Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association最新文献

{"title":"Dogs and cats with prepubic hernia often have concurrent injuries and a good short-term outcome.","authors":"Grace Rein, Andra Voges, Mary Snipes, Kahlina Frey, Marina Silvestre Sombrio, Chad Schmiedt, Vanna Dickerson","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.09.0593","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.24.09.0593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe clinical presentation, concurrent injuries, common imaging findings, and short-term outcome of dogs and cats diagnosed with prepubic hernia (PPH).</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>71 dogs and 16 cats.</p><p><strong>Clinical presentation: </strong>Medical records were searched at 2 academic referral institutions from August 1, 2008, to August 31, 2023, for dogs and cats diagnosed with PPH. Information regarding patient signalment, imaging, treatment(s) performed, and outcome was recorded. All imaging was reviewed by a board-certified radiologist.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of animals (77.5% of dogs, 87.5% of cats) presented within 24 hours of injury, most commonly secondary to vehicular trauma. Common concurrent injuries included pubic fractures (76.1% of dogs, 62.5% of cats), sacroiliac luxation (56.3% of dogs, 68.8% of cats), neurologic deficits (50.7% of dogs, 25% of cats), organ herniation (49.3% of dogs, 37.5% of cats), and urinary tract trauma (12.7% of dogs, 12.5% of cats). Most animals were diagnosed with radiographs (60.5% of dogs, 62.5% of cats), with the lateral projection proving most useful. Surgical treatment was pursued in 35 dogs and 7 cats, with muscular apposition being most common in dogs (54.3%) and use of pubic bone tunnels most common in cats (57.1%). Complications were uncommon, and PPH repair failure was reported in only 1 dog. Short-term outcome was good in both dogs and cats.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Prepubic hernia should be suspected in patients that have sustained high-impact trauma and typically can be identified on lateral radiographs. For cases without organ herniation, conservative management may be a reasonable option.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142728752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prophylactic antibiotic use is common in dogs and cats presenting for procedures at veterinary referral dental practices.","authors":"Allison C Volk, Stephanie L Goldschmidt, Emma R Bollig, Jennifer A Montebello, Jennifer L Granick","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.08.0524","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.24.08.0524","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Antimicrobial stewardship is critical for the prevention of antimicrobial resistance. A lack of prescribing guidelines makes overprescribing in veterinary dentistry likely and represents an opportunity for improvement of stewardship practices. This study described prescribing practices of residency-trained and board-certified veterinary dentists for dogs and cats undergoing dental procedures.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Antibiotic-use data were collected from the first 10 patients presenting for a dental procedure at each of 22 participating clinics beginning on October 2, 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>35% of patients undergoing procedures received 1 or more systemically administered antibiotic, most commonly amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ampicillin-sulbactam, and clindamycin. Half (43 of 85 [50.6%]) of prescriptions for dogs were for perioperative or postoperative prophylaxis. For dogs, antibiotic duration for prophylactic versus treatment purposes was not significantly different. Common conditions included periodontal disease, tooth fractures, and oral masses. Comorbid conditions were present in 22.3% (49 of 220) of patients. Presence of comorbid conditions was not a risk factor for antibiotic prescribing. Tooth extractions were a risk factor for antibiotic prescribing among patients with periodontal disease, and those with ≥ 11 were more likely to receive antibiotics than those with < 5 extractions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study characterized antibiotic use among canine and feline dental procedures performed by residency-trained and board-certified veterinary dentists and identified tooth extractions as a risk factor for antibiotic prescribing.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The results obtained from this study provide insight into prescribing practices in a referral setting and impetus to develop outcomes-based studies to determine the need for prophylactic antibiotics during specific procedures, especially tooth extractions.