Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association最新文献

{"title":"Lizard anesthesia-a retrospective study of anesthetic protocol and monitoring quality of anesthetic episodes at a veterinary hospital over 23 years (2000-2023).","authors":"Braxton T Gise, Chloe J Thorbrogger, Ashley M Rasys, Jane E Quandt, Stephen J Divers","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.11.0728","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.24.11.0728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study's aim was to summarize the anesthetic events of lizards seen at a university hospital, identify challenges with record-keeping, and assess anesthesia-related mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From October 2000 through January 2023, medical records of lizards that underwent general anesthesia were reviewed. Cases with complete anesthesia records were used to assess anesthetic parameters. Collected data included general patient details, diagnosis, procedures, premedication, induction, maintenance, monitoring, and recovery. The recorded duration of each of these periods, when documented, was reported for each patient, alongside what drug protocols were utilized and compiled to give an overarching view of trends in anesthesia at the hospital. The times were also analyzed to assess whether any drug/protocol led to more negative outcomes or prolonged anesthetic duration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 104 anesthetic events were performed. Ninety-nine cases had detailed reports available for analysis. A records review identified issues that frequently resulted in poor record management and highlighted the most used anesthetic agents. For premedications, alfaxalone, butorphanol, midazolam, and hydromorphone were common. During induction, alfaxalone or propofol was the most common. For maintenance, isoflurane and sevoflurane were comparable, while alfaxalone was favored for noninhalants. Of the 99 cases analyzed, 95 recovered, 3 were euthanatized due to poor prognosis, and 1 failed to recover; the 1 that failed to recover had significant underlying disease identified.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The trend of maintenance alfaxalone constant rate infusions replacing inhalants is the major development. The records for anesthesia have improved over time, with the exception of anesthesia time records. It is recommended to implement an automated system that records vitals intermittently alongside implementation of an updated anesthesia sheet with areas dedicated to common research values.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>General anesthesia can be reliably and safely undertaken in lizards without severe pre-existing disease. Efforts should focus on identifying preexisting disease, creating uniform systems for assessing anesthetic stages, and limiting record-keeping variance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144063880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corneal rupture in a 19-year-old Quarter Horse mare.","authors":"C Robert Stilz, Rachel I Wright, Kathern E Myrna, K Paige Carmichael","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.02.0078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.02.0078","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144006102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Similar performance between modified retrobulbar and ultrasound-guided Peterson nerve blocks using computed tomography in bovine cadavers.","authors":"Jenna E Bayne, Robert C Cole","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.02.0082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.25.02.0082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Description and performance of an ultrasound-guided Peterson (UP) block technique were compared to those of a conventional modified retrobulbar (RB) nerve block in bovine cadaver heads by use of CT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was an original descriptive study using 10 normal orbits from 5 bovid cadavers between April 17 and 23, 2024. Standardized techniques for the modified RB and UP blocks were utilized, with each technique randomly performed on either orbit of each head. Blocks were performed with 9-cm, 18-gauge spinal needles and iopamidol as a contrast solution. Ultrasound guidance involved the use of a 12-MHz linear transducer, and subsequent imaging of contrast distribution was performed with a GE Lightspeed 16-slice CT scanner.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Contrast deposition within the intraconal space was observed in 5 of 5 RB blocks and 5 of 5 UP blocks. No extraconal contrast deposition was observed in either block technique. Extension of contrast in close association with the optic nerve to the level of orbital foramen was observed in 5 of 5 RB orbits and 5 of 5 UP orbits. Extension of the contrast to the level of the foramen orbitorotundum was seen in 5 of 5 RB orbits and 3 of 5 UP orbits. Correct needle placement was observed in 5 of 5 UP orbits and confirmed on CT images.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The RB and UP blocks performed similarly, demonstrating similar intraconal distribution of contrast medium and no inadvertent distribution to unintended anatomical locations.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>The performance of the ultrasound-guided technique in live cattle and ability to successfully achieve adequate blockade need further study.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Description of clinical findings, diagnosis, and treatment of congestive heart failure in 13 goats.","authors":"Megan Palmisano, JoAnn Slack, Claire Underwood","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.08.0560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.08.0560","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Congestive heart failure (CHF) in goats is rarely described. This case series aimed to describe the presenting complaints, clinical findings, treatment, and outcome of goats diagnosed with CHF.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>13 goats diagnosed with CHF from 2008 to 2022 admitted to a tertiary referral center.