Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Quantitative evaluation of inflammation after phacoemulsification surgery: anterior chamber flare and choroidal vascular index.","authors":"Metehan Simsek, Gulay Yalcınkaya Cakir, Efe Koser, Cigdem Altan, Muhittin Taşkapılı","doi":"10.1007/s10384-025-01220-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10384-025-01220-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the relationship between phacoparameters and inflammation parameters (anterior chamber flare (ACF), macular and peripapillary choroidal vascular index (mCVI and pCVI)) changes after cataract surgery.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Prospective study METHODS: This prospective observational study included patients without systemic and ocular diseases who underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery that may have affected intraocular inflammation. Preoperative, postoperative 1st week, 1st, 3rd and 6th months ACF were measured. At the same visits, mCVI and pCVI were calculated. The relationship between phacoparameters and postoperative ACF, mCVI and pCVI values were evaluated by correlation analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty eyes of 50 patients were included in the study. Postoperative 1st week ACF was significantly higher than preoperative ACF (p<0.001). ACF decreased significantly from postoperative 1st week to 6th months. Postoperative 1st month and 3rd month mCVI were significantly higher than preoperative mCVI (p<0.001, p=0.04, respectively). It was observed that pCVI reached its peak value in the 1st postoperative week and decreased to base value in the postoperative 6th month. A strong positive linear correlation was found between total cumulative dissipated energy (CDE) and the difference between postoperative 1st week and preoperative ACF (p<0.001, r=0.68).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Particularly in the early period after phacoemulsification, ACF, mCVI and pCVI increased. The increase in ACF lost its significance at the third month and the increase in mCVI and pCVI remained significant, which may indicate that the inflammatory effect of cataract surgery lasts longer in the posterior segment. Total CDE can be used to predict postoperative inflammation levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":14563,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world outcomes, including intraocular inflammation, after intravitreal brolucizumab for diabetic macular edema.","authors":"Takao Hirano, Yoshiaki Chiku, Ken Hoshiyama, Yoshiaki Takahashi, Shun Ito, Toshinori Murata","doi":"10.1007/s10384-025-01226-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10384-025-01226-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to assess the real-world outcomes, including intraocular inflammation (IOI), following administration of intravitreal brolucizumab (Beovu 6.0 mg/0.05 mL; Novartis) injections (IVBr) for diabetic macular edema (DME).</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 56 eyes of 47 patients with DME were treated with IVBr for a minimum follow-up of at least 6 months between May 2022 and November 2023. A \"non-strict pro re nata\" dosing protocol for IVBr was used. The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), at baseline, 6 months, 1 year, and the latest visit date and IVBr frequency were assessed to evaluate the treatment efficacy. IOI incidence, baseline characteristics of patients with IOI, and treatment course were investigated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BCVA significantly improved at 6 months and at the latest visit compared to baseline (P = 0.008 and 0.006, respectively). CMT was significantly thinner at 6 months, 1 year, and the latest visit compared to baseline (all, P < 0.001). In 46 eyes followed for more than 1 year, the number of IVBr from baseline to 1 year was 3.8 ± 1.9. Four eyes (7.1%) of four patients (8.5%) developed IOI during the observation period. All patients were women, with an average age of 70.8 ± 9.0 years (59-81 years). Upon IOI diagnosis, all patients received posterior sub-Tenon's triamcinolone acetonide and topical betamethasone sodium phosphate, resulting in rapid resolution.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IOI developed in four of 56 (7.1%) eyes and responded well to prompt steroid therapy after 1.5 years of IVBr use for DME. BCVA and CMT improved at all evaluation time points. With an average of 3.8 IVBr injections per year, IVBr showed long-term efficacy for DME in the real-world setting, although the occurrence of IOI should be monitored.</p>","PeriodicalId":14563,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"En-face quantitative evaluation using ultra-high-resolution OCT of hyperreflective foci in neovascular age-related macular degeneration.","authors":"Iori Wada, Shintaro Nakao, Satomi Shiose, Yoshihiro Kaizu, Muneo Yamaguchi, Keijiro Ishikawa, Kohei Kiyohara, Tatsuro Ishibashi, Koh-Hei Sonoda","doi":"10.1007/s10384-025-01219-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10384-025-01219-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study quantifies hyperreflective foci (HRFs) in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) before and after anti-VEGF therapy in the initial loading phase using en-face ultra-high-resolution spectral domain OCT (UHR-SD-OCT), investigating their correlation with clinical findings.