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142695510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low prevalence of occult cancer diagnosis when screening healthy, higher-risk, middle-aged to older dogs.","authors":"Jenna H Burton, David M Vail, Jennifer L Willcox, Sami Al-Nadaf, Sarah Adrianowycz, Danielle Biggs, Rubi Hayim, Kara Magee, Rachel McMahon, Irene Mok, Ann Marie Picone, Jessica Ralston, Brittany M Smith, Rachel Uyehara, Amanda L Willis, Stephen Albert Johnston, Douglas H Thamm","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.07.0463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.07.0463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the prevalence of undiagnosed malignant neoplasms in a cohort of healthy middle-aged to older dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Healthy, client-owned dogs between the ages of 5.5 and 11.5 years and of mixed breed or breeds overrepresented for death due to cancer were screened for eligibility to participate in the Vaccination Against Canine Cancer Study at 3 study sites from May 6, 2019, to June 21, 2022. Physical examination with rectal evaluation and aspiration cytology of dermal and subcutaneous masses, CBC, biochemical profile, urinalysis, 3-view thoracic radiographs, and abdominal ultrasound were performed to identify occult cancer or other serious disease in all patients prior to study enrollment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>902 dogs were screened for participation in the Vaccination Against Canine Cancer Study. At the time of screening, 24 dogs (2.7%) were diagnosed with cancer, while another 30 dogs (3.3%) had abnormalities identified for which malignant neoplasia could not be ruled out but was not definitively confirmed. The prevalence of confirmed cancer in this population was 2.7% and 6.0% when cases in which malignant neoplasia was suspected were included. For the 24 dogs definitively diagnosed with cancer, the diagnosis was made on the basis of physical examination with aspiration cytology of a dermal or subcutaneous mass for 20 dogs (83%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Routine physical examination was able to detect the majority of the malignant tumors in this population of dogs.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>A thorough physical examination, including rectal examination, with aspiration cytology of dermal or subcutaneous lesions is a critical component of cancer screening for middle-aged and older dogs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142695506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of raccoon rabies virus variant in a stray kitten: the role of veterinary practitioners in detection and reporting of a non-native zoonotic pathogen-Nebraska, 2023.","authors":"Ann Carpenter, Emma R Price, Sydney R Stein, Andrew J Beron, Anna Divis, Sharon Mix, Amy R Hess, Kathleen M Nelson, Chad T Wetzel, Justin Fredrick, Lindsay Huse, Amber Horn, Duan S Loy, John D Loy, Clint N Morgan, Sergio E Rodriguez, Victoria Shelus, Crystal M Gigante, Christina L Hutson, Lillian A Orciari, Catherine Swedberg, Cassandra Boutelle, Richard B Chipman, Matthew Donahue, Ryan M Wallace, Bryan F Buss","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.08.0542","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.24.08.0542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rabies is a fatal encephalitic disease affecting all mammals. This report describes identification of raccoon rabies virus variant isolated from a stray kitten in an urban Midwestern city that is nonendemic for this virus variant. The kitten originally presented with nonspecific neurologic abnormalities. Astute veterinary, wildlife, and public health professionals played a critical role in the identification of this fatal zoonotic disease and the extensive public health and wildlife management response that ensued. This case serves as an important reminder of the risk of rabies in unvaccinated animals or those without known vaccination status, including stray animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"149-152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142644146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new age of veterinary ophthalmology.","authors":"Brian C Gilger","doi":"10.2460/javma.262.s2.s4","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.262.s2.s4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":"262 S2","pages":"S4-S5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142695517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intramuscular injection of a commercially available medetomidine-vatinoxan hydrochloride mixture produces reliable sedation in sheep and goats with varying cardiopulmonary effects.","authors":"Alaina A Kuehr, Andrew J T Muir, Chin-Chi Liu, Elizabeth J Benton-Levith, Clare M Scully, Jeannette Cremer","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.08.0497","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.24.08.0497","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the sedation quality of an IM injection of a commercially available medetomidine-vatinoxan combination (ZEN) in healthy goats and sheep and discern species differences in cardiopulmonary parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>10 apparently healthy adult university-owned research Black Bengal-crossbreed goats and 10 adult Gulf Coast native and Katahdin sheep were enrolled in this prospective experimental study from June 27 to July 27, 2023. All animals were sedated on 1 occasion with 0.06 mL of ZEN/kg, IM (0.03 mg of medetomidine/kg and 0.6 mg of vatinoxan hydrochloride/kg). Cardiopulmonary variables including heart rate, arterial blood pressure, and arterial blood gas parameters were recorded along with sedation depth and duration. Any animals still sedated after 150 minutes received 0.01 mg of atipamezole/kg.