Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology最新文献

{"title":"Epidemiology of Angina Bullosa Hemorrhagica: A Retrospective study.","authors":"Meenakshi Sachdeva, Pratik Kumar, Keshav Gupta","doi":"10.22038/ijorl.2024.71853.3442","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijorl.2024.71853.3442","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Angina Bullosa Hemorrhagica (ABH) is a rare condition characterized by hemorrhagic blisters and is often asymptomatic. These lesions appear more commonly in the oral cavity and oropharynx and are often misdiagnosed. A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed in clinically confirmed cases of ABH to study its epidemiology, etiology and presentation in a tertiary care hospital in Southern Asia.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Total of 8 patients of ABH were evaluated and included in the present study. All clinical data and track records were assessed by the medical records department. Cases were studied and results were interpreted. Results: Total of 8 cases were enrolled with male-to-female ratio of 0.6:1 and middle age as the most common age of presentation. Buccal mucosa was the most common site involved with average lesion size of 1.6 cm. Masticating trauma was the most common etiological risk factor. Majority patients were asymptomatic with spontaneous resolution of lesions in all the cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Due to smaller number of studies reported, the lesions of ABH remained poorly understood with uncertain etiology. The knowledge of characteristic clinical features of the lesion and pattern of spontaneous healing is of utmost importance as a lesion of ABH can share some features with other serious disorders, thereby delaying the diagnosis. A thorough clinical history and examination of the lesion should always be done to establish an accurate diagnosis. Due to its completely benign nature, proper counseling of the patients must be ensured for better patient compliance.</p>","PeriodicalId":14607,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"37 1","pages":"41-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11750637/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143028818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Obesity and Otitis Media with Effusion in Children.","authors":"Saleh Aghaei, Bijan Khademi, Mohammad Faramarzi, Amirhossein Babaei","doi":"10.22038/ijorl.2025.79859.3688","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijorl.2025.79859.3688","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a widespread condition affecting children globally. This study aimed to assess the relationship between obesity in pediatric populations and the risk of developing OME.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective observational study was performed in 2020 at Khalili and Dastgheib hospitals, affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in Shiraz, Iran. The study included all children aged 2 to 15 years with a confirmed OME diagnosis. Participants in the non-OME group were chosen from children who did not have OME.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 148 healthy individuals were included in the non-OME group, while the OME group comprised 110 patients. Statistical analysis revealed that the mean age (p=0.040), weight (p<0.001), height (p=0.024), BMI (p=0.023), and BMI percentile (p=0.023) were significantly greater in the OME group compared to the non-OME group. Additionally, there was a higher proportion of males in the OME group (63.6%) compared to the non-OME group (44.0%), with this difference being statistically significant (p=0.001). Logistic regression analysis indicated that factors such as older age (p=0.023), male gender (p=0.001), and elevated BMI percentile (p=0.004) were significantly associated with the presence of OME.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This research indicates that there is a correlation between obesity and a heightened risk of OME.</p>","PeriodicalId":14607,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"37 2","pages":"79-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11949430/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Intra-Operative Topical 5-Fluorouracil Post-Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Lekhaa Mohanraj, Somu Lakshmanan, Urvashi Singh","doi":"10.22038/ijorl.2025.80571.3709","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijorl.2025.80571.3709","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Endoscopic nasal surgery has numerous potential adverse effects, adhesions are at the top of the list. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which is an analogue of pyrimidine, is utilized in a wide variety of areas for the purpose of preventing adhesions. In the present investigation, our purpose was to analyze the impact of intra-operative application of 5-flurouracil in the nasal cavity following FESS, as well as to evaluate both subjective and objective outcomes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Following the acquisition of institutional ethical approval, a testing procedure that was randomized, prospective, and double-blinded was carried out. After the FESS, a cotton swab soaked in 1 mL of 5-flurouracil at 5 mg/mL was inserted in one side of the nasal cavity and a saline-soaked one in the other. Both of these swabs were kept in place for a period of five minutes. Postoperatively, patients were assessed over 6 months duration, wherein, adhesions, discharge, crustation, edema and polypoidal changes were analyzed. Subjective symptoms such as nasal block, nasal discharge and loss of smell were also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the one-week follow-up, the test group had a significantly higher incidence of adhesions (32% vs. 11.76%, respectively) (p = 0.004) than the control group. Mucosal edema, crusting, polypoidal change and nasal discharge continued to significantly diminish in both groups. Furthermore, improvement in smell perception in the test group at the 20th week post-operatively was statistically significant (p= 0.014).