Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association最新文献

{"title":"The Talking Physical Exam: a communication tool for engaging clients during the companion animal physical exam.","authors":"Erin Phillips, Jason B Coe, Shauna Blois, Elizabeth Stone","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.01.0016","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.25.01.0016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To provide a video tutorial on the use of the Talking Physical Exam (TPE) in clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>Any dog or cat receiving a physical examination in the presence of a client.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The TPE consists of the veterinary professional verbally describing what is being examined on a patient during a companion animal physical examination and relaying normal and abnormal findings to veterinary clients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The TPE is a communication tool for supporting client engagement and enhancing client understanding during the companion animal physical examination.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The TPE is a practical tool that can assist veterinary professionals with engaging clients and has the potential to increase the value of the companion animal physical examination for veterinary clients in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective mitigation of an outbreak of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli infections in a small animal veterinary teaching hospital.","authors":"Ian DeStefano, Claire L Fellman, Alicia C Bergeron, Lauren M Golato, Shira Doron, Melissa Cumming, Catherine M Brown, Jessica Leaf, Jaclyn Dietrich, Regina Wagner, Stephen D Cole","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.09.0572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.09.0572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe infection prevention and control (IPC) interventions implemented in response to an outbreak of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infections in a veterinary teaching hospital.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multimodal intervention was introduced that included environmental surveillance, point-prevalence surveillance of hospitalized dogs and cats, mandatory education/training about CRE, alterations in personal protective equipment protocols, increased environmental cleaning/disinfection, workflow modifications, and expert consultation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The highest environmental point prevalence for all-type carbapenemase-producing CRE (CP-CRE) or NDM Escherichia coli samples was 59.4% (19 of 32) or 37.5% (12 of 32), respectively. The highest prevalence of patient colonization with all-type CP-CRE (4 of 13 [30.8%]) or NDM E coli (3 of 13 [23.1%]) occurred at the same time point. Following the interventions, NDM E coli and all-type CP-CRE in the environment rapidly declined, and no further clinical infections were documented in the subsequent 7 months. However, CP-CRE and NDM E coli patient colonization rates took several months to decline.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both clinical infections and patient colonization with CRE declined by use of a multimodal IPC strategy. However, inpatient colonization rates declined more slowly, suggesting ongoing intrafacility transmission and/or unidentified environmental reservoirs that took longer to resolve.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This study described feasible IPC interventions that can be applied to inpatient small animal settings to help mitigate acquisition of CRE infections and asymptomatic colonization. Monitoring for clinical infections alone is an insensitive indicator of intrafacility CRE transmission in hospitalized patients. Substantial expenses were associated with the outbreak. Improved IPC and early intervention are recommended to prevent CRE transmission within veterinary hospitals.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subcutaneous tiletamine-zolazepam produces moderate sedation in red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) regardless of injection site.","authors":"Katharine Hausmann Farris, Elijah J Collins, Christoph Mans, Grayson A Doss","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.12.0781","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.12.0781","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy of tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) for sedation of red-eared sliders and to assess the effect of injection site location on sedation parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Over a 1-month trial period, healthy turtles obtained from a rescue were administered TZ (10 mg/kg, SC) in the forelimb (FL) or hind limb (HL) in a randomized, blinded crossover design in a laboratory setting. Heart rate; respiratory rate; neck, forelimb, and hind limb muscle tone; pelvic limb withdrawal reflex; jaw tone; cloacal tone; and feasibility of positioning for jugular venipuncture were evaluated. Flumazenil at 0.05 mg/kg was administered SC 45 minutes after TZ injection for recovery. Time to first effects, total sedation score, and time to recovery were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no significant difference in mean time to initial sedative effects between FL (11 ± 4 minutes) and HL (14 ± 6 minutes) treatments in the study population (n = 8 turtles). Six of 8 turtles (75%) and 5 of 8 turtles (63%) in the FL and HL treatments, respectively, developed decreased muscle tone. Simulated jugular venipuncture was successful in 7 of 8 turtles (88%) in both treatments, although additional restraint was required in 3 of 8 turtles (43%) in the HL group. There was no significant difference in total sedation score at any time point between treatments, and median heart rate across the sedative period was similar between treatment groups. Mean time to recovery was similar between treatments (FL, 135 ± 55 minutes; HL, 165 ± 45 minutes).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Tiletamine-zolazepam (10 mg/kg) produced moderate sedation of red-eared sliders. The location of SC TZ injection administration did not significantly affect sedation parameters in this species.