Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association最新文献

{"title":"Escherichia coli isolated from canine pyometra show decreased susceptibility to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in dogs.","authors":"Zoe Fautz, Nicole Amato, Rebecca Windsor","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.04.0298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.04.0298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe bacterial culture results and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for dogs undergoing surgical treatment for pyometra.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included dogs that underwent ovariohysterectomy at referral hospitals and had a positive bacterial culture of uterine fluid or histopathologic changes consistent with pyometra between January 2020 and December 2024. Data collected from medical records included clinical signs on presentation, hematological and biochemical abnormalities, aerobic and anaerobic bacterial isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility results, and peri- and postoperative antimicrobial administration. Prevalence of antimicrobial susceptibility was compared across select geographic regions and between Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) susceptibility interpretation guideline editions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>278 dogs were included. Neutrophilia was identified in 74.2% of dogs. Only 1 bacterium was isolated in 88.8% of dogs, while 10.4% of cases were polymicrobial. Escherichia coli was the most common isolate (73.1%). Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and enrofloxacin were prescribed postoperatively to 77.6% and 51.1% of dogs, respectively. Using CLSI VET01S edition 4, E coli susceptibility to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and enrofloxacin was present in 30.3% and 96.9% of isolates, respectively. Reclassification using CLSI VET01S edition 7 resulted in lower susceptibility classifications in 9 of 10 antimicrobials evaluated, including reductions of 46.9% for amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and 3.1% for enrofloxacin.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was frequently prescribed despite limited susceptibility among E coli isolates. Updated CLSI breakpoints reclassified susceptibility for most antimicrobials despite unchanged MICs.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Regional antibiograms may show decreased susceptibility compared to historical recommendations. Judicious empiric antimicrobial selection should be guided by antimicrobial stewardship principles rather than routine reliance on any single antimicrobial.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149008531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical debulking and electrochemotherapy, including a tetrapolar single-needle electrode, are associated with clinical benefit in dogs with intranasal tumors.","authors":"Marcelo Monte Mór Rangel, André Gustavo Alves Holanda, Laís Calazans Menescal Linhares, Daniela Ota Hisayasu Suzuki, Guilherme Andraus Bispo, Andrigo Barboza de Nardi","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.05.0387","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.26.05.0387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the feasibility and preliminary clinical outcomes of surgical debulking combined with electrochemotherapy (ECT) using a multielectrode approach, including a tetrapolar single-needle electrode, in dogs with intranasal tumors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective observational study included client-owned dogs with intranasal tumors treated from 2017 through 2024 at a veterinary oncology referral center. Dogs were included if they underwent at least 1 surgical procedure combined with intraoperative bleomycin-based ECT using a multielectrode approach and had a minimum follow-up period of 2 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>12 dogs were included, and most had advanced local disease (83% stages T3 to T4). Epithelial tumors predominated (91%), mainly adenocarcinoma (42%). Clinical response was observed in all dogs, including complete clinical response in 75% and partial clinical response in 25%. Local progression was documented by CT in 5 dogs (42%). Repeat procedures were performed in 67% of dogs because of persistent clinical signs or tumor progression. The median progression-free interval was 492 days, and the median survival time was 694 days. Treatment-related adverse events were frequent but predominantly mild to moderate, including partial wound dehiscence (50%), crust formation (42%), infection (25%), and oronasal fistula (25%). No procedure-related deaths occurred.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Surgical debulking combined with ECT using a multielectrode approach, including a tetrapolar single-needle electrode, was feasible and associated with clinical benefit in dogs with intranasal tumors. These findings support further prospective investigation of this approach for intranasal tumors in dogs.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This approach may represent a treatment option for dogs with locally advanced intranasal tumors, particularly when radiotherapy is unavailable.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148989969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review of biosecurity interventions for the prevention of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.","authors":"Brent Pepin, Marisa Rotolo","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.05.0412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.05.0412","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A systematic scientific literature review was conducted to identify proven interventions for reducing the risk of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) outbreaks on farms to inform decision-making by producers and veterinarians.