Iranian Journal of Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Resistance profiles of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> isolates against frequently used antibiotics at private sector laboratories in Jordan.","authors":"Rania Al-Groom, Ghina Al-Saraireh, Sultan Ayesh Mohammed Saghir, Mohd Sajjad Ahmad Khan, Areej M Almanaseer, Laila Alswalha, Wesal Alraei, Dalia Abu Al-Haijaa, Maha Hdaib, Anas Da'meh, Shereen Z Burjaq, Omar Al-Dmour, Fuad Alhawarat","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v17i2.18382","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v17i2.18382","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong><i>Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)</i> is one of the most important pathogens, responsible for a range of infections. This study aimed to assess resistance patterns in <i>S. aureus</i> isolates obtained from certain private-sector laboratories against commonly used antimicrobial agents.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The process involved collecting various samples from several private laboratories and then identifying <i>S. aureus</i> isolates using biochemical characterization. The antibiotic susceptibility of these isolates was determined by disc diffusion method. Furthermore, Rt-PCR was employed to identify two genes namely the methicillin/oxacillin resistance genes (<i>mecA</i>), and (<i>SCCmec</i>).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings of the current study exhibited that females constituted a larger proportion of the participants (59.1%) compared to males (40.9%), with a mean participant age of 40.82 years. Gram-positive bacteria were more prevalent (71.3%) than Gram-negative bacteria (18.3%), with <i>S. aureus</i> being the most frequent isolate (60.9%). Urine samples represented the highest collected sample type (47.8%). Out of the 115 bacterial isolates, 85.2% exhibited multidrug resistance to antibiotics such as cefazolin, gentamicin, vancomycin, and ceftazidime. Clindamycin was the most effective antibiotic, with a sensitivity rate of 62.9%, followed by teicoplanin and meropenem, each with a sensitivity rate of 52.9%. Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) strains were susceptabile to vancomycin and teicoplanin. The methicillin/oxacillin resistant isolates showed significant association with <i>mecA</i> and <i>SCCA</i> genes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlighted the multi-drug resistance in <i>S. aureus</i> isolates, stressing the need for stringent antibiotic stewardship, continuous surveillance, and further research into alternative treatments, including novel antibiotics and combination therapy, to combat resistant strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"17 2","pages":"229-238"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12053391/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143990866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activity of cefiderocol on extensively drug-resistant <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> from burn wound infections in Mansoura, Egypt.","authors":"Rasha El-Mahdy, Ahmed Mostafa, Nora El-Tantawy, Raghdaa Shrief","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v17i2.18384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v17i2.18384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Increased <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> antibiotic resistance limits treatment options and is associated with a higher level of mortality and mordacity. The purpose of this research was to identify class 1 and 2 integrons, carbapenemase, <i>SHV</i>, and <i>TEM</i> genes in extensively drug-resistant (XDR) <i>P. aeruginosa</i> isolated from infected burns and evaluate their in vitro cefiderocol activity.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>By using the disc diffusion method, the antimicrobial susceptibility of 110 <i>P. aeruginosa</i> isolates collected from infected burns were evaluated. XDR <i>P. aeruginosa</i> were screened phenotypically for carbapenemase and extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) production. Both MIC Test Strip and disc diffusion were employed to test the cefiderocol susceptibility. PCR was used to assess carbapenemase, <i>SHV</i> and <i>TEM</i> genes and integrons class 1 and 2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From the 110 <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, 54 isolates (49%) were XDR. TEM gene was detected in 35 isolates. Among XDR isolates, carbapenemase genes were detected in 31.5%, with <i>NDM</i> being predominant Thirty XDR isolates had class1 integrons. All isolates were sensitive to cefiderocol and its MIC₅₀/MIC₉₀ was 0.5/1.5mg/L (range 0.064-1.5mg/L).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Nearly half the <i>P. aeruginosa</i> isolates from burn infections were extensively drug-resistant. Cefiderocol's in vitro activity demonstrated that it is a promising therapy alternative for treating extensively drug-resistant <i>P. aeruginosa</i> in burn patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"17 2","pages":"246-252"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Onychomycosis among cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in Tehran, Iran: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Fatemeh Fathi, Farhad Shahi, Alireza Khosravi, Zahra Saffarian, Nader Safarian, Mir Saeed Yekaninejad, Zoha Shaka","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v17i2.18392","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v17i2.18392","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Due to the persistence of residual fungal elements, onychomycosis tends to have a high recurrence rate. It is essential to determine the etiology and frequency of onychomycosis across various factors. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of onychomycosis and identify its fungal agents in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted on cancer patients attending the Oncology Clinic and Cancer Institute of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Among the 165 patients meeting the inclusion criteria, 75 individuals with nail alterations were referred to a dermatologist. Each patient's information, including demographics, disease-related data, and details about nail involvement, was recorded. When onychomycosis was suspected, nail samples were collected from the deepest part and examined using a light microscope after clarifying with 15% potassium hydroxide (KOH) to detect fungal elements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of onychomycosis was 37.6% (n=62). Among the 75 patients with nail alterations and suspected onychomycosis, 17.3% (n=13) tested negative for pathogenic agents. The most common pathogen was <i>Candida albicans,</i> present in 21% (13/62) of patients with positive onychomycosis. The prevailing nail alteration was onycholysis, affecting 45.3% (34/75) of patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Onychomycosis exhibits associations with variables such as gender, age, cancer and chemotherapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"17 2","pages":"321-327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12053418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144010315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of oleuropein on <i>Candida albicans</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> adhesion and its mediated toxicity in Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) embryos.","authors":"Samira Karzani, Aghil Sharifzadeh, Bahar Nayeri-Fasaei, Ali Reza Khosravi, Jalal Hassan, Aram Sharifi, Ali Pourshaban Shahrestani","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v17i2.18390","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v17i2.18390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The rising prevalence of antibiotic resistance and biofilm-associated infections poses significant challenges in clinical settings. This study investigates the antimicrobial and anti-adhesive properties of oleuropein, a compound derived from olive leaves, against <i>Candida albicans</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus.</i></p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study was conducted on <i>Candida albicans</i> (fluconazole-resistant/susceptible) and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (methicillin-resistant/susceptible). The antifungal, antibacterial, anti-adhesion, and cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) effects of oleuropein were evaluated. The impact of oleuropein on germ tube formation (GTF) in <i>C. albicans</i> was assessed. Finally, the toxicity of oleuropein was evaluated in zebrafish embryos.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Oleuropein exhibited MIC values of 10 mg/ml for <i>C. albicans</i> and 5 mg/ml for <i>S. aureus</i>. It significantly (P< 0.05) reduced the adhesion of both microorganisms in a dose-dependent manner, with inhibition percentages of 78.43% and 75.91% for <i>C. albicans</i> and <i>S. aureus</i>, respectively. Additionally, oleuropein reduced the CSH of <i>C. albicans</i>, indicating its potential to interfere with adhesion mechanisms. In addition, oleuropein exhibited inhibition of GTF in <i>C. albicans.</i></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Oleuropein demonstrates significant antimicrobial and anti-adhesive properties against <i>C. albicans</i> and <i>S. aureus,</i> indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent for preventing biofilm-related infections. However, careful dosage management is crucial due to its observed toxicity at higher concentrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"17 2","pages":"312-320"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12053420/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144020921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evaluation of antimicrobial resistance rates in infections caused by uropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> strains collected from the south of Lebanon.","authors":"Sajida Chreim, Seyed Masoud Hosseini, Abdallah Medlej, Mahdi Tarhini","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v17i2.18386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v17i2.18386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Uropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (UPEC) is a leading cause of urinary tract infections, which are a significant public health concern worldwide. Antibiotic resistance among UPEC isolates is an increasing challenge, necessitating a better understanding of the resistance patterns and underlying genetic mechanisms. This study examined the prevalence of antibiotic resistance phenotypes and the detection of specific resistance genes among patients with UPEC infections in Sheikh Ragheb Harb University Hospital in south Lebanon.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance phenotype of 104 urine samples was tested to determine the resistance percentages for various antibiotics including ampicillin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, bactrim, meropenem, and imipenem using disk diffusion test. Additionally, molecular analysis like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect the presence of <i>bla</i> _SHV, <i>qnrA, tetA, dfrA1, aac3, bla</i> _OXA and <i>bla</i> _IMP resistance genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The antimicrobial resistance testing revealed the following resistance percentages for various antibiotics: ampicillin (100%), gentamicin (15.38%), ciprofloxacin (34.61%), tetracycline (48.07%), bactrim (17.3%), meropenem (0.96%) and imipenem (0.96%). The analysis of resistance genes showed the presence of <i>bla</i> _SHV (7.96%), <i>qnrA</i> (0.96%), <i>tetA</i> (20.19%), and <i>dfrA1</i> (0.96%) genes, while the <i>aac3, bla</i> _OXA, and <i>bla</i> _IMP genes were not detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The high rates of antibiotic resistance observed, particularly to ampicillin and tetracycline, highlight the need for more judicious antibiotic use and the development of alternative