Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology最新文献

{"title":"Visual and OCT outcomes in epiretinal membrane foveoschisis with and without lamellar macular hole-related diseases.","authors":"Tatsuho Tomiyama, Noriko Kubota, Yosai Mori, Kazunori Miyata, Tomoyuki Kunishige, Yuji Nakano, Hitoshi Goto, Fumiki Okamoto","doi":"10.1007/s10384-026-01438-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10384-026-01438-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate changes in visual acuity and optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings after vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane foveoschisis (ERM-FS), and to compare visual and anatomical outcomes among eyes with ERM-FS alone, ERM-FS associated with macular pseudohole (MPH), and ERM-FS associated with lamellar macular hole (LMH).</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective observational study METHODS: This study included eyes with ERM-FS that underwent vitrectomy between April 2020 and November 2023 and were followed for at least 6 months. Eyes with ERM-FS alone were classified as the ERM-FS group, those with concomitant MPH as the ERM-FS+MPH group, and those with concomitant LMH as the ERM-FS+LMH group. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and OCT findings were evaluated before surgery and at 1, 3, and 6 months. OCT assessments included foveoschisis, inner retinal cysts, epiretinal proliferation (EP), and ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruption.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-nine eyes were included. BCVA improved significantly in the overall cohort and in each group. Patients in the ERM-FS+LMH group tended to have poorer visual outcomes than those in the ERM-FS and ERM-FS+MPH groups. Schisis gradually decreased after surgery in all groups. The ERM-FS+LMH group showed a higher prevalence of EP than the other groups and a significantly higher frequency of EZ disruption than the ERM-FS group. In the ERM-FS+LMH group, postoperative BCVA was associated with preoperative EZ disruption. Multivariate analysis identified preoperative BCVA as an independent predictor of postoperative BCVA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Vitrectomy for ERM-FS improved visual acuity and retinal morphology in all groups. However, eyes with concomitant LMH tended to have poorer postoperative visual outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14563,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tolerance of residual myopic refractive errors in eyes with enhanced monofocal intraocular lenses with higher-order aspheric optics.","authors":"Tomohiro Yokogawa, Koji Ueda, Miyuki Ogata, Keiichiro Minami, Keita Takada, Yosai Mori, Nobuyuki Shoji, Kazunori Miyata","doi":"10.1007/s10384-026-01440-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10384-026-01440-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the association between uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and refractive error spherical equivalent (SE), to determine the tolerance of refractive errors in eyes implanted with enhanced monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) with higher-order aspheric optics.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical records of 74 eyes from 74 patients with conventional monofocal IOLs (ZCB00V, Johnson & Johnson Surgical Vision [J&J]) and 33 eyes from 33 patients implanted with enhanced monofocal IOLs (DIB00V, J&J) were reviewed. Inclusion criteria were corneal astigmatism of ≤ 1.0 D, normal axial length, and postoperative distance-corrected visual acuity of ≤ 0.0 logMAR. The influence of three ranges of UDVA on SE and the influence of three ranges of SE on UDVA were evaluated. Changes in UDVA with SE were also evaluated using segmented regression analysis, and breakpoints of SE were identified. Refractive tolerance in SE for UDVA of ≤ 0.1 logMAR was then calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Segmented regression analysis showed that UDVA changed with both myopic and hyperopic refractive errors, with no tolerance observed in eyes implanted with conventional monofocal IOLs. In eyes implanted with enhanced monofocal IOLs, a plateau in UDVA was observed beginning at a breakpoint of -0.45 D, corresponding to a refractive tolerance of 1.25 D.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In eyes implanted with enhanced monofocal IOLs with higher-order aspheric optics, a degree of refractive error tolerance was observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":14563,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural correlates of multidimensional visual dysfunction in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy.","authors":"Ayumu Akagi, Takumi Inoue, Roselin Kiruba, Chidambaram Hemalatha, Janarthanan Jothi Balaji, Noriko Koizumi, Naoki Okumura, Prema Padmanabhan","doi":"10.1007/s10384-026-01435-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10384-026-01435-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To characterize the relationships between corneal morphological features and multiple domains of visual function in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD), and to identify tomographic parameters reflecting functionally meaningful visual impairment.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective cross-sectional comparative study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 115 eyes with FECD and 85 control eyes. Assessments comprised best-corrected visual acuity, contrast sensitivity with and without glare, straylight, Scheimpflug tomography, anterior segment optical coherence tomography, and the Visual Function and Corneal Health Status questionnaire. The area under the log contrast sensitivity function (AULCSF) was calculated from five spatial frequencies. Associations between corneal parameters and AULCSF were examined using ordinary least squares regression and linear mixed-effects models with patient-level random intercepts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FECD eyes showed reduced contrast sensitivity at all spatial frequencies after correction and increased straylight. Higher-order aberrations were greater in FECD eyes (0.70 ± 0.52 µm vs. 0.51 ± 0.30 µm, P<0.001). In mixed-effects models, the vertical coordinate of the thinnest point and the central-to-peripheral thickness ratio were associated with AULCSF under both nonglare and glare conditions, whereas posterior corneal depression was not independently associated after accounting for within-patient correlation. The pattern of associations with high-contrast visual acuity differed from that observed for AULCSF.