Intervirology最新文献

{"title":"Latest Insights on the Diagnostic Approaches and Treatment Strategies of COVID-19.","authors":"Sarah S Hassanein, Muhammed R Sharaby, Noran M Tawfik, Suzan A Rashed, Mohamed Adel, Ayat Fayez, Heba Mansour, Haitham M Amer","doi":"10.1159/000522336","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000522336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>COVID-19 has emerged as the most serious pandemic in the 21st century to date. COVID-19 patients may develop various disease symptoms that hinder the accurate clinical diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Routine diagnosis of COVID-19 requires complementary investigations, including computed tomography, immunological assays, and molecular assays like real-time RT-PCR, loop-mediated isothermal amplification, metagenomic next-generation sequencing, and clusters of regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-based assays. Clinically approved antiviral drugs available for the COVID-19 treatment are very limited. The most common measurements that enhance health condition and patients' viability are conservation fluid management, oxygen therapy, and antibiotics. Several therapeutic options have been developed or repurposed to prevent virus replication and/or modulate the immune response against virus infection. These options include various drugs that affect virus entry and membrane fusion, inhibit polymerase and protease activity, suppress the host pro-inflammatory cytokines, and utilize cell therapy approaches.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>In this review, we aimed to provide an up-to-date discussion on the current diagnostic options and therapeutic strategies used to control and manage COVID-19 in clinical and point-of-care settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":14547,"journal":{"name":"Intervirology","volume":"65 1","pages":"167-180"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9148896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47947761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Herpesvirus 6 Infection and Risk of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani,&nbsp;Farid Rajabi,&nbsp;Mohsen Qurbani,&nbsp;Yousef Erfani,&nbsp;Somayeh Yaslianifard,&nbsp;Azam Moosavi,&nbsp;Kiomars Pourrostami,&nbsp;Ali Baradaran Bagheri,&nbsp;Alireza Soleimani,&nbsp;Farida Behzadian,&nbsp;Mahshid Safavi,&nbsp;Farhad Rezaei","doi":"10.1159/000517930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000517930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a neurological disease that is accompanied by excessive fatigue or tiredness. There are several reports confirming the association between human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) infection and CFS illness. This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to integrate the information of published studies with regard to this association until May 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The literature search was based on keywords including \"chronic fatigue syndrome and HHV 6,\" \"chronic fatigue syndrome and HHV-6,\" \"chronic fatigue syndrome and HHV6,\" \"chronic fatigue syndrome and Herpes virus 6,\" and \"chronic fatigue syndrome and Herpesvirus6\" in MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, and EMBASE.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The literature search identified 17 studies to be included in the systematic review and 11 studies in meta-analysis. The symmetry funnel plot and Egger's test (p value = 0.2) identified no publication bias among studies. Moreover, the low level of I2 revealed homogeneity across studies.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In conclusion, the association between the HHV-6 infection and CFS incidence was substantiated. However, the results of this study also suggest that further comprehensive studies are needed to solidify the association between HHV-6 and CFS. Future studies should consider additional factors that may have affected the significance of such a correlation.</p>","PeriodicalId":14547,"journal":{"name":"Intervirology","volume":"65 1","pages":"49-57"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000517930","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39275244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-World Single-Center Comparison of the Safety and Efficacy of Entecavir, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate, and Tenofovir Alafenamide in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B.","authors":"Sara Jeong,&nbsp;Hyun Phil Shin,&nbsp;Ha Il Kim","doi":"10.1159/000519440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000519440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a major cause of chronic liver diseases and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), and entecavir (ETV) are recommended as primary treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ETV, TDF, and TAF in a real-world clinical setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective cohort study, a total of 363 CHB patients who were treated with ETV (n = 163), TDF (n = 154), or TAF (n = 46) from July 2007 to September 2019 were enrolled.