treatment strategies to combat UPEC infections. These results can inform antimicrobial stewardship programs and guide the selection of appropriate empiric therapy for urinary tract infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"17 2","pages":"261-267"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evaluation of antimicrobial resistance rates in infections caused by uropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> strains collected from the south of Lebanon.","authors":"Sajida Chreim, Seyed Masoud Hosseini, Abdallah Medlej, Mahdi Tarhini","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v17i2.18386","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v17i2.18386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Uropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (UPEC) is a leading cause of urinary tract infections, which are a significant public health concern worldwide. Antibiotic resistance among UPEC isolates is an increasing challenge, necessitating a better understanding of the resistance patterns and underlying genetic mechanisms. This study examined the prevalence of antibiotic resistance phenotypes and the detection of specific resistance genes among patients with UPEC infections in Sheikh Ragheb Harb University Hospital in south Lebanon.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance phenotype of 104 urine samples was tested to determine the resistance percentages for various antibiotics including ampicillin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, bactrim, meropenem, and imipenem using disk diffusion test. Additionally, molecular analysis like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect the presence of <i>bla</i> _SHV, <i>qnrA, tetA, dfrA1, aac3, bla</i> _OXA and <i>bla</i> _IMP resistance genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The antimicrobial resistance testing revealed the following resistance percentages for various antibiotics: ampicillin (100%), gentamicin (15.38%), ciprofloxacin (34.61%), tetracycline (48.07%), bactrim (17.3%), meropenem (0.96%) and imipenem (0.96%). The analysis of resistance genes showed the presence of <i>bla</i> _SHV (7.96%), <i>qnrA</i> (0.96%), <i>tetA</i> (20.19%), and <i>dfrA1</i> (0.96%) genes, while the <i>aac3, bla</i> _OXA, and <i>bla</i> _IMP genes were not detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The high rates of antibiotic resistance observed, particularly to ampicillin and tetracycline, highlight the need for more judicious antibiotic use and the development of alternative treatment strategies to combat UPEC infections. These results can inform antimicrobial stewardship programs and guide the selection of appropriate empiric therapy for urinary tract infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"17 2","pages":"261-267"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12053396/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143997143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and assessment of a multiplex real-time PCR method for simultaneous detection and differentiation of COVID-19 and Influenza A/B.","authors":"Nafiseh Fotros, Reihaneh Bashiri, Samira Mohammadi-Yeganeh, Mahdi Paryan","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v17i2.18381","DOIUrl":"10.18502/ijm.v17i2.18381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>Viral infections of the respiratory system are a major public problem due to their ease of spread, pandemic potential, and significant rate of death. Diagnosing these infections requires laboratory testing, as clinical symptoms alone are often insufficient. Influenza A, Influenza B, and COVID-19 are common infections that burden the population, especially during winter. We developed a multiplex real-time PCR method to simultaneously detect Influenza A and B, as well as COVID-19. Compared to existing detection kits, it offers higher accuracy, lower costs, and faster results, making it an efficient diagnostic tool.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We designed primer/TaqMan probes for the M2 gene of Influenza A, N gene of SARS-CoV-2, and NS1 gene of Influenza B. Reaction components were optimized and functional parameters were tested using standard samples with known viral copy numbers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The method's detection limit is 10 copies for Influenza A and B, and 60 for SARS-CoV-2. Sensitivity and specificity for Influenza A are 88% and 100%, for Influenza B, 95.6% and 100%, and for SARS-CoV-2, 90.4% and 100%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This multiplex real-time PCR method can accurately detect and distinguish SARS-CoV-2, Influenza B, and Influenza A infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"17 2","pages":"204-210"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12053414/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144017962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of oleuropein on <i>Candida albicans</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> adhesion and its mediated toxicity in Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) embryos.","authors":"Samira Karzani, Aghil Sharifzadeh, Bahar Nayeri-Fasaei, Ali Reza Khosravi, Jalal Hassan, Aram Sharifi, Ali Pourshaban Shahrestani","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v17i2.18390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v17i2.18390","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The rising prevalence of antibiotic resistance and biofilm-associated infections poses significant challenges in clinical settings. This study investigates the antimicrobial and anti-adhesive properties of oleuropein, a compound derived from olive leaves, against <i>Candida albicans</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus.</i></p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study was conducted on <i>Candida albicans</i> (fluconazole-resistant/susceptible) and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (methicillin-resistant/susceptible). The antifungal, antibacterial, anti-adhesion, and cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) effects of oleuropein were evaluated. The impact of oleuropein on germ tube formation (GTF) in <i>C. albicans</i> was assessed. Finally, the toxicity of oleuropein was evaluated in zebrafish embryos.