Indonesian Journal of International Relations最新文献

{"title":"DEFORESTASI AMAZON PADA ERA BOLSONARO (2019)","authors":"Tine Ratna Poerwantika","doi":"10.32787/ijir.v5i2.205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v5i2.205","url":null,"abstract":"This article was written with the aim of knowing the dynamics of deforestation in Brazil, especially the Amazon forest, and to find out the driving factors for deforestation in the Amazon rainforest in 2019 from a critical perspective. The Amazon rain forest is reported to have led to massive deforestation using massive forest burning instruments in 2019, sparking reactions from various international elements. To simplify the analysis in this article, the author uses the concept of captal expansion from David Harvey and to further clarify the problem in this article the author adds the concept of deforestation from William Laurance, the writer uses descriptive analytical research methods and uses secondary data sources. In this article, the authors find various correlations between the interests of the Brazilian government and the interests of multinational companies that lead to encouragement of land clearing in various forests, especially the Amazon, on the pretext of meeting world food demand and efforts to restore Brazilian economic instability as justification.","PeriodicalId":145410,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of International Relations","volume":"7 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113935646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE ESTABLISHMENT OF PERMANENT STRUCTURED COOPERATION (PESCO) BY THE EUROPEAN UNION TO INCREASE INTEGRATION AND INDEPENDENCE EUROPEAN REGIONAL MILITARY COOPERATION","authors":"Hardi Alunaza, Bastian Andhony Toy","doi":"10.32787/ijir.v5i2.193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v5i2.193","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to discuss the efforts of the European Union in enhancing integration and defense-security cooperation through the establishment of Permanent Structured Cooperation. This paper seeks to answer how the formation of PESCO can increase the integration and independence of military cooperation between EU member states. Whereas before there has been a North Atlantic Treaty Organization as a security pillar that has long been recognized in the European region. The author uses the theory of regional security complex and the concept of collective security in analyzing related phenomena. This research uses descriptive method with qualitative approach. The data collection technique is literature study consisting of books, journals, and including data from reliable websites to support the explanation of this paper. The results of this research indicate the establishment of PESCO as a form of implementation of Article 42 paragraph 6 of the Lisbon Treaty in 2009 concerning the efforts of member countries in establishing defense-security cooperation within the European Union framework. The establishment of the PESCO was also based on doubts by the European Union on the role of the US in NATO, but PESCO did not directly replace NATO but rather as a complement to autonomous and effective crisis resolution.","PeriodicalId":145410,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of International Relations","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128045323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANALISIS EKOFEMINISME GERAKAN CHIPKO DI INDIA","authors":"Riady","doi":"10.32787/ijir.v5i2.217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v5i2.217","url":null,"abstract":"Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Ekofeminisme Gerakan Chipko di India ntuk mengetahui kontribusi ekofeminisme terhadap gerakan Chipko di India serta mengetahui pengaruh gerakan Chipko dalam upaya perlindungan dan advokasi ekologi di India pasca 1995. Dua fenomena yang kemudian dirangkai dalam satu konsep ekofeminisme yang melahirkan gerakan Chipko di India. Gerakan Chipko kemudian menjadi menarik karena menjadi gerakan Ekofeminisme di negara dengan sistem patriarki yang mengakar dalam masyarakat. Adapun konsep yang digunakan adalah Ekofeminisme dan Gerakan Sosial  Baru (GSB). Kontribusi dari ekofeminisme terhadap gerakan Chipko kemudian dapat diukur dari partisipasi perempuan sebagai pelopor dan relawan gerakan Chipko. Dalam sistem patriarki India, branding gerakan Chipko sebagai gerakan ekofeminisme berpengaruh pada partisipasi perempuan dalam gerakan tersebut. Parameter kedua adalah konsistensi isu perempuan disuarakan dalam kampanye dan pidato. Narasi-narasi ekofeminisme disampaikan melalui kampanye ataupun pidato tokoh gerakan Chipko di berbagai forum. Kontribusi gerakan Chipko terhadap advokasi dan ekologi di India kemudian cukup besar