Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association最新文献

{"title":"Acute hemolytic disease in neonatal calves.","authors":"Ícaro Guilherme Dos Santos, Luciano Nakazato, Richard de Campos Pacheco, Daniel Moura de Aguiar, Caroline Argenta Pescador, Edson Moleta Colodel","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.04.0232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.04.0232","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144019216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"There is no significant difference in the treatment of aspiration pneumonia in dogs with ampicillin-sulbactam versus ampicillin-sulbactam and enrofloxacin.","authors":"Cody I Riffe, Justin A Heinz, Carly A Patterson, Audrey K Cook, Igor Yankin","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.10.0673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.10.0673","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Describe outcomes for dogs with aspiration pneumonia (AP) initially treated with ampicillin-sulbactam (AS) alone (monotherapy [MT]), initially with AS and enrofloxacin (initial dual therapy [iDT]), or initially with AS and later escalating with enrofloxacin (escalated dual therapy [eDT]).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective review of dogs hospitalized at a teaching hospital for AP between 2010 and 2022. Inclusion criteria included consistent historical and thoracic radiographic findings and subsequent treatment with MT, iDT, or eDT. Exclusion criteria included radiographic findings suggesting other pulmonary pathologies, aspiration while hospitalized, antibiotic use in the prior month, or referral for comorbidities. Demographics, weight, vital signs, laboratory data, thoracic radiographs, lung lobes affected, antibiotic timing, and hospitalization details were recorded. Shock index, systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria, and quick sequential organ failure assessment scores were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>58 dogs met inclusion criteria. A total of 40 dogs were started on AS alone; 27 dogs were assigned to MT (46.6%). Thirteen dogs were later escalated (eDT; 22.4%). Eighteen dogs (31%) received iDT. The dogs that were escalated had significantly longer hospital stays. However, no significant differences were observed in lung lobes affected, survival to discharge, disease severity indices, and total leukocyte counts across the 3 groups. No differences were found between survivors and nonsurvivors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Ampicillin-sulbactam alone is an effective treatment for a substantial proportion of dogs with AP.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Empirical treatment with MT is likely appropriate for dogs with AP lacking signs of critical illness. In dogs for which eDT was deemed clinically necessary, outcomes are not worse.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic diarrhea and hematochezia in a dog.","authors":"Peres R Badial, Robert J Ossiboff, Ian K Hawkins","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.03.0181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.03.0181","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143971790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical technique, outcome, complications, and recurrence rate for removal of extensive perianal melanomas: 50 treated horses.","authors":"Liesbeth Haegeman, Mathieu Foucaud, Zoe Joostens, Jeroen Declercq, Tatiana Vinardell, Dimitri Kadic, Tom Mariën","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.12.0816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.12.0816","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe surgical treatment and outcome for horses with extensive perianal melanomas.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Gray horses treated surgically for extensive perianal melanoma between July 1, 2020, and July 31, 2023, were eligible. Horses without the entire perianal skin covered with coalescing or ulcerating melanomas were excluded.</p><p><strong>Clinical presentation: </strong>59 horses (30 mares, 27 geldings, and 2 stallions) met the inclusion criteria. Median age was 16 years (range, 7 to 28 years). Clinical signs included tenesmus (n = 53), weight loss (3), and hind limb lameness (1). Six horses presented with no complaints; in these horses, surgery was performed preventively. Time since melanoma first appeared was < 5 years (n = 21), 5 to 10 years (18), > 10 years (9), or unknown (11). Tails were affected in all horses. Melanoma occurred elsewhere for 58 horses. All horses underwent presurgical thoracic and abdominal ultrasonography.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Horses underwent standing sedation combined with epidural anesthesia (n = 51) or general anesthesia (8). Surgery involved circumferential incisions at the junction between the skin and melanomas and mucocutaneous junction of the rectum, blunt and sharp dissection to remove the masses, and rectal reconstruction. Perirectal tumors were removed via separate vertical incisions. Tail amputation was performed for 13 horses. Follow-up data (median, 19 months; range, 6 to 48 months) were available for 50 horses; clinical signs improved for 44 (88%), recurrence was observed for 6 (12%), and complications occurred for 15 (30%).</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Results indicated that this surgical procedure is a viable treatment option for horses with extensive perianal melanoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143990084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to perform abdominocentesis and interpret abdominal fluid in equine patients.","authors":"Julie P Wright, Sarah M Gray, Rebecca C Bishop","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.02.0123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.02.0123","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe and demonstrate the collection of abdominal fluid from a standing, sedated equine patient.