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Visual impairment in FECD is domain-specific. Contrast sensitivity and straylight were more closely associated with localized corneal irregularity, pachymetric asymmetry, and higher-order aberrations than with global corneal edema. These findings indicate that visual dysfunction reflects multiple localized and asymmetric corneal changes, with no single dominant tomographic marker.</p>","PeriodicalId":14563,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety outcomes of half-dose fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography: a clinical assessment of adverse events.","authors":"Kouta Kawasaki, Koji Tanaka, Ryusaburo Mori, Hajime Goto, Takumi Kobayashi, Ayaka Nakai, Michiteru Kono, Yu Wakatsuki, Akiyuki Kawamura, Hiroyuki Nakashizuka","doi":"10.1007/s10384-026-01433-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10384-026-01433-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate whether half‑dose administration of fluorescein and indocyanine green is associated with the incidence of adverse events during fluorescein angiography (FA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA).</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed 10,435 angiographic examinations in 10,435 unique patients performed using standard doses (fluorescein, 5 mL [500 mg]; indocyanine green, 2 mL [25 mg]) between April 2015 and March 2023, and half doses (fluorescein, 2.5 mL [250 mg]; indocyanine green, 1 mL [12.5 mg]) between April 2023 and March 2024. Explanatory variables included dye dose (half vs. standard), age, sex, diabetes, hypertension, asthma, history of drug allergy, vital signs at examination (systolic/diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate), and meteorological factors (temperature, atmospheric pressure). After univariable analyses, multivariable logistic regression was performed. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adverse events assessed in the main analyses included rash, nausea/vomiting during FA, ICGA, or combined FA+ICGA, and hypotension. The overall incidence of adverse events was significantly lower in the half‑dose group (6.21%) than in the standard‑dose group (10.65%; P < 0.001). Half-dose administration was associated with lower odds of rash (odds ratio [OR] = 0.46; P = 0.001), nausea/vomiting during FA (OR = 0.24; P < 0.001), and nausea/vomiting during combined FA+ICGA (OR = 0.58; P = 0.002). Younger age was an independent risk factor for several adverse events.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Half‑dose dye administration was associated with lower incidences of rash and nausea/vomiting. Dose reduction may contribute to improved safety in FA and ICGA.</p>","PeriodicalId":14563,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postoperative shifts in pupil position following cataract surgery.","authors":"Norihiro Mita, Yuki Ukai, Tsuyoshi Mito, Yusuke Seki, Yu Sasaki, Makoto Sasaki, Hisanori Miyashita, Eri Shibuya, Eri Kubo, Hiroshi Sasaki","doi":"10.1007/s10384-026-01425-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10384-026-01425-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigated changes in pupil deviation after cataract surgery.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Single-center, retrospective observational study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-center, retrospective observational study included 102 patients (204 eyes). Measurements were performed preoperatively and 1 month postoperatively using an optical interference axial length-measuring device. Pupil diameter, as well as the relative positions of the corneal center, pupil center, and visual axis, were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the preoperative measurements, the average pupil diameter of the right eye changed significantly (3.252 ± 0.518 mm vs. 3.029 ± 0.490 mm; p < 0.01), while the horizontal deviation of the visual axis relative to the corneal center did not (0.337 ± 0.152 mm vs. 0.321 ± 0.154 mm). The position of the pupil center relative to the corneal center shifted nasally by 0.220 ± 0.111 mm preoperatively and 0.298 ± 0.120 mm postoperatively. Additionally, the visual axis relative to the pupil center shifted significantly, from 0.117 ± 0.162 mm preoperatively to 0.023 ± 0.144 mm postoperatively (p < 0.01). This indicated that the pupil center moved nasally. The left eyes displayed tendencies consistent with those observed in the right eyes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>After cataract surgery, the pupil center shifted nasally and moved closer to the visual axis, whereas the position of the corneal center relative to the visual axis remained essentially unchanged.</p>","PeriodicalId":14563,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors of retinal non-reattachment after initial buckling surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.","authors":"Taiki Matsuura, Tadashi Mizuguchi, Masayuki Horiguchi, Ryota Sakurai, Kosuke Sekido, Yasuki Ito","doi":"10.1007/s10384-026-01437-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10384-026-01437-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Non-reattachment of the retina following scleral buckling (SB) surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a cause of poor visual prognosis. We investigated the incidence of non-reattachment after primary SB alone for RRD and its risk factors.