Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association最新文献

{"title":"Tranexamic acid stops hyperfibrinolysis in dogs with hemorrhagic shock: a randomized, controlled clinical trial.","authors":"Erin Long Mays, Bernie Hansen, Laura Culbreth, Rita Hanel, Sean Majoy, Elizabeth Rozanski, Armelle DeLaforcade","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.03.0216","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.24.03.0216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the effect of tranexamic acid (TXA) on clot hyperfibrinolysis (HF), defined as excessive clot lysis at 30 minutes (LY30%), with rapid thromboelastography (rTEG) or rTEG samples spiked with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA-stressed rTEG), in dogs with hemorrhagic shock.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Prospective blinded clinical trial at 2 teaching hospitals, March 16, 2018, to May 20, 2022. Twenty-five dogs with hemorrhagic shock and HF were treated with standard care plus either TXA (20 mg/kg; TXA group) or saline (SAL group) over 20 minutes followed by an infusion of the same dose over 8 hours. Rapid TEG and tPA-stressed rTEG assays were performed immediately before study drug administration and at 8, 12, and 24 hours afterwards (T0, T8, T12, and T24, respectively).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>4 dogs died or were euthanized before the end of the study period due to disease/injury severity. All survivors had normal rTEG LY30% values after T0; the value for 1 nonsurvivor increased at T8. The tPA-stressed LY30% normalized in all TXA (n = 14) and 8 of 11 SAL dogs at T8; TXA dogs had lower median tPA-stressed rTEG LY30% values at T8 and T12 than SAL dogs (P = .001 and .02, respectively). There was no treatment effect on blood product administration or survival, and no adverse effects were attributed to TXA administration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Resuscitation with or without TXA reduced HF identified by tPA-stressed rTEG. Hyperfibrinolysis was completely suppressed at the conclusion of the 8-hour TXA infusion.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Although TXA treatment stopped HF, there was no effect on survival or transfusion requirements.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"54-62"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical course and radiographic resolution of pneumonia in dogs treated with a shorter versus longer course of antimicrobials: a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled study.","authors":"Erica L Reineke, Megan E McClosky, Katie D Mauro, Adam Schlax, Kathryn M McGonigle, Heather Scavello, Stephen D Cole, Laurel E Redding","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.04.0259","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.24.04.0259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe clinical and radiographic outcomes in dogs with uncomplicated pneumonia receiving a shorter (2-week) versus longer (4-week) duration of antimicrobial therapy.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>30 client-owned dogs with radiographic evidence of pneumonia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dogs were randomly assigned to either a 2-week course of antimicrobials followed by a 2-week course of placebo medication (2-week group) or a 4-week course of antimicrobials (4-week group). All study investigators and owners were masked to the treatment group. Dogs were reevaluated at 12 ± 2 days and again at 28 ± 2 days for a physical examination and thoracic radiography. Standard documentation at visits included owner-reported clinical signs, nurse-acquired history, the clinician's physical examination, the number of affected lung lobe segments, and the global radiographic severity scores assigned. Outcomes investigated included the persistence of clinical and radiographic signs of pneumonia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>28 dogs (93.3%) experienced complete resolution of clinical signs by the first visit, and no dogs in either group experienced relapse of clinical signs during the study period. Eighteen of 30 dogs (60%) and 25 of 30 dogs (83%) experienced complete resolution of radiographic lesions at the first and second study visits, respectively. The remaining 5 dogs (17%) had either stable (4 dogs) or continued (1 dog) improvement in radiographic lesions.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Resolution of clinical and radiographic signs followed similar courses in dogs with uncomplicated pneumonia receiving a 2-week course of antimicrobials compared to a 4-week course. Clinical signs may be more useful for guiding discontinuation of antimicrobial therapy for pneumonia than radiographic signs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"47-53"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computed tomographic findings of nasal and paranasal disease in domestic rabbits highlight maxillary sinusitis and close association with dental disease: 100 studies (2004-2024).","authors":"Nicole Mikoni, David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman, Hugues Beaufrère, Kathryn Phillips","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.05.0330","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.24.05.0330","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe CT findings and epidemiologic features of nasal and paranasal disease of rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An electronic search was performed for rabbits that underwent skull CT from 2004 to 2024 and had findings consistent with nasal/paranasal or maxillary dental disease. History, signalment, and physical examination findings were recorded and reevaluated retrospectively for evidence of changes to the nasal passages, paranasal sinuses, and nearby associated anatomy. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, ordinal mixed logistic regression, and correlation analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>100 studies from 69 rabbits were reviewed. Lop-eared rabbits represented 30 of 69 cases. Upper respiratory signs (48 of 69 [69.6%]) and dental-related disorders (21 of 69 [31.9%]) were primary complaints. Rhinitis (49 of 69 [71.0%]), sinusitis (50 of 69 [72.5%]), and both (40 of 69 [60.0%]) were most diagnosed, with turbinate destruction (48 of 69 [69.6%]) and alveolar bone loss of adjacent teeth (51 of 69 [73.9%]) being common findings. Sinusitis was most common in the ventral (48 of 50 [96.0%]) and dorsal (33 of 50 [66.0%]) recesses of the maxillary sinus. Multiple CT variables were significantly correlated (P < .05); of those, maxillary alveolar bone loss of the incisor teeth and the second premolar tooth were, respectively, correlated with rhinitis grade and with sinusitis and sinusitis grade within the ventral recess of the maxillary sinus (P < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Computed tomographic evaluation allowed characterization of nasal and paranasal disease in rabbits and the association of rhinitis, sinusitis, and dental disease.