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median patient age was 51 years and 66.4% of patients were male. Median duration of treatment with ETV, TDF, or TAF was 49.0 months (interquartile range, 27.0-74.0 months). In terms of safety, cholesterol was mildly increased in the ETV and TAF groups and significantly lowered in the TDF group than baseline (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in liver cirrhosis-related complications among the 3 groups at 48 weeks (p = 0.235). Hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion, complete virological response, and alanine aminotransferase normalization at 48 weeks as measures of treatment efficacy were not significantly different among the 3 groups (p = 0.142, 0.538, and 0.520, respectively). There was also no significant difference in cumulative incidence rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) between the ETV and TDF groups (p = 0.894).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ETV, TDF, and TAF were safe antiviral agents and showed similar antiviral effect for CHB at 48 weeks. Cirrhosis-related complications and annual HCC incidence rates did not differ significantly between the ETV and TDF groups over the 48 week follow-up period.</p>","PeriodicalId":14547,"journal":{"name":"Intervirology","volume":"65 2","pages":"94-103"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9153351/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39853974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatitis E Virus Capsid as a Carrier of Exogenous Antigens for the Development of Chimeric Virus-Like Particles.","authors":"Tianyu Lu,&nbsp;Nouredine Behloul,&nbsp;Yi Zhou,&nbsp;Sarra Baha,&nbsp;Zhenzhen Liu,&nbsp;Wenjuan Wei,&nbsp;Rui-Hua Shi,&nbsp;Jihong Meng","doi":"10.1159/000515719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000515719","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Virus-like particles (VLPs), self-assembled multiprotein structures, can stimulate robust immune responses due to their structural similarity to native virions that allow the presentation of multiple copies of the target epitopes. Utilizing VLPs as vaccine platforms to present exogenous antigens is a promising and challenging approach in the vaccine development field. This study investigates the potential of the truncated hepatitis E virus (HEV) capsid as a VLP platform to present foreign antigens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The S and M domains of the HEV capsid protein were selected as the optimal carrier (CaSM). The exogenous antigen Seq8 containing 3 neutralizing epitopes from 3 different foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) strains was linked to the C-terminal of CaSM to construct a chimeric VLP (CaSM-Seq8). The chimeric particles were produced in Escherichia coli, and their morphology, physicochemical properties, antigenicity, and immunogenicity were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Morphological analysis showed that CaSM-Seq8 self-assembled into VLPs similar to CaSM VLPs (∼26 nm in diameter) but smaller than native HEV virions. Further, the thermal stability and the resistance to enzymatic proteolysis of Seq8 were enhanced when it was attached to the CaSM carrier. The antigenicity analysis revealed a more robust reactivity against anti-FMDV antibodies when Seq8 was presented on CaSM particles. Upon injection into mice, FMDV-specific IgGs induced by CaSM-Seq8 appeared earlier, increased faster, and maintained higher levels for a longer time than those induced by Seq8 alone or the inactivated FMDV vaccine.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated the potential of utilizing the truncated HEV capsid as an antigen-presenting platform for the development of chimeric VLP immunogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":14547,"journal":{"name":"Intervirology","volume":"65 1","pages":"37-48"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39555557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Detection of Parvovirus in Manchurian Chipmunks (Tamias sibiricus asiaticus) Captured in Korea.","authors":"Jin Il Kim,&nbsp;Kwangsook Park,&nbsp;Hyunho Shin,&nbsp;Soo Min Choi,&nbsp;Ki-Joon Song","doi":"10.1159/000520388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000520388","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cross-species transmission of viral diseases alarms our global community for its potential of novel pandemic events. Of various viral pathogens noted recently, parvoviruses have posed public health threats not only to humans but also to wild animals. To investigate the prevalence of parvoviruses in wild Manchurian chipmunks, here we detected genetic fragments of the nonstructural protein of parvovirus by polymerase chain reaction in wild Manchurian chipmunk specimens captured in the central and southern regions of South Korea and compared their sequence homology with references. Of a total of 348 specimens examined, chipmunk parvovirus (ChpPV)-specific