karena mampu mempengaruhi ranah kebijakan otoritas di India.","PeriodicalId":145410,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of International Relations","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126701300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PERANG DAGANG ERA DONALD TRUMP SEBAGAI KEBIJAKAN LUAR NEGERI ADAPTIF CONVULSIVE AMERIKA SERIKAT","authors":"Puguh Toko Arisanto, Adi Wibawa","doi":"10.32787/ijir.v5i2.222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v5i2.222","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: \u0000The U.S-China trade war began after U.S under Donald Trump era raised import tariffs on thousands of China’s products. The policy was retaliated by China with a similar policy. The trade war took place in three rounds starting from July 2018 to September 2019. This paper seeks to analyze factors that influence U.S to issue such a policy triggering the trade war. The article adopted theory of adaptive foreign policy model. Following this theory, authors argued that U.S policy of raising import tariffs that triggered the trade war was a convulsively adaptive foreign policy reflecting significant changes in both external and internal environment. First, it can be seen from External Change Variable, namely, the emergence of China as a new superpower. Second, Structural Change variable showed U.S political structure change from Democrats to Republicans along with Trump's victory in the 2016 Presidential Election. Finally, the leadership factor was Trump's negative perception of China before serving as president. \u0000Keywords: trade war, convulsively adaptive, external change, structural change, leadership factor. \u0000Abstrak: \u0000Perang dagang AS dan Tiongkok diawali dengan kebijakan AS di era Donald Trump yang menaikkan tarif impor atas ribuan produk asal Tiongkok. Kebijakan tersebut dibalas oleh Tiongkok dengan kebijakan yang serupa. Perang dagang tersebut berlangsung dalam tiga ronde dari Juli 2018 hingga September 2019. Tulisan ini mencoba menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi AS mengeluarkan kebijakan tersebut sehingga memicu perang dagang. Penulis menggunakan teori model kebijakan luar negeri adaptif. Berdasarkan teori tersebut, penulis menemukan bahwa kebijakan AS menaikkan tarif impor yang memicu perang dagang merupakan kebijakan luar negeri adaptif convulsive yang berarti terdapat perubahan signifikan baik di lingkungan ekstenal maupun internal. Pertama, dilihat dari variabel External Change yaitu kemunculan Tiongkok sebagai negara adidaya baru. Kedua, dilihat dari variabel Structural Change yaitu perubahan struktur politik AS dari Partai Demokrat ke Partai Republik seiring dengan kemenangan Trump pada Pilpres 2016. Terakhir, yakni leadership factor berupa persepsi negatif Trump terhadap Tiongkok sebelum menjadi presiden. \u0000Kata Kunci: perang dagang, adaptif convulsive, external change, structural change, leadership factor. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":145410,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of International Relations","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117046667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Telaah Konstruktivis Partisipasi Cina dalam the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots","authors":"Bambang Dwi Waluyo, Ryan Muhammad Fahd","doi":"10.32787/IJIR.V4I2.123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32787/IJIR.V4I2.123","url":null,"abstract":"Studi ini mencoba menjelaskan motivasi Cina atas keterlebitannya dalam the Campaign to Stop Killer Robots meskpiun dalam waktu yang bersamaan terus mengembangkan senjata otonom mematikan. Studi ini mempergunakan konsep Transformasi Militer dari Martin van Creveld untuk mempertegas signifikansi LAWS dan jga  teori Interstitial Conception of Politics dari Christian Reus-Smit untuk menganalisis motivasi Cina. Teori ini menjelaskan bahwa setiap tindakan politik pasti ditentukan oleh empat elemen yakni: (1) ideografis (2) etis (3) purposif, dan (4) instrumental.Artikel ini menemukan bahwa motivasi utama keterlibatan Cina adalah (1) untuk mempertahankan diskursus “the peaceful rise of China”, dan (2) untuk mengerem Amerika Serikat, kompetitor utama Cina dalam teknologi LAWS.","PeriodicalId":145410,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of International Relations","volume":"199 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115753999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE IMPACT OF MIGRATION SECURITIZATION ON THE INCREASE OF ISLAMOPHOBIA-BASED ATTACKS IN THE UNITED STATES IN 2015-2019","authors":"Victoriana Melati","doi":"10.32787/IJIR.V4I1.