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective observational study METHODS: This retrospective study included 30 eyes from 30 patients with treatment-naïve nAMD. The patients received monthly intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF therapy for three months as the initial loading phase. At each visit, comprehensive ophthalmic examinations were conducted. HRFs were quantified using our custom-developed software from an en-face UHR-SD-OCT. The number of HRFs was compared before and after the loading phase and investigated the relationship with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), greatest linear dimension (GLD), macular neovascularization (MNV) size and incidence of macular atrophy (MA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This evaluation system showed a significant reduction in the number of HRFs after anti-VEGF therapy compared to before the loading phase (p < 0.0001). The number of pre-treatment HRFs significantly correlated with pre-treatment BCVA, GLD, and MNV size. The number of post-treatment HRFs significantly correlated with pre-treatment GLD and pre-treatment MNV size. Additionally, patients who developed MA two years after treatment initiation exhibited significantly higher counts of pre-treatment HRFs compared to those without the MA development (465.7 ± 187.0 vs. 212.9 ± 93.8, p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Quantification of HRF using en-face UHR-SD-OCT may be a useful clinical biomarker during anti-VEGF therapy in nAMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":14563,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Six-year findings of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy in the EVEREST II study: Japanese subgroup analysis.","authors":"Yasuo Yanagi, Ryusaburo Mori, Kelvin Yi Chong Teo, Kyu-Hyung Park, Nor Fariza Ngah, Shih-Jen Chen, Paisan Ruamviboonsuk, Nagako Kondo, Won Ki Lee, Rajesh Rajagopalan, Ryo Obata, Ian Y H Wong, Caroline Chee, Hiroko Terasaki, Tetsuju Sekiryu, Shih-Chou Chen, Timothy Y Y Lai, Gemmy Cheung, Shigeru Honda","doi":"10.1007/s10384-025-01228-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10384-025-01228-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate long-term outcomes for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) in Japanese patients in the EVEREST II study.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>A multicenter, cross-sectional study of the long-term outcomes of a cohort of patients originally treated with ranibizumab alone (monotherapy group) or in combination with photodynamic therapy PDT (combination group) in the EVEREST II study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT01846273).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety participants from the six-year EVEREST II follow-up: 20 Japanese and 70 non-Japanese were included. Long-term changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central subfield thickness (CST) were reported in the Japanese compared to non-Japanese participants. Number of injections, types of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents used, and cases with equal visits and injections, indicating fixed dosing or treat-and-extend (TAE) administration were investigated. Outcomes were also compared between those who had verteporfin PDT during the six-year period (n=14) and those who did not (n=6).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Japanese and non-Japanese participants had similar baseline characteristics. The mean age for Japanese participants was 76±4.47 years, with 25% being women. BCVA improved from baseline to year 2 in both groups (P < 0.05). At six years, BCVA was maintained in the Japanese (67.2 ETDRS letters) but decreased in the non-Japanese participants (from 68.8 to 53.5 letters). The Japanese participants received more injections than the non-Japanese (12.5 vs. 7.57, P=0.017). Aflibercept was the most frequently used anti-VEGF agent, and the number of fixed dosing or TAE administration was higher in the Japanese participants. No significant differences were found in functional and anatomical outcomes between those who received PDT and those who did not (all P > 0.05). However, non-PDT participants had numerically worse BCVA at the final visit.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights positive long-term outcomes for Japanese PCV patients and underscores the need for further research to validate these findings in broader patient populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":14563,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors determining timing of first recurrence after three loading aflibercept injections in newly diagnosed neovascular age-related macular degeneration.","authors":"Sang Hyeok Lee, Mee Yon Lee","doi":"10.1007/s10384-025-01225-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10384-025-01225-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate factors affecting timing of the first recurrence after three loading aflibercept injections in patients with newly diagnosed neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NAMD).</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective chart review.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted on 193 eyes from 193 patients newly diagnosed with NAMD who received monthly three loading aflibercept injections and a fourth injection by pro-re-nata therapy regimen for recurrence between January 2016 and May 2023. Recurrence was defined as reaccumulation of subretinal or intraretinal fluid or new or increased retinal or subretinal hemorrhage. Patients were divided into two groups. One group received a fourth injection within 12 weeks after the third dose of aflibercept (Group A) and the other group received a fourth injection after 12 weeks (Group B).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In group A (65 eyes) compared to group B (128 eyes), the frequency of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) was higher (60.0%: 36.7%), the frequency of retinal angiomatous proliferation was lower (6.2%: 18.0%), and the optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings showed that pigment epithelial detachment (PED) of hollow type was more likely to be observed compared to solid type (OR=3.14, p=0.013) or mixed type (OR=3.67, p=0.003) of PED; sharply peaked PED was more common (OR=2.05, p=0.045) and less likely to be seen in females (OR=0.46, p=0.034).