harm to animals and veterinary personnel, assesses occupational safety measures, and proposes rigorous implementation criteria to ensure safe control of animal populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is 28 days of doxycycline still justified for canine Lyme arthropathy? A call for a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Fiona Emdin, Nick Daneman, J Scott Weese","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.07.0602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.07.0602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Canine Lyme borreliosis is commonly treated with a 28-day course of doxycycline, a regimen based on historical precedent rather than evidence. Most dogs exposed to Borrelia burgdorferi remain clinically normal despite seroconversion; of those that do develop clinical Lyme disease, the most common presentation is acute or recurrent shifting-leg lameness consistent with Lyme arthropathy. This Viewpoint proposes there is clinical equipoise to evaluate shorter durations of 10 days of doxycycline in dogs with uncomplicated Lyme arthropathy and outlines a prospective parallel-group randomized controlled trial to reassess treatment duration. Determining whether a shorter treatment course is clinically effective also has important implications for antimicrobial stewardship by minimizing unnecessary antimicrobial exposure and selection pressures for antimicrobial resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nasopharyngeal and laryngopharyngeal collapse: intra- and interrater agreement supports novel endoscopic scoring classifications in horses.","authors":"Shannon Massie, Renaud Léguillette","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.02.0090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.02.0090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The contribution of reduced airway patency from heightened inspiratory pressure or active muscular contraction to the pathophysiology of pharyngeal collapse is unknown. Existing classifications refer to the entire pharyngeal region; however, anatomical differences are evident between rostral and caudal collapse. Novel classifications and grading systems are proposed to differentiate 2 pathologies: nasopharyngeal collapse (NPC; collapse of ≥ 1 pharyngeal wall rostral to the tip of the epiglottis; grades 0 through 4), and laryngopharyngeal collapse (LPC; collapse of ≥ 1 pharyngeal wall caudal to the tip of the epiglottis; grades 0 through 3).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical reports from 99 barrel racing horses in Southern Alberta previously diagnosed with pharyngeal collapse via overground endoscopy (2015 through 2025) were retrospectively analyzed. Horses were referred for respiratory signs and/or poor performance. Two raters independently assessed still images obtained during high-speed exercise in a blinded and randomized fashion. Descriptive statistics and intrarater/interrater agreement for classification (McNemar test) and scoring (weighted κ) were reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Similar frequencies of NPC (64.6%) and LPC (67.6%) were observed (32% had both). Intrarater agreement for NPC was χ2 = 7.0 (rater 1) and χ2 = 1.0 (rater 2) for NPC and χ2 = 2.0 (rater 1) and χ2 = 1.6 (rater 2) for LPC. Scoring agreement was good to very good for NPC (κ = 0.69 to 0.81) and moderate to good for LPC (κ = 0.56 to 0.80), indicating reliable performance. Interrater agreement was χ2 = 4.6 (rater 1) and χ2 = 0.7 (rater 2) for NPC and χ2 = 0.2 (rater 1) and 2.0 (rater 2) for LPC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Intra- and interrater agreement supports the feasibility and practicality of distinguishing NPC from LPC.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Novel classifications reflecting functional anatomy may provide insight into the pathophysiology of pharyngeal collapse.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progressive regurgitation and sialorrhea in a 6-year-old mixed-breed dog.","authors":"Joelma Lucioli, Francine Bragagnolo Liz Stefen, Camila Mariellen Evangelista, William Ferreira Cristóvão, Sandra D Traverso","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.06.0449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.06.0449","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiograms generated in the United States support use of potentiated sulfonamides and intravenous amoxicillin-clavulanic acid when antimicrobials are needed in Escherichia coli canine pyometra.","authors":"Kassie N Marino, Nicole Buote, Joshua Glass, Cassandra Guarino, Kurtis Sobkowich, Donald Szlosek, Casey L Cazer","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.05.0341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.05.0341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among bacterial pathogens isolated from canine pyometra cases and generate a cumulative antibiogram to inform evidence-based treatment recommendations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This observational retrospective study included canine uterine samples submitted for antimicrobial susceptibility testing to Idexx Laboratories and the Cornell University Animal Health Diagnostic Center between 2007 and 2023 in the US. Susceptibility results were interpreted according to current Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute criteria. Cumulative antibiograms were generated with an interactive app for analysis of diagnostic antimicrobial susceptibility test data (AMR Visualizer; RShiny).