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The correlation between the maxillary dentition, rhinitis, and sinusitis highlights the need for thorough evaluation in CT of the teeth in rabbits with upper respiratory signs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"90-99"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Borrelia burgdorferi with nuchal bursitis and elevated outer surface protein A-specific serum antibodies in horses of the northeastern United States.","authors":"Erin K Pearson, Cassandra Guarino, Marta Cercone, Thomas Divers, Jenna Lambert, José García-López, Amy L Johnson, Julie B Engiles, Richard Marconi, Jade Smith, Kara Brown, Toby Pinn-Woodcock","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.05.0312","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.24.05.0312","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Evaluate the incidence of Borrelia burgdorferi in cases of equine nuchal bursitis (NB) and investigate the relationship between elevated serum outer surface protein A (OspA) antibodies and the molecular identification of B burgdorferi in bursal tissue or synovial fluid. Additionally, describe clinical cases and compare the histologic changes in NB with and without detection of B burgdorferi.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective multicenter cohort study (2013 to 2022). Medical records from horses with a diagnosis of NB and B burgdorferi PCR testing on NB tissue or synovial fluid were reviewed. The study population included 11 horses with a postmortem diagnosis of NB, 19 horses from the northeastern US with an antemortem diagnosis of B burgdorferi PCR-positive NB, and 15 healthy controls without evidence of NB and unvaccinated for B burgdorferi. Where serum was available, Lyme multiplex assay results were compared with controls and ELISAs targeting individual B burgdorferi antigens were performed. Histologic findings in nuchal bursa tissue were compared between NB cases with and without B burgdorferi PCR detection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Serum OspA antibody values in B burgdorferi-positive NB cases (n = 13) were significantly elevated (P < .001) compared to controls (15), and OspA was the predominant antigen detected by ELISA (8). Histopathology did not vary between NB cases with (n = 9) and without (6) B burgdorferi PCR detection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The presence of B burgdorferi in the nuchal bursa of horses is associated with increased serum OspA antibodies.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The role of B burgdorferi in equine NB may be underestimated, and targeted therapy requires investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1476-1484"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142145662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voluntary head dunking after exercise-induced hyperthermia rapidly reduces core body temperature in dogs.","authors":"Sara C Parnes, Amritha Mallikarjun, Meghan T Ramos, Tina R Capparell, Cynthia M Otto","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.06.0368","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.24.06.0368","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate field-applicable cooling methods for treatment of exercise-induced hyperthermia in dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this randomized, crossover study from June 27, 2023, to July 24, 2023, 12 working dogs exercised for 10 minutes until core body temperature reached 40.6 °C or above or ≥ 2 signs of heat stress were observed. Four different cooling protocols were evaluated: (1) neck chemical ice packs (2), (2) a wet (22 °C) neck towel, (3) wet (22 °C) axillae towels, or (4) voluntary head immersion (\"dunking\") into (22 °C) water. After intervention, dogs rested and were monitored for 40 minutes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The dunking protocol, which included limited water ingestion, produced the lowest mean core temperature in the initial 5 minutes after exercise, in the subsequent 35 minutes during which dogs cooled to baseline temperature and was the only protocol to prevent the initial postexercise temperature rise. All methods resulted in return to baseline temperature.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Trained voluntary head dunk with limited water ingestion results in rapid cooling in field situations of exercise-induced hyperthermia in dogs with normal mental status and ability to pause panting.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>\"Cool first, transport second\" reduces morbidity and mortality of acute heat injury. When whole-body water immersion is not an option, the trained voluntary head dunk in mentally appropriate dogs prevents postexercise rise and rapidly reduces core body temperature within the first 5 minutes. Alternatively, allowing the dog to drink controlled amounts of cool water and pouring water on the dog's head may provide some benefit but warrants further study.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1613-1621"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142287422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Celebrating Peer Review Week.","authors":"Mark Rishniw","doi":"10.2460/javma.262.9.1148","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.262.9.1148","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":"262 9","pages":"1148-1149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141995741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ready day one: revised curriculum approved for the University of Wisconsin School of Veterinary Medicine.","authors":"Jonathan M Levine","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.07.0449","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.24.07.0449","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":"262 9","pages":"1270"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141995746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parasternal thoracotomy via sternocostal disarticulation: a novel surgical approach to the canine thorax.","authors":"Ana K Weiland, Jennifer Howard, Ardalan Moussavi, W Wesley Kimberlin, Mark Anderson","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.04.0237","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.24.04.0237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the technique and outcomes of a modified paramedian thoracic approach in dogs involving a parasternal thoracotomy via rib disarticulation at the sternocostal joint.