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective single-center study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Overall, 497 eyes (472 patients; age: 31.4±14.1 years; 308 men [65.3%]) which underwent primary scleral buckling with a silicone sponge exoplant for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) between January 2011 and March 2019 were included and classified into non-reattachment and reattachment groups. Age, sex, time from onset to initial surgery, intraocular lens-implanted eye, axial length, preoperative visual acuity, preoperative intraocular pressure, macular detachment, detachment extent, number/location of retinal breaks, surgeon, number of retinal cryopexies, and operative time were used for univariate analysis, followed by multivariate analysis for factors with significant group differences on univariate analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 497 eyes, 32/465 were classified into the non-reattachment/reattachment groups, respectively. The initial repositioning rate was 93.6%. The non-reattachment group had a higher proportion of temporal retinal breaks (46.9% vs. 28.2%; p=0.04) and a lower proportion of inferior retinal breaks than the non-reattachment group (21.9% vs. 45.0%; p=0.02). On age- and sex-adjusted multivariate analysis, inferior retinal break was associated with a reduced risk of non-reattachment (likelihood ratio: 4.09; odds ratio: 0.41, confidence interval: 0.15-0.97).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The initial reattachment rate for SB surgery for RRD was high, and no risk factors for non-reattachment were identified. However, a favorable outcome was more likely for inferior retinal breaks than breaks in other quadrants.</p>","PeriodicalId":14563,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149109689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of risk factors for relapse at initial onset in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated optic neuritis using ophthalmic findings.","authors":"Chiaki Yamaguchi, Noriko Himori, Naoki Kiyota, Tatsuro Misu, Kimihiko Kaneko, Airi Takagi, Kotaro Suzuki, Yuki Matsumoto, Takahiro Ninomiya, Satoru Tsuda, Masashi Aoki, Toru Nakazawa","doi":"10.1007/s10384-026-01415-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10384-026-01415-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To identify risk factors for relapse in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated optic neuritis (MOG-ON) during the onset event.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included 44 eyes of 44 Japanese patients with MOG-ON (median age 40.0 years [interquartile range 23.5-54.0]; male to female ratio 16:28) who visited Tohoku University Hospital between August 2013 and December 2024. We compared patient background characteristics; ophthalmic findings, including optical coherence tomography parameters; laboratory findings, including hematological, biochemical, and immunological parameters; anti-MOG antibody titers; and contrast-enhanced orbital MRI findings at baseline in relapse and non-relapse groups. Relapse risk was evaluated using a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and a Cox proportional hazards regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nine of 44 (20.5%) patients relapsed during follow-up. The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed lower relapse-free survival in patients without eye-movement pain, those with a lower serum IgG level, and those with a thinner macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL; log-rank P=0.013, 0.049, and 0.040, respectively). In the age- and sex-adjusted Cox proportional hazards analysis, relapse risk was significantly associated with absence of eye-movement pain (hazard ratio [HR] 5.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35-23.04; P=0.018), a lower serum IgG level (HR 0.55, 95% CI 0.30-1.00; P=0.048), and a higher anti-MOG antibody titer (HR 1.98, 95% CI 1.05-3.71; P=0.034).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Baseline absence of eye-movement pain, lower serum IgG level, and higher anti-MOG antibody titer were associated with relapse risk in patients with MOG-ON. A thinner mRNFL may represent a potential marker of relapse-related outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14563,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149080767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide association study for refractive error imputed from fundus images via deep learning: a proof-of-concept study.","authors":"Keina Sado, Takuro Kamei, Yuki Mori, Yuta Doi, Shin-Ya Nakano, Ai Kawamura-Nakata, Wakako Okayama, Kazuya Morino, Hiroshi Tamura, Takahisa Kawaguchi, Yasuharu Tabara, Fumihiko Matsuda, Akitaka Tsujikawa, Masahiro Miyake","doi":"10.1007/s10384-026-01412-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10384-026-01412-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate whether deep learning-predicted phenotypes from fundus photographs can serve as surrogate phenotypes for genome-wide association studies (GWAS), using spherical equivalent as a model trait. We assessed concordance between genetic associations derived from measured and AI-imputed values.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Cross-sectional analysis integrating deep learning-based prediction with genetic association in a population-based cohort.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 9850 participants from the Nagahama Study. A Swin Transformer was fine-tuned to predict spherical equivalent from fundus photographs. Model training was performed on participants without genotype data who had not undergone cataract surgery. The trained model was then applied to the remaining participants to generate AI-imputed spherical equivalent values. GWAS were conducted separately for measured and AI-imputed spherical equivalent. Concordance between GWAS results was assessed by overlap of significant Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and correlation of effect size estimates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The model achieved an MAE of 0.78 diopters (D) and a Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) of 0.92 on an independent test set. The GWAS using AI-imputed spherical equivalent captured all genome-wide significant SNPs identified in the measured spherical equivalent GWAS. Effect-size estimates derived from AI-imputed GWAS were highly concordant with those from measured GWAS across the genome (r = 0.96).