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across the 2 laboratories, 6,462 bacterial isolates were included. Escherichia coli was the predominant pathogen (71.7%). Among E coli isolates, poor susceptibility was observed to penicillins, β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations, tetracyclines, and chloramphenicol. Excellent susceptibility was maintained to aminoglycosides, third-generation cephalosporins, potentiated sulfonamides, and imipenem. Most E coli isolates were susceptible-dose-dependent to fluoroquinolones and susceptible with increased exposure to intravenous amoxicillin-clavulanic acid.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most canine pyometras are caused by E coli. The in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of these isolates contribute to understanding resistance trends and support antimicrobial stewardship efforts. Susceptibility should be interpreted in the context of regimens used for breakpoint development.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>When perioperative antimicrobial therapy of pyometras is appropriate, veterinarians can use antibiograms to assist in selecting an effective and appropriate antimicrobial before susceptibility test results are available. These antibiograms suggest that folate-pathway inhibitors could be effective empiric choices that align with antimicrobial stewardship principles. High-exposure intravenous amoxicillin-clavulanic acid could be an effective choice in regions where the product is available.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149060932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemotherapy achieves high local control of lingual and tonsillar tumors in dogs and cats.","authors":"Juan Vizcay, Franco Portillo, Tadeo Sabella, Maura Diaz, Joseph Impellizeri, Felipe Maglietti, Matias Tellado","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.07.0557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.07.0557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe local response, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) in dogs and cats with lingual or tonsillar tumors treated with electrochemotherapy (ECT) alone or combined with surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for dogs and cats with a histologically or cytologically confirmed tumor of the tongue or tonsil treated with ECT alone or combined with surgery, with ≥ 1 posttreatment follow-up. Twenty-nine client-owned animals, 7 dogs and 7 cats with lingual tumors and 15 dogs with tonsillar tumors, were included. Response was assessed by modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors; PFS and OS were estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In dogs with lingual tumors, the objective response rate (ORR) was 85.7% (complete response [CR], 71.4%); the median OS was 270 days, with 2 dogs alive at 980 and 1,090 days, and the median PFS was 263 days. In cats with lingual tumors, the ORR was 71.4% (CR, 57.1%), the median OS was 240 days, and all cats died, most of local progression; the median PFS was 215 days. In dogs with tonsillar tumors, the ORR was 80.0% (CR, 66.7%), the median OS was 240 days, and all dogs died, predominantly of pulmonary metastasis; the median PFS was 210 days.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ECT can provide high local response rates in dogs and cats with lingual tumors. In dogs with tonsilar tumors, even when high local response rates are achieved, patients die predominantly from distant metastasis, warranting a multimodal treatment aproach.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>ECT achieved high local response rates in all groups. It appears most useful for function-preserving treatment for lingual tumors. The combination with surgery allows treatment of larger tumors than ECT alone. The survival of dogs with tonsillar tumors was limited by metastatic dissemination, supporting a multimodal approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149038686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gene electrotransfer for DNA immunotherapy in veterinary oncology: Technical Tutorial Video.","authors":"Joseph A Impellizeri, Arbel Vigodny, Elisa Sanchez, Luigi Aurisicchio, Antonella Conforti","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.05.0428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.05.0428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To demonstrate the technique of gene electrotransfer (GET) for administration of plasmid DNA immunotherapy in veterinary oncology.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>The method demonstrated in the video is relevant to both canine and feline cancer patients undergoing administration of DNA immunotherapies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This Technical Tutorial Video demonstrates patient preparation, IM plasmid administration, electrode positioning, electroporation pulse delivery, and postprocedural assessment for a GET procedure. Required equipment, procedure workflow, and practical technical considerations are reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The video illustrates the general workflow for delivery of plasmid DNA immunotherapy using IM GET under general anesthesia, including patient preparation, plasmid administration, pulse delivery, and patient monitoring.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>GET is increasingly used in veterinary oncology to facilitate delivery of DNA immunotherapies targeting tumor-associated antigens and immunomodulatory molecules. This tutorial provides a practical overview of the technique.