Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association最新文献

{"title":"Clinical diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease in a rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus).","authors":"Katharine Hausmann Farris, Lorelei Clarke, Christoph Mans","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.11.0730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.11.0730","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heparinized venous blood gas syringes are associated with a significant decrease in measured packed cell volume in dogs due to hemodilution.","authors":"Coyne M Hopey, Dana Caldwell, Erin Binagia, Deborah A Keys, Tereza Stastny","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.11.0718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.11.0718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To assess the effect of hemodilution on PCV when commercial preheparinized venous blood gas (PH-VBG) syringes are used compared to directly filled Hct tubes, and to evaluate the impact of delayed centrifugation on PCV.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective study of 102 dogs presenting to a private emergency department between November 1, 2023, and February 29, 2024, with 306 corresponding blood samples. Samples were collected by direct venipuncture. Samples were analyzed with the use of 3 methods: directly filled microhematocrit tubes (direct), PH-VBG syringe (PH-VBG), and PH-VBG syringe with a 15-minute delay before centrifugation (delayed PH-VBG).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean PCV of the direct method was 43.9%, the PH-VBG method was 41.7% (range, 11.0% to 60.0%; SD, 9.8%), and the delayed PH-VBG method was 40.1% (range, 7.0% to 60.0%; SD, 11.2%). When the direct and PH-VBG methods were compared, the direct method was biased on average 2.2% higher than the PH-VBG method, with limits of agreement (LOAs) of -0.9 to 5.3. The direct method was biased on average 3.8% higher than the delayed PH-VBG method, with LOAs of -4.3 to 11.9. In anemic dogs (n = 14), the direct method was biased on average 6.1% higher than the delayed PH-VBG method, with LOAs of -0.05 to 12.2. In nonanemic dogs (n = 88), the direct method was biased on average 2.3% higher than the PH-VBG method, with LOAs of -0.9 to 5.4.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Use of preheparinized syringes and delayed sample processing led to hemodilution and lower PCV values.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Direct venipuncture and immediate sample processing are recommended to ensure accurate PCV results.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective analysis of hepatic copper concentrations in an internal feeding colony of dogs fed a broad range of foods.","authors":"Madison D Amundson, Laura A Motsinger, John Brejda, Leslie Hancock","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.09.0634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.09.0634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the effects of age, sex, year of death/sample collection, and liver histopathology on liver copper concentrations in dogs fed a wide variety of commercial dog foods throughout their lives.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized all bioarchived liver samples collected during necropsy at time of death from 2006 to 2022 from dogs housed in a closed feeding colony. Liver samples were analyzed on a dry matter basis for copper concentration by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry and did not require specific criteria for selection. The effects of animal age, year of death/collection, sex, and liver histopathology on liver copper concentrations were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Liver samples were analyzed from 296 dogs. Age and sex had no effect on liver copper concentrations, which increased linearly over time by an average of 3.41 ppm per year but remained within the normal reference range. Quantile regression indicated that the lowest 5% and highest 5% of liver copper concentrations analyzed were not changing and only a slight increase (3.7 ppm per year) was observed in the lower 25th quantile. The mean copper concentration of abnormal liver histopathology samples was not different from the mean copper concentration of normal liver histopathology samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Histopathologic findings or animal demographic did not impact liver copper concentrations over a 16-year period. Liver copper concentration increased linearly but remained within the normal reference range.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Mean liver copper concentrations for each year remained within normal limits. Studies assessing the impact of specific nutrient profiles and sources in various populations are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gabapentin and alprazolam pretreatment enhance sedation and reduce propofol requirements but do not improve intravenous catheter placement in cats undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy.","authors":"Virginia Papageorgiou, Charalampos Ververidis, Mathios E Mylonakis, Ioannis Savvas, George Kazakos","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.09.0631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.09.0631","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate whether pretreatment with gabapentin or alprazolam in cats increases sedation, facilitates intravenous catheter placement (IVCP), or reduces propofol requirements for intubation compared to placebo.