</p><p><strong>Clinical presentation: </strong>8 goats had primary cardiac disease, and 5 had secondary causes of heart failure. None of the goats diagnosed with CHF were initially presented for cardiovascular disease. The predominant physical examination finding was tachycardia (HR, > 100 beats/min; median, 130 beats/min; range, 80 to 190 beats/min; n = 12), with a normal cardiac rhythm (12). Other common findings included effusion, edema, and venous congestion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Common clinicopathologic findings included elevated plasma GGT enzyme activity (median, 139 U/L; range, 69 to 792 U/L; n = 11) and a normal total solids concentration (median, 6.4 g/dL; range, 4.2 to 8.6 g/dL; 11). Imaging findings included the presence of effusion in at least 1 cavity for all goats. Seven goats were treated with cardiac-targeted therapies including β-blockers (n = 2), digoxin (3), benazepril (1), and furosemide (5). One goat diagnosed with atrial fibrillation underwent successful transcutaneous electrical cardioversion for treatment of the arrhythmia. Three of the 7 goats (43%) treated with cardiac-targeted therapy survived to discharge, 1 goat was referred for radiation, and 9 of the 13 goats did not survive to discharge.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Congestive heart failure should be considered in goats presenting with tachycardia, effusions with a normal peripheral total solids concentration, and elevated GGT plasma activity. Although CHF offers a poor prognosis based on the cases in this series, management of CHF is possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144009762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in pain and trauma caused by common sampling devices used in the United States for Tritrichomonas foetus testing in bulls.","authors":"Jennifer H Koziol, Blaine Johnson, Chance Armstrong, Stephanie Myers","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.10.0681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.10.0681","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy, pain response, and potential epithelial trauma of 3 devices (an equine infusion/insemination pipette, the Pizzle Stick, and the Trichit) used for sampling bulls naturally infected with Tritrichomonas foetus in the US.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study occurred between March 2023 and May 2024. Twelve bulls naturally infected with T foetus were sampled with the use of a Latin square design. Three devices were used to collect preputial samples, analyzed via reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR for diagnostic accuracy. Pain responses were scored by 2 veterinarians. The penis and prepuce of each bull were examined for epithelial trauma 24 hours after sampling. Histologic evaluation of biopsy samples from the penis and prepuce of 8 bulls was conducted after euthanasia to assess cellular damage.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All devices provided comparable diagnostic accuracy. Pain scores differed significantly, with the Pizzle Stick causing the least pain and the Trichit causing the most. Epithelial trauma did not show statistical differences between devices, though some trauma was noted, particularly with the equine insemination pipette. Histologic analysis revealed epithelial hyperplasia of the penis and prepuce, unrelated to any device.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While all devices effectively diagnosed T foetus, the Pizzle Stick demonstrated the most favorable pain scores, making it the recommended option for reducing discomfort and minimizing risk to both animals and veterinarians.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Veterinarians have multiple diagnostic sampling methods for T foetus. The Pizzle Stick's lower pain score makes it the best choice, balancing animal welfare and diagnostic efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143983914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marked lymphadenomegaly in a 4-month-old Yorkshire gilt.","authors":"Ahmadreza Mirzaei, Ian Hawkins, Nicole Glenn, Brittany N Diehl","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.11.0733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.11.0733","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143788340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outpatient gastrointestinal foreign body surgeries performed in a nonspecialized setting have good outcomes for dogs and cats.","authors":"Arik Smith, Dylan Whitaker, Delaney McGrath, Sylvia M Lesnikowski, Margaret R Slater","doi":"10.2460/javma.25.02.0067","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.25.02.0067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the survival rate and prognostic indicators for outpatient gastrointestinal foreign body (GIFB) surgeries performed on dogs and cats in a nonspecialized setting focused on the spectrum of care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Electronic medical records were searched for dogs and cats undergoing GIFB surgery from July 13, 2022, to August 28, 2023. Variables of interest were compared across 3 groups: patients euthanized intraoperatively and those that survived ≥ 2 weeks postoperatively (survivors) or died < 2 weeks postoperatively (nonsurvivors). For patients without a postoperative recheck, a phone survey was conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>102 dogs and 40 cats received GIFB surgery. The 2-week survival rate for dogs was 95% (80/84), not including 11 euthanized intraoperatively and 7 lost to follow-up. The 2-week survival rate for cats was 91% (29/32), not including 2 euthanized intraoperatively and 6 lost to follow-up. Higher preoperative albumin, creatinine, and BUN or intestinal perforations identified intraoperatively were associated with decreased survival in dogs. Perforations were associated with intraoperative euthanasia in cats, but other parameters did not differ significantly. Of 20 respondents surveyed regarding outpatient recovery, reported issues included anorexia (5/20) and diarrhea (2/20), none of which required additional care. Only 2/20 felt burdened by outpatient care, and all reported that they would have the outpatient procedure performed again if needed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In a nonspecialized setting, the survival rate was high for outpatient GIFB surgeries and comparable to reported inpatient survival.