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>1 healthy university-owned animal was used for abdominocentesis demonstration. Images from various clinical cases from the University of Illinois Veterinary Teaching Hospital are shown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Under standing sedation, a 10 X 10-cm area is clipped and aseptically prepared on the most dependent portion of the abdomen to the right of midline. One to 2 mL of 2% lidocaine is instilled subcutaneously and into the abdominal musculature at the abdominocentesis site. A stab incision is made through the skin and external rectus sheath with a No. 15 blade, and the blade is rotated 180°. A teat cannula is placed into the incision, and pressure is applied to penetrate the peritoneum. The teat cannula is rotated as necessary to achieve fluid. Alternatively, an 18-gauge, 1.5-inch needle can be inserted through the skin in the ventral abdomen in the center of the aseptically prepared area (no lidocaine block or incision needed).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Abdominal fluid is collected in a red top tube for stall side parameters (lactate and total protein) or culture and a purple top tube for cytologic evaluation. Normal fluid is straw-colored and clear, with a total protein < 2 g/dL and L-lactate < 2 mmol/L (or similar to peripheral L-lactate), and has a nucleated cell count < 500 cells/µL.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Abdominal fluid is a useful diagnostic tool to investigate conditions of the equine abdomen. When used in conjunction with other diagnostic procedures, abdominocentesis helps guide treatment and referral decisions in colic patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A prospective observational study of 345 canines with ruptured splenic tumors suggests benign lesions are more common than previously reported.","authors":"Elise Ruffoni, Samuel Stewart, Chand Khanna, Christopher Thomson, Garrett Tougas, Joelle Fenger, Heather Wilson-Robles, Jacob Cawley","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.01.0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.01.0044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To define the histopathologic diagnoses and clinical stage from a prospectively enrolled cohort of dogs with spontaneous hemoperitoneum (SH) of splenic origin undergoing splenectomy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This post hoc analysis of prospective data evaluated canine patients presenting with SH enrolled into a nationwide study of ruptured splenic tumors undergoing splenectomy from October 2020 to June 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study enrolled 345 dogs with SH secondary to a ruptured splenic tumor. Benign lesions accounted for 35.7% of all dogs (n = 123), and malignant tumors accounted for 64.3% of all dogs (222). Of the malignant tumors, hemangiosarcoma (HSA) represented 56.2% of all dogs (n = 194) and other malignant tumors represented 8.1% of dogs (28). The median weight in kilograms and age in years for all dogs enrolled were 27.9 kg (5.4 to 84.5 kg) and 10 years (3 to 15 years), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While splenic HSA (spHSA) has remained the most common cause of SH in canines, benign lesions had a higher prevalence in this study at 35.7% (n = 123) than previously reported. There was no statistically significant difference identified when comparing body weight or age between the groups.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This study did not identify a statistically significant correlation between age or weight with the development of spHSA and reported an overall higher incidence of benign lesions, thus calling for an adjustment to the narrative claiming that old large-breed dogs have a higher prevalence of spHSA. The published data represent the largest prospective study on SH of splenic origin in canines and can be utilized by the practicing clinician to provide a comprehensive discussion when recommending surgical intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144006091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The T-wave peak-end to QT ratio is prolonged and minimally influenced by RR interval in Doberman Pinschers with subclinical dilated cardiomyopathy.","authors":"Kentaro Kurogochi, Joshua A Stern, Kathryn M Meurs, Yu Ueda","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.02.0097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.02.0097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The T-wave peak-end to QT ratio (TpTe:QT) is an ECG marker of myocardial repolarization dispersion that is not influenced by the RR interval. The authors hypothesized that TpTe:QT would be prolonged in Doberman Pinschers with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cross-sectional study included clinically healthy Doberman Pinschers that were pyruvate kinase dehydrogenase 4 and/or titin genotype positive as the controls and dogs diagnosed with subclinical DCM as the DCM+ group. Data were collected between 2019 and 2024. Dogs receiving antiarrhythmic drugs were excluded. The QT interval, corrected QT interval, TpTe, TpTe:QT, and corrected TpTe were measured as repolarization markers with the use of ambulatory ECGs. Interrelationships among RR interval, DCM phenotype, and each marker were determined with a mixed-effects model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>36 dogs were included: 12 in the DCM+ group and 24 in the controls. The TpTe:QT was significantly higher in the DCM+ group compared to controls (risk ratio, 1.23), with negligible to weak correlation identified to RR interval (0.04 in controls; -0.16 in DCM+). The TpTe and corrected TpTe were also elevated in the DCM+ group (risk ratios 1.04 and 1.06, respectively): these values were significantly influenced by RR interval.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TpTe:QT is a potential marker for distinguishing Doberman Pinschers with subclinical DCM from those that are normal, yet genetically at risk. Its independence from heart rate variation underscores its potential utility in clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>TpTe:QT is a simple, noninvasive, and readily available test that may predict subclinical, clinically evident DCM in Doberman Pinschers. Larger clinical investigations of this easily obtained variable are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143970024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Most, but not all, clinical veterinary journals have improved publication speed of research articles-another look 6 years on.","authors":"Mark Rishniw, Maurice E White","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.03.0151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.03.0151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the time from submission to acceptance (review time), acceptance to first online appearance (process time), and total publication time (sum of review and process times) of research publications in a select group of veterinary journals and compare these with results from 2018.