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All cats that participated in this prospective, randomized, blinded, controlled clinical trial were admitted for elective ovariohysterectomy at a veterinary teaching hospital from 2022 to 2023. The cats were healthy, were ≥ 6 months old, and weighed > 3 kg. The cats were randomly assigned to 3 groups: group G received gabapentin (100 mg/cat), group A received alprazolam (0.125 mg/cat), and group P received a placebo. Ninety minutes after the pretreatment administration, premedication with acepromazine (0.02 mg/kg) and buprenorphine (0.02 mg/kg) was administered intramuscularly. Thirty minutes later, sedation levels, IVCP difficulty, and propofol requirements for intubation were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 60 cats were finally included, with 20 cats in each group. Sedation scores were significantly higher in both group G and group A compared to group P, with no significant difference observed between group G and group A. No differences were observed in the difficulty of IVCP among the groups. Propofol requirements for intubation were significantly lower in group A (4.6 ± 1.2 mg/kg) compared to both group G (6.7 ± 2.4 mg/kg) and group P (8.4 ± 1.9 mg/kg).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Pretreatment with gabapentin or alprazolam increased sedation in cats undergoing premedication. Alprazolam reduced the propofol required for intubation, though neither drug facilitated IVCP.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The findings of our study can have implications for anesthesia protocols in feline patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographic and lifestyle characteristics impact lifetime prevalence of owner-reported intervertebral disc disease: 43,517 companion dogs in the United States.","authors":"Crystal Wee, Darren Z Nin","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.08.0553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.08.0553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) is a debilitating spinal condition that has been well studied among Dachshunds. However, little is known about IVDD prevalence across other dog breeds and associated lifestyle risk factors. The purpose of this study was to identify lifetime prevalence, demographic, and lifestyle factors associated with IVDD among a large population of companion dogs in the US.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An observational cross-sectional study was conducted with the Dog Aging Project database. Companion dogs enrolled between December 26, 2019, and December 31, 2022, were included. The primary outcome was lifetime prevalence of owner-reported IVDD (OR-IVDD). Associations between OR-IVDD, demographic, and lifestyle factors were evaluated with multivariate logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>43,517 dogs (female, 49.6% [21,582 of 43,517]; purebred, 50.3% [21,910 of 43,517]) were included in the study. Lifetime prevalence of OR-IVDD was 1.2% (520 of 43,517). On adjusted analysis, male (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.64), purebred (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.37 to 2.01), toy and small (OR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.51 to 2.27), and overweight (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.38 to 2.01) dogs had increased odds of OR-IVDD. Lifestyle factors associated with reduced odds of OR-IVDD include higher daily active time, being on a commercial diet, and regular use of a staircase. Dachshunds had the highest lifetime prevalence of OR-IVDD (15.3% [83 of 541]). Among purebred dogs, French Bulldogs had the highest odds of OR-IVDD (OR, 21.1; 95% CI, 12.5 to 35.8) on adjusted analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Owner-reported IVDD is impacted by demographic and lifestyle factors such as breed status, daily active time, and staircase use.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>An increased focus on breed-specific research of French Bulldogs would be beneficial considering breed popularity and lifetime prevalence of OR-IVDD. Further longitudinal research is needed to assist with clinical decision-making and lifestyle recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated mortality in a pasture-raised, organic layer flock.","authors":"Emily M Frye, Kayla R Niel, Megan E Lighty","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.11.0714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.11.0714","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting parturition in a 3-year-old Labrador Retriever.","authors":"Hayley L Moore, Jessica L Klabnik","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.11.0726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.11.0726","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ocular examinations before and after total ear canal ablation and bulla osteotomy can help recognize and prevent potential vision-threatening abnormalities in cats and dogs.","authors":"Bianca J Hartrum, Terah E R Webb, Georgina M Newbold, Anne J Gemensky-Metzler, Shawn C Kennedy, Brittney A Carson","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.08.0533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.08.0533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To report ocular examination findings before and after total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy (TECALBO) and ventral bulla osteotomy (VBO) in cats and dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>At The Ohio State University and MedVet Columbus, ophthalmic examinations were performed on client-owned animals for which a TECALBO or VBO was indicated. Examination findings and postoperative complications relating to ophthalmic and/or neuro-ophthalmic diseases were recorded prior to surgery (T0) and at 1 day (T1), 2 to 3 weeks (T14), and ± 2 months (T60) postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>28 dogs and 22 cats underwent 43 TECALBO and 20 VBO surgeries (63 ears). Reasons for surgery included otitis (52.4%), polyps (30.1%), and aural masses (17.5%). Facial nerve deficits were observed preoperatively in 5.7% of surgeries and postoperatively in 47.2% at T1 and 31.3% at T14. Horner syndrome was present preoperatively in 11.3% and postoperatively in 45.3% at T1 and 37.5% at T14. Keratoconjunctivitis sicca and corneal ulcers were noted, respectively, in 5.7% and 3.8% of cases at T0 and 5.7% and 17% at T1. Facial nerve deficits and Horner syndrome remained present in 29% (5 of 17) and 36% (5 of 14) at T60. One dog with preoperative facial nerve paralysis and Horner syndrome developed a descemetocele that required a conjunctival flap at T14. Overall, 64.2% of surgeries led to ocular and/or neuro-ophthalmic changes postoperatively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cats and dogs undergoing TECALBO and VBO procedures should have thorough ophthalmic examinations preoperatively and postoperatively, as ocular and neuro-ophthalmic abnormalities are common in these patients.