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, the Journal of Swine Health and Production (ie, JSHAP), and Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (ie, MDPI) journals were searched for PRRSV biosecurity publications from 2004 through March 26, 2026. The authors independently reviewed all manuscripts for inclusion based on peer-reviewed status and scientifically supported, modifiable biosecurity practices or interventions used to prevent PRRSV infection on farms. Non-peer-reviewed publications were excluded. A structured risk-of-bias assessment tool was not applied; the study design was qualitatively assessed based on strength of evidence for each intervention. Results were synthesized through group interventions and tabulated along with supporting references.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>48 manuscripts were included from the initial 727 found in the search. The included studies were predominantly observational (n = 29), with the remainder comprising applied research (19). The top 3 scientifically supported PRRSV interventions were washing trucks after housing PRRSV-positive animals, filtering incoming air in breeding herds, and implementing a comprehensive farm biosecurity program.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This review provides evidence-based options for veterinarians and producers to design PRRSV biosecurity plans tailored to farm-specific factors. Because most included studies were observational and the risk of bias was assessed qualitatively, findings indicate an association rather than a definitive effect. Even with variable interventions, a comprehensive biosecurity plan provides strong evidence for reducing PRRSV outbreak risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148982666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BRAFV595E mutation detected across the disease spectrum from non-neoplastic urothelium to invasive urothelial carcinoma in dogs.","authors":"Deepika Dhawan, Mario F Sola, Jennifer B Nelson, Nadia A Lanman, Alexander W Enstrom, Lindsey M Fourez, Sarah A Tersey, Deborah W Knapp","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.06.0508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.06.0508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The goal was to determine the presence of a driver mutation in dogs with and without detectable cancer to set the stage for future cancer prevention research exploiting processes that inhibit cancer development in the presence of such mutations. The objective was to detect the v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) mutation BRAFV595E across the disease spectrum from non-neoplastic urothelium to invasive urothelial carcinoma (UC) in dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Scottish Terriers ≥ 6 years old with no outward evidence of urinary disease (n = 120) were screened for UC by urinalysis, urinary tract ultrasonography, follow-up cystoscopic biopsy, and necropsy when possible. Initial results were published in 2022. Extended follow-up is presented here. The BRAFV595E mutation was detected in urine sediment by droplet digital PCR and in bladder tissues by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For 120 dogs screened, biopsy-confirmed UC was found in 41 dogs including 31 high-grade UC, 6 low-grade UC, 1 carcinoma in situ, and 3 dysplasias that progressed to high-grade UC. The BRAFV595E mutation was found in the urine of 23 of 26 dogs with high-grade UC, 4 of 5 dogs with low-grade UC, 2 of 3 dogs with dysplasia, and 12 of 66 dogs with no UC detected over a median of 14 months of follow-up (range, 4 to 71 months). The BRAFV595E mutation was detected in UC and non-neoplastic urothelium by immunohistochemistry.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The BRAFV595E mutation is present in various stages of canine UC and non-neoplastic urothelium. This knowledge will contribute to future cancer prevention research.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Urothelial carcinoma screening should be implemented for Scottish Terriers and potentially dogs in other high-risk breeds. Biopsy and standardized imaging remain essential in UC management.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148919838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cefovecin selects for higher-level and more persistent antimicrobial resistance among gastrointestinal Escherichia coli in some cats compared to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in an observational longitudinal study.","authors":"Casey L Cazer, Julie Siler, Amelia Frye, Guillaume C Reboul, Y Tina Yu, Kelly Sams, Elizabeth Berliner, Erin Henry, Laura B Goodman, Kevin J Cummings","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.03.0235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.03.0235","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This observational study compared the development and persistence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in feline microbiota following treatment with cefovecin or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cats treated with cefovecin or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, at the attending veterinarian's discretion, were recruited from multiple sources between December 2022 and May 2024. Fecal samples were collected on the first day of treatment and 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, and 12 weeks afterward. Samples were cultured for Escherichia coli, Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion was performed, and isolates with decreased cefovecin susceptibility were enumerated. Samples were tested for AMR genes with a targeted deep amplicon sequencing panel. The proportions of nonsusceptible isolates were compared across time and treatments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>9 cats treated with cefovecin and 10 cats treated with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid were included. Both groups developed ampicillin-resistant E coli, which persisted longer in the cefovecin group. There were significantly greater odds of recovering E coli not susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (OR, 72; 95% CI, 5.4 to 980), ceftriaxone (OR, 930; 95% CI, 81 to 11,000), and cefoxitin (OR, 46, 95% CI, 1.7 to 1,200) in the cefovecin group, driven by 1 cefovecin-treated cat shedding resistant E coli for weeks 1 through 4.