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Adhesions are less common in the early postoperative period in individuals who underwent FESS with or without polypectomy when 5-FU is administered topically. There is also an improvement in smell perception with a reduction of mucosal edema, crusting, polypoidal change and nasal discharge enabling better healing.</p>","PeriodicalId":14607,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"37 2","pages":"57-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11949431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143752725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Change in Voice Quality with Voice Therapy, Injection Laryngoplasty, and Medialization Thyroplasty.","authors":"Pushkaraj A Kulkarni, Anagha A Joshi, Gopishankar Subramaniasamy, Manish Prajapati, Renuka A Bradoo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP), voice therapy (VT), injection laryngoplasty (IL), and medialization thyroplasty (MT) are reported to produce significant improvement in voice quality (VQ). However, their long-term outcomes have not been sufficiently evaluated. We assessed the improvement in VQ with VT, IL, and MT over 12 months.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This prospective observational study involved 95 adult patients with UVFP, categorized into three groups: VT (n=55), IL (n=36), and MT (n=4). The VQ was assessed with voice handicap index (VHI), maximum phonation time (MPT), phonatory gap (PG), and breathy voice quality (BVQ) on Day 1, 15, 30, 90, 180, and 360.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the VT group, the decrease in PG, VHI score, and BVQ score was significant from Day 15, 30, and 30, respectively, while MPT increased significantly from Day 15 (p<0.05). In the MT group, similar changes were observed; however, these changes were significant from Day 1 (p<0.05). In both the groups, the lowest PG, VHI score, and BVQ score, and the highest MPT were attained on Day 360. In the IL group, PG, VHI score, and BVQ score decreased significantly, and MPT values increased significantly at every visit (p<0.05). However, PG, VHI score, and BVQ score started increasing and MPT started decreasing from Day 90, 15, 90, and 180, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All treatment modalities improved the VQ significantly, immediately with IL and MT, and gradually with VT. Moreover, the improvement was long-term with VT and MT, and of intermediate duration with IL.</p>","PeriodicalId":14607,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"37 3","pages":"115-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126205/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postural Stability: The Role of Auditory Input in Normal Hearing Individuals and Older Adults with Hearing Loss.","authors":"Nikita Nanavati, Pragya Jain","doi":"10.22038/ijorl.2025.81193.3733","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijorl.2025.81193.3733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Balance integrates sensory and motor functions through the visual, somatosensory, and vestibular systems. Auditory inputs also contribute to spatial orientation, aiding postural control and stability. Exploring the effects of auditory stimuli on postural stability may reveal their therapeutic potential. So, current study is undertaken to study effect of auditory stimuli in maintaining postural stability in healthy young and older adults with age-related hearing loss.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 70 participants were divided into two groups: Group I consisted of 35 individuals aged 18-35 years with normal hearing, and Group II comprised 35 older adults aged 50-80 years with mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss. Pure Tone Audiometry was performed, followed by a Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction and Balance (mCTSIB) protocol and tandem gait on static postural stability, under four conditions (quiet, speech, natural environmental sounds, white noise), both with and without auditory stimuli.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Postural stability improved with natural sounds compared to quiet and other auditory stimuli in both young and older adults with age-related hearing loss. Healthy young adults consistently showed better postural stability than older adults in both quiet and auditory conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Auditory stimuli can effectively enhance postural stability in both young adults and older adults with age-related hearing loss, with more pronounced effect observed in older adults. Therefore, auditory stimuli can be effectively used to enhance postural stability, suggesting their potential utility in therapeutic interventions aimed at improving balance in individuals with age-related hearing impairments.