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Ocular examinations are important in animals undergoing aural surgeries in order to reveal ocular abnormalities that could require follow-up care or lead to vision-threatening conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142964905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation and treatment of lead toxicosis in rehabilitated avian species: 95 cases (2014-2023).","authors":"Stephanie A Elliott, Shawna Hawkins, Erin Lemley, Logan McCormick, Christoph Mans","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.09.0592","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.24.09.0592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate avian patients presented to a wildlife rehabilitation facility with confirmed lead toxicity for clinical signs associated with blood lead level groups, efficacy of subcutaneous chelation therapy with calcium disodium EDTA, and case outcome based on presenting blood lead levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective record review of 95 avian cases representing 19 species treated for lead toxicosis from a wildlife rehabilitation center in Wisconsin between 2014 and 2023 was conducted. Data were evaluated for presenting complaints, clinical signs, radiographic findings, chelation therapy protocol, clinical pathology data, and case outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A low lead level of < 20 µg/dL was the most commonly diagnosed level in avian patients. The presence of neurologic disease was found most commonly in birds with higher blood lead levels, whereas poor body condition, trauma, and anemia were most common in birds with low lead levels. Bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and tundra swans (Cygnus columbianus) were the most prevalent species presented. All methods of chelation therapy evaluated resulted in a reduction of blood lead levels. Patients with intake blood lead levels > 60 µg/dL were more likely to die or be euthanized while in care.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A bird with a blood lead level > 60 µg/dL is more likely to present with neurologic disease and have a poor case outcome. Diluted calcium disodium EDTA was clinically effective when administered SC.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Initial blood lead level, in conjunction with species, clinical signs, and radiographic changes, can help guide clinical decision-making for avian patients with lead toxicosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142964949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes associated with local treatment of nasal planum squamous cell carcinoma in dogs: 89 cases (2003-2020).","authors":"Joseph S Raleigh, William T N Culp, Michelle A Giuffrida, Chris Thomson, Tiffany Martin, Kyle G Mathews, Owen Skinner, Abby Leonardi, Judith Bertran, Laura E Selmic, Josephine Dornbusch, Jordan Wilson, Michelle Oblak, Boel Fransson, Cassie N Lux, Brandan Wustefeld-Janssens, Danielle Hollenbeck, Julius M Liptak, Heidi Phillips, Kim A Selting, Ji Eun Park, Mandy Wallace, Michele A Steffey, Ingrid M Balsa, Philipp D Mayhew, Robert B Rebhun, Michael S Kent","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.10.0642","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.24.10.0642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the clinical characteristics, treatments, complications, and outcomes in dogs with nasal planum squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) undergoing local treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective, multi-institutional study was performed. Medical records were searched to identify dogs diagnosed with nasal planum SCC. Variables were recorded from medical records and statistically analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>89 dogs were included. The most common presenting complaint was a visible mass on the nasal planum (89%). Metastasis was detected in 12% of dogs at the time of local therapy. Local therapy consisted of surgical excision alone in 63 of 89 dogs (71%) and radiation therapy alone in 20 of 89 dogs (22%); 6 dogs had multiple local therapies. Tumor size decreased in 12 dogs (60%) undergoing radiation therapy alone. Local recurrence was reported in 19 of 89 dogs (21%), including 16 of 63 dogs (25%) treated with surgery alone. Median survival time of all dogs was 452 days (95% CI, 285 to 576). Median survival time among 33 dogs with documented disease progression was 336 days (95% CI, 189 to 458), versus 685 days (95% CI, 334 to 1,042) in 56 dogs that did not have documented disease progression, which was significantly different (P = .038). Documented disease progression was significantly associated with hazard of death (hazard ratio, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.03 to 3.63; P = .041).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Dogs undergoing local treatment of nasal planum SCC had a favorable prognosis. Metastasis at the time of treatment was uncommon. Long-term survival was possible, particularly in cases without disease progression.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Aggressive local therapy, particularly surgical resection, should be considered in dogs with nasal planum SCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142964968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}