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected from 30 sequential research articles in each journal in a backward temporal manner starting with December 2024. Data from 2024 and 2018 were compared by use of Mann-Whitney U tests for each journal.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>15 of 23 journals improved their process time; 8 of 23 also slightly improved their review time. Two journals increased their review time: one by 1.5 months and the other by 2.5 months. Thirteen journals improved their total time: 2 by 12 to 24 months. One journal had a total publication time of almost 20 months, whereas most journals had times between 6 and 10 months. Two journals had total publication times < 2 months, despite publishing more articles than the sum of articles published by 22 of 23 other journals.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most journals improved process time, with some exceptions. Two journals had total times considerably faster than other journals, raising concerns about the quality of the review process in those journals. Several journals had considerable room for improvement in the dissemination of scientific information.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Authors can use our data when choosing a journal for their manuscript submissions to expedite the publication process of their research but should be wary of submitting to journals claiming extraordinary publication speeds.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143965199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insulating the extremities of cats with highly insulating materials during anesthesia reduces core temperature decline with additional benefit from active warming.","authors":"Rachael E Kreisler, John Boules, Mahtab Khanezarrin, Renata S Costa","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.02.0095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.02.0095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate whether covering the extremities of cats with highly insulating materials with or without active warming slows the rate of temperature decrease during anesthesia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Insulating devices were created from the best insulating material-2 layers of down blanket-as determined by an in vitro study. Female cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy in a veterinary student surgical program were block randomized to active warming (insulation with heating element), passive insulation (insulation only), or control (no covering). Core body temperature was recorded every minute from induction through recovery. Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate the rate of temperature decrease and lowest recorded temperature, controlling for weight, postinduction temperature, ambient temperature, and (for lowest temperature) anesthesia duration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>49 female cats were enrolled. In the first 30 minutes, controls decreased by 0.12 °F/min, passive by 0.11 °F/min, and active by 0.09 °F/min. After 30 minutes, temperature decline slowed, with rates of 0.05 °F/min for controls, 0.03 °F/min for passive, and 0.01 °F/min for active. The lowest recorded temperatures were 1.2 and 1.9 °F, higher in the passive and active groups, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Covering the extremities of cats undergoing anesthesia with highly insulating materials slows core temperature decrease.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Covering the extremities of cats resulted in a lowest temperature between 1 and 2 °F greater than controls. While active warming has a greater effect than passive insulation, the absolute difference in lowest temperature, 0.7 °F, may not justify the additional challenges of adding a heating source.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144020950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safe use of intraoperative intraperitoneal crystalloid fluid administration in management of late-term pregnant queens undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy.","authors":"Joseph R Frame, Nolan V Chalifoux, James M Fudge, Rebecka S Hess, Deborah C Silverstein","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.12.0769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.12.0769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Evaluate the safety and effectiveness of intraoperative IP crystalloid fluid administration for the prevention of hypotension and perfusion deficits, as well as the impact of intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), following removal of the gravid uterus in late-term pregnant queens undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a prospective, randomized, case-control study. Pregnant queens presenting to a high-volume spay-and-neuter clinic for elective ovariohysterectomy between March 2021 and May 2023 were included and randomly assigned into intraoperative IP versus postoperative SC fluid control groups. The volume of IP fluids administered was equivalent to 25% of the gravid uterus weight, while the volume of SC fluid was 22 mL/kg. Perfusion parameters and IAP measurements were collected preoperatively, during abdominal closure, and 10 minutes after surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No difference was detected between pre- and postoperative perfusion parameters in the 50 pregnant queens (blood pressure, lactate, and IAP) between the IP and control groups. However, increased uterus weight was associated with a higher blood pressure and IAP preoperatively. No adverse effects found within the IP fluids group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>No adverse effects or significant differences were found between IP fluid administration and control groups in 50 late-term pregnant queens. However, IP fluid administration may still be a viable option for fluid administration in shelter settings. Further veterinary studies are warranted.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Traditional fluid administration via the IV route is not always feasible in high-volume shelter settings. Studies evaluating the use of the IP fluid route and effects on perfusion parameters are important to determine its effectiveness in veterinary patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}