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>General practices should consider offering these outpatient surgeries as part of the spectrum of care.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic resistance in equine dermatology: what should we do?","authors":"Rosanna Marsella","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.11.0732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2460/javma.24.11.0732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antibiotic resistance is a growing concern worldwide and across species. This is especially important in horses with skin infections, as many of them are infected with Staphylococcus aureus, which can also colonize people. An increasing body of literature has documented colonization of horses with methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) and transmission of MRSA between horses and veterinarians and vice versa. Colonization with MRSA does not always result in disease but has a potential impact on other horses, owners, handlers, and especially veterinarians. The WHO has published criteria to determine which antibiotics are critically important for people and ranked their level of priority. Increased pressure has been placed on the veterinary profession to limit antibiotic use to minimize selection for resistance, which can have an impact on human health. Horses have few approved antibiotics, and some of the injectables are third-generation cephalosporins, which belong to the critically important category. Due to the potential risk of transmission of resistant bacteria between horses and people, it is critical for veterinarians to change the approach toward antibiotics use and practice responsible antibiotic stewardship. To minimize antibiotic resistance, we should try to prevent infections in the first place by addressing the underlying disease. Once skin infections are present, it is important to use appropriate topical antimicrobial therapy, minimize the use of systemic antibiotics, practice proper hygiene, and educate owners about long-term management.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Copper and manganese levels are associated with infectious abortions, stillbirths, and early neonatal deaths in upper Midwest beef cattle herds.","authors":"Heather Mitchell, Heidi L Pecoraro, Brett T Webb, Bong-Jin Choi, Chamari Idamawatta, Michelle S Mostrom, Quynn P Steichen, Karl Hoppe","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.12.0801","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.24.12.0801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To determine the incidence of select mineral and vitamin deficiencies in beef cattle abortions, stillbirths, and neonates less than 24 hours old and to evaluate whether nutrient deficiencies are associated with causes of abortion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study of abortion cases from laboratory-performed necropsies and field-collected tissues submitted to the North Dakota State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory over a 5-year period was conducted. Abortion investigations included gross and microscopic examinations, bacterial and fungal cultures, PCR assays, and quantitative analysis of the liver for copper, manganese, zinc, iron, selenium, cobalt, vitamin A, and vitamin E. Fisher exact tests, χ2 tests, and logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate associations between minerals and vitamins and causes of abortion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 251 animals, 34% of abortion cases were attributable to a known cause. All but 4 animals were late gestational or full term. There was no sex predilection. When evaluated independently, minerals and vitamins were not associated with whether the cause of abortion was known. However, using logistic regression with mineral concentration (wet weight), there was an increased risk of infectious abortion with lower levels of fetal liver copper and higher levels of fetal liver manganese.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Copper and manganese levels are associated with infectious abortions, stillbirths, and neonatal deaths within 24 hours of birth in upper Midwest beef cattle herds. Incorporating liver trace mineral analysis into abortion investigations is crucial for a comprehensive diagnostic strategy.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Practitioners should consider the impact of mineral status when evaluating the cause of abortion in beef cattle.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"S65-S70"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12085280/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143742944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photobiomodulation with fluorescent light energy as a sole treatment of pyotraumatic dermatitis (hot spot): a case series.","authors":"Luca Luciani, Andrea Marchegiani","doi":"10.2460/javma.24.12.0820","DOIUrl":"10.2460/javma.24.12.0820","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To describe the therapeutical effect of fluorescent light energy (FLE) in managing pyotraumatic dermatitis in 8 dogs.</p><p><strong>Animals: </strong>8 dogs.</p><p><strong>Clinical presentation: </strong>8 owned dogs between 2 and 8 years old with clinical signs and acute onset of naïve, not already treated pyotraumatic dermatitis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All the patients achieved resolution of the lesions within a maximum of 2 weekly FLE sessions (back-to-back protocol) as the sole therapeutical approach. Follow-up information was available for at least 1 month after resolution, and none of the dogs had recurrence of pruritus or dermatitis in the same treated area.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>Pyotraumatic dermatitis is a common skin condition affecting particularly allergic dogs, and its severity can vary depending on the time of presentation, lesion extension, and bacterial complication. This is the first case series describing successful management of pyotraumatic dermatitis through FLE treatment alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":14658,"journal":{"name":"Javma-journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}