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>93 client-owned dogs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records of dogs that underwent parasternal thoracotomy at a private practice between the years 2015 and 2021 were reviewed. Signalment, weight, clinical presentation, surgical details, complications, and short-term outcomes were recorded. Cox proportional hazards regression models were utilized to analyze the impact of covariates on hazard events. Kaplan-Meier curves were employed to evaluate survival functions for select variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Parasternal thoracotomy via sternocostal disarticulation was performed in 93 dogs. Eighty-eight dogs (94.6%) survived the procedure. Eighty-three dogs (89.2%) survived to discharge from the hospital. Age, weight, postoperative time to eating, postoperative ambulation, and surgical or anesthetic duration were not significantly associated with survival to discharge. Thoracostomy tube duration significantly decreased the likelihood for survival to discharge; for each additional hour of thoracostomy tube placement, the odds of survival to discharge diminished by 5.7% (hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.912 to 0.976).</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Parasternal thoracotomy via rib disarticulation at the sternocostal joints may be a viable alternative to median sternotomy that does not require specialized equipment for bilateral hemithoracic visualization. Postoperative complications and short-term outcomes are comparable to those reported for the traditional median sternotomy approach. Prolonged thoracostomy tube duration may impact survival to discharge.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1666-1675"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142046678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From theory to therapy: a One Health approach guides current and future acid suppressant use in veterinary medicine.","authors":"Kylie Grady, Emily Gould, M Katherine Tolbert","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.07.0434","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.24.07.0434","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acid-suppressant drugs (ASDs) have revolutionized the treatment of acid-related disorders such as gastroesophageal reflux and gastrointestinal ulceration in both human and veterinary species. However, continued advancement in this field is dependent on a shared understanding of both human and veterinary research as well as an appreciation for species similarities and differences. In this Currents in One Health article, we will compare the efficacy of and indications for ASDs in humans and small animals, noting species differences and knowledge gaps when applicable. We will also highlight areas where further research is needed, specifically emphasizing the need for more feline research and a better understanding of which diseases may benefit from gastroprotection. Finally, given the rising overuse of ASDs in both human and veterinary medicine, we will explore the known adverse effects of these drugs in dogs and cats. This article is focused on our current understanding of these drugs in veterinary medicine and their clinical implications. The companion Currents in One Health article by Gould et al, AJVR, October 2024, will explore the future of ASD research and use by evaluating these drugs' pH-independent effects in humans and rodent models.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1305-1313"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142017456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Velagliflozin, a once-daily, liquid, oral SGLT2 inhibitor, is effective as a stand-alone therapy for feline diabetes mellitus: the SENSATION study.","authors":"Ellen N Behrend, Cynthia R Ward, Victor Chukwu, Audrey K Cook, Carla Kroh, Patty Lathan, Jacky May, Thomas Schermerhorn, J Catharine Scott-Moncrieff, Rebecca Voth","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.03.0174","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.24.03.0174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate safety and effectiveness of velagliflozin oral solution as sole therapy in naïve and previously insulin-treated diabetic cats.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>252 client-owned cats receiving ≥ 2 doses of velagliflozin; 214 (85%) naïve diabetics and 38 (15%) insulin-treated diabetics.</p><p><strong>Procedures: </strong>Prospective, baseline-controlled, open-label clinical field trial. Cats received velagliflozin orally, once daily. Physical examinations and blood collections were performed days 0, 3, 7, 30, 60, 120, and 180.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data are median (range). Screening blood glucose (BG) was 436 mg/dL (272 to 676 mg/dL). On days 30, 60, 120, and 180, single BG after receiving velagliflozin was 153 mg/dL (62 to 480 mg/dL), 134 mg/dL (64 to 414 mg/dL), 128 mg/dL (55 to 461 mg/dL), and 125 mg/dL (77 to 384 mg/dL), respectively. Screening fructosamine was 538 µmol/L (375 to 794 µmol/L). On the same recheck days, fructosamine was 310 µmol/L (204 to 609 µmol/L), 286 µmol/L (175 to 531 µmol/L), 269 µmol/L (189 to 575 µmol/L), and 263 µmol/L (203 to 620 µmol/L). At day 180, 81% of 158 cats remaining had BG and/or fructosamine within reference ranges; 88.6% (124 of 140) and 87.7% (121 of 138) showed improvement in polyuria and polydipsia, respectively. Ketonuria developed in 35 cats (13.9%), including 18 (7.1%) that had ketoacidosis. Ketoacidosis was less common in naïve diabetic cats (11 of 214 [5.1%]) compared to insulin-treated diabetic cats (7 of 38 [18.4%]). At ketoacidosis diagnosis, 14 of 18 cats (77.8%) were euglycemic (ie, BG < 250 mg/dL). Most episodes of ketosis or ketoacidosis (30 of 35 [85.7%]) occurred within the first 14 days of treatment. Insulin-treated diabetic cats were less likely to complete the trial. No clinical hypoglycemia occurred.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Velagliflozin improved glycemic parameters and clinical signs in diabetic cats. Velagliflozin provides an alternative to insulin as a stand-alone treatment of diabetic cats.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1343-1353"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141982319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}