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients with newly diagnosed NAMD who received three injection loading doses of aflibercept, earlier recurrence was predicted when PCV was present, when a hollow type of PED was observed on OCT, and when the patient was a man.</p>","PeriodicalId":14563,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144274888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refractive error and axial length prediction using fundus parameters of normal eyes in the Kumejima population study.","authors":"Takehiro Yamashita, Ryo Asaoka, Aiko Iwase, Hiroshi Sakai, Hiroto Terasaki, Taiji Sakamoto, Makoto Araie","doi":"10.1007/s10384-025-01192-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10384-025-01192-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the accuracy of predictive refractive error (RE) and axial length (AL) using regression analysis of fundus parameters in the Kumejima study and to identify RE- or AL-related fundus changes.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Prospective cross-sectional observational population study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Non-mydriatic color fundus photographs (CFPs) from 1,646 right eyes of healthy Kumejima participants were analyzed. Mean red (R), green (G), and blue (B) intensities at eight locations around the optic disc and fovea were quantified, and the tessellation fundus index was calculated as R/(R + G + B). Optic disc ovality ratio, papillomacular angle, and retinal vessel angle were measured. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression with leave-one-out cross-validation predicted RE and AL, validated using Pearson's correlation coefficient.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean ± standard deviation actual RE and AL of participants (834 men and 812 women) were -0.14±1.62 diopter and 23.50±0.88 mm. The mean ± standard deviation predicted RE and AL based on fundus parameters was -0.14±1.05 diopter and 23.50±0.48 mm, with a mean absolute error of 0.91 diopter and 0.59 mm, and the correlation coefficients between actual and predicted RE and AL were 0.63 and 0.51 (p<0.001). Eyes with a longer AL had narrower temporal vessel angles, weaker green intensities, stronger blue intensities, and increased tessellation of the fundus color (p<0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RE and AL could be predicted using CFP parameters; the RE- or AL-related changes in the fundus, such as vessel angles and peripapillary color intensity, may enhance our understanding of myopia mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":14563,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144247903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and prognosis of sagging eye syndrome in Japanese population.","authors":"Kyo Fukaya, Kie Iida, Takumi Aoki, Serina Kuga, Naoko Shioya, Keiko Kunimi, Toshiaki Goseki","doi":"10.1007/s10384-025-01221-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10384-025-01221-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Sagging eye syndrome (SES) is the leading cause of acquired diplopia; however, there are no comprehensive reports on its treatment and prognosis in Japan. This study aimed to examine the disease classification of binocular diplopia in patients aged over 40 years old and examine the treatment methods and prognosis of SES.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective observational case series.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We reviewed the medical records of all new patients aged 40 years or older with binocular diplopia who visited the International University of Health and Welfare, Atami Hospital, between January 2020 and December 2022. Clinical causes of diplopia were analyzed based on age and sex; binocular alignment, treatment types, and post-treatment outcomes were documented for patients with SES, age-related distance esotropia, and cyclovertical strabismus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 199 patients with binocular diplopia, SES was identified as the most common cause, affecting 95 (47.7%) individuals. Women comprised 52.6% of SES cases and 49% of non-SES cases (p=0.67). The mean age of onset was 71.2 ± 10.8 years for binocular diplopia, 76.2 ± 6.5 years for SES, and 66.6 ± 12.0 years for other etiologies (p<0.001). SES treatments included surgery (48.4%, n=46), prism glasses (35.9%, n=34), and observation (15.8%, n=15). Among the 46 patients who underwent surgery and 34 who were prescribed prism glasses, 7 and 2 had residual diplopia, respectively, which resolved after additional treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SES is a common cause of binocular diplopia in adults; however, effective treatment can successfully resolve diplopia in most cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":14563,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and limitations of amniotic membrane transplantation in cases of severe ocular surface disorders: retrospective analysis over a 21-year period.","authors":"Kohei Harada, Hideki Fukuoka, Koji Kitazawa, Yulia Aziza, Tsutomu Inatomi, Tomoyuki Hino, Go Horiguchi, Satoshi Teramukai, Shigeru Kinoshita, Masafumi Uematsu, Takashi Kitaoka, Chie Sotozono","doi":"10.1007/s10384-025-01209-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10384-025-01209-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine the reoperation rate of amniotic membrane transplantation (AMT) and clarify the risk factors for AMT reoperation in severe ocular surface (OS) disorders (OSD).