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Subcutaneous TZ can be used for sedation of red-eared sliders in clinical practice to facilitate examination and blood collection in this species.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subclinical gastrointestinal mucosal lesions occur in dogs with intrahepatic portosystemic shunts independent of percutaneous transvenous coil embolization.","authors":"Erin A Gibson, William T N Culp, Brian T Hardy, Michelle A Giuffrida, Ingrid M Balsa, Phillip Mayhew, Stanley L Marks","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.11.0707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.11.0707","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the prevalence and severity of gastrointestinal mucosal lesions in dogs with intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (IHPSS), and to compare the prevalence and severity of gastrointestinal mucosal lesions in dogs with IHPSS before and after treatment with percutaneous transvenous coil embolization (PTCE) based on capsule endoscopy (CE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective clinical trial was performed from June 1, 2020, to March 1, 2022. Ten client-owned dogs diagnosed with IHPSS by use of CT angiography were included. Dogs were administered a capsule endoscopy device prior to and 1 month following PTCE. Outcomes compared before and after PTCE included gastrointestinal mucosal lesions as observed via CE, serum biochemistry changes, and client-reported clinical metrology data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All dogs underwent pre- and postprocedure CE without adverse events. Six and 5 dogs each had gastric and intestinal mucosal lesions on pre-PTCE CE images, whereas 8 and 4 dogs each had gastric and intestinal mucosal lesions after PTCE. Six of 7 dogs with pre-PTCE lesions had post-PTCE lesions, and 3 of 4 dogs without pre-PTCE lesions had post-PTCE lesions. There was no significant difference in mucosal severity scores of gastric or small intestinal segments before PTCE or 1 month after PTCE. There was significant improvement in owner-reported symptom assessment scores 1 month after PTCE compared to before PTCE.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Abnormalities of the gastric and small intestinal mucosal surface were common on the basis of CE images within this population of dogs with IHPSS. Severity of mucosal lesions was not associated with PTCE treatment short-term.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Dogs with IHPSS prior to and following PTCE may require ongoing management for subclinical gastrointestinal lesions. Further investigation to understand clinical relevance of these lesions is indicated.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143515680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insertion site of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts influences clinicopathological findings in dogs.","authors":"Yinthe Demeulemeester, Hilde de Rooster, Gonçalo Serrano, Emmelie Stock, Nausikaa Devriendt","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.08.0541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.08.0541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Determine the influence of insertion site of extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (EHPSS) on clinicopathological findings in dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was performed in dogs diagnosed with an EHPSS. Cases were eligible if EHPSS morphology was categorized as portoazygos (PA) shunts, portocaval (PC) shunts entering the prehepatic caudal vena cava at the level of the omental foramen, or portophrenic (PP) shunts. Furthermore, completed standardized questionnaires on clinical signs at diagnosis had to be available. Signalment, clinical scores, and findings on blood analyses and medical imaging were determined and statistically analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data of 104 dogs (15 PA, 70 PC, and 19 PP shunts) were included. Dogs with PC shunts were significantly younger than dogs with PA and PP shunts. Furthermore, dogs with PC shunts had a significantly lower body condition score and a significantly worse clinical score compared to dogs with PP shunts. Microcytosis and monocytosis were more pronounced in dogs with PC shunts compared to those with PP shunts. Finally, urea and creatinine concentrations were significantly lower and preprandial serum bile acids and fasted ammonia concentrations were significantly higher in dogs with PC shunts than in those with PP shunts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dogs with PC shunts are more likely to be presented at an earlier age, with more severe clinical signs and more distinct abnormalities in blood parameters compared to dogs with PP shunts.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>In older dogs with less distinct clinical signs suspected of having an EHPSS, screening for a PP shunt, which is more difficult to diagnose with ultrasonography, is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ovarian hemorrhage as the primary cause of hemoperitoneum in cycling and pregnant Miniature Horse mares.","authors":"Olivia E Stricklin, Erica C McKenzie, Pun Sriboonyapirat, Duncan S Russell, Constance N White","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.11.0723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.11.0723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine whether Miniature Horse mares are predisposed to hemoperitoneum from nonneoplastic ovarian hemorrhage and report the clinical characteristics of this disorder.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>51 equines with hemoperitoneum, including 22 nonminiature mares and 9 Miniature Horse mares, identified by searching medical records of a tertiary large animal hospital for confirmed hemoperitoneum cases between 2012 and 2023.