gene fragments were detected with a 31.32% rate (109 chipmunks of 348) in their kidney, liver, lung, and spleen samples, and the chipmunks captured in Gangwon Province exhibited the highest positive rate (45.37%), followed by Gyeongsang (35.29%), Gyeonggi (31.03%), Chungcheong (20.00%), and Jeolla (19.70%). When compared with the reference sequences, a partial ChpPV sequence showed 97.70% identity to the previously reported Korean strain at the nucleic acid level. In the phylogenetic analysis, ChpPV exhibited closer relationship to primate parvoviruses, erythroviruses, and bovine parvovirus than to adeno-associated viruses. Despite limited sample size and genetic sequences examined in this study, our results underline the prevalence of ChpPV in Korea and emphasize the need of close surveillance of parvoviruses in wild animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":14547,"journal":{"name":"Intervirology","volume":"65 3","pages":"160-166"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9501794/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39557615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Markers among Patients of the Ibn Sina University Hospital Center (Rabat, Morocco).","authors":"Mourad Feindiri, Hakima Kabbaj, Mohammed El Mzibri, Bouchra Belkadi, Najat Bouihat, Abdelkarim Filali-Maltouf, Myriam Seffar","doi":"10.1159/000518618","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000518618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Viral hepatitis B is a global scourge affecting millions of people worldwide. In Morocco, hepatitis B is considered a public health problem, and available data converge to consider Morocco as a country with intermediate endemicity. In the present study, we have planned to evaluate the HBV prevalence in Morocco on a large scale and to assess the prevalence of different serological markers for better management of this infection in Morocco.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted on 18,877 patients referring to the Ibn Sina University Hospital Center of Rabat, Morocco. HBV serological markers including HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, and total HBcAb were assessed by immune-enzymatic assays. The quantification of HBV DNA was performed by real-time PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of positive cases for HBsAg, HBsAb, and total HBcAb was 2.47%, 27.66%, and 21.2%, respectively. From 141 patients with an isolated HBcAb serological profile (HBcAb+/HBsAb-/HBsAg-), HBV DNA was detected in 10 patients, representing a rate of 7.09%. In the present study, up to 95.78% of HBV chronic carriers were negative for HBeAg.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights a higher prevalence of HBsAg in the hospital-based population than the general population reported previously in Morocco and a very low HBV immunization coverage. Of particular interest, detectable HBV DNA levels in isolated HBcAb patients show that exclusive HBsAg screening cannot eliminate the risk of HBV transmission in certain cases. Many efforts are then mandatory to promote serological testing and increase the vaccination rate to limit viral dissemination for better management of this disease in Morocco.</p>","PeriodicalId":14547,"journal":{"name":"Intervirology","volume":"65 2","pages":"80-86"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9153348/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39413636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acknowledgement to Reviewers","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000519993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000519993","url":null,"abstract":"<br />Intervirology 2021;64:215–216","PeriodicalId":14547,"journal":{"name":"Intervirology","volume":"190 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138514682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disinfection effect of hexadecyl pyridinium chloride on SARS-CoV-2 in vitro.","authors":"Keda Chen, Fei Ma, Ying Wang, Xinying Zhuang, Xun-Shan Zhang, Haiyan Mao, Yanjun Zhang","doi":"10.21203/RS.3.RS-458096/V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/RS.3.RS-458096/V1","url":null,"abstract":"The novel coronavirus (COVID-19 or 2019-nCoV) is a respiratory virus that can exist in the mouth and saliva of patients and spreads through aerosol dispersion. Therefore, stomatological hospitals and departments have become high-infection-risk environments. Accordingly, oral disinfectants that can effectively inactivate the virus have become a highly active area of research. Hexadecyl pyridinium chloride, povidone-iodine, and other common oral disinfectants are the natural primary choices for stomatological hospitals. Therefore, this study investigated the inhibitory effect of hexadecyl pyridinium chloride on SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Vero cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 were used to determine the disinfection effect; the CCK-8 method was used to determine cytotoxicity, and viral load was determined by real-time PCR. The results showed that hexadecyl