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149030601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eight-week postoperative tibial plateau leveling osteotomy radiographs do not change the prescribed management plan for most dogs.","authors":"Courtney L Hancock, Steven W Frederick, Sarah K Israel","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.06.0467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.06.0467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine how frequently routine 8-week tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) radiographs resulted in a change to the prescribed postoperative management plan when evaluated by surgery residents versus senior clinicians, and how often the resident and senior clinician plans differed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective interobserver agreement study, dogs that presented for a routine 8-week TPLO evaluation at a single veterinary referral hospital between October 2024 and July 2025 were eligible for enrollment. Three evaluators (2 senior clinicians, 1 surgical resident) independently performed physical examinations (PEs) and later reviewed each dog's radiographic evaluation (RE). After each PE and RE, each evaluator documented their findings and management decision on standard forms. A Cohen κ score was used to evaluate interrater reliability for PE and RE management choice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>97 dogs (291 evaluations) were enrolled. Corresponding PE and RE recommendations were consistent in most cases (173 [59.5%]). The elected case management plans after each evaluation differed more often for senior clinicians (45.4%) than residents (30.5%). Interrater reliability for overall, PE, and RE prescribed management plans were fair (κ = 0.2233), fair (κ = 0.2252), and slight (κ = 0.1965), respectively. Patellar desmitis (99 [34.2%]) was the most common radiographic finding, but rarely resulted in a different management plan (18 [18.2%]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Management plans based on PE and RE evaluations were inconsistent, with REs resulting in prolonged exercise restriction in up to 40.5% of dogs.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Clinicians should weigh the costs and risks associated with routine radiographs against their anticipated protocol changes until practical guidance about the clinical impact of common radiographic findings is available.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149008492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical site infections in canine tibial plateau leveling osteotomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"George C Hansen, Rory J Todhunter, Stephanie R Welbaum, Kobi M Rassnick, Mackenzie A Janzen, Sophie N Cormillot, Natasha E Bishop, Lynn M Johnson, Daniel J Lopez","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.06.0491","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.26.06.0491","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Surgical site infections (SSIs) following canine tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) represent a significant clinical concern. A universal estimate of SSI incidence and identification of predisposing factors can guide preventive strategies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;This systematic review and meta-analysis was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (ie, PRISMA) guidelines. Studies reporting outcomes of TPLO procedures published between January 2000 and August 2024 were included. AGRICOLA, BIOSIS Previews, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, PubMed, Scopus, VetMed Resource, and Web of Science Core Collection were searched on August 23, 2024. The AVMA Clinical Trials Registry, International Veterinary Information Service, and World Organisation for Animal Health were searched on September 21, 2024. Two gray literature sources, American College of Veterinary Surgeons Surgery Summit Abstracts and Veterinary Orthopedic Society Conference Abstract Archive, were hand-searched by subject experts on the same date. Studies were excluded if they did not examine dogs that had undergone TPLO surgery, were written in a language other than English, were published before the year 2000, were not a primary study, did not report factors that affected incidence with included data, were performed by a nonspecialist surgeon, or were not performed at an academic or specialty private practice veterinary hospital. The number of SSIs and factors affecting SSI development were extracted. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to estimate a pooled SSI incidence rate. Relative risks with 95% CIs for SSI incidence were calculated for prospective interventions and for studies comparing TPLO with alternative procedures.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Of 10,125 publications screened, 119 (93 retrospective and 26 prospective) were included. The pooled estimate for SSI incidence was 5.6% (95% CI, 4.4% to 7.2%); 69% and 73% of retrospective and prospective manuscripts, respectively, failed to report a follow-up time of 1 year for procedures with permanent implants. Limitations included the application of AI with a \"human in the loop,\" limited sensitivity tools available for clinical surgical research, a small number of eligible prospective comparative studies, heterogeneity across the reports, and inability to undertake meta-regression on clinically plausible moderators owing to a lack of raw original data from authors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Clinical relevance: &lt;/strong&gt;This pooled estimate and CI can be used as a baseline to identify new single and bundled interventions to reduce the incidence of SSIs in TPLO procedures. Given the emotional and financial cost of SSIs in TPLOs and increasing antibiotic resistance, a standardized multi-institutional SSI reporting database is recommended to adequately power clinical research studies and establish best practices for reducing SSIs. The use of ","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149008568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}