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Deep learning-imputed spherical equivalent from fundus images can serve as a reliable surrogate phenotype for genetic discovery. This approach enables large-scale and cost-efficient GWAS for phenotypes that are difficult or expensive to ascertain in cohorts.</p>","PeriodicalId":14563,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149030648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dry eye outcomes after endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy: tear film changes and risk factors for symptom deterioration.","authors":"Muhammad Abumanhal, Mayari Ito, Keiji Sugiura, Yasuhiro Takahashi","doi":"10.1007/s10384-026-01436-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10384-026-01436-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate postoperative changes in tear film, ocular surface, and meibomian gland parameters following successful endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy (en-DCR) and predictive factors in postoperative dry-eye symptom deterioration in patients with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO).</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Single-center prospective observational study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 50 patients with unilateral PANDO who underwent successful en-DCR. Tear film break-up time (TFBUT), Schirmer test, tear meniscus height (TMH), meibomian gland parameters, and dry eye-related symptoms were assessed preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. Measurements were compared between affected and unaffected eyes, and between pre- and postoperative visits. Patients were categorized into unchanged/improvement or deterioration groups based on postoperative symptom changes. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors for postoperative deterioration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Postoperatively, the affected eyes demonstrated significant reductions in TFBUT, Schirmer values, and upper and lower TMH, while the fellow eyes remained unchanged. Meibomian gland function significantly improved after surgery. Subjective dry eye symptoms remained unchanged or improved in the majority of the patients. However, 15 patients (30.0%) experienced postoperative symptom deterioration. Patients in the deterioration group had significantly longer preoperative TFBUT and lower DEQS scores. Multivariate analysis showed that lower preoperative upper TMH tended to be associated with an increased risk of postoperative symptom deterioration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Restoration of lacrimal drainage by en-DCR was associated with significant postoperative changes in tear film and ocular surface parameters, together with improvement in meibomian gland function. Lower preoperative upper TMH may be a potential risk factor for postoperative worsening of dry eye symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":14563,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149030573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photobiology in ophthalmology: from evolutionary adaptation to translational therapeutics.","authors":"Toshihide Kurihara","doi":"10.1007/s10384-026-01421-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10384-026-01421-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Life has evolved under continuous exposure to solar light, and the emergence of the eye during the Cambrian period is thought to have accelerated biological diversification. Beyond vision, light acts as a biological regulator of metabolism and tissue organization. To elucidate ocular disease mechanisms and develop new therapies, we have investigated how light is sensed by the eye and coupled to physiological and pathological responses. This review reexamines the eye as a photoreceptive organ and summarizes recent advances showing how light input governs retinal metabolism, refractive development, and visual restoration. First, we describe how retinal light reception is linked to oxygen-dependent metabolic control. As one of the most oxygen-demanding tissues, the retina relies on hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) signaling to coordinate angiogenesis, mitochondrial metabolism, fibrosis, and neuronal survival. Beyond pathological neovascularization, disrupted light-metabolic coupling contributes to neurodegeneration and subretinal scarring. Screening of natural compounds identified HIF regulators with therapeutic efficacy, and optical approaches were developed to detect hypoxia-induced intraocular cytokines noninvasively. Second, we show that environmental light regulates ocular growth in ways beyond image formation. Violet light activates nonvisual photoreception via OPN5-expressing retinal ganglion cells, engaging an OPN5-EGR1 pathway that preserves choroidal thickness and suppresses axial elongation through coordinated retina-brain-choroid-sclera interactions. Third, we demonstrate that light itself becomes therapeutic through optogenetic visual restoration. Chimeric rhodopsins confer high-sensitivity light responsiveness to surviving inner retinal neurons and have recently entered first-in-human clinical evaluation for advanced retinitis pigmentosa. These findings establish photobiology as a unifying framework for translational ophthalmology.</p>","PeriodicalId":14563,"journal":{"name":"Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149030570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}