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Oleuropein exhibited MIC values of 10 mg/ml for <i>C. albicans</i> and 5 mg/ml for <i>S. aureus</i>. It significantly (P< 0.05) reduced the adhesion of both microorganisms in a dose-dependent manner, with inhibition percentages of 78.43% and 75.91% for <i>C. albicans</i> and <i>S. aureus</i>, respectively. Additionally, oleuropein reduced the CSH of <i>C. albicans</i>, indicating its potential to interfere with adhesion mechanisms. In addition, oleuropein exhibited inhibition of GTF in <i>C. albicans.</i></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Oleuropein demonstrates significant antimicrobial and anti-adhesive properties against <i>C. albicans</i> and <i>S. aureus,</i> indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent for preventing biofilm-related infections. However, careful dosage management is crucial due to its observed toxicity at higher concentrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"17 2","pages":"312-320"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12053399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the antagonistic effect of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> toxins on azole antifungal resistance in <i>Candida albicans</i> species isolated from clinical samples in Iran.","authors":"Masoumeh Sadat Hosseini, Masoumeh Navidinia, Sima Sadat Seyedjavadi, Mehdi Goudarzi, Helia Rasouli, Amir Mohsen Mahdavian, Elina Rahimi Zamani","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v17i2.18395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v17i2.18395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>The azole antifungals are the most frequent class used to treat <i>Candida</i> infections. It is essential to elucidate the potential of natural compounds as an alternative in eliminating <i>Candida albicans (C. albicans).</i> Therefore, in the present study, the antagonistic effect of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> toxins on azole antifungal resistance in <i>C. albicans</i> species was investigated.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this study, 28 <i>C. albicans</i> species with azole antifungal resistance were obtained from patients at Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital. The effect of toxins, such as phenazine, pyocyanin, pyoverdine, and fluorescein, was examined on <i>C. albicans</i> species. The antifungal activity of these toxins against <i>C. albicans</i> spp. was determined using methods such as minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC ₉₀), radial diffusion assay (RDA), and detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of <i>C. albicans</i> strains in urinary catheters, surgical wounds, respiratory tracts, blood, and standard strains was 46.3%, 21.4%, 25%, 7.14%, and 3.57%, respectively. The MIC values were reported as 32 μg/ml for phenazine, and 128 μg/ml for pyoverdine, pyocyanin, and fluorescein. The results showed that phenazine exhibited higher inhibitory effects against <i>C. albicans</i> isolated from clinical samples compared to the other toxins. After exposure to phenazines (20 μg/ml), 65-70% of yeast cells of <i>C. albicans</i> spp. showed rhodamine 123 fluorescence, indicating high intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The antifungal effect of different toxins in <i>C. albicans</i> spp. may be due to ROS-mediated apoptotic death. The results suggest that phenazine has high potential in controlling <i>C. albicans</i>. This natural compounds are a potential alternative for eliminating this yeast.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"17 2","pages":"293-302"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144009948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into global transcriptomic profile of biofilm producing <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> clinical isolates from chronic foot ulcers.","authors":"Kumar Ebineshan, Aparna Srikantam, Michael Sukumar Pallapati","doi":"10.18502/ijm.v17i2.18394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18502/ijm.v17i2.18394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong><i>Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)</i> is one of the predominant biofilm producing pathogen in leprosy foot ulcer (LFU). The objective of this study was to identify the transcriptome profile through Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) approach in mature biofilm of leprosy foot ulcer isolate of <i>S. aureus.</i></p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2019 to May 2022 and a total of twenty-seven <i>S. aureus</i> isolates were collected from the foot ulcers of leprosy patients. All <i>S. aureus</i> isolates were screened for biofilm formation in vitro. Initially, two potential biofilm producing isolates and two planktonic cells were selected for transcriptome comparison.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>With reference to transcriptome profile, out of 2,842 genes, 2,688 genes in mature biofilm and 2,685 genes in planktonic cells were expressed. Among them, forty-five differentially expressed genes with 32 and 13 genes showing up and down regulation respectively were obtained.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The research emphasizes the need for continued exploration into the mechanisms of biofilm formation by <i>S. aureus</i>, particularly in the context of leprosy foot ulcers. Understanding these pathways not only aids in grasping the complexity of chronic infections but also paves the way for innovative therapeutic approaches aimed at mitigating biofilm-related complications in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":14633,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology","volume":"17 2","pages":"211-219"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}