</p>","PeriodicalId":14607,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"37 3","pages":"151-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126202/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors for Sensorineural Hearing Loss in Children and Adolescents with Sickle Cell Disease.","authors":"Amos Solomon, Nurudeen Adebola Shofoluwe, Hafsat Ahmad, Abdulkadir Isa, Shuiabu Iliyasu Yunusa, Hamza Anka Manir","doi":"10.22038/ijorl.2025.74314.3500","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijorl.2025.74314.3500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a major global health burden with significant clinical, social, and economic impacts. Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is an underreported complication of SCD that is, primarily attributed to vaso-occlusive crises and ischemia. This condition adversely affects the quality of life, education, and social integration, particularly among children in resource-limited settings. Understanding the risk factors for SNHL is crucial for prevention, early detection, and timely intervention. This study evaluated the prevalence of SNHL in children with SCD and identified associated risk factors.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This prospective comparative study was conducted at a tertiary healthcare facility in Northwest Nigeria. A total of 250 children aged 5-16 years were enrolled, comprising 125 patients with confirmed sickle cell disease (SCD) in a steady state and 125 age- and sex-matched controls with a normal haemoglobin genotype (HbAA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bilateral SNHL was identified in 25.6% of SCD cases, whereas no SNHL was observed in the control group. The male-to-female ratio among the affected children was 1.2:1. Multivariate logistic regression revealed significant associations between SNHL and elevated white blood cell count (Odds Ratio {OR} 1.035; 95% Confidence Interval {CI} 1.020-1.050), elevated platelet count (OR 1.209; 95% CI 1.070-1.365), poor clinic attendance (OR 28.668; 95% CI 4.879-168.458; <i>P</i>= < 0.001), non-compliance with SCD medications (OR 9.634; 95% CI 1.830-50.718; <i>P</i> = 0.008), and frequent severe sickle cell crises requiring hospitalization (OR 2.106,; 95% CI 0.019-0.598; <i>P</i> = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the high prevalence of SNHL in children with SCD and its association with modifiable risk factors. Routine audiological screening, consistent clinic attendance, medication adherence, and regular monitoring of haematological parameters are essential for early identification and management of SNHL. Targeted interventions can significantly improve the outcomes and reduce the burden of this debilitating complication.</p>","PeriodicalId":14607,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"37 3","pages":"123-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12126206/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144199138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation Between Indoxyl Sulfate in Chronic Kidney Disease and Olfactory Dysfunction.","authors":"Irnanda-Warda-Rizki Nasution, Tengku-Siti-Hajar Haryuna, Delfitri Munir, Syafrizal Nasution, Putri-Chairani Eyanoer, Siti Nursiah, Ramlan Sitompul","doi":"10.22038/ijorl.2024.77737.3632","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijorl.2024.77737.3632","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Olfactory dysfunction is prevalent among individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), with prevalence escalating alongside disease severity. The uremic toxin we observed in this study is Indoxyl sulfate (IS), a potent uremic toxin that markedly accumulates in the plasma of patients with chronic insufficiency. Olfactory damage may occur in the setting of neuronal damage due to renal failure.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>27 patients, a total sample in this study with diagnosed chronic kidney disease within stage 5 on regular hemodialysis, were examined for indoxyl sulfate levels in blood plasma and then examined for their olfactory function using the Sniffin' Sticks test. A correlation analysis was conducted between indoxyl sulfate levels and olfactory function test results in patients with CKD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Pearson correlation test revealed a strong, significant negative correlation between indoxyl sulfate levels and olfactory function (r = -0.613; p = 0.001). Additionally, correlations were found between indoxyl sulfate levels and each component of olfactory function: threshold value (r = -0.408; p = 0.035), discrimination (r = -0.807; p = 0.001), and identification (r = -0.703; p = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Olfactory function is compromised in individuals with chronic renal disease and correlates with the level of accumulation of the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate.</p>","PeriodicalId":14607,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"37 1","pages":"19-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11750640/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143028815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tucker's Reconstructive Laryngectomy: Indications and Functional Outcomes.","authors":"Malika El Omri, Wassim Kermani, Souhir Chelly, Mouna Bellakhdher, Mohamed Abdelkefi","doi":"10.22038/ijorl.2024.78978.3660","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijorl.2024.78978.3660","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Frontal anterior laryngectomy with epiglottic reconstruction (Tucker's reconstructive surgery) is a technique of partial laryngectomy that has been used by several authors since its introduction in the 80s.The aim of this serie is to specify the indications of this operation and to present the functional and oncological outcomes of our study and those found in the literature.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We report a retrospective study of 65 cases who underwent Tucker's operation by many surgeons at our educational center over a period of 31 years (1988 - 2020).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This serie included 62 men (95%) and 3 women (5%), with a mean age of 62,8 years. The cases were classified as follows: 42 patients with T1aN0M0 (65%), 21 patients with T1bN0M0 (32%) and 2 patients with T2N0M0 (3%). Following surgery, the mean time for tracheal cannula extraction was 18,4 days and for nasogastric tube was 14,4 days. Five cases developed aspiration pneumonia. Voice quality was then assessed based on its intensity and intelligibility with 11,7% rated as very good, 53,3% as good, 31,7% as average and 3,3% as poor. There were 4 cases of local recurrence, 2 cases of nodal recurrence, and 2 cases of tumour pursuit. The median survival rate was 7,5 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The functional and oncological outcomes of Tucker´s reconstructive surgery were generally satisfactory in our patients and are consistent with those reported in the literature. This technique holds an important position of this technique in the therapeutic arsenal for early glottic carcinoma.</p>","PeriodicalId":14607,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"37 1","pages":"3-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11750636/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143028899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Intratympanic Steroid Therapy in Sudden Hearing Loss in Children: The Clinical Case of an Exceptionally Late Hearing Recovery.","authors":"Marco Capelli","doi":"10.22038/ijorl.2025.83020.3794","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijorl.2025.83020.3794","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Sudden hearing loss represents a medical emergency that can potentially have a highly negative impact on an individual's quality of life. In particular it can represent a serious concern in pediatric age, interfering cognitive and language development. Despite the seriousness of the problem, there is currently no consensus on diagnostic and therapeutic management methods, and the debate is still open.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>We present the case of a 15-year-old child with a sudden right-sided hearing loss of profound degree and of idiopathic etiology. Initially he was treated with oral steroid treatment and subsequently to multiple sessions of hyperbaric oxygen therapy without satisfactory results. Several weeks after the onset of symptoms, the patient underwent a cycle of 3 intratympanic methylprednisolone injections with unexpected hearing recovery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Intratympanic steroid therapy could represent not only a life-saving therapeutic choice as it is currently considered, but also a first therapeutic choice, particularly in pediatric age, thanks to substantial absence of systemic side effects and the potential efficacy even after many weeks from the onset of symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":14607,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"37 4","pages":"221-226"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12335661/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144821436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhinophyma Treatment with Blue Laser.","authors":"Estefanía Miranda, Ithzel-María Villarreal, Oscar Arenas, Guillermo Plaza","doi":"10.22038/ijorl.2025.83754.3818","DOIUrl":"10.22038/ijorl.2025.83754.3818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Rhinophyma is a chronic skin pathology that mainly affects the nose. It is featured by thickening of the skin and soft tissue of the nose. Treatment options include topical medication, systemic drugs, electrocautery, cryosurgery, laser therapy, dermabrasion, and in some cases, surgical procedures like rhinoplasty. The aim of this report is to demonstrate the usefulness of the blue laser and its efficacy in the treatment of rhinophyma.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>We report two cases of patients diagnosed with rhinophyma who underwent blue laser treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of blue laser to treat rhinophyma has shown to be an effective and safe procedure with very promising results.</p>","PeriodicalId":14607,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology","volume":"37 4","pages":"227-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12335665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144821437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}