</p><p><strong>Clinical presentation: </strong>Signs of hemoperitoneum in miniature mares included lethargy, inappetence, colic, tachycardia, and moderate to severe anemia (PCV ranging from 11% to 19%). Five miniature mares did not survive and were necropsied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Miniature Horse mares were markedly overrepresented at 29% of hemoperitoneum mares, and no miniature stallions or geldings with hemoperitoneum were identified. In nonminiature mares, hemoperitoneum was attributed to intestinal strangulation (n = 4), suspected or confirmed neoplasia (11), peripartum uterine artery rupture (2), splenic trauma (3), ovarian hematoma (1), and spontaneous broad ligament hematoma (1). In miniature mares, ruptured corpus hemorrhagicum (n = 4) and ovarian hemorrhage (1) were confirmed at necropsy. The other 4 miniature mares survived with no definitive cause of hemoperitoneum identified on extensive diagnostics; 1 was treated for hemoperitoneum again 6 years later, at which time a corpus hemorrhagicum was suspected on ovarian ultrasound. Two miniature mares in first-trimester gestation during treatment for hemoperitoneum subsequently produced normal foals.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Ovarian hemorrhage is an uncommon cause of hemoperitoneum in equines; however, it should be considered a likely differential diagnosis for hemoperitoneum in miniature mares, including during pregnancy. Reproductive tract assessment should be performed in equine hemoperitoneum cases, particularly for miniature mares.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unusual diagnosis in a recently transported 11-week-old dairy calf with acute bovine respiratory disease in North America.","authors":"Lillian A Feider, Emma D Stapley, Alexandra J Burton","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.01.0029","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.25.01.0029","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143407950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative clinical efficiency of resveratrol, allopurinol, and resveratrol plus allopurinol in canine visceral leishmaniasis.","authors":"Songul Erdogan, Hasan Erdogan, Kerem Ural, Serdar Pasa, Mehmet Gultekin, Canberk Balikci, Adnan Ayan, Tahir Ozalp, Ismail Gunal","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.11.0738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.11.0738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the clinical and immunological effectiveness of resveratrol alone or combined with allopurinol for treating canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 50 dogs, 30 diagnosed with CVL and 20 healthy controls. Dogs were classified based on their treatment regime (receiving resveratrol [200 mg/dog/d] and/or allopurinol [10 mg/kg/d]). Clinical scores, anti-leishmanial antibody titers, and routine blood parameters were evaluated on days 0, 15, and 30 after treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dogs treated with the combination therapy showed the most substantial improvements, with a 75.77% reduction in clinical scores and an 81.25% reduction in antibody titers. Dogs receiving allopurinol exhibited a 56.25% reduction in clinical scores, while those treated with resveratrol showed a 42.82% reduction. Antibody titers were less significantly reduced in the resveratrol group (67.5%) compared to the allopurinol group (45%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Combining resveratrol with allopurinol enhances the therapeutic efficacy for CVL, leading to significant clinical improvements and reductions in antibody titers. Resveratrol alone also demonstrates promising anti-leishmanial effects.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Resveratrol, either alone or in combination with allopurinol, offers a feasible and effective alternative for improving clinical outcomes in CVL. Its incorporation into standard protocols may enhance treatment strategies in veterinary medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143407939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral osteomyelitis and gingivitis caused by Fusarium epipeda is challenging to treat in the bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps).","authors":"Ivana Levy, Nathan Wiederhold, Connie Cañete-Gibas, Christoph Mans","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.12.0774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.12.0774","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143407945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resolution of egg binding is possible in most client-owned parrots when multiple treatment strategies are considered.","authors":"Ali Vavlas, Holly Galusha, Joerg Mayer, Brian Speer, Nicola Di Girolamo","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.11.0749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.11.0749","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Egg binding is a common and potentially life-threatening disorder in avian species. The aim of this study was to analyze the success rate and associated complications of different treatment approaches for egg binding in parrots.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All parrots treated in an avian-exclusive veterinary practice for egg binding during an 11-year period (2009 to 2020) were eligible for inclusion in this retrospective study. The primary outcome of the study was resolution of egg binding, defined as removal or laying of the egg and survival at 7 days from presentation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 150 events that had complete follow-up, 109 (72.7%) resulted in a successful outcome. A successful outcome was observed in 44 of 133 events (33.1%) that were initially managed medically without resorting to additional treatment strategies, in 31 events (86.1%) managed with mechanical assistance, in 20 events (60.6%) managed surgically, and in 12 events (85.7%) managed with ovocentesis. Time from presentation to resolution was a median of 36 hours (range, 1 to 240 hours; n = 119). Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated associations between higher body weight, administration of medical treatment and mechanical assistance, absence of administration of sedation or anesthesia, and absence of obtundation or stupor on presentation with a positive outcome.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, egg binding has a favorable outcome if multiple treatment strategies in addition to medical management are considered.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>We identified factors associated with resolution and outlined complications of egg binding in parrots, laying the foundation for additional prospective research on this complex condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143407946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}