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean ± SD of the total sedation time for sheep and goats was 102.80 ± 10.90 minutes and 133.50 ± 32.63 minutes, respectively. Profound reliable sedation was achieved in all but 1 animal. Hypoxemia was observed in sheep and goats (11 of 20 animals total). Hypotension was seen in 3 of 10 goats.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In sheep and goats, ZEN at 0.06 mL/kg, IM, caused profound sedation. Total sedation time was significantly longer in goats than in sheep.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>In the presence of oxygen supplementation, ZEN at 0.06 mL/kg, IM, may be an acceptable sedation choice for apparently healthy Gulf Coast native and Katahdin sheep, but not goats; however, preexisting hypokalemia or pulmonary disease are contraindications for the use of ZEN in sheep.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"106-112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142500636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ventral neck mass in a longhaired Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus).","authors":"Lilia R Medvedev, Shih-Hsuan Hsiao, Christine Tysiak Davis, Michael F Rosser","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.08.0540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.08.0540","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142465703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgeon experience affects perioperative pain in cats undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy: a randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Lorenzo S B Cavagnari, Vanessa S Padilha, Ronise Tocheto, Bruna D C Regalin, Helena M C Pissetti, Felipe Comassetto, Nilson Oleskovicz","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.05.0293","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.24.05.0293","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to compare the outcomes between surgeries performed by either experienced or inexperienced surgeons by assessing intraoperative nociception and perioperative analgesia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>16 healthy, client-owned female cats were randomly allocated into 2 groups of 8: one undergoing surgery by an experienced surgeon (GES group) and the other by inexperienced surgeons (GIS group). Both groups received IM premedication with acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg) and methadone (0.3 mg/kg). After 20 minutes, venipuncture and induction with propofol (dose-response, IV) were performed. Maintenance was achieved with inhaled isoflurane. Intraoperative vital parameters were monitored, and fentanyl (2.5 µg/kg, IV) was administered as rescue analgesia when needed. Postoperatively, pain was assessed with a visual analog scale and the multidimensional pain scale of the Universidade Estadual Paulista in Botucatu; morphine (0.2 mg/kg, IM) was used for rescue analgesia, as necessary.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the GIS group, significant increases in heart rate and systolic blood pressure were noted during surgery, especially during pedicle clamping. Respiratory rate and end-tidal isoflurane levels were higher in the GIS group at specific surgical stages. Survival analysis indicated that the GIS group had a greater need for fentanyl. Postoperative pain scores were generally low, but a higher proportion of GIS cats required rescue analgesia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Surgeon experience influences intraoperative parameters and fentanyl consumption. Inexperienced surgeons contribute to increased postoperative pain and poorer wound healing outcomes in cats undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Ovariohysterectomy is a common procedure in veterinary practice, and surgical expertise significantly impacts pain management and recovery. Yet, its effects have been underexplored, potentially compromising animal welfare.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1622-1631"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142465701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AVMA Excellence Awards: Recognizing our colleagues for their contributions to veterinary medicine.","authors":"Sandra Faeh","doi":"10.2460/javma.262.10.1299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.262.10.1299","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":"262 10","pages":"1299"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142346875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Igniting passion in youth for careers in farm animal veterinary medicine.","authors":"Rustin M Moore, Jacqueline M Nolting, Toni Hare","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.07.0461","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.24.07.0461","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":"262 10","pages":"1420"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}