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A minority of cats may shed E coli resistant to β-lactams following cefovecin treatment, and the risk of AMR is likely lower after amoxicillin-clavulanic acid treatment.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Since cats are commonly treated with cefovecin, some treated cats shedding high-level β-lactam-resistant E coli may pose a threat to feline and human health. Using amoxicillin-clavulanic acid instead may minimize resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148919821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sepsis and elevated creatinine predict poor outcomes in uncomplicated canine pyometra, and empirically prescribed antibiotics do not match bacterial susceptibility or improve survival.","authors":"Anna E Jones, Mark Rishniw, Isabella L Raux, Desiree Rosselli, Dylan Thomas, Cody Westmoreland, Kelley Thieman, Kristin A Coleman, Hailey Gollnick, Isabella Hildebrandt, Erin A Gibson, Brigitte A Brison, Qian Gao, Michael Tillson, Cassie N Lux, Nicole J Buote","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.05.0367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.05.0367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify variables associated with prolonged hospitalization or nonsurvival in the surgical management of pyometra in dogs and to report uterine bacterial susceptibility in comparison with empirically prescribed antibiotics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective study of dogs that underwent ovariohysterectomy for management of pyometra at 8 tertiary referral centers between December 1, 2008, and December 31, 2023. Data collected included signalment, preoperative/operative data, antibiotic utilization, and clinical follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>625 dogs met inclusion criteria. Forty dogs (6.4%) experienced major short-term complications, and 604 dogs (96.6%) survived to discharge. Elevated preoperative creatinine concentration and sepsis increased the risk of nonsurvival. Survival to discharge did not differ between nonseptic dogs that received pre- or intraoperative antibiotics and those that did not. Sepsis, elevated creatinine, and interaction between elevated creatinine and altered mentation increased hospitalization duration. At least 1 inappropriate outpatient antibiotic was prescribed in 34.4% (116 of 337) of cases; most dogs that received inappropriate antibiotics were empirically prescribed amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (102 of 116 [87.9%]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Surgical management of pyometra in the tertiary referral setting had a good prognosis regardless of prescribed antibiotic bacterial susceptibility. Elevated creatinine and/or sepsis increased risk of mortality and prolonged hospitalization. The use of pre- and intraoperative antibiotics in nonseptic dogs was not associated with outcome.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>There was no clear clinical benefit of antibiotic use in the surgical management of pyometra in nonseptic dogs. If empiric antibiotics are indicated, the bacterial susceptibility profile of this patient population suggests a high likelihood of resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148919759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and pathological factors guide patient selection for electrochemotherapy in veterinary oncology in the absence of validated biomarkers.","authors":"Urša Lampreht Tratar, Maja Čemažar, Gregor Serša, Nataša Tozon Mask","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.06.0528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.06.0528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a well-established local cancer treatment that combines the administration of chemotherapeutic drugs with the application of short electric pulses to enhance intracellular drug uptake. Over the past 3 decades, ECT has become an accepted therapeutic modality in both human and veterinary oncology for the treatment of a wide range of superficial and deep-seated tumors. Although favorable response rates have been reported across many tumor types, treatment outcomes remain variable among patients and neoplasms. Currently, patient selection is based primarily on clinical and pathological factors, while validated predictive biomarkers are lacking. This review summarizes the evidence regarding factors influencing ECT response in veterinary oncology, including tumor histotype, size, local invasiveness, clinical stage, previous treatments, immunohistochemical and molecular markers, and tumor blood perfusion. Available data indicate that smaller tumors, lower disease burden, and earlier intervention are associated with improved outcomes, whereas recurrent and advanced-stage tumors show reduced responsiveness. Future research integrating molecular profiling, immune characterization, functional imaging, and liquid biopsy approaches may facilitate the development of predictive biomarkers and support a more personalized application of ECT in veterinary cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148912095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gilvetmab advances immune checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy for canine cancer.","authors":"Esther Chon, Laura M Greene, Matthew L Stock","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.06.0517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.06.0517","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized human oncology and are emerging as a promising strategy in veterinary cancer care. These agents unleash antitumor immunity by targeting inhibitory pathways that suppress T-cell function, enabling durable responses in select patients. In dogs, the immune checkpoint programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) axis is a primary focus due to conserved structural and functional homology with the PD-1 axis in humans, documented PD-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) signaling in the canine tumor microenvironment, and its role in reversing tumor-induced immune exhaustion. Several caninized anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies have demonstrated favorable safety profiles and notable antitumor activity in spontaneously occurring canine cancers, particularly melanoma and mast cell tumors. Gilvetmab, currently the only veterinary ICI available commercially, has conditional licensure in the United States for these indications. This caninized anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody has demonstrated target engagement, acceptable tolerability, and clinical efficacy in a subset of treated dogs. Although reported adverse events are generally manageable, further work is needed to better characterize immune-mediated toxicities. Furthermore, response patterns may differ from those of cytotoxic therapies, including potential pseudoprogression, necessitating careful selection of response assessment methods. Key challenges remain in optimizing patient selection, refining biomarker development, establishing effective combination strategies, and defining the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade across diverse tumor histologic subtypes (histotypes). Continued study of gilvetmab and related agents should advance the clinical application of immunotherapy in veterinary oncology and inform the next generation of comparative cancer care.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148912047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrochemotherapy with interleukin-12 gene electrotransfer can turn local tumor ablation into a systemic antitumor response in veterinary patients.","authors":"Maja Čemažar, Urša Lampreht Tratar, Nina Milevoj, Gregor Serša, Nataša Tozon","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.06.0510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.06.0510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Veterinary medicine serves as an important translational bridge between preclinical studies and human medicine, offering a valuable model for investigating naturally occurring diseases and generating data unattainable from purely experimental animal models. This is particularly relevant for evaluating novel cancer treatment approaches. Electrochemotherapy (ECT) and gene electrotransfer represent 2 such approaches in both human and veterinary clinical oncology. Current evidence indicates that ECT achieves excellent local ablative control of treated tumors; however, its principal limitation is that ECT does not reliably control untreated or metastatic disease. One strategy to overcome this limitation is combining ECT with the systemic immunomodulatory action of IL-12 gene electrotransfer as both modalities rely on the same platform technology, electroporation. In veterinary medicine, this combined approach has been successfully applied across various tumor types in dogs, demonstrating excellent local antitumor control alongside indications of systemic effects. These have been clinically associated with prolonged survival, regression of distant untreated tumors and lymph node metastases, and reduced invasive tumor growth. Immunological studies are also consistent with systemic immune activation, with flow cytometry analysis of peripheral blood demonstrating transient increases in circulating CD8+ cells following each therapeutic session. Further studies are needed to find the suitable biomarkers for selecting the appropriate patients for the selected treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148912098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of a graphic design for oncology discharge instructions is preferred by pet owners over text-only instructions with identical readability.","authors":"Ann E Hohenhaus, Rachel Lordahl, Hala Ghali, David C Provost","doi":"10.2460/javma.26.05.0334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.26.05.0334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to determine which format pet owners prefer for oncology discharge instructions. A secondary objective was to determine how pet owners access electronic information.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this experimental survey-based study, 114 owners of pets receiving chemotherapy between August 2024 and March 2025 at the Animal Medical Center in New York City read fictionalized oncology discharge instructions with the same content in 2 different formats: text and graphic design. Participants were asked to indicate their document preferences based on the US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 82 responses received, 78 were analyzed. Fifty-eight percent of pet owners preferred graphic design discharge instructions, 23% selected both versions, and 19% selected text. Ninety-six percent used their smartphone to complete the survey. Pet owners' demographic distribution mirrored other studies of American pet owners, except for education level.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>When creating pet owner education documents, consideration must be given to readability, sentence structure, typography, and layout and content. Because pet owners used their smartphones to access information, consideration should be given to formatting online education materials for smartphone compatibility.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Information gained from this study can be used to create pet owner education materials that increase understanding and also meet the pet owner's formatting preferences. The results of this study can be generalized to other pet owners in the US, given the similarity of this study's pet owners to published data, with the exception of a higher education level.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148891573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}