</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>We reviewed the medical records of all AMT cases between April 1998 and June 2019 at the Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Primary diseases and AMT reoperation rates were examined. In severe OSD cases (Stevens-Johnson syndrome, ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, and chemical/thermal burns), preoperative OS Grading Score (OSGS), surgical procedures combined with AMT, and risk factors for reoperation were investigated and assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over a period of 21 years and 3 months, 750 AMTs were performed on 664 eyes of 594 cases. AMT was repeated on 51 of those 664 eyes (7.7%), and most frequently performed on 25 out of 196 eyes (12.8%) afflicted with severe OSDs. In severe OSDs, OSGS was significantly higher in the reoperation group compared to no-reoperation group (P<0.05), suggesting corneal epithelial defects, conjunctival hyperemia, trichiasis, mucocutaneous junction involvement, and corneal opacity as being risk factors for re-AMT (univariate analysis). In logistic regression analysis, only conjunctival hyperemia was a risk factor, with odds ratios (OR) of 2.65 (95%CI: 1.34-5.22, P=0.005). AMT combined with cultivated or donor corneal epithelial transplantation reduced reoperation risk with an OR of 0.92 and 0.63, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In severe OSD cases, the effect of AMT is limited. Higher OSGSs, especially in conjunctival hyperemia, are associated with a high risk of repeat AMT.</p>","PeriodicalId":14563,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biometric risk factors for myopia onset in emmetropic school-age children.","authors":"Yoshinori Nakai, Osamu Hieda, Yo Nakamura, Mitsuko Nakata, Chie Sotozono, Shigeru Kinoshita","doi":"10.1007/s10384-025-01222-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10384-025-01222-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To identify the potential biometric risk factors for the onset of myopia in emmetropic school-age children.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Longitudinal study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>First, we performed a preliminary study in which objective refraction, corneal refractive power, higher-order aberrations (HOAs), and axial length (AL) was measured annually in 98 Grade-3 (age 8) elementary schoolchildren over a 4-year period from 2006 to 2009. We also examined the refractive changes over 3 years, and assessed the correlation between those changes and the baseline data. Based on those findings, we performed the primary study in which objective and subjective refraction, corneal refractive power, HOAs, and AL was measured annually in Grade 1 (age 6) through Grade 8 (age 13) schoolchildren from 2013 to 2022. We investigated the risk factors for AL elongation over 1 year in children with emmetropia at the first year using a multivariable linear mixed model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings in the preliminary study revealed that AL in the first year (age 8) had the strongest correlation with myopia progression for 3 years. The risk factors for AL elongation among emmetropia were 1) lower grade, 2) sex (female), 3) myopic objective refraction (spherical equivalent), 4) longer AL (mm), 5) lower corneal coma-like aberration (CA) at the pupil diameter of 6 mm, and 6) higher ocular spherical aberration (SA) of 4 mm and lower ocular SA at the pupil diameter of 6 mm in the primary study.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Risk factors for myopia onset in emmetropic school-age children include AL, refraction, corneal CAs, and ocular SAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":14563,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of factors relating to the development of multiple subepithelial corneal infiltrates of adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis using categorical data analysis program.","authors":"Nobuyoshi Kitaichi, Ryosuke Dei, Rikutaro Hinokuma, Ippei Yoshikawa, Miki Hiraoka, Kazuo Nakajima","doi":"10.1007/s10384-025-01194-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10384-025-01194-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis is the most common infectious disease in ophthalmology. Its clinical forms include epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) and pharyngoconjunctival fever (PCF). EKC can be complicated by multiple subepithelial infiltrates (MSI) of the cornea, which affect visual outcomes. As at present, artificial intelligence and machine learning are becoming increasingly important not only in the diagnostic imaging field but also in the clinical data science field, we investigated a predictive model for the development of corneal MSI in adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>One hundred and forty cases of adenovirus keratoconjunctivitis diagnosed at Hinokuma Eye Clinic were enrolled. The dependent variable was corneal MSI, and the independent variables were adenovirus genotype, bilaterality, subconjunctival hemorrhage, eyelid swelling, conjunctival edema, conjunctival opacity, pseudomembrane, corneal epithelial findings, preauricular lymphadenopathy, eye discharge, lacrimation, eye pain, foreign body sensation, and itchy eye, which were analyzed by a categorical data analysis program (CATDAP).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For single independent variables, corneal epithelial findings (Akaike information criterion, AIC=-6.46) and type 54 (AIC=-4.30) showed high predictive performance. In the combination of multiple independent variables, Type 56 or Type 37 with corneal epithelial damage also showed high predictive performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Predicting the occurrence of corneal MSI has until now been considered difficult. When a patient with EKC has marginal corneal epithelial or subepithelial opacities at initial presentation, it is presumed that the patient has a relatively high risk of developing MSI. Knowing the prevalent virus type in advance, would prove helpful in the diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":14563,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}