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32787/IJIR.V4I1.118","url":null,"abstract":"This paper will discuss the United States policy under Donald Trump's administration which places migration as an agenda of securitization by restricting immigrants from entering the United States, especially Muslim immigrants. Trump firmly said to reject the entry of immigrants from six Muslim countries, namely Chad, Iran, Libya, Syria, Somalia and Yemen. Trump also added that the ban on the entry of immigrants was also applied to Venezuelans and North Koreans. The step was taken by Trump with the aim of ensuring the security of the United States from various threats potentially brought by the immigrants. Then, this paper will answer the big questions about how securitization of migration affected the emergence of Islamophobia in the United States. In analyzing these problems, we use the concept of securitization of migration with four operational variables, namely: 1. Framing by speech acts, 2. Politicization of fear, 3. The impacts (positive and negative): Securitization policy and the islamophobia actions. The results of this study indicate that securitization of migration process has an impact on the increasing actions of Islamophobia-based in the United States. \u0000  \u0000Keywords: Securitization of Migration, Travel Ban Policy, Islamophobia, United States","PeriodicalId":145410,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of International Relations","volume":"303 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132806000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CONSTRUCTIVE ENGAGEMENT AS INDONESIA’S FOREIGN POLICY STRATEGY IN PROMOTING DEMOCRATIZATION IN MYANMAR","authors":"Nabilla Syahaya Putri Aryani","doi":"10.32787/IJIR.V3I2.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32787/IJIR.V3I2.84","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of a constructive approach conducted by Indonesian Government towards its bilateral relations with Myanmar known as a form of Indonesia's responsibility to be involved in the settlement of democratic issues and the humanitarian crisis within Myanmar. This approach constructed by regionalism precedent of ASEAN Way Values which reaffirm the consideration of the Indonesian Government in the making process of Constructive Engagement foreign policy to promote democratization in Myanmar. This Strategy opposed disincentive policies implied by Western Countries towards Myanmar. As in its implementation, Constructive Engagement strategy accentuates the attempts of dialogue, consensus and strengthening cooperation between countries to create social and economic development within Myanmar and bring the positive trend in the process of Myanmar's political transition.","PeriodicalId":145410,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of International Relations","volume":"235 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128786010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STRATEGI BUDAYA SUNDA MENHADAPI GLOBALISASI BUDAYA POPULER : STUDI TENTANG KESENIAN DAERAH JAWA BARAT MENURUT PERSPEKTIF KEAMANAN KULTURAL","authors":"G. Alam, R. N. Affandi, Arfin Sudirman","doi":"10.32787/IJIR.V3I1.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32787/IJIR.V3I1.88","url":null,"abstract":"Proses globalisasi saat ini telah menghasilkan budaya global yang tanpa disadari telah diterima di berbagai negara, tidak terkecuali Indonesia. Indonesia sebagai sebuah negara yang memiliki kemajemukan dalam budaya juga tidak terlepas dari ancaman budaya global yang senantiasa dapat menggeser atau bahkan menghilangkan eksistensi budaya nasional yang sudah menjadi kebanggaan bangsa Indonesia. Tujuan dari riset yaitu untuk memahami proses globalisasi budaya populer dapat menggeser eksistensi dari budaya lokal dan memberikan pemikiran untuk mensikapi pergeeseran budaya tersebut menurut perspektif keamanan kultural dengan memfokuskan pada persoalan produk budaya populer yang direpresentasikan melalui permainan modern bagi anak anak, yang kehadirannya menggeser keberadaan dari permainan tradisional sebagai bagian dari budaya bangsa. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dan pendekatan sekuritisasi terhadap budaya nasional (permainan tradisional) artikel ini menunjukan bahwa eksistensi permainan tradisional (kaulinan barudak sunda) sebagai bagian dari budaya nasional tergantikan oleh pemainan modern sebagai produk budaya populer. Artikel ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kesadaran bagi masyarakat dan pemerintah untuk lebih memikirkan tentang pelestarian pemainan tradisional agar tidak mengalami kepunahan.","PeriodicalId":145410,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of International Relations","volume":"205 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133038860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Populasi, One Child