pyridinium chloride has no obvious cytotoxic effect on Vero cells in the concentration range 0.0125-0.05 mg/mL. The in vitro experiments showed that hexadecyl pyridinium chloride significantly inhibits the virus at concentrations of 0.1 mg/mL or above at 2 min of action. Thus, the results provide experimental support for the use of hexadecyl pyridinium chloride in stomatological hospitals.","PeriodicalId":14547,"journal":{"name":"Intervirology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42051683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Dynamic Proliferation of JEV in BHK-21 Cells.","authors":"Fuliang Zhang, Jun Luo, Man Teng, Guangxu Xing, Junqing Guo, Yihua Zhang","doi":"10.1159/000510585","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000510585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Epidemic Japanese encephalitis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases that cause central nervous system damage. The vaccination has become the most effective and economical measure for its control. Hence, real-time monitoring of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) proliferation is crucial to optimize virus inoculation, culturing conditions, and virus harvest time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The proliferation dynamics of JEV in BHK-21 cells was studied by combining the established quantitative PCR method with the conventional TCID50 assay in this study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proliferation curve determined by the 2 methods has a definite parallel relationship, but the quantitative real-time PCR method (4 h) is faster and more sensitive than the TCID50 method (3-4 days). The determination results of TCID50 showed that the highest viral titer was 105.44 TCID50/0.1 mL and 104.86 TCID50/0.1 mL in cell suspension and culture supernate, respectively, while the virus RNA copies reached the peak at 1.0 × 107.5 copies/µL and 1.0 × 105.6 copies/µL in cell suspension and culture supernate, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The comprehensive analysis showed that the best time for JEV proliferation in BHK-21 cell was 60 h post infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":14547,"journal":{"name":"Intervirology","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38783187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gallid Alphaherpesvirus 2 in the Egyptian Turkeys: Molecular Characterization and Establishment of a Universal System for Phylogenetic Classification.","authors":"Mahmoud Bayoumi,&nbsp;Mohamed El-Saied,&nbsp;Basem Ahmed,&nbsp;Magdy El-Mahdy,&nbsp;Haitham Amer","doi":"10.1159/000515904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000515904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 (GaHV-2) is a highly contagious oncogenic virus that causes Marek's disease in chickens and occasionally in turkeys. Among 100 genes identified in GaHV-2 genome, the Meq gene appears to involve viral virulence, oncogenicity, and genetic diversity. Despite the use of Meq gene sequences in phylogenetic classification of GaHV-2 strains circulating in many countries worldwide, no integrated system exists yet.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Turkeys from 2 commercial Egyptian farms were presented with signs of dullness, dehydration, and emaciation. Samples prepared from the internal organs were examined by histopathology and immunohistochemistry. Pools of the internal organs were analyzed by PCR for identification of GaHV-2, avian leucosis virus, and reticuloendotheliosis virus. The Meq gene of an Egyptian strain was sequenced and analyzed in comparison to 40 reference strains for generation of a universal system for phylogenetic classification of GaHV-2 strains.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Gross and histopathological examination revealed grayish-white soft masses in the internal organs characterized by diffuse infiltration of pleomorphic neoplastic cells. All lymphoma cells were identified as T-lymphocytes of CD3+ phenotype. Samples of both farms were only positive for GaHV-2 by PCR. Sequence analysis of the Meq gene has classified the current turkey strain as related to the Egyptian strains identified in chicken in 2012. A universal phylogenetic system for classification of GaHV-2 strains into 4 clusters was proposed. The vaccine strains were all grouped in cluster 2, and most of the classical American strains belonged to cluster 4. Cluster 1 was further divided into 3 subclusters (1.1-1.3).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GaHV-2 was identified in turkeys for the first time in Africa and the Middle East. Sequence analysis of the Meq gene of the Egyptian strain along with a wide array of the global strains has enabled the construction of a novel phylogenetic classification system.</p>","PeriodicalId":14547,"journal":{"name":"Intervirology","volume":"64 3","pages":"156-164"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1159/000515904","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39009459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}