Policy dan Reformasi Cina","authors":"Y. Nizmi","doi":"10.32787/IJIR.V3I1.86","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32787/IJIR.V3I1.86","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract \u0000One child policy has been implemented  in 1979 and the effects both  negative and positive clearly to women. One child policy is a simple China’s economic growth grand strategy that was design to reduce population growth, infrastructure problems,  labour and resources. This policy obviously effective in controlling almost all family just to have one child. The problem is that one child policy should be noted only just for short term, implemented for giving state to get its economic goals and to socialize the values of small family and not for long term solution.  Various critics defense this policy because of its unrespect and harmful for women and also breaking the human rights. This research analyze one child policy and its implications to decline labour ratio which threat economic stability because of aging population. China government  needs to be focus on the meaning of growth in wholistic and more understand that economic growth is also include better echievements in social politics and economic policy dimension. These dimensions will not be reached if the government keep going its attention only on liberalization and modal accumulation. \u0000  \u0000Keywords: Population Policy, One Child Policy, Family Planning, Economic Growth. \u0000  \u0000Sejak One Child Policy diimplementasikan pada tahun 1979, terlihat dengan jelas pengaruh positif dan negatifnya terhadap kaum perempuan. Kebijakan satu anak adalah salah satu bagian sederhana dari grand strategi pertumbuhan ekonomi Cina, yang dirancang untuk membatasi pertumbuhan populasi  dan mengurangi tekanan infrastruktur, ketenagakerjaan dan sumberdaya.  Kebijakan ini efektif dalam membatasi  hampir semua keluarga hanya memiliki satu anak. Masalahnya adalah bahwa kebijakan ini harus dipandang sebagai sebuah program jangka pendek, diimplementasikan untuk memberi negara kesempatan mencapai tujuan-tujuan ekonominya dan membantu mensosialisasikan nilai dari keluarga kecil, dan bukan sebagai solusi jangka panjang untuk tekanan ekonomi. Kritik terhadap kebijakan ini sudah banyak bermunculan, kebijakan ini membahayakan kaum perempuan dan implikasinya melanggar hak asasi manusi. Tulisan ini menganalisa posisi kebijakan satu anak dan implementasinya yang banyak mendapatkan pertentanga dan penurunan rasio tenaga kerja yang pensiun yang dapat mengancam stabilititas ekonomi Cina karena persoalan “aging population”. Pemerintah Cina perlu untuk memfokuskan makna pertumbuhan secara holistik dan lebih memahami bahwa pertumbuhan juga mencakup pencapaian yang lebih baik dalam dimensi sosial, politik, dan kebijakan ekonomi.  Dimensi-dimensi ini tidak akan dapat dicapai jika pemerintah terus melanjutkan perhatiannya hanya pada liberalisasi dan akumulasi modal. \u0000  \u0000Kata Kunci: Kebijakan Populasi, Kebijakan satu anak, Perencanaan Keluarga, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":145410,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of International Relations","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125624166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peran European Women’s Transnational Advocacy Networks (TANs) dalam Mengkonstruksi Regime Kesetaraan Gender di Uni Eropa","authors":"N. Azizah","doi":"10.32787/IJIR.V3I1.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32787/IJIR.V3I1.87","url":null,"abstract":"Keberhasilan Uni Eropa dalam mewujudkan tingkat kesetaraan gender yang tinggi, kemampuannya dalam menginisiasi kebijakan-kebijakan inovatif yang ramah terhadap perempuan, dan kepeloporannya dalam menyebarluaskan norma kesetaraan gender ke berbagai kawasan, merupakan hal yang menarik untuk diteliti. Keberhasilan ini merupakan sebuah “best practice” yang dapat menginspirasi kawasan-kawasan lainnya. Siapa aktor yang berperan dibalik keberhasilan ini ? Artikel ini akan menjelaskan tentang peran European Women’s Transnational Advocacy Networks (TANs) dalam mengkonstruksi regime kesetaraan gender di Uni Eropa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif, dengan studi literatur menggunakan data sekunder. Temuan penelitian ini  menunjukan bahwa advokasi yang dilakukan secara gencar dan terus menerus oleh European Women’s TANs telah berhasil mengkonstruksi regime gender yang efektif di Eropa sehingga mampu menghasilkan kebijakan-kebijakan yang ramah terhadap perempuan dan mewujudkan tingkat kesetaraan gender yang tinggi.","PeriodicalId":